NetFlow Supported Features

In-line Modification of Netflow Configuration

The In-line modification of Netflow configuration enables to add or remove flow attributes of a flow entity that is already applied to an interface.

A flow entity can be a monitor map, exporter map or a sampler map.

Netflow does not support in-line modification of all its configuration items. This table lists flow entries and flow attributes that are in-line modifiable.


Note

In-line modification of flow items clears the cache counters. As a result there could be flow accounting mismatch.

Note

The In-line modification of Netflow configuration is supported on Cisco IOS XR 64 bit software.
Table 1. In-line Modifiable Flow Entities and Flow Attributes

Flow Entity

Flow Attribute

Monitor map

Note

 

Any modification to the cache attributes results in resetting of the cache counters. The cache flows are dropped not exported.

cache timeout active seconds

cache timeout inactive seconds

cache timeout update seconds

cache timeout rate-limit seconds

exporter

cache entries

cache permanent

option outphysint | bgstrings

Note

 

This flow attribute is not supported on Cisco NCS 5500 Router.

Exporter Map

Note

 

Any modification to an exporter map results in resetting of the exporter counter.

source <source interface>

destination <destinaiton address>

dscp <dscp_value>

version v9 | ipfix

Sampler Map

sampling interval

Restriction

  • In-line modification of the record ipv4 flow attribute is not supported.

Use Case

Consider a netflow configuration as shown below applied on Bundle interface. 

RP/0/RP1/CPU0:router#show running-config interface bundle-ether 8888
Thu Oct 26 14:17:17.459 UTC
interface Bundle-Ether8888
ipv4 address 192.168.108.1 255.255.255.252
 ipv6 address 192:168:108::1/126
flow ipv6 monitor MONITOR-8k sampler SAMPLER-8k ingress
!
RP/0/RP1/CPU0:router#show running-config flow monitor-map MONITOR-8k
Thu Oct 26 14:17:32.581 UTC
flow monitor-map MONITOR-8k
 record ipv6
 exporter NF-2
 cache timeout update 30
!

The Netflow configuration includes:

  • flow monitor map—MONITOR-8k: The flow monitor map do not have cache entries configured. Cache entries are the number of entries in the flow cache.

  • exporter map—NF-2

  • sampler map—SAMPLE-8k

The cache entries attribute is in-line modifiable. Let us configure the cache entries, while the flow monitor map is in use: 


RP/0/RP1/CPU0:router#config
RP/0/RP1/CPU0:router(config)#flow monitor-map MONITOR-8k
RP/0/RP1/CPU0:router(config-fmm)#cache entries 8000
RP/0/RP1/CPU0:router(config-fmm)#commit
Thu Oct 26 14:18:24.625 UTC
RP/0/RP1/CPU0:Oct 26 14:18:24.879 : config[67366]: %MGBL-CONFIG-6-DB_COMMIT : Configuration committed by user '<username>'. 
Use 'show configuration commit changes 1000000556' to view the changes.  /*configuration commit is successfull. */

The above configuration changes are committed successfully.

Verification

To verify if the monitor map has chache entries of 8000 configured, use the show flow monitor-map command for MONITOR-8k map: 


RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show flow monitor-map MONITOR-8k

Flow Monitor Map : MONITOR-8k
-------------------------------------------------
Id:                1
RecordMapName:     ipv6
ExportMapName:     NF-2
CacheAgingMode:    Permanent
CacheMaxEntries:   8000
CacheActiveTout:   N/A
CacheInactiveTout: N/A
CacheUpdateTout:   30 seconds

Options Template Overview

NetFlow version 9 is a template-based version. The templates provide an extensible design to the record format. This feature allows enhancements to NetFlow services without requiring concurrent changes to the basic flow-record format. An options template is a special type of template record that is used to communicate the format of data related to the NetFlow process. Rather than supplying information about IP flows, the options are used to supply metadata about the NetFlow process itself. The sampler options template and the interface options template are different forms of options templates. These two tables are exported by the NetFlow process. The NetFlow process will also export the VRF table.

Sampler Table

The sampler options template consists of sampler tables. Similarly, the interface option templates consist of interface tables. By enabling the options for sampler table and interface table, it becomes easier for the collector to determine the information on data flow.

The sampler table consists of information on the active samplers. It is used by the collector to estimate the sampling rate for each data flow. The sampler table consists of the following information for each sampler:
Field Name Value

FlowSamplerID

This ID is assigned to the sampler. It is used by the collector to retrieve information about the sampler for a data flow record.

FlowSamplerMode

This field indicates the mode in which the sampling has been performed.

FlowSamplerRandomInterval

This field indicates the rate at which the sampling is performed.

SamplerName

This field indicates the name of the sampler.

Interface Table

The interface table consists of information on interfaces that are being monitored for data flow. By using this information, the collector determines the names of interfaces associated with the data flow. The interface table consists of the following information:

Field Name Value

ingressInterface

This field indicates the SNMP index assigned to the interface. By matching this value to the Ingress interface in the data flow record, the collector is able to retrieve the name of the interface.

interfaceDescription

This field indicates the name of the interface.

VRF Table

The VRF table consists of mapping of VRF IDs to the VRF names. By using this information, the collector determines the name of the required VRF. The VRF table consists of the following information:

Field Name Value

ingressVRFID

The identifier of the VRF with the name in the VRF-Name field.

VRF-Name

The VRF name which has the VRFID value ingressVRFID. The value "default" indicates that the interface is not assigned explicitly to a VRF.

The data records contain ingressVRFID as an extra field in each record. The values of these fields are used to lookup the VRF Table to find the VRF names. A value 0 in these fields indicates that the VRF is unknown.

The VRF table is exported at intervals specified by the optional timeout keyword that can be configured manually. The default value is 1800 seconds.

Flow Filter

Table 2. Feature History Table

Feature Name

Release Information

Feature Description

Flow Filter on Cisco NC57 Line Cards

Release 7.2.2

With this feature, you can collect user-defined and ACL-filtered NetFlow data that is available in the NetFlow cache and export it to an external interface for processing. Flow filter can be configured on interfaces in ingress direction.

This feature introduces the option filtered command.

NetFlow provides highly granular per-flow traffic statistics in a Cisco router. The router accumulates NetFlow statistics of all the flows in a NetFlow cache and exports them to an external device for further processing. But in some cases, you might want to gather NetFlow data on only a subset of these flows. The flow filter feature provides the capability to gather NetFlow data on only a specific user-defined subset of flow.

The flow filter feature is configured on interfaces in ingress or egress direction. The flow filter feature uses ACL and QoS bits to filter the NetFlow data; the match criteria is based on five tuple and DSCP bits. The filtered Netflow data is sampled (not all interface flows are sampled) and exported to a collector.

When both security ACL and Netflow filtering ACL are configured on an interface, the security ACL takes precedence over Netflow filtering ACL.

The Flow Filter supports:

  • NetFlow v9 and IPFIX export formats.

  • Yang data model for dynamic provisioning.

Restrictions

These are the restrictions for the flow filter feature:

  • Supported on physical interface, physical subinterface, bundle interface, and bundle subinterface

  • Not supported on satellite access interface, ICL interface and clusters.

  • MPLS netflow filtering is not supported.

Configuring Flow Filter

Consider SP-PE use case where SP (Service Provide) cloud is connected to the PE (Provider Edge) router through gigabit ethernet.

Figure 1. SP-PE Topology


Configuring NetFlow on PE router involves:

  1. Configuring ACL based filter criteria for NetFlow

  2. Configuring Monitor map with filter netflow object

  3. Configuring Sampler map

  4. Configuring Exporter map

  5. Applying the NetFlow flow filter ACL configuration and Monitor map to an interface

Configuring ACL based filter criteria for NetFlow 


ipv4 access-list nf_ex
   10 permit ipv4 192.168.1.1/24 any capture

Configuring Monitor map with filter netflow object 


flow monitor-map fmm1
   record ipv4
    option filtered 
   exporter fem1
   cache entries 10000
   cache timeout active 1800
   cache timeout inactive 15
   exit

Configuring Sampler map 


sampler-map fsm1 
 random 1 out-of 65535
exit

Configuring Exporter map 

flow exporter-map fem1 
 destination 10.1.1.1
 source Loopback 0
 transport udp 1024
 dscp 10
exit
version v9
 template data timeout 600
 options interface-table
exit

Applying the NetFlow Flow filter ACL configuration and Monitor map to an interface 


interface 10GE0/0/0/1
ipv4 access-group nf_ex_ing
flow ipv4 monitor fmm1 sampler fsm1 ingress 
exit

Verification

Use the show flow monitor command to verify the flow filter configuration successfully applied on the PE router: 

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# show flow monitor-map netflow_monitor_map_fl_4

Flow Monitor Map : netflow_monitor_map_fl_4
-------------------------------------------------
Id: 28
RecordMapName: ipv4-raw
ExportMapName: netflow_exporter_map_fl_4
CacheAgingMode: Normal
CacheMaxEntries: 65535
CacheActiveTout: 1800 seconds
CacheInactiveTout: 700 seconds
CacheUpdateTout: N/A
CacheRateLimit: 2000
Options: filtered
HwCacheExists: False
HwCacheInactTout: 50

Flow Monitor :        fmm1                        
---------------------------------------------
  Flow definition:    ipv4-raw                        
  Cache configuration:
    Type:             Normal                          
    Cache size:                      65535 entries
    Inactive timeout:                   15 seconds
    Active timeout:                   1800 seconds
    Update timeout:                    N/A
    Rate limit:                       2000 entries per second
    Options:                      filtered

IPFIX

Internet Protocol Flow Information Export (IPFIX) has been standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as an export protocol for transmitting NetFlow packets. Building upon NetFlow version 9, IPFIX introduces efficient flow data formatting through templates, ensuring scalability and adaptability to diverse network environments. Utilizing UDP as the transport protocol, IPFIX facilitates the seamless transfer of NetFlow information from exporters to collectors. With native support for IPv6 flow records, the inclusion of optional data fields, and the ability to send data to multiple collectors, IPFIX proves to be a versatile and powerful solution for network administrators, enabling comprehensive traffic analysis, monitoring, and enhanced visibility into network behavior.

Restrictions

These IPFIX features are not supported:

  • Variable-length information element in the IPFIX template

  • Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) as the transport protocol

Limitations

  • You cannot modify an exporter version of an exporter map that is already applied to an interface. To modify the exporter version, first remove the exporter configuration applied on the interface, later modify the version and apply the configuration to the interface.

  • An interface can have three different monitor-maps but all the monitor maps should have the same version for the exporters. There can be different exporters for the three monitor maps but they all need to have the same exporter version either v9 or IPFIX.

  • You can only have monitor-maps one of each record type attached to an interface, that is one monitor-map for IPv4 record, one monitor-map for IPv6 record and one for MPLS record. There can be different exporter maps for these three monitor-maps but all the exporter maps should have same exporter version configured, either v9 or IPFIX.

  • Multiple sampler-maps can be configured but only two sampler maps can be appled to an interface across the system.

Collect Additional BGP Information Elements for MPLS IPv4 and IPV6 Using IPFIX

Table 3. Feature History Table

Feature Name

Release Information

Feature Description

Collect Additional BGP Information Elements for MPLS IPv4 and IPV6 Using IPFIX

Release 24.1.1

 You can now collect insights into how MPLS traffic is flowing through the network, assess the performance of your traffic engineering policies and make informed adjustments, pinpoint where in your MPLS network packets are being misrouted or dropped for swift troubleshooting, and also enable accurate billing for your users' customers because of insights into accurate resource usage. This is made possible because we have enabled the collection of BGP information elements for MPLS IPv4 and IPv6 traffic using IPFIX.

This feature modifies the output of the show flow monitor command.

You can now monitor and optimize your network more effectively with IPFIX, which enhances the collection of BGP Information Elements (IEs) in IPFIX records. Specifically designed to improve congestion mitigation in core-edge link scenarios, this update introduces support for gathering eight additional BGP fields in IPFIX MPLS IPv4/IPv6 records.

Additionally, two new Information Elements, namely Minimum Time-to-Live (TTL) and Maximum TTL, are recorded. These elements provide information about the minimum Time to Live for a flow and the maximum Time to Live for a flow.

Table 4. Information Elements

IE Field

IE Number

BgpSourceAsNumber

16

BgpDestinationAsNumber

17

BgpNextHopIPv4Address

18

BgpNextHopIPv6Address

63

DestinationIPv4PrefixLength

13

DestinationIPv6PrefixLength

30

IpNextHopIPv4Address

15

IpNextHopIPv6Address

62

Minimum TTL

52

Maximum TTL

53

IE number, or Information Element Number, is a unique identifier assigned to specific elements within network communication protocols, facilitating standardized interpretation and management. For more information refer IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Entities.

Configuration

The following example shows how to collect MPLS traffic with both IPv6 and IPv4 fields.

Configuring Monitor map:

Router(config)#flow monitor-map mpls-1
Router(config-fmm)#record mpls ipv4-ipv6-fields
Router(config-fmm)#commit
Router(config-fmm)#exit

Configuring Sampler map:

Router(config)#sampler-map fsm1
Router(config-sm)#random 1 out-of 4000
Router(config-sm)#commit
Router(config-sm)#exit

Apply a Monitor Map and a Sampler Map to a physical interface

Router(config)#interface HundredGigE 0/0/0/24
Router(config-if)#flow mpls monitor mpls-1 sampler fsm1 ingress
Router(config-if)#exit

Verification

Verify the flow monitor stats statistics using the show flow monitor cache location command . 

Router#show flow monitor mpls-1 cache summary location 0/0/CPU0========== Record number: 1 ==========
========== Record number: 1 ==========
LabelType        :   Unknown
Prefix/Length    : 20.1.1.0/24
Label1-EXP-S     :    16001-0-1
Label2-EXP-S     :       -
Label3-EXP-S     :       -
Label4-EXP-S     :       -
Label5-EXP-S     :       -
Label6-EXP-S     :       -
InputInterface   : FH0/0/0/1
OutputInterface  : FH0/0/0/0
ForwardStatus    : Fwd
FirstSwitched    : 00 08:28:52:189
LastSwitched     : 00 08:28:57:649
ByteCount        : 2352
PacketCount      : 56
Dir              : Ing
SamplerID        : 1
IPV4SrcAddr      : 30.1.1.1
IPV4DstAddr      : 20.1.1.1
IPV4TOS          : 0
IPV4Prot         : udp
L4SrcPort        : 2025
L4DestPort       : 2500
L4TCPFlags       : 0
IPV4SrcPrfxLen   : 24
IPV4DstPrfxLen   : 24
BGPNextHopV4     : 192.168.10.10
BGPNextHopV6     : ::
BGPSrcOrigAS     : 2000
BGPDstOrigAS     : 1000
IPV4NextHop      : 192.168.10.10
IPV6NextHop      : ::
MinimumTTL       : 90       
MaximumTTL       : 110      
InputVRFID       : default
OutputVRFID      : default
 
 
========== Record number: 1 ==========
LabelType        :   Unknown
Prefix/Length    : ::/0
Label1-EXP-S     :    16001-0-1
Label2-EXP-S     :       -
Label3-EXP-S     :       -
Label4-EXP-S     :       -
Label5-EXP-S     :       -
Label6-EXP-S     :       -
InputInterface   : FH0/0/0/1
OutputInterface  : FH0/0/0/0
ForwardStatus    : Fwd
FirstSwitched    : 00 08:27:38:692
LastSwitched     : 00 08:27:47:572
ByteCount        : 5580
PacketCount      : 90
Dir              : Ing
SamplerID        : 1
IPv6SrcAddr      : 50::1
IPv6DstAddr      : 40::1
IPv6TC           : 0
IPv6FlowLabel    : 0
IPv6OptHdrs      : 0x0
IPV6Prot         : udp
L4SrcPort        : 2025
L4DestPort       : 2500
L4TCPFlags       : 0
IPV6SrcPrfxLen   : 64
IPV6DstPrfxLen   : 64
BGPNextHopV4     : 0.0.0.0
BGPNextHopV6     : ::ffff:192.168.10.10
BGPSrcOrigAS     : 2000
BGPDstOrigAS     : 1000
IPV4NextHop      : 192.168.10.10
IPV6NextHop      : ::
MinimumTTL       : 195      
MaximumTTL       : 205      
InputVRFID       : default
OutputVRFID      : default

Note

When processing the ICMP Layer 4 header, the destination port is determined based on the ICMPv6 message type, instead of being set to zero. This behavior is specific to ICMPv6 and does not apply to ICMP for IPv4.

For example, in the following output, the L4DestPort value corresponds to ICMPv6 Msg Type 3 (Time Exceeded). See https://www.iana.org/assignments/icmpv6-parameters/icmpv6-parameters.xhtml#icmpv6-parameters-codes-4

IPv6SrcAddr     : 1700::2                                 
IPv6DstAddr     : 1800::2                                 
BGPDstOrigAS    : 0           
BGPSrcOrigAS    : 0           
BGPNextHopV6    : fcbb:bb00:3::                           
IPv6TC          : 8     
IPv6FlowLabel   : 4             
IPv6OptHdrs     : 0x0         
IPV6Prot        : icmpv6  
MinimumTTL      : 120       
MaximumTTL      : 120       
L4SrcPort       : 0         
L4DestPort      : 3               
L4TCPFlags      : 0           
IPV6DstPrfxLen  : 64             
IPV6SrcPrfxLen  : 128            
InputInterface  : Hu0/0/0/1      
OutputInterface : Hu0/0/0/0      
ForwardStatus   : Fwd                 
BGPNextHopV4    : 0.0.0.0         
IPV4NextHop     : 0.0.0.0         
IPV6NextHop     : ::                                      
FirstSwitched   : 04 02:36:55:363
LastSwitched    : 04 02:37:19:963
ByteCount       : 25190       
PacketCount     : 229         
Dir             : Ing
SamplerID       : 4         
SrcMacAddr      : 00:ca:ff:ee:00:01 
DstMacAddr      : 04:00:00:07:1d:04 
EthType         : 34525   
Dot1qPriority   : 0             
Dot1qVlanId     : 0           
CustVlanId      : 0           
InputVRFID      : vrf_1                            
OutputVRFID     : default

Configuring IPFIX

Consider SP-PE use case where SP (Service Provider) cloud is connected to the PE (Provider Edge) router through TenGigabit ethernet.

Figure 2. SP-PE Topology


Configuring NetFlow on PE router involves:

  1. Configuring Exporter map with IPFIX as an exporter

  2. Configuring Monitor map

  3. Configuring Sampler map

  4. Applying the Monitor map and Sampler map to an interface

Configuring Exporter map with IPFIX as the exporter version 

flow exporter-map fem_ipfix 
 destination 10.1.1.1
 source Loopback 0
 transport udp 1025
 exit
version ipfix
 template data timeout 600
 options sampler-table
exit

Configuring Monitor map 


flow monitor-map fmm1
   record ipv4
    option filtered 
   exporter fem_ipfix
   cache entries 10000
   cache timeout active 1800
   cache timeout inactive 15
   exit

Configuring Sampler map 


sampler-map fsm1 
 random 1 out-of 4000  /*Sampling rate supported is 1:4000*/
exit

Applying the Monitor map to an interface

Now apply the monitor-map fmm1 that is configured with an exporter version IPFIX and sampler-map fsm1 to the 10GE 0/0/0/1 interface in the ingress direction: 

configure
 interface 10GE0/0/0/1
  flow ipv4 monitor fmm1 sampler fsm1 ingress 
 exit

Verification

Use the show flow flow-exporter map command to verify the exporter version configured is IPFIX: 

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# show flow exporter-map fem_ipfix
Flow Exporter Map : fem_ipfix
-------------------------------------------------
Id                  : 3
Packet-Length       : 1468
DestinationIpAddr   : 10.1.1.1
VRFName             : default
SourceIfName        : Loopback1
SourceIpAddr        : 4.4.0.1
DSCP                : 40
TransportProtocol   : UDP
TransportDestPort   : 9001

Export Version: IPFIX
  Common Template Timeout : 1800 seconds
  Options Template Timeout : 1800 seconds
  Data Template Timeout : 1800 seconds
  Interface-Table Export Timeout : 0 seconds
  Sampler-Table Export Timeout : 0 seconds
  VRF-Table Export Timeout : 0 seconds

Exported packets in an IPFIX packet structure are in the form of template set or data set. The first data template is sent when the configuration is activated on the interface.

With constant stream, the flowset data does not change, so data is decoded. Data template is updated in the case of timeout on the template. To change the timeout options in the flow exporter, use the template options timeout command: 

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)#flow exporter-map ipfix_exp1
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fem)#version ipfix
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fem-ver)#template options 
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:TU-PE3(config-fem-ver)#template options timeout
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:TU-PE3(config-fem-ver)#template options timeout 30
 
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# show flow exporter-map ipfix_exp1
version ipfix                                                                                                                                    
  template data timeout 30
!
dscp 40
transport udp 9001
source Loopback0
destination 10.127.59.86

IPFIX Enablement for SRv6 and Services over SRv6 Core

Table 5. Feature History Table

Feature Name

Release Information

Description

IPFIX Enablement for SRv6 and Services over SRv6 Core

Release 7.8.1

This feature provides improved information elements about SRv6 IP traffic flows recorded by IPFIX from the network devices. The following sub-menus are introduced for this command:

The record ipv6 command is modified to support a new optional keyword, srv6 .

For more information, see:

Simultaneous L2 and L3 Flow Monitoring using IPFIX

 Release 7.10.1

Introduced in this release on: NCS 5500 fixed port routers NCS 5500 modular routers (NCS 5500 line cards)

This feature introduces support for simultaneous L2 and L3 flow monitoring. Now, you can configure IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) to actively monitor and record end-to-end L2 and L3 flow information elements from network devices. Previously, only L2 or L3 flow could be monitored at a time.

This feature introduces these changes:

CLI: The following sub-menus are introduced for these commands:

  • The record ipv4 command is modified to support a new optional keyword, l2-l3

  • The record ipv6 command is modified to support a new optional keyword, l2-l3

YANG Data Model:

When migrating from traditional IP and MPLS networks to SRv6-based networks, there is a need for information elements specific to SRv6 traffic flow. To address this, we have introduced the srv6 keyword to the ipv6 command. By utilizing this keyword, you can now access SRv6 flow information that is recorded by IPFIX from the network devices.

Restriction and Limitation

  1. IPFIX with multiple SRH is not supported in IOS XR software version 7.10.1

  2. SRv6 NetFlow is not supported on subinterfaces of decap nodes, including both L2VPN and L3VPN scenarios. To address this limitation, you can apply NetFlow on the main interface instead, which can capture traffic over the underlying subinterface and populate the record. However, please be aware that in the NetFlow record, the input ifhandle will be associated with the main interface only.

Configuration

From Cisco IOS-XR Release 7.8.1, a new optional keyword, srv6 is introduced for the record ipv6 option. See the following example: 


RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fem)# flow monitor-map MON-MAP-v6
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# record ipv6 srv6
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# exporter EXP
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# cache timeout inactive 5
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# !
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# sampler-map SAMP 
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# random 1 out-of 1000
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# !
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0/0
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# ipv6 address 2002:1::1/64
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# flow ipv6 monitor M1 sampler SAMP ingres
This example shows how to display SRv6 monitor-map data for a specific flow:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# show flow monitor-map MON

Flow Monitor Map : MON
-------------------------------------------------
Id:                1
RecordMapName:     srv6
ExportMapName:     EXP
CacheAgingMode:    Normal
CacheMaxEntries:   65535
CacheActiveTout:   101 seconds
CacheInactiveTout: 15 seconds
CacheUpdateTout:   N/A
CacheRateLimit:    2000
HwCacheExists:     False
HwCacheInactTout:  50

From Cisco IOS-XR Release 7.10.1, a new optional keyword, l2-l3 is introduced for the record ipv4 and record ipv6 option. By utilizing this keyword, you can now access end-to-end L2 and L3 flow information that is recorded by IPFIX from the network devices. See the following example: 


RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fem)# flow monitor-map M-IPv4
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# record ipv4 l2-l3
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# exporter EXP-ipfix
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# !
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# flow monitor-map M-IPv6 
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# record ipv6 l2-l3
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# exporter EXP-ipfix
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# !
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# sampler-map SAMP
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# random 1 out-of 1000
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# !
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0/0
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# description CE-PE Interface
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# ipv4 address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# ipv6 address 2001:DB8:c18:1::/64
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# flow ipv4 monitor M-IPv4 sampler SAMP ingres
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# flow ipv6 monitor M-IPv6 sampler SAMP ingress
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# !
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router
This example shows how to display IPv4 monitor-map data for a specific flow: 

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# show run flow monitor-map 

flow monitor-map M-IPv4
 record ipv4 l2-l3
 exporter EXP
!
flow monitor-map M-IPv6
 record ipv6 l2-l3
 exporter EXP
!
This example shows how to display l2-l3 monitor-map data for IPv4 specific flow:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# show flow monitor-map M-IPv4

Flow Monitor Map : M-IPv4
-------------------------------------------------
Id:                3
RecordMapName:     ipv4-l2-l3
ExportMapName:     EXP
CacheAgingMode:    Normal
CacheMaxEntries:   65535
CacheActiveTout:   1800 seconds
CacheInactiveTout: 15 seconds
CacheUpdateTout:   N/A
CacheRateLimit:    2000
HwCacheExists:     False
HwCacheInactTout:  50
This example shows how to display l2-l3 monitor-map data for IPv6 specific flow:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# show flow monitor-map M-IPv6

Flow Monitor Map : M-IPv6
-------------------------------------------------
Id:                4
RecordMapName:     ipv6-l2-l3
ExportMapName:     EXP
CacheAgingMode:    Normal
CacheMaxEntries:   65535
CacheActiveTout:   1800 seconds
CacheInactiveTout: 15 seconds
CacheUpdateTout:   N/A
CacheRateLimit:    2000
HwCacheExists:     False
HwCacheInactTout:  50
This example shows the complete recorded data for SRv6 L2 services :

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# show flow monitor M-IPv6 location 0/0/CPU0 

Cache summary for Flow Monitor M1:
Cache size:                          65535
Current entries:                         3
Flows added:                             4
Flows not added:                         0
Ager Polls:                          68143
  - Active timeout                       0
  - Inactive timeout                     1
  - Immediate                            0
  - TCP FIN flag                         0
  - Emergency aged                       0
  - Counter wrap aged                    0
  - Total                                1
Periodic export:
  - Counter wrap                         0
  - TCP FIN flag                         0
Flows exported                           1

========== Record number: 1 ==========
IPv6SrcAddr           : 2::2 
IPv6DstAddr           : bbbb:bc00:88:e000:: 
BGPDstOrigAS          : 0           
BGPSrcOrigAS          : 0           
BGPNextHopV6          : fe80::232:17ff:fe7e:1ce1                                      
IPv6TC                : 0    
IPv6FlowLabel         : 50686         
IPv6OptHdrs           : 0x0         
IPV6Prot              : 143     
L4SrcPort             : 0         
L4DestPort            : 0         
L4TCPFlags            : 0           
IPV6DstPrfxLen        : 48             
IPV6SrcPrfxLen        : 128             
InputInterface        : Hu0/0/0/10      
OutputInterface       : BE111.1      
ForwardStatus         : Fwd           
FirstSwitched         : 01 18:51:25:797
LastSwitched          : 01 18:51:25:797
ByteCount             : 61004304         
PacketCount           : 113814          
Dir                   : Ing
SamplerID             : 1         
InputVRFID            : default                          
OutputVRFID           : default                          
InnerIPV4SrcAddr      : 0.0.0.0         
InnerIPV4DstAddr      : 0.0.0.0         
InnerIPv6SrcAddr      : ::   
InnerIPv6DstAddr      : ::                                      
InnerL4SrcPort        : 0         
InnerL4DestPort       : 0         
SrcMacAddr            : 00:0c:29:0e:d8:32 
DstMacAddr            : 00:0c:29:0e:d8:3c 
EthType               : 2048 
Dot1qPriority         : 0
Dot1qVlanId           : 2001  
RecordType            : SRv6 L2 Service Record
SRHFlags              : 0x0
SRHTags               : 0x0
SRHSegmentsLeft       : 0
SRHNumSegments        : 0
This example shows the complete recorded data for IPv6 L2-L3 services :

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# show flow monitor M-IPv6 location 0/0/CPU0 

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# show flow monitor MON-MAP-v6 location 0/0/CPU0
Thu Apr 28 11:36:47.622 IST
…
========== Record number: 1 ==========
IPv6SrcAddr           : 151:1::1 
IPv6DstAddr           : ff02::1:ff00:2 
BGPDstOrigAS          : 0           
BGPSrcOrigAS          : 0           
BGPNextHopV6          : ::                                      
IPv6TC                : 224   
IPv6FlowLabel         : 0         
IPv6OptHdrs           : 0x0         
IPV6Prot              : icmpv6     
MinimumTTL            : 255         
MaximumTTL            : 255 
L4SrcPort             : 0   
L4DestPort            : 135    
L4TCPFlags            : 0           
IPV6DstPrfxLen        : 0              
IPV6SrcPrfxLen        : 0              
InputInterface        : BE999.1      
OutputInterface       : 0     
ForwardStatus         : FwdNoFrag           
FirstSwitched         : 01 18:51:25:797
LastSwitched          : 01 18:51:25:797
ByteCount             : 104         
PacketCount           : 1           
Dir                   : Ing
SamplerID             : 1         
InputVRFID            : default                          
OutputVRFID           : default                          
SrcMacAddr            : 00:0c:29:0e:d8:32 
DstMacAddr            : 00:0c:29:0e:d8:3c 
EthType               : 2048    
Dot1qPriority         : 0             
Dot1qVlanId           : 100         
CustVlanId            : 200

BGP community and AS path information elements for IPFIX

BGP community and AS path information elements are IPFIX (NetFlow v10) data elements that

  • enable tagging of network flows with BGP community and AS path values

  • allow users to correlate flow records with BGP path attributes for both communities and autonomous system numbers, and

  • support enhanced flow analysis, troubleshooting, and policy verification.

BGP communities and AS paths

BGP communities are mechanisms that tag routes with additional information, making it easier for network operators to manage routing policies and analyze routing decisions based on BGP attributes.

AS path represents the sequence of autonomous systems a route has traversed, providing insight into the journey of a route across multiple networks and enabling more informed routing decisions.

Table 6. Feature History Table

Feature Name

Release Information

Feature Description

Exported attributes information

The IPFIX (NetFlow v10) export supports two primary BGP attributes:

  • bgpDestinationCommunityList (IE485): Exports a list of BGP community values associated with the destination of each flow.

  • bgpDestinationAsPathList (IE512): Exports the sequence of autonomous systems (AS path) associated with the destination prefix of each flow.

Guidelines for exporting BGP and AS attributes using IPFIX

Requirements for exporting BGP and AS attributes using IPFIX

  • Set the exporter map to IPFIX version to export BGP attributes.

  • Exported list is limited to 32 elements. If a list contains more than 32 elements, it will be truncated, and only the first 32 elements will be exported.

  • Verify BGP attribute export by checking the exported packets at the collector because show commands do not display these changes.

Caution for exporting BGP and AS attributes using IPFIX

  • This export feature is specific to NetFlow v10 (IPFIX).

Configure BGP community and AS path export for IPFIX

Use this procedure when you need to correlate IPFIX traffic records with BGP routing attributes. This is required for advanced traffic analysis, troubleshooting, or policy enforcement use cases

Before you begin

Before starting this procedure, make sure you have completed the necessary prerequisites.

  • Ensure you are running release 25.3.1 or later.

  • Confirm that your platform supports IPFIX and the relevant flow monitor and exporter configurations.

Follow these steps to configure BGP community and AS path export for IPFIX:

Procedure

Step 1

Configure the Flow Monitor Map for IPv4 Recording and Export of BGP Community and AS Path Attributes.

Router# configure
Router(config)# flow monitor-map fmm-test
Router(config-fmm)# record ipv4
Router(config-fmm)# option bgpattr
Router(config-fmm)# exporter fem-test
Router(config-fmm)# exit

Step 2

Verify that your exporter map specifies version ipfix. 

Router(config)# flow exporter-map fem-test
Router(config-fem)# version ipfix
Router(config-fem)# transport udp 2055
Router(config-fem)# source-address 10.0.0.2
Router(config-fem)# destination 10.0.0.1
Router(config-fem)# exit

Step 3

Configure the sample map.

Router(config)# sampler-map fsm-test
Router(config-samplermap)# random 1 out-of 8000
Router(config-samplermap)# exit

Step 4

Apply the flow monitor map to the required interface.

Router(config)# interface FourHundredGigE0/0/0/17
Router(config-if)# flow ipv4 monitor fmm-test sampler fsm-test ingress
Router(config-if)# end

Step 5

Verify BGP community and AS path attribute export.

Router# show run flow monitor-map fmm-test
Fri Aug 29 05:40:58.443 UTC
flow monitor-map fmm-test
 record ipv4
 option bgpattr
 exporter fem-test
!
BGP community and AS path information elements are included in exported IPFIX flow records.

IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) 315

Internet Protocol Flow Information Export (IPFIX) is an IETF standard export protocol (RFC 7011) for sending IP flow information. Cisco NCS 5500 Router supports IPFIX 315 format to export flow information. IPFIX 315 format facilitates sending ‘n’ octets frame information starting from ethernet header till transport header of the traffic flow over the network. IPFIX 315 supports sending variable size packet record with variable payload information such as IPv4, IPv6, MPLS, and Nested packets like OuterIP-GRE-InnerIP and so on. The process includes sampling and exporting the traffic flow information. Along with the ethernet frame information, IPFIX 315 format exports information of incoming and outgoing interface of the sampled packet.

Use hw-module profile netflow ipfix315 location < linecard location > command to enable IPFIX 315.

The information of the packets flowing through a device is used for variety of purpose including network monitoring, capacity planning, traffic management, and so on,


Note

Cisco NCS 5500 Router does not support Netflow version 9 format to export flow information.

Sampling and Exporting Information

You must configure a sampling map to sample the traffic flow information. The sampler map specifies the rate at which packets (one out of n packets) are sampled. The minimun sampling rate is 1 out of 32,000 packets. Not all packets flowing through a device are exported; packets selected as per sampling rate are considered for exporting.

You must configure a sampling map to sample the traffic flow information. The sampler map specifies the rate at which packets (one out of n packets) are sampled.

The size of exported packet is untill and including L4 header.

The below figure IPFIX 315 Export Packet Format shows exported packet information.

Figure 3. IPFIX 315 Export Packet Format

A special cache type called Immediate Aging is used while exporting the packets. Immediate Aging ensures that the flows are exported as soon as they are added to the cache. Use the command cache immediate in flow monitor map configuration to enable Immediate Aging cache type.

IPFIX 315 Implementation Considerations

Here are few key points to consider before implementing IPFIX 315:

  • Supported only in ingress direction.

  • Supported on main interface only. The traffic on all sub-interfaces under the main interface is exported. This applies to releases up to and including IOS-XR software release 7.10.x.

  • Sampling rate for bundles is per member-link and not per bundle interface.

  • The outgoing interface information may not be correct incase of packets that are multicasted or broadcasted on multiple ports.

  • The incoming and outgoing interface will have information of main interface and not the sub-interface even if the packet is routed via sub-interface. Incase of bundles it will point to bundle main interface.

  • IPFIX 315 is not supported on BVI interface.

  • Sampling and exporting of the control packets is not supported.

  • When you configure ipfix315-enable, then you must configure all the ports on that LC with datalinkframesection flow.

  • When the HQoS profile is enabled, Netflow does not give correct Output Interface. DSP is unique for each sub-interface.

  • Netflow on the L2 interface assumes IPv4/IPv6/MPLS traffic, and if the traffic is purely L2 based, then the system ignores that traffic.

  • You must remove all v9 configurations before reloading an LC. Else, with the existing v9 configurations on LC reload, you might encounter a few configuration apply error. Or, flow might be seen on an interface even when apply on interface has failed.

Configuring IPFIX 315

Configuring IPFIX 315 involves:

  1. Configuring Exporter map

  2. Configuring Monitor map

  3. Configuring Sampler map

  4. Enabling IPFIX 315 on a line card

  5. Applying the Monitor map and Sampler map to an interface

Configuring Exporter map 
flow exporter-map ipfix_exp
 version ipfix
 !
 dscp 40
 transport udp 9001
 source Loopback1
 destination 100.10.1.159
!

Note

For options command and its configurations in Exporter Map, see options.

Configuring Monitor map
flow monitor-map ipfix_mon
 record datalinksectiondump
 exporter ipfix_exp
 cache immediate
 cache entries 1000000
 cache timeout rate-limit 1000000
!
Configuring Sampler map
sampler-map ipfix_sm
 random 1 out-of 32000
!

Note

The default cache size is 65535, hence you can configure sampling rate as 1 out of 65535 packets. However the recommended sampling rate is 1 out of 32000 packets.

Enabling IPFIX 315 on a line card
(config)# hw-module profile netflow ipfix315-enable location 0/0/CPU0

You should reload the LC for the changes to take effect.

Applying the Monitor map to an interface
interface HundredGigE 0/0/0/18
        flow datalinkframesection monitor ipfix_mon sampler ipfix_sm ingress
Verification
Use the show flow platform producer statistics location command to display the IPFIX 315 ingress packets flow statistics:
RP/0/RP0/CPU0#show flow platform producer statistics location 0/0/CPU0 
Netflow Platform Producer Counters:
IPv4 Ingress Packets:                        0
IPv4 Egress Packets:                         0
IPv6 Ingress Packets:                        0
IPv6 Egress Packets:                         0
MPLS Ingress Packets:                        0
MPLS Egress Packets:                         0
IPFIX315 Ingress Packets:               630478
IPFIX315 Egress Packets:                     0
Drops (no space):                            0
Drops (other):                               0
Unknown Ingress Packets:                     0
Unknown Egress Packets:                      0
Worker waiting:                           2443
Use the show flow monitor <monitor-map> cache location command to check the flow monitor stats. In this example flow statistics for ipfix_mon monitor map are displayed:
RP/0/RP0/CPU0#show flow monitor ipfix_mon cache location 0/0/CPU0

Cache summary for Flow Monitor ipfix_mon:
Cache size:                          65535
Current entries:                         0
Flows added:                         50399
Flows not added:                         0
Ager Polls:                           2784
  - Active timeout                       0
  - Inactive timeout                     0
  - Immediate                        50399 /*cache type immediate*/
  - TCP FIN flag                         0
  - Emergency aged                       0
  - Counter wrap aged                    0
  - Total                            50399
Periodic export:
  - Counter wrap                         0
  - TCP FIN flag                         0
Flows exported                       50399


Matching entries:                        0

Above example shows that there were 50399 flows added to the cache and exported.

NetFlow Configuration Submodes

In Cisco IOS XR Software, NetFlow map configuration takes place in map-specific submodes. Cisco IOS XR Software supports these NetFlow map configuration submodes:


Note

The Cisco IOS XR Software allows you to issue most commands available under submodes as one single command string from mode. For example, you can issue the record ipv4 command from the flow monitor map configuration submode as follows: 


RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# flow monitor-map fmm
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# record ipv4

Alternatively, you can issue the same command from global configuration mode, as shown in the following example: 


RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# flow monitor-map fmm record ipv4

Flow Monitor Map Configuration Submode

When you issue the flow monitor-map map_name command in mode, the CLI prompt changes to “config-fmm,” indicating that you have entered the flow monitor map configuration submode.

In this sample output, the question mark (?) online help function displays all the commands available under the flow monitor map configuration submode: 


RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# flow monitor-map fmm

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fmm)# ?

cache     Specify flow cache attributes
commit    Commit the configuration changes to running
describe  Describe a command without taking real actions
do        Run an exec command
exit      Exit from this submode
exporter  Specify flow exporter map name
no        Negate a command or set its defaults
record    Specify a flow record map name
show      Show contents of configuration

Flow Exporter Map Configuration Submode

Table 7. Feature History Table

Feature Name

Release Information

Description

sFlow Agent Address Assignment

 Release 7.10.1

Introduced in this release on: NCS 5500 fixed port routers; NCS 5700 fixed port routers; NCS 5500 modular routers (NCS 5500 line cards; NCS 5700 line cards [Mode: Compatibility; Native])

You can now monitor traffic from a specific source by configuring the sFlow agent ID with the specific IPv4 or IPv6 address.

Upon configuration, you can determine the source of the sFlow data.

Earlier, by default, the sFlow agent ID had the source address of the sFlow export packet.

The feature introduces these changes:

CLI

New Command:

Modified Command:

YANG Data Model

When you issue the flow exporter-map fem-name command in mode, the command-line interface (CLI) prompt changes to “config-fem,” indicating that you have entered the flow exporter map configuration submode.

In this sample output, the question mark (?) online help function displays all the commands available under the flow exporter map configuration submode: 


RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# flow exporter-map fem

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fem)# ? 

clear        Clear the uncommitted configuration
clear        Clear the configuration
commit       Commit the configuration changes to running
describe     Describe a command without taking real actions
destination  Export destination configuration
do           Run an exec command
dscp         Specify DSCP value for export packets
exit         Exit from this submode
no           Negate a command or set its defaults
pwd          Commands used to reach current submode
root         Exit to the global configuration mode
router-id    router-id or agent-id configuration
show         Show contents of configuration
source       Source interface
transport    Specify the transport protocol for export packets
version      Specify export version parameters

Note

If you enter the version command, you enter the flow exporter map version configuration submode.


Note

A single flow monitor map can support up to eight exporters.

Flow Exporter Map Version Configuration Submode

When you issue the version v9 command in the flow exporter map configuration submode, the CLI prompt changes to “config-fem-ver,” indicating that you have entered the flow exporter map version configuration submode.

In this sample output, the question mark (?) online help function displays all the commands available under the flow exporter map version configuration submode: 


RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fem)# version v9

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-fem-ver)# ?

commit    Commit the configuration changes to running
describe  Describe a command without taking real actions
do        Run an exec command
exit      Exit from this submode
no        Negate a command or set its defaults
options   Specify export of options template
show      Show contents of configuration
template  Specify template export parameters

Sampler Map Configuration Submode

When you issue the sampler-map map_name command in mode, the CLI prompt changes to “config-sm,” indicating that you have entered the sampler map configuration submode.

In this sample output, the question mark (?) online help function displays all the commands available under the sampler map configuration submode: 


RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# sampler-map fmm

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-sm)# ?
clear     Clear the uncommitted configuration
clear     Clear the configuration
commit    Commit the configuration changes to running
describe  Describe a command without taking real actions
do        Run an exec command
exit      Exit from this submode
no        Negate a command or set its defaults
pwd       Commands used to reach current submode
random    Use random mode for sampling packets
root      Exit to the global configuration mode
show      Show contents of configuration

Enabling the NetFlow BGP Data Export Function

Use the bgp attribute-download command to enable NetFlow BGP routing attribute collection. The routing attributes are then exported. When no routing attributes are collected, zeroes (0) are exported.

When BGP attribute download is enabled, BGP downloads the attribute information for prefixes (community, extended community, and as-path) to the Routing Information Base (RIB) and Forwarding Information Base (FIB). This enables FIB to associate the prefixes with attributes and send the NetFlow statistics along with the associated attributes.

MPLS Flow Monitor with IPv4 and IPv6 Support

Cisco IOS XR Software supports the NetFlow collection of MPLS packets. It also supports the NetFlow collection of MPLS packets carrying IPv4, IPv6, or both IPv4 and IPv6 payloads.

MPLS Cache Reorganization to Support Both IPv4 and IPv6

In Cisco IOS XR Software, at a time, you can have only one MPLS flow monitor running on an interface. If you apply an additional MPLS flow monitor to the interface, the new flow monitor overwrites the existing one.

You can configure the MPLS flow monitor to collect IPv4 fields, IPv6 fields, or IPv4-IPv6 fields. IPv4-IPv6 configuration collects both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses using one MPLS flow monitor. IPv4 configuration collects only IPv4 addresses. IPv6 configuration collects only IPv6 addresses.

The MPLS flow monitor supports up to 1,000,000 cache entries. NetFlow entries include these types of fields:

  • IPv4 fields

  • IPv6 fields

  • MPLS with IPv4 fields

  • MPLS with IPv6 fields

The maximum number of bytes per NetFlow cache entry is as follows:

  • IPv4–88 bytes per entry

  • IPv6–108 bytes per entry

  • MPLS with IPv4 fields–108 bytes per entry

  • MPLS with IPv6 fields–128 bytes per entry


Note

The different types of NetFlow entries are stored in separate caches. Consequently, the number of NetFlow entries on a line card can significantly impact the amount of available memory on the line card. Also, even though the sampling rate for IPv6 is the same as the sampling rate for IPv4, the CPU utilization for IPv6 is higher due to the longer keys used by the IPv6 fields.

MPLS Packets with IPv6 Flows

Table 8. Feature History Table

Feature Name

Release Information

Feature Description
MPLS top label type 4 for BGP Labeled Unicast traffic Release 7.4.1

This feature is an enhancement to how Netflow MPLS records are verified. This feature allows the user to analyze the traffic types by providing more visibility on the granularity of the information. This feature helps you to monitor the traffic data.

This feature introduces the new MPLS label type BGP. This label type is a field in the MPLS label that identifies the control protocol which allocates the top-of-stack label. MPLS label types enable verification of Netflow MPLS records.

The collection of IPv6 flows in MPLS packets is an option. The CPU uses 128 bytes for each IPv6 field. IPv6 flows may contain these types of information:

  • Source IP address

  • Destination IP address

  • Traffic class value

  • Layer 4 protocol number

  • Layer 4 source port number

  • Layer 4 destination port number

  • Flow ID

  • Header option mask

To collect the IPv6 fields in MPLS packets, you must activate the MPLS record type, ipv6-fields by running the record mpls ipv6-fields command. You can also specify the number of labels to be used for aggregation with this command.

Top label type 4 for BGP Labeled Unicast traffic

MPLS packets sampled by the netflow monitor export the label type based on the topmost label type in the netflow cache record. When the topmost record is an explicit NULL, the succeeding label type is accounted.

The Top label type 4 for BGP Labeled Unicast traffic feature is an enhancement to how netflow MPLS records are verified. MPLS label type value 4, which indicates any label associated with BGP or BGP routing, is supported starting from Release 7.4.1. Earlier to this release, the label type was exported as 0, indicating unknown.

This feature provides the user with additional support for analysis of traffic types by providing more visibilty on the granularity of information. This feature provides clearer perspective on data monitoring.

Table 9. Netflow cache record of MPLS label types and values

Value

Description

Supported available

0

 Unknown: The MPLS label type is not known

Yes

1

 TE-MIDPT: Any TE tunnel mid-point or tail label

No

2

Pseudowire: Any PWE3 or Cisco AToM-based label

No

3

VPN: Any label associated with VPN

No

4

 BGP: Any label associated with BGP or BGP routing

Yes

5

LDP: Any label associated with dynamically assigned labels using LDP

Yes

6-255

Unassigned

No
Only label types 0, 4, and 5 are supported. Labels that are not advertised from LDP and BGP are exported as 0, indicating the value as "unknown".

Monitor GTP-U Traffic in 5G Network

Table 10. Feature History Table

Feature Name

Release Information

Feature Description

Monitor GTP-U Traffic in 5G Network

Release 24.2.1

 NCS 5500 fixed port routers; NCS 5700 fixed port routers; NCS 5500 modular routers (NCS 5500 line cards; NCS 5700 line cards [Mode: Compatibility; Native])

You now get a comprehensive view of your 5G network's performance and gain detailed insights into slice utilization, deployed QoS policies, and their impact on traffic. This includes verifying deployed QoS policies, assessing 5G slice mechanisms, and tracking GTP-U endpoints for specific applications. This feature specifically applies to 5G network slicing when the GTP User Plane carries data within the core network and to the radio access network. This is achieved by exporting GTP-U related Information Elements using Netflow and IPFIX records to collectors for analysis.

This feature introduces these changes:

CLI:

Cisco 8000 routers introduces the capability to monitor the performance of GTP-U traffic in 5G networks. This feature utilizes Netflow and IPFIX to collect and analyze traffic data, offering valuable insights into network performance and facilitating effective management of 5G network traffic.

Starting from IOS-XR software release 24.2.1, three new GTP-U related information elements can be gathered in Netflow and IPFIX records for both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic. This advancement allows administrators to optimize the performance and security of their 5G networks.

The newly introduced information elements are as follows:

IE Field

IE Number

GTP_TEID

507

GTP_QFI

509

GTP_SESS_DIR

510

IE number, or Information Element Number, is a unique identifier assigned to specific elements within network communication protocols, facilitating standardized interpretation and management. For more information, refer IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Entities.

Benefits of GTP-U Traffic Monitoring

The following are some of the key benefits of enabling GTP-U traffic monitoring on your router.

  • Monitor Network Slicing: 5G network slicing enables the creation of dedicated virtual networks with specific functionalities. By exporting GTP traffic records, you can conduct detailed analysis of the traffic within each slice, ensuring optimal performance and resource allocation.

  • Flexible Deployment: GTP-U monitoring can be implemented on any network node where the outermost traffic encapsulation utilizes the GTP protocol. This capability can be activated to monitor traffic at various strategic points across the network infrastructure.

  • IPv6 Support for 5G Deployments: With the expansion of 5G networks, there’s an increasing use of IPv6, especially in scenarios where 5G base stations (gNodeBs) connect to User Plane Functions (UPFs) using IPv6. This feature ensures that flow records for such IPv6 GTP-U traffic can be captured and exported effectively.

GTP-U Traffic Record Templates

This section provides you with all the record template options available for monitoring GTP-U traffic.

IPv4-GTP-IPv4 Record

This record captures GTP-U traffic details between IPv4 interfaces, essential for monitoring and optimizing IPv4 5G network performance.

S.No IPFIX NetFlow V9
IE # Field

Size

(Bytes)

 IE # Field

Size

(Bytes)
46 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2
47 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2
48 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2
49 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1
50 198 IN_BYTES_DELTA 8 444 V9_AS_PATH 128
1 2 V9_IN_PKTS 8 2 V9_IN_PKTS 4
2 1 V9_IN_BYTES 8 1 V9_IN_BYTES 4
3 10 V9_INPUT_SNMP 4 10 V9_INPUT_SNMP 4
4 14 V9_OUTPUT_SNMP 4 14 V9_OUTPUT_SNMP 4
5 22 V9_FIRST_SWITCHED 4 22 V9_FIRST_SWITCHED 4
6 21 V9_LAST_SWITCHED 4 21 V9_LAST_SWITCHED 4
7 89 V9_FORWARDING_STATUS 4 89 V9_FORWARDING_STATUS 1
8 61 V9_DIRECTION 1 61 V9_DIRECTION 1
9 302 SELECTOR_ID 4 48 V9_FLOW_SAMPLER_ID 2
10 234 V9_VRF_ID_INPUT 4 234 V9_VRF_ID_INPUT 4
11 235 V9_VRF_ID_OUTPUT 4 235 V9_VRF_ID_OUTPUT 4
12 55 V9_POST_QOS_TOS 1 55 V9_POST_QOS_TOS 1
13 8 V9_IPV4SRCADDR 4 8 V9_IPV4SRCADDR 4
14 12 V9_IPV4DSTADDR 4 12 V9_IPV4DSTADDR 4
15 7 V9_SRC_PORT 2 7 V9_SRC_PORT 2
16 11 V9_DST_PORT 2 11 V9_DST_PORT 2
17 9 V9_SRC_MASK 1 9 V9_SRC_MASK 1
18 13 V9_DST_MASK 1 13 V9_DST_MASK 1
19 4 V9_PROT 1 4 V9_PROT 1
20 6 V9_TCP_FLAGS 2 6 V9_TCP_FLAGS 1
21 5 V9_TOS 1 5 V9_TOS 1
22 52 V9_MIN_TTL 1 52 V9_MIN_TTL 1
23 53 V9_MAX_TTL 1 53 V9_MAX_TTL 1
24 54 V9_IP_IDENT 4 54 V9_IP_IDENT 4
25 197 IPFIX_FRAG_FLAGS 1 197 IPFIX_FRAG_FLAGS 1
26 88 V9_FRAGMENT_OFFSET 2 88 V9_FRAGMENT_OFFSET 2
27 184 IPFIX_TCP_SEQ_NUM 4 184 IPFIX_TCP_SEQ_NUM 4
28 25 V9_MIN_PKT_LEN 8 25 V9_MIN_PKT_LEN 8
29 26 V9_MAX_PKT_LEN 8 26 V9_MAX_PKT_LEN 8
30 503 IPFIX_L4_CHECKSUM 2 503 IPFIX_L4_CHECKSUM 2
31 504 IPFIX_ICMP_8_BYTES 8 504 IPFIX_ICMP_8_BYTES 8
32 507 GTP_TEID 4 507 GTP_TEID 4
33 509 GTP_QFI 1 509 GTP_QFI 1
34 510 GTP_SESS_DIR 1 510 GTP_SESS_DIR 1
35 8 V9_IPV4SRCADDR 4 8 V9_IPV4SRCADDR 4
36 12 V9_IPV4DSTADDR 4 12 V9_IPV4DSTADDR 4
37 5 V9_TOS 1 5 V9_TOS 1
38 16 V9_SRC_AS 4 16 V9_SRC_AS 4
39 17 V9_DST_AS 4 17 V9_DST_AS 4
40 18 V9_BGP_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4 18 V9_BGP_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4
41 63 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16 63 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16
42 15 V9_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4 15 V9_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4
43 62 V9_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16 62 V9_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16
44 56 V9_IN_SRC_MAC 6 56 V9_IN_SRC_MAC 6
45 80 V9_IN_DST_MAC 6 80 V9_IN_DST_MAC 6
46 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2
47 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2
48 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2
49 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1
50 198 IN_BYTES_DELTA 8 444 V9_AS_PATH 128
51 445 V9_STD_COMM 128

IPv4-GTP-IPv6 Record

This record monitors GTP-U traffic that starts in an IPv4 network and transitions into an IPv6 network, aiding in cross-network compatibility analysis.

S.No IPFIX NetFlow V9
IE # Field

Size

(Bytes)

 IE # Field

Size

(Bytes)
1 2 V9_IN_PKTS 8 2 V9_IN_PKTS 4
2 1 V9_IN_BYTES 8 1 V9_IN_BYTES 4
3 10 V9_INPUT_SNMP 4 10 V9_INPUT_SNMP 4
4 14 V9_OUTPUT_SNMP 4 14 V9_OUTPUT_SNMP 4
5 22 V9_FIRST_SWITCHED 4 22 V9_FIRST_SWITCHED 4
6 21 V9_LAST_SWITCHED 4 21 V9_LAST_SWITCHED 4
7 89 V9_FORWARDING_STATUS 4 89 V9_FORWARDING_STATUS 1
8 61 V9_DIRECTION 1 61 V9_DIRECTION 1
9 302 SELECTOR_ID 4 48 V9_FLOW_SAMPLER_ID 2
10 234 V9_VRF_ID_INPUT 4 234 V9_VRF_ID_INPUT 4
11 235 V9_VRF_ID_OUTPUT 4 235 V9_VRF_ID_OUTPUT 4
12 55 V9_POST_QOS_TOS 1 55 V9_POST_QOS_TOS 1
13 27 V9_IPV6_SRC_ADDR 16 27 V9_IPV6_SRC_ADDR 16
14 28 V9_IPV6_DST_ADDR 16 28 V9_IPV6_DST_ADDR 16
15 31 V9_FLOW_LABEL 4 31 V9_FLOW_LABEL 3
16 64 V9_IPV6_OPTION_HEADERS 4 64 V9_IPV6_OPTION_HEADERS 4
17 7 V9_SRC_PORT 2 7 V9_SRC_PORT 2
18 11 V9_DST_PORT 2 11 V9_DST_PORT 2
19 30 V9_IPV6_DST_MASK 1 30 V9_IPV6_DST_MASK 1
20 29 V9_IPV6_SRC_MASK 1 29 V9_IPV6_SRC_MASK 1
21 4 V9_PROT 1 4 V9_PROT 1
22 6 V9_TCP_FLAGS 2 6 V9_TCP_FLAGS 1
23 5 V9_TOS 1 5 V9_TOS 1
24 52 V9_MIN_TTL 1 52 V9_MIN_TTL 1
25 53 V9_MAX_TTL 1 53 V9_MAX_TTL 1
26 54 V9_IP_IDENT 4 54 V9_IP_IDENT 4
27 197 IPFIX_FRAG_FLAGS 1 197 IPFIX_FRAG_FLAGS 1
28 88 V9_FRAGMENT_OFFSET 2 88 V9_FRAGMENT_OFFSET 2
29 184 IPFIX_TCP_SEQ_NUM 4 184 IPFIX_TCP_SEQ_NUM 4
30 25 V9_MIN_PKT_LEN 8 25 V9_MIN_PKT_LEN 8
31 26 V9_MAX_PKT_LEN 8 26 V9_MAX_PKT_LEN 8
32 503 IPFIX_L4_CHECKSUM 2 503 IPFIX_L4_CHECKSUM 2
33 504 IPFIX_ICMP_8_BYTES 8 504 IPFIX_ICMP_8_BYTES 8
34 507 GTP_TEID 4 507 GTP_TEID 4
35 509 GTP_QFI 1 509 GTP_QFI 1
36 510 GTP_SESS_DIR 1 510 GTP_SESS_DIR 1
37 8 V9_IPV4SRCADDR 4 8 V9_IPV4SRCADDR 4
38 12 V9_IPV4DSTADDR 4 12 V9_IPV4DSTADDR 4
39 5 V9_TOS 1 5 V9_TOS 1
40 16 V9_SRC_AS 4 16 V9_SRC_AS 4
41 17 V9_DST_AS 4 17 V9_DST_AS 4
42 18 V9_BGP_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4 18 V9_BGP_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4
43 63 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16 63 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16
44 15 V9_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4 15 V9_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4
45 62 V9_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16 62 V9_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16
46 56 V9_IN_SRC_MAC 6 56 V9_IN_SRC_MAC 6
47 80 V9_IN_DST_MAC 6 80 V9_IN_DST_MAC 6
48 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2
49 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2
50 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2
51 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1
52 198 IN_BYTES_DELTA 8 444 V9_AS_PATH 128
53 445 V9_STD_COMM 128

IPv6-GTP-IPv4 Record

This record monitors GTP-U traffic moving from an IPv6 network to an IPv4 network, ensuring seamless data flow across different network types.

S.No IPFIX NetFlow V9
IE # Field

Size

(Bytes)

 IE # Field

Size

(Bytes)
1 2 V9_IN_PKTS 8 2 V9_IN_PKTS 4
2 1 V9_IN_BYTES 8 1 V9_IN_BYTES 4
3 10 V9_INPUT_SNMP 4 10 V9_INPUT_SNMP 4
4 14 V9_OUTPUT_SNMP 4 14 V9_OUTPUT_SNMP 4
5 21 V9_LAST_SWITCHED 4 21 V9_LAST_SWITCHED 4
6 22 V9_FIRST_SWITCHED 4 22 V9_FIRST_SWITCHED 4
7 89 V9_FORWARDING_STATUS 4 89 V9_FORWARDING_STATUS 1
8 61 V9_DIRECTION 1 61 V9_DIRECTION 1
9 302 SELECTOR_ID 4 48 V9_FLOW_SAMPLER_ID 2
10 234 V9_VRF_ID_INPUT 4 234 V9_VRF_ID_INPUT 4
11 235 V9_VRF_ID_OUTPUT 4 235 V9_VRF_ID_OUTPUT 4
12 55 V9_POST_QOS_TOS 1 55 V9_POST_QOS_TOS 1
13 8 V9_IPV4SRCADDR 4 8 V9_IPV4SRC4ADDR 4
14 12 V9_IPV4DSTADDR 4 12 V9_IPV4DSTADDR 4
15 7 V9_SRC_PORT 2 7 V9_SRC_PORT 2
16 11 V9_DST_PORT 2 11 V9_DST_PORT 2
17 9 V9_SRC_MASK 1 9 V9_SRRC_MASK 1
18 13 V9_DST_MASK 1 13 V9_DST_MASK 1
19 4 V9_PROT 1 4 V9_PROT 1
20 6 V9_TCP_FLAGS 2 6 V9_TCP_FLAGS 1
21 5 V9_TOS 1 5 V9_TOS 1
22 52 V9_MIN_TTL 1 52 V9_MIN_TTL 1
23 53 V9_MAX_TTL 1 53 V9_MAX_TTL 1
24 54 V9_IP_IDENT 4 54 V9_IP_IDENT 4
25 197 IPFIX_FRAG_FLAGS 1 197 IPFIX_FRAG_FLAGS 1
26 88 V9_FRAGMENT_OFFSET 2 88 V9_FRAGMENT_OFFSET 2
27 184 IPFIX_TCP_SEQ_NUM 4 184 IPFIX_TCP_SEQ_NUM 4
28 25 V9_MIN_PKT_LEN 8 25 V9_MIN_PKT_LEN 8
29 26 V9_MAX_PKT_LEN 8 26 V9_MAX_PKT_LEN 8
30 503 IPFIX_L4_CHECKSUM 2 503 IPFIX_L4_CHECKSUM 2
31 504 IPFIX_ICMP_8_BYTES 8 504 IPFIX_ICMP_8_BYTES 8
32 507 GTP_TEID 4 507 GTP_TEID 4
33 509 GTP_QFI 1 509 GTP_QFI 1
34 510 GTP_SESS_DIR 1 510 GTP_SESS_DIR 1
35 27 V9_IPV6_SRC_ADDR 16 27 V9_IPV6_SRC_ADDR 16
36 28 V9_IPV6_DST_ADDR 16 28 V9_IPV6_DST_ADDR 16
37 5 V9_TOS 1 5 V9_TOS 1
38 31 V9_FLOW_LABEL 4 31 V9_FLOW_LABEL 3
39 16 V9_SRC_AS 4 16 V9_SRC_AS 4
40 17 V9_DST_AS 4 17 V9_DST_AS 4
41 18 V9_BGP_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4 18 V9_BGP_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4
42 63 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16 63 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16
43 15 V9_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4 15 V9_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4
44 62 V9_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16 62 V9_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16
45 56 V9_IN_SRC_MAC 6 56 V9_IN_SRC_MAC 6
46 80 V9_IN_DST_MAC 6 80 V9_IN_DST_MAC 6
47 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2
48 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2
49 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2
50 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1
51 198 IN_BYTES_DELTA 8 444 V9_AS_PATH 128
52 445 V9_STD_COMM 128

IPv6-GTP-IPv6 Record

This record provides insights into GTP-U traffic within IPv6 networks, crucial for maintaining the integrity and efficiency of modern 5G infrastructures.

S.No IPFIX NetFlow V9
IE # Field

Size

(Bytes)

 IE # Field

Size

(Bytes)
1 2 V9_IN_PKTS 8 2 V9_IN_PKTS 4
2 1 V9_IN_BYTES 8 1 V9_IN_BYTES 4
3 10 V9_INPUT_SNMP 4 10 V9_INPUT_SNMP 4
4 14 V9_OUTPUT_SNMP 4 14 V9_OUTPUT_SNMP 4
5 21 V9_LAST_SWITCHED 4 21 V9_LAST_SWITCHED 4
6 22 V9_FIRST_SWITCHED 4 22 V9_FIRST_SWITCHED 4
7 89 V9_FORWARDING_STATUS 4 89 V9_FORWARDING_STATUS 1
8 61 V9_DIRECTION 1 61 V9_DIRECTION 1
9 302 SELECTOR_ID 4 48 V9_FLOW_SAMPLER_ID 2
10 234 V9_VRF_ID_INPUT 4 234 V9_VRF_ID_INPUT 4
11 235 V9_VRF_ID_OUTPUT 4 235 V9_VRF_ID_OUTPUT 4
12 55 V9_POST_QOS_TOS 1 55 V9_POS_QOS_TOS 1
13 27 V9_IPV6_SRC_ADDR 16 27 V9_IPV6_SRC_ADDR 16
14 28 V9_IPV6_DST_ADDR 16 28 V9_IPV6_DST_ADDR 16
15 31 V9_FLOW_LABEL 4 31 V9_FLOW_LABEL 3
16 64 V9_IPV6_OPTION_HEADERS 4 64 V9_IPV6_OPTION_HEADERS 4
17 7 V9_SRC_PORT 2 7 V9_SRC_PORT 2
18 11 V9_DST_PORT 2 11 V9_DST_PORT 2
19 30 V9_IPV6_DST_MASK 1 30 V9_IPV6_DST_MASK 1
20 29 V9_IPV6_SRC_MASK 1 29 V9_IPV6_SRC_MASK 1
21 4 V9_PROT 1 4 V9_PROT 1
22 6 V9_TCP_FLAGS 2 6 V9_TCP_FLAGS 1
23 5 V9_TOS 1 5 V9_TOS 1
24 52 V9_MIN_TTL 1 52 V9_MIN_TTL 1
25 53 V9_MAX_TTL 1 53 V9_MAX_TTL 1
26 54 V9_IP_IDENT 4 54 V9_IP_IDENT 4
27 197 IPFIX_FRAG_FLAGS 1 197 IPFIX_FRAG_FLAGS 1
28 88 V9_FRAGMENT_OFFSET 2 88 V9_FRAGMENT_OFFSET 2
29 184 IPFIX_TCP_SEQ_NUM 4 184 IPFIX_TCP_SEQ_NUM 4
30 25 V9_MIN_PKT_LEN 8 25 V9_MIN_PKT_LEN 8
31 26 V9_MAX_PKT_LEN 8 26 V9_MAX_PKT_LEN 8
32 503 IPFIX_L4_CHECKSUM 2 503 IPFIX_L4_CHECKSUM 2
33 504 IPFIX_ICMP_8_BYTES 8 504 IPFIX_ICMP_8_BYTES 8
34 507 GTP_TEID 4 507 GTP_TEID 4
35 509 GTP_QFI 1 509 GTP_QFI 1
36 510 GTP_SESS_DIR 1 510 GTP_SESS_DIR 1
37 27 V9_IPV6_SRC_ADDR 16 27 V9_IPV6_SRC_ADDR 16
38 28 V9_IPV6_DST_ADDR 16 28 V9_IPV6_DST_ADDR 16
39 5 V9_TOS 1 5 V9_TOS 1
40 31 V9_FLOW_LABEL 4 31 V9_FLOW_LABEL 3
41 16 V9_SRC_AS 4 16 V9_SRC_AS 4
42 17 V9_DST_AS 4 17 V9_DST_AS 4
43 18 V9_BGP_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4 18 V9_BGP_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4
44 63 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16 63 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16
45 15 V9_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4 15 V9_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4
46 62 V9_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16 62 V9_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16
47 56 V9_IN_SRC_MAC 6 56 V9_IN_SRC_MAC 6
48 80 V9_IN_DST_MAC 6 80 V9_IN_DST_MAC 6
49 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2
50 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2
51 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2
52 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1
53 198 IN_BYTES_DELTA 8 444 V9_AS_PATH 128
54 445 V9_STD_COMM 128

Extended Template Records

IPv4 Peering Extended Record

This record extends monitoring capabilities to include detailed peering information for IPv4 traffic, enhancing traffic management and security measures.

S.No IPFIX NetFlow V9
IE # Field

Size

(Bytes)

 IE # Field

Size

(Bytes)
1 2 V9_IN_PKTS 8 2 V9_IN_PKTS 4
2 1 V9_IN_BYTES 8 1 V9_IN_BYTES 4
3 8 V9_IPV4SRCADDR 4 8 V9_IPV4SRCADDR 4
4 12 V9_IPV4DSTADDR 4 12 V9_IPV4DSTADDR 4
5 10 V9_INPUT_SNMP 4 10 V9_INPUT_SNMP 4
6 14 V9_OUTPUT_SNMP 4 14 V9_OUTPUT_SNMP 4
7 22 V9_FIRST_SWITCHED 4 22 V9_FIRST_SWITCHED 4
8 21 V9_LAST_SWITCHED 4 21 V9_LAST_SWITCHED 4
9 7 V9_SRC_PORT 2 7 V9_SRC_PORT 2
10 11 V9_DST_PORT 2 11 V9_DST_PORT 2
11 16 V9_SRC_AS 4 16 V9_SRC_AS 4
12 17 V9_DST_AS 4 17 V9_DST_AS 4
13 18 V9_BGP_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4 18 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 4
14 63 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16 63 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16
15 15 V9_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4 15 V9_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4
16 62 V9_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16 62 V9_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16
17 9 V9_SRC_MASK 1 9 V9_SRC_MASK 1
18 13 V9_DST_MASK 1 13 V9_DST_MASK 1
19 4 V9_PROT 1 4 V9_PROT 1
20 6 V9_TCP_FLAGS 2 6 V9_TCP_FLAGS 1
21 5 V9_TOS 1 5 V9_TOS 1
22 55 V9_POST_QOS_TOS 1 55 V9_POST_QOS_TOS 1
23 61 V9_DIRECTION 1 61 V9_DIRECTION 1
24 89 V9_FORWARDING_STATUS 4 89 V9_FORWARDING_STATUS 1
25 302 SELECTOR_ID 4 48 V9_FLOW_SAMPLER_ID 2
26 234 V9_VRF_ID_INPUT 4 234 V9_VRF_ID_INPUT 4
27 235 V9_VRF_ID_OUTPUT 4 235 V9_VRF_ID_OUTPUT 4
28 52 V9_MIN_TTL 1 52 V9_MIN_TTL 1
29 53 V9_MAX_TTL 1 53 V9_MAX_TTL 1
30 54 V9_IP_IDENT 4 54 V9_IP_IDENT 4
31 197 IPFIX_FRAG_FLAGS 1 197 IPFIX_FRAG_FLAGS 1
32 88 V9_FRAGMENT_OFFSET 2 88 V9_FRAGMENT_OFFSET 2
33 184 IPFIX_TCP_SEQ_NUM 4 184 IPFIX_TCP_SEQ_NUM 4
34 25 V9_MIN_PKT_LEN 8 25 V9_MIN_PKT_LEN 8
35 26 V9_MAX_PKT_LEN 8 26 V9_MAX_PKT_LEN 8
36 503 IPFIX_L4_CHECKSUM 2 503 IPFIX_L4_CHECKSUM 2
37 504 IPFIX_ICMP_8_BYTES 8 504 IPFIX_ICMP_8_BYTES 8
38 56 V9_IN_SRC_MAC 6 56 V9_IN_SRC_MAC 6
39 80 V9_IN_DST_MAC 6 80 V9_IN_DST_MAC 6
40 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2
41 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2
42 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2
43 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1
44 198 IN_BYTES_DELTA 8 444 V9_AS_PATH 128
45 445 V9_STD_COMM 128

IPv6 Peering Extended Record

This record offers comprehensive peering data for IPv6 traffic, supporting advanced traffic analysis and network optimization strategies.

S.No IPFIX NetFlow V9
IE # Field

Size

(Bytes)

 IE # Field

Size

(Bytes)
1 2 V9_IN_PKTS 8 2 V9_IN_PKTS 4
2 1 V9_IN_BYTES 8 1 V9_IN_BYTES 4
3 27 V9_IPV6_SRC_ADDR 16 27 V9_IPV6_SRC_ADDR 16
4 28 V9_IPV6_DST_ADDR 16 28 V9_IPV6_DST_ADDR 16
5 10 V9_INPUT_SNMP 4 10 V9_INPUT_SNMP 4
6 14 V9_OUTPUT_SNMP 4 14 V9_OUTPUT_SNMP 4
7 22 V9_FIRST_SWITCHED 4 22 V9_FIRST_SWITCHED 4
8 21 V9_LAST_SWITCHED 4 21 V9_LAST_SWITCHED 4
9 31 V9_FLOW_LABEL 4 31 V9_FLOW_LABEL 3
10 64 V9_IPV6_OPTION_HEADERS 4 64 V9_IPV6_OPTION_HEADERS 4
11 7 V9_SRC_PORT 2 7 V9_SRC_PORT 2
12 11 V9_DST_PORT 2 11 V9_DST_PORT 2
13 16 V9_SRC_AS 4 16 V9_SRC_AS 4
14 17 V9_DST_AS 4 17 V9_DST_AS 4
15 18 V9_BGP_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4 18 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 4
16 63 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16 63 V9_BGP_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16
17 15 V9_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4 15 V9_IPV4_NEXT_HOP 4
18 62 V9_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16 62 V9_IPV6_NEXT_HOP 16
19 30 V9_IPV6_DST_MASK 1 30 V9_IPV6_DST_MASK 1
20 29 V9_IPV6_SRC_MASK 1 29 V9_IPV6_SRC_MASK 1
21 4 V9_PROT 1 4 V9_PROT 1
22 6 V9_TCP_FLAGS 2 6 V9_TCP_FLAGS 1
23 5 V9_TOS 1 5 V9_TOS 1
24 55 V9_POST_QOS_TOS 1 55 V9_POST_QOS_TOS 1
25 61 V9_DIRECTION 1 61 V9_DIRECTION 1
26 89 V9_FORWARDING_STATUS 4 89 V9_FORWARDING_STATUS 1
27 302 SELECTOR_ID 4 48 V9_FLOW_SAMPLER_ID 2
28 234 V9_VRF_ID_INPUT 4 234 V9_VRF_ID_INPUT 4
29 235 V9_VRF_ID_OUTPUT 4 235 V9_VRF_ID_OUTPUT 4
30 52 V9_MIN_TTL 1 52 V9_MIN_TTL 1
31 53 V9_MAX_TTL 1 53 V9_MAX_TTL 1
32 54 V9_IP_IDENT 4 54 V9_IP_IDENT 4
33 197 IPFIX_FRAG_FLAGS 1 197 IPFIX_FRAG_FLAGS 1
34 88 V9_FRAGMENT_OFFSET 2 88 V9_FRAGMENT_OFFSET 2
35 184 IPFIX_TCP_SEQ_NUM 4 184 IPFIX_TCP_SEQ_NUM 4
36 25 V9_MIN_PKT_LEN 8 25 V9_MIN_PKT_LEN 8
37 26 V9_MAX_PKT_LEN 8 26 V9_MAX_PKT_LEN 8
38 503 IPFIX_L4_CHECKSUM 2 503 IPFIX_L4_CHECKSUM 2
39 504 IPFIX_ICMP_8_BYTES 8 504 IPFIX_ICMP_8_BYTES 8
40 56 V9_IN_SRC_MAC 6 56 V9_IN_SRC_MAC 6
41 80 V9_IN_DST_MAC 6 80 V9_IN_DST_MAC 6
42 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2 256 V9_ETH_TYPE 2
43 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2 243 V9_DOT1Q_VLAN_ID 2
44 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2 245 V9_DOT1Q_CUST_VLAN_ID 2
45 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1 244 V9_DOT1Q_PRIORITY 1
46 198 IN_BYTES_DELTA 8 444 V9_AS_PATH 128
47 445 V9_STD_COMM 128

Configure Netflow for GTP-U Traffic Monitoring

Configure a Flow Exporter
Router# configure
Router(config)# flow exporter-map Expo1 
Router(config-fem)# source-address 2001:db8::0003
Router(config-fem)# destination 2001:db8::0002
Router(config-fem)# transport udp 1024
Router(config-fem)# version v9
Router(config-fem-ver)# options interface-table
Router(config-fem-ver)# commit
Router(config-fem-ver)# root
Router(config)#exit

Create a Flow Monitor for GTP-U monitoring


Router(config)#flow monitor-map ipv6
Router(config-fmm)#record ipv6 gtp
Router(config-fmm)#exporter Expo1
Router(config-fmm)#option bgpattr
Router(config-fmm)#cache timeout active 30
Router(config-fmm)#cache timeout inactive 5
Router(config-fmm)#exit

Configure a Flow Sampler

Router(config)# configure
Router(config)# sampler-map fsm1 
Router(config-sm)# random 1 out-of 262144
Router(config)# exit
Router(config)#commit
Router(config)#exit
Router#
Apply a Flow Monitor Map and a Flow Sampler to a physical interface

Router#configure
Router(config)#interface HundredGigE 0/0/0/24
Router(config-if)#flow ipv6 monitor fmm-ipv6 sampler fsm1 ingress 
Router(config-if)#commit
Router(config-if)#root
Router(config)#exit

Running Configuration

View the running configuration


Router# show run

flow exporter-map Expo1
 version v9
  options interface-table
 !
 transport udp 1024
 source-address 2001:db8::3
 destination 2001:db8::2
!         
flow monitor-map fmm-ipv6
 record ipv6
 exporter Expo1
 cache entries 500000
 cache timeout active 60
 cache timeout inactive 20
!         
sampler-map fsm1
 random 1 out-of 262144
!         
       
interface HundredGigE0/0/0/24
 shutdown 
 flow ipv6 monitor fmm-ipv6 sampler fsm1 ingress
!              
end

Verification

Monitoring Cache Record for GTP-U services

In the following example, you can verify the GTP tunnel ID, QoS flow identifier, and GTP session number from the GTPTeid, GTPQFI and GTPSESSDIR field. 

Router#show flow monitor fmm-ipv6 cache format record location 0/0/CPU0 
========== Record number: 1 ==========
RecordType       : GTP Tunneled Record
IPV4SrcAddr      : 0.0.0.0         
IPV4DstAddr      : 0.0.0.0         
IPv6SrcAddr      : 2001:db8:1::1                           
IPv6DstAddr      : 2001:db8:2::2                           
L4SrcPort        : 0         
L4DestPort       : 0         
IPV4Prot         : icmpv6  
IPV4TOS          : 0       
InputInterface   : Gi0/2/0/0      
OutputInterface  : 0              
L4TCPFlags       : 0           
ForwardStatus    : Fwd                 
FirstSwitched    : 00 00:08:59:286
LastSwitched     : 00 00:08:59:286
ByteCount        : 1296        
PacketCount      : 1           
Dir              : Ing
GTPTeid          : 11          
GTPQFI           : 0         
GTPSESSDIR       : 0         
IPv6TC           : 0     
IPv6FlowLabel    : 690680        
MinimumTTL       : 64        
MaximumTTL       : 64        
IPFragFlags      : 0         
IPFragOffset     : 181       
IPIdentification : 0         
IPV6Ident        : 1546089621
L4SequenceNum    : 0         
L4Checksum       : 0         
MinPktLen        : 100       
MaxPktLen        : 100       
ICMPBytes        : 0x8000cf945edf0002    
OuterIPV4SrcAddr : 100.100.100.1   
OuterIPV4DstAddr : 200.200.200.2   
OuterIPv6SrcAddr : ::                                      
OuterIPv6DstAddr : ::                                      
BGPNextHopV4     : 0.0.0.0         
BGPNextHopV6     : ::                                      
BGPSrcOrigAS     : 0           
BGPDstOrigAS     : 0           
IPV4NextHop      : 0.0.0.0         
IPV6NextHop      : ::                                      
SrcMacAddr       : 00:00:3f:11:50:20 
DstMacAddr       : 45:00:00:62:00:00 
EthType          : 2048   
Dot1qPriority    : 0             
Dot1qVlanId      : 0           
CustVlanId       : 0           
InputVRFID       : default                          
OutputVRFID      : default
========== Record number: 2 ==========
RecordType       : GTP Tunneled Record
IPV4SrcAddr      : 192.168.12.2    
IPV4DstAddr      : 192.168.12.1    
IPv6SrcAddr      : ::                                      
IPv6DstAddr      : ::                                      
L4SrcPort        : 0         
L4DestPort       : 0         
IPV4Prot         : icmp    
IPV4TOS          : 0       
InputInterface   : Gi0/2/0/0      
OutputInterface  : 0              
L4TCPFlags       : 0           
ForwardStatus    : Fwd                 
FirstSwitched    : 00 00:08:54:244
LastSwitched     : 00 00:08:54:244
ByteCount        : 64          
PacketCount      : 1           
Dir              : Ing
GTPTeid          : 11          
GTPQFI           : 0         
GTPSESSDIR       : 0         
IPv6TC           : 0     
IPv6FlowLabel    : 0             
MinimumTTL       : 255       
MaximumTTL       : 255       
IPFragFlags      : 0         
IPFragOffset     : 97        
IPIdentification : 4         
IPV6Ident        : 0         
L4SequenceNum    : 0         
L4Checksum       : 0         
MinPktLen        : 100       
MaxPktLen        : 100       
ICMPBytes        : 0xabcdabcdabcdabcd    
OuterIPV4SrcAddr : 100.100.100.1   
OuterIPV4DstAddr : 200.200.200.2   
OuterIPv6SrcAddr : ::                                      
OuterIPv6DstAddr : ::                                      
BGPNextHopV4     : 0.0.0.0         
BGPNextHopV6     : ::                                      
BGPSrcOrigAS     : 0           
BGPDstOrigAS     : 0           
IPV4NextHop      : 0.0.0.0         
IPV6NextHop      : ::                                      
SrcMacAddr       : 00:00:3f:11:50:20 
DstMacAddr       : 45:00:00:62:00:00 
EthType          : 2048   
Dot1qPriority    : 0             
Dot1qVlanId      : 0           
CustVlanId       : 0           
InputVRFID       : default                          
OutputVRFID      : default

Netflow Full Packet Capture

This feature captures the exact packet size of the ingress Netflow packet.

Earlier, when a L2VPN packet with a destination MAC address starting with the number 6 is received, the packet gets wrongly decoded as IPv6 packet; the packet size consequently gets reported inaccurately to the collector.

Configuring Netflow Full Packet Capture

This section describes how to configure Netflow full packet capture feature on the line card location 0/1/cpu0:


Note

You should reload the line card for the changes to take effect.

 
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# hw-module profile netflow fpc-enable location 0/1/cpu0
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# exit
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router # system admin
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(sysadmin)# hw-module reload location 0/1/cpu0  
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(sysadmin)# commit
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(sysadmin)# end

Running Config


config
  hw-module profile netflow fpc-enable location 0/1/cpu0
!
sysadmin
 hw-module reload location 0/1/cpu0 
!