An aggregatable global IPv6 address is an IPv6 unicast address that
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comes from the aggregatable global unicast prefix
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supports strict aggregation of routing prefixes to limit global routing table entries, and
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is used on links that are aggregated upward through organizations and Internet service providers.
Routing aggregation
The structure of aggregatable global IPv6 addresses enables strict aggregation of routing prefixes. This aggregation limits the number of routing table entries in the global routing table.
Aggregatable global addresses are used on links that are aggregated upward through organizations and eventually to Internet service providers.
Address structure
Aggregatable global IPv6 addresses are defined by these parts:
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Global routing prefix
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Subnet ID
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Interface ID
Except for addresses that start with binary 000, all global unicast addresses have a 64-bit interface ID. The current global unicast address allocation uses the address range that starts with binary value 001, represented as 2000::/3.
Addresses with a prefix from 2000::/3 through E000::/3 are required to have 64-bit interface identifiers in the extended universal identifier 64-bit format.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority allocates IPv6 address space in the range 2000::/16 to regional registries.
Global routing prefix and subnet ID
The aggregatable global address typically consists of a 48-bit global routing prefix and a 16-bit subnet ID or Site-Level Aggregator.
In the IPv6 aggregatable global unicast address format document, RFC 2374, the global routing prefix included two additional hierarchically structured fields: Top-Level Aggregator and Next-Level Aggregator. The IETF removed the Top-Level Aggregator and Next-Level Aggregator fields from the RFCs because these fields are policy-based.
Some IPv6 networks that were deployed before the change might still use networks based on the older RFC 2374 architecture.
The 16-bit subnet ID can be used by individual organizations to create a local addressing hierarchy and identify subnets. A subnet ID is similar to a subnet in IPv4, except that an organization with an IPv6 subnet ID can support up to 65,535 individual subnets.
Interface ID requirements
An interface ID identifies interfaces on a link. The interface ID must be unique to the link and might also be unique over a broader scope.
In many cases, an interface ID is the same as, or based on, the link-layer address of an interface.
Interface IDs used in aggregatable global unicast and other IPv6 address types must be 64 bits long and constructed in the modified EUI-64 format.
Modified EUI-64 interface ID construction
For IEEE 802 interface types, such as Ethernet and FDDI interfaces, the modified EUI-64 interface ID is constructed from the 48-bit MAC address:
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The first three octets, or 24 bits, are taken from the Organizationally Unique Identifier of the MAC address.
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The fourth and fifth octets, or 16 bits, use the fixed hexadecimal value FFFE.
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The last three octets, or 24 bits, are taken from the last three octets of the MAC address.
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The Universal/Local bit, which is the seventh bit of the first octet, is set to indicate whether the IPv6 interface identifier is locally administered or globally unique.
A Universal/Local bit value of 0 indicates a locally administered identifier. A value of 1 indicates a globally unique IPv6 interface identifier.
For tunnel interface types that are used with IPv6 overlay tunnels, the interface ID is the IPv4 address assigned to the tunnel interface with all zeros in the high-order 32 bits of the identifier.
PPP and fallback interface ID behavior
For interfaces that use Point-to-Point Protocol, the interfaces at both ends of the connection might have the same MAC address. In this case, the interface identifiers used at both ends of the connection are negotiated, and reconstructed if necessary, until both identifiers are unique.
The first MAC address in the router is used to construct the identifier for interfaces that use Point-to-Point Protocol.
If no IEEE 802 interface types exist in the router, link-local IPv6 addresses are generated on the interfaces in this sequence:
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The router is queried for MAC addresses from the pool of MAC addresses in the router.
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If no MAC address is available, the serial number of the route processor or line card is used to form the link-local address.