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Configuring Redundant Connections

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Configuring Redundancy

Table Of Contents

Configuring Redundancy

Configuring Fault Tolerance

Configuring HSRP

HSRP Configuration Overview

Creating the HSRP Gateway

Creating Fault-Tolerant HSRP Configurations

Configuring Connection Redundancy

Configuring a Hitless Upgrade


Configuring Redundancy

This chapter describes how to configure redundant connections and contains these sections:

•Configuring Fault Tolerance

•Configuring HSRP

•Configuring Connection Redundancy

•Configuring a Hitless Upgrade

Configuring Fault Tolerance

This section describes a fault-tolerant configuration. In this configuration, two separate Catalyst 6500 series chassis each contain a CSM-S.

Note You can also create a fault-tolerant configuration with two CSM-S modules in a single Catalyst 6500 series chassis. You also can create a fault-tolerant configuration in either the secure (router) mode or nonsecure (bridge) mode.

In the secure (router) mode, the client-side and server-side VLANs provide the fault-tolerant (redundant) connection paths between the CSM-S and the routers on the client side and the servers on the server side. In a redundant configuration, two CSM-S modules perform active and standby roles. Each CSM-S contains the same IP, virtual server, server pool, and real server information. From the client-side and server-side networks, each CSM-S is configured identically. The network sees the fault-tolerant configuration as a single CSM-S.

Note When you configure multiple fault-tolerant CSM-S pairs, do not configure multiple CSM-S pairs to use the same fault-tolerant VLAN. Use a different fault-tolerant VLAN for each fault-tolerant CSM-S pair.

Configuring fault tolerance requires the following:

•Two CSM-S modules that are installed in the Catalyst 6500 series chassis.

•Identically configured CSM-S modules. One CSM-S is configured as the active; the other is configured as the standby.

•Each CSM-S modules connected to the same client-side and server-side VLANs.

•Communication between the CSM-S modules provided by a shared private VLAN.

•A network that sees the redundant CSM-S modules as a single entity.

•Connection redundancy by configuring a link that has a 1-GB per-second capacity. Enable the calendar in the switch Cisco IOS software so that the CSM-S state change gets stamped with the correct time.

The following command enables the calendar: 

Cat6k-2# configure terminal

Cat6k-2(config)# clock timezone WORD offset from UTC

Cat6k-2(config)# clock calendar-valid

Because each CSM-S has a different IP address on the client-side and server-side VLAN, the CSM-S can send health monitor probes (see the "Configuring Probes for Health Monitoring" section) to the network and receive responses. Both the active and standby CSM-S modules send probes while operational. If the passive CSM-S assumes control, it knows the status of the servers because of the probe responses that it has received.

Connection replication supports both non-TCP connections and TCP connections. Enter the replicate csrp {sticky | connection} command in the virtual server mode to configure replication for the CSM-S modules.

Note The default setting for the replicate command is disabled.

To use connection replication for connection redundancy, enter these commands: 

Cat6k-2# configure terminal

Cat6k-2(config)# no ip igmp snooping

You need to enter the no ip igmp snooping command because the replication frame has a multicast type destination MAC with a unicast IP address. When the switch listens to the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to find the multicast group membership and build its multicast forwarding information database (FIB), the switch does not find group members and prunes the multicast table. All multicast frames, from active to standby, are dropped causing erratic results.

If no router is present on the server-side VLAN, then each server's default route points to the aliased IP address.

Figure 9-1 shows how the secure (router) mode fault-tolerant configuration is set up.

Figure 9-1 Fault-Tolerant Configuration

Note The addresses in Figure 9-1 refer to the steps in the following two task tables.

To configure the active (A) CSM-S for fault tolerance, perform this task:

 
Command
Purpose

Step 1  

Router(config-module-csm)# vlan 2 client

Creates the client-side VLAN 2 and enters the SLB VLAN mode1 .

Step 2  

Router(config-slb-vlan-client)# ip addr 
192.158.38.10 255.255.255.0

Assigns the content switching IP address on VLAN 2.

Step 3  

Router(config-slb-vlan-client)# gateway 
192.158.38.20

(Optional) Defines the client-side VLAN gateway for an HSRP-enabled gateway.

Step 4  

Router(config-module-csm)# vserver vip1

Creates a virtual server and enters the SLB vserver mode.

Step 5  

Router(config-slb-vserver)# virtual 
192.158.38.30 tcp www

Creates a virtual IP address.

Step 6  

Router(config-module-csm)# inservice

Enables the server.

Step 7  

Router(config-module-csm)# vlan 3 server

Creates the server-side VLAN 3 and enters the SLB VLAN mode.

Step 8  

Router(config-slb-vlan-server)# ip addr 
192.158.39.10 255.255.255.0

Assigns the CSM-S IP address on VLAN 3.

Step 9  

Router(config-slb-vlan-server)# alias ip 
addr 192.158.39.20 255.255.255.0

Assigns the default route for VLAN 3.

Step 10  

Router(config-slb-vlan-server) vlan 9

Defines VLAN 9 as a fault-tolerant VLAN.

Step 11  

Router(config-module-csm)# ft group 
ft-group-number vlan 9

Creates the content switching active and standby (A/B) group VLAN 9.

Step 12  

Router(config-module-csm)# vlan

Enters the VLAN mode1.

Step 13  

Router(vlan)# vlan 2

Configures a client-side VLAN 22 .

Step 14  

Router(vlan)# vlan 3

Configures a server-side VLAN 3.

Step 15  

Router(vlan)# vlan 9

Configures a fault-tolerant VLAN 9.

Step 16  

Router(vlan)# exit

Enters the exit command to have the configuration take effect.

1 Enter the exit command to leave a mode or submode. Enter the end command to return to the menu's top level.

2 The no form of this command restores the defaults.

To configure the standby (B) CSM-S for fault tolerance, perform this task (see Figure 9-1):

 
Command
Purpose

Step 1  

Router(config-module-csm)# vlan 2 client

Creates the client-side VLAN 2 and enters the SLB VLAN mode1 .

Step 2  

Router(config-slb-vlan-client)# ip addr 
192.158.38.40 255.255.255.0

Assigns the content switching IP address on VLAN 2.

Step 3  

Router(config-slb-vlan-client)# gateway 
192.158.38.20

Defines the client-side VLAN gateway.

Step 4  

Router(config-module-csm)# vserver vip1

Creates a virtual server and enters the SLB virtual server mode.

Step 5  

Router(config-slb-vserver)# virtual 
192.158.38.30 tcp www

Creates a virtual IP address.

Step 6  

Router(config-module-csm)# inservice

Enables the server.

Step 7  

Router(config-module-csm)# vlan 3 server

Creates the server-side VLAN 3 and enters the SLB VLAN mode.

Step 8  

Router(config-slb-vserver)# ip addr 
192.158.39.30 255.255.255.0

Assigns the CSM-S IP address on VLAN 3.

Step 9  

Router(config-slb-vserver)# alias 
192.158.39.20 255.255.255.0

Assigns the default route for VLAN 2.

Step 10  

Router(config-module-csm) vlan 9

Defines VLAN 9 as a fault-tolerant VLAN.

Step 11  

Router(config-module-csm)# ft group 
ft-group-number vlan 9

Creates the CSM-S active and standby (A/B) group VLAN 9.

Step 12  

Router(config-module-csm)# show module csm 
all

Displays the state of the fault-tolerant system.

1 Enter the exit command to leave a mode or submode. Enter the end command to return to the menu's top level.

Configuring HSRP

This section provides an overview of a Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) configuration (see Figure 9-2) and describes how to configure the CSM-S modules with HSRP and CSM-S failover on the Catalyst 6500 series switches.

HSRP Configuration Overview

Figure 9-2 shows that two Catalyst 6500 series switches, Switch 1 and Switch 2, are configured to route from a client-side network (10.100/16) to an internal CSM-S client network (10.6/16, VLAN 136) through an HSRP gateway (10.100.0.1). The configuration shows the following:

•The client-side network is assigned an HSRP group ID of HSRP ID 2.

•The internal CSM-S client network is assigned an HSRP group ID of HSRP ID 1.

Note HSRP group 1 must have tracking turned on so that it can track the client network ports on HSRP group 2. When HSRP group 1 detects any changes in the active state of those ports, it duplicates those changes so that both the HSRP active (Switch 1) and HSRP standby (Switch 2) switches share the same knowledge of the network.

In the example configuration, two CSM-S modules (one in Switch 1 and one in Switch 2) are configured to forward traffic between a client-side and a server-side VLAN:

•Client VLAN 136

Note The client VLAN is actually an internal CSM-S VLAN network; the actual client network is on the other side of the switch.

•Server VLAN 272

The actual servers on the server network (10.5/1) point to the CSM-S server network through an aliased gateway (10.5.0.1), allowing the servers to run a secure subnet.

In the example configuration, an EtherChannel is set up with trunking enabled, allowing traffic on the internal CSM-S client network to travel between the two Catalyst 6500 series switches. The setup is shown in Figure 9-2.

Note EtherChannel protects against a severed link to the active switch and a failure in a non-CSM-S component of the switch. EtherChannel also provides a path between an active CSM-S in one switch and another switch, allowing the CSM-S modules and switches to fail over independently, providing an extra level of fault tolerance.

Figure 9-2 HSRP Configuration

Creating the HSRP Gateway

This section describes how to create an HSRP gateway for the client-side network. The gateway is HSRP ID 2 for the client-side network.

Note In this example, HSRP is set on Fast Ethernet ports 3/6.

To create an HSRP gateway, perform these steps:

Step 1 Configure Switch 1—FT1 (HSRP active) as follows: 

Router(config)# interface FastEthernet3/6

Router(config)# ip address 10.100.0.2 255.255.0.0

Router(config)# standby 2 priority 110 preempt

Router(config)# standby 2 ip 10.100.0.1

Step 2 Configure Switch 2—FT2 (HSRP standby) as follows: 

Router(config)# interface FastEthernet3/6

Router(config)# ip address 10.100.0.3 255.255.0.0

Router(config)# standby 2 priority 100 preempt

Router(config)# standby 2 ip 10.100.0.1

Creating Fault-Tolerant HSRP Configurations

This section describes how to create a fault-tolerant HSRP secure-mode configuration. To create a nonsecure-mode configuration, enter the commands described with these exceptions:

•Assign the same IP address to both the server-side and the client-side VLANs.

•Do not use the alias command to assign a default gateway for the server-side VLAN.

To create fault-tolerant HSRP configurations, perform these steps:

Step 1 Configure VLANs on HSRP FT1 as follows: 

Router(config)# module csm 5

Router(config-module-csm)# vlan 136 client

Router(config-slb-vlan-client)# ip address 10.6.0.245 255.255.0.0

Router(config-slb-vlan-client)# gateway 10.6.0.1

Router(config-slb-vlan-client)# exit


Router(config-module-csm)# vlan 272 server

Router(config-slb-vlan-server)# ip address 10.5.0.2 255.255.0.0

Router(config-slb-vlan-server)# alias 10.5.0.1 255.255.0.0

Router(config-slb-vlan-server)# exit


Router(config-module-csm)# vlan 71


Router(config-module-csm)# ft group 88 vlan 71 

Router(config-slb-ft)# priority 30 

Router(config-slb-ft)# preempt 

Router(config-slb-ft)# exit


Router(config-module-csm)# interface Vlan136

ip address 10.6.0.2 255.255.0.0

standby 1 priority 100 preempt

standby 1 ip 10.6.0.1

standby 1 track Fa3/6 10

Step 2 Configure VLANs on HSRP FT2 as follows: 

Router(config)# module csm 6

Router(config-module-csm)# vlan 136 client

Router(config-slb-vlan-client)# ip address 10.6.0.246 255.255.0.0

Router(config-slb-vlan-client)# gateway 10.6.0.1

Router(config-slb-vlan-client)# exit


Router(config-module-csm)# vlan 272 server

Router(config-slb-vlan-server)# ip address 10.5.0.3 255.255.0.0

Router(config-slb-vlan-server)# alias 10.5.0.1 255.255.0.0

Router(config-slb-vlan-server)# exit


Router(config-module-csm)# vlan 71



Router(config-module-csm)# ft group 88 vlan 71 

Router(config-slb-ft)# priority 20 

Router(config-slb-ft)# preempt 

Router(config-slb-ft)# exit


Router(config-module-csm)# interface Vlan136

ip address 10.6.0.3 255.255.0.0

standby 1 priority 100 preempt

standby 1 ip 10.6.0.1

standby 1 track Fa3/6 10

Note To allow tracking to work, preempt must be on.

Step 3 Configure EtherChannel on both switches as follows: 

Router(console)# interface Port-channel100

Router(console)# switchport

Router(console)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

Router(console)# switchport trunk allowed vlan 136

Note By default, all VLANs are allowed on the port channel.

Step 4 To prevent problems, remove the server and fault-tolerant CSM-S VLANs as follows: 

Router(console)# switchport trunk remove vlan 71

Router(console)# switchport trunk remove vlan 272

Step 5 Add ports to the EtherChannel as follows: 

Router(console)# interface FastEthernet3/25

Router(console)# switchport

Router(console)# channel-group 100 mode on

Configuring Connection Redundancy

Connection redundancy prevents open connections from ceasing to respond when the active CSM-S fails and the standby CSM-S becomes active. With connection redundancy, the active CSM-S replicates forwarding information to the standby CSM-S for each connection that is to remain open when the active CSM-S fails over to the standby CSM-S.

To configure connection redundancy, perform this task:

 
Command
Purpose

Step 1  

Router# configure terminal

Enters router configuration mode.

Step 2  

Router(config)# no ip igmp 
snooping

Removes IGMP snooping from the configuration.

Step 3  

Router(config-module-csm)# 
vserver virtserver-name

Identifies a virtual server and enters the virtual server submode.

Step 4  

Router(config-slb-vserver)# 
virtual ip-address [ip-mask] 
protocol port-number [service 
ftp]

Configures the virtual server attributes.

Step 5  

Router(config-slb-vserver)# 
serverfarm serverfarm-name

Associates a server farm with a virtual server.

Step 6  

Router(config-slb-vserver)# 
sticky duration [group 
group-id] [netmask 
ip-netmask]

Ensures that connections from the same client use the same real server.

Step 7  

Router(config-slb-vserver)# 
replicate csrp sticky

Enables sticky replication.

Step 8  

Router(config-slb-vserver)# 
replicate csrp connection

Enables connection replication.

Step 9  

Router(config-slb-vserver)# 
inservice

Enables the virtual server for load balancing.

Step 10  

Router(config-module-csm)# ft 
group group-id vlan vlanid

Configures fault tolerance and enters the fault-tolerance submode.

Step 11  

Router(config-slb-ft)# 
priority value

Sets the priority of the CSM-S.

Step 12  

Router(config-slb-ft)# 
failover failover-time

Sets the time for a standby CSM-S to wait before becoming an active CSM-S.

Step 13  

Router(config-slb-ft)# 
preempt

Allows a higher priority CSM-S to take control of a fault-tolerant group when it comes online.

This example shows how to set fault tolerance for connection redundancy: 

Router(config-module-csm)# vserver VS_LINUX-TELNET

Router(config-slb-vserver)# virtual 10.6.0.100 tcp telnet	

Router(config-slb-vserver)# serverfarm SF_NONAT

Router(config-slb-vserver)# sticky 100 group 35

Router(config-slb-vserver)# replicate csrp sticky

Router(config-slb-vserver)# replicate csrp connection

Router(config-slb-vserver)# inservice

Router(config-slb-vserver)# exit

Router(config-module-csm)# ft group 90 vlan 111

Router(config-slb-ft)# priority 10

Router(config-slb-ft)# failover 3

Router(config-slb-ft)# preempt

Router(config-slb-ft)# exit

Configuring a Hitless Upgrade

A hitless upgrade allows you to upgrade to a new version without any major service disruption due to the downtime for the upgrade. To configure a hitless upgrade, perform these steps:

Step 1 If you have preempt enabled, turn it off.

Step 2 Perform a write memory on the standby CSM-S.

Step 3 Upgrade the standby CSM-S with the new release, and then reboot the CSM-S.

The standby CSM-S boots as standby with the new release. If you have sticky backup enabled, keep the standby CSM-S in standby mode for at least 5 minutes.

Step 4 Upgrade the active CSM-S.

Step 5 Reboot the active CSM-S.

When the active CSM-S reboots, the standby CSM-S becomes the new active CSM-S and takes over the service responsibility.

Step 6 The rebooted CSM-S comes up as the standby CSM.