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The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an interior gateway protocol (IGP) designed for use in small, homogeneous networks. It is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses broadcast User Datagram Protocol (UDP) data packets to exchange routing information. RIP is documented in RFC 1058.
Using RIP, the switch sends routing information updates (advertisements) every 30 seconds. If a router does not receive an update from another router for 180 seconds or more, it marks the routes served by that router as unusable. If no update is received after 240 seconds, the router removes all routing table entries for the non-updating router.
RIP uses hop counts to rate the value of different routes. The hop count represents the number of routers that can be traversed in a route. A directly connected network has a hopcount of zero. A network with a hop count of 16 is unreachable. This small range (0 to 15) makes RIP unsuitable for large networks.
If the router has a default network path, RIP advertises a route that links the router to the pseudonetwork 0.0.0.0. The 0.0.0.0 network does not exist; RIP treats it as a network to implement the default routing feature. The switch advertises the default network if RIP learned a default, or if the router has a gateway of last resort and RIP is configured with a default metric. RIP sends updates to the interfaces in specified networks. If an interface’s network is not specified, it is not advertised in any RIP update.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) for IPv6 is a distance-vector protocol that uses hop count as a routing metric. It includes support for IPv6 addresses and prefixes, and uses the all-RIP-routers multicast group address FF02::9 as the destination address for RIP update messages.
For information about configuring RIP for IPv6, see the "Configuring RIP for IPv6" section. For more information about RIP for IPv6, see the “Implementing RIP for IPv6” chapter in the Cisco IOS IPv6 Configuration Library on Cisco.com.
Routers connected to broadcast-type IP networks and using distance-vector routing protocols typically use the split-horizon mechanism to reduce the possibility of routing loops. Split horizon blocks information about routes from being advertised by a router on any interface from which that information originated. This feature usually optimizes communication among multiple routers, especially when links are broken.
| Feature | Default Setting |
| Auto summary | Enabled. |
| Default-information originate | Disabled. |
| Defaultmetric | Built-in;automatic metric translations. |
| IPRIP authentication key- chain | No authentication. Authenticationmode: clear text. |
| IPRIP triggered | Disabled |
| IPsplit horizon | Varieswith media. |
| Neighbor | Nonedefined. |
| Network | Nonespecified. |
| Offsetlist | Disabled. |
| Output delay | 0milliseconds. |
| Timersbasic |
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| Validate-update-source | Enabled. |
| Version | ReceivesRIP Version 1 and 2 packets; sends Version 1 packets. |
To configure RIP, you enable RIP routing for a network and optionally configure other parameters. On the switch, RIP configuration commands are ignored until you configure the network number.
| Command or Action | Purpose | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Step 1 |
enable Example: |
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
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Step 2 |
configure terminal Example: |
Enters global configuration mode. |
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Step 3 |
ip routing Example: |
Enables IP routing. (Required only if IP routing is disabled.) |
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Step 4 |
router rip Example: |
Enables a RIP routing process, and enter router configuration mode. |
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Step 5 |
network network number Example: |
Associates a network with a RIP routing process. You can specify multiple network commands. RIP routing updates are sent and received through interfaces only on these networks.
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Step 6 |
neighbor ip-address Example: |
(Optional) Defines a neighboring router with which to exchange routing information. This step allows routing updates from RIP (normally a broadcast protocol) to reach nonbroadcast networks. |
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Step 7 |
offset-list [access-list number | name] {in | out} offset [type number] Example: |
(Optional) Applies an offset list to routing metrics to increase incoming and outgoing metrics to routes learned through RIP. You can limit the offset list with an access list or an interface. |
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Step 8 |
timers basic update invalid holddown flush Example: |
(Optional) Adjusts routing protocol timers. Valid ranges for all timers are 0 to 4294967295 seconds.
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Step 9 |
version {1 | 2} Example: |
(Optional) Configures the switch to receive and send only RIP Version 1 or RIP Version 2 packets. By default, the switch receives Version 1 and 2 but sends only Version 1. You can also use the interface commands ip rip {send | receive} version 1 | 2 | 1 2} to control what versions are used for sending and receiving on interfaces. |
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Step 10 |
no auto summary Example: |
(Optional) Disables automatic summarization. By default, the switch summarizes subprefixes when crossing classful network boundaries. Disable summarization (RIP Version 2 only) to advertise subnet and host routing information to classful network boundaries. |
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Step 11 |
output-delay delay Example: |
(Optional) Adds interpacket delay for RIP updates sent. By default, packets in a multiple-packet RIP update have no delay added between packets. If you are sending packets to a lower-speed device, you can add an interpacket delay in the range of 8 to 50 milliseconds. |
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Step 12 |
end Example: |
Returns to privileged EXEC mode. |
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Step 13 |
show ip protocols Example: |
Verifies your entries. |
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Step 14 |
copy running-config startup-config Example: |
(Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. |
RIP Version 1 does not support authentication. If you are sending and receiving RIP Version 2 packets, you can enable RIP authentication on an interface. The key chain specifies the set of keys that can be used on the interface. If a key chain is not configured, no authentication is performed, not even the default.
The switch supports two modes of authentication on interfaces for which RIP authentication is enabled: plain text and MD5. The default is plain text.
| Command or Action | Purpose | |
|---|---|---|
|
Step 1 |
enable Example: |
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
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Step 2 |
configure terminal Example: |
Enters global configuration mode. |
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Step 3 |
interface interface-id Example: |
Enters interface configuration mode, and specifies the interface to configure. |
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Step 4 |
ip rip authentication key-chain name-of-chain Example: |
Enables RIP authentication. |
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Step 5 |
ip rip authentication mode {text | md5} Example: |
Configures the interface to use plain text authentication (the default) or MD5 digest authentication. |
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Step 6 |
end Example: |
Returns to privileged EXEC mode. |
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Step 7 |
show running-config Example: |
Verifies your entries. |
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Step 8 |
copy running-config startup-config Example: |
(Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. |
Before configuring the switch to run IPv6 RIP, you must enable routing by using the ip routing command in global configuration mode, enable the forwarding of IPv6 packets by using the ipv6 unicast-routing command in global configuration mode, and enable IPv6 on any Layer 3 interfaces on which IPv6 RIP is to be enabled.
For more information about configuring RIP routing for IPv6, see the “Implementing RIP for IPv6” chapter in the Cisco IOS IPv6 Configuration Library on Cisco.com,
| Command or Action | Purpose | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Step 1 |
enable Example: |
Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted. |
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Step 2 |
configure terminal Example: |
Enters global configuration mode. |
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Step 3 |
ipv6 router rip name Example: |
Configures an IPv6 RIP routing process, and enters router configuration mode for the process. |
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Step 4 |
maximum-paths number-paths Example: |
(Optional) Define the maximum number of equal-cost routes that IPv6 RIP can support. The range is from 1 to 32, and the default is 16 routes. |
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Step 5 |
exit Example: |
Returns to global configuration mode. |
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Step 6 |
interface interface-id Example: |
Enters interface configuration mode, and specifies the Layer 3 interface to configure. |
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Step 7 |
ipv6 name enable Example: |
Enables the interface for IPv6 processing. |
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Step 8 |
ipv6 rip name enable Example: |
Enables the specified IPv6 RIP routing process on the interface. |
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Step 9 |
ipv6 rip name default-information {only | originate} Example: |
(Optional) Originates the IPv6 default route (::/0) into the RIP routing process updates sent from the specified interface.
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Step 10 |
end Example: |
Returns to privileged EXEC mode. |
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Step 11 |
Use one of the following:
Example:or |
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Step 12 |
copy running-config startup-config Example: |
(Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. |
 Note |
In general, disabling split horizon is not recommended unless you are certain that your application requires it to properly advertise routes. |
If you want to configure an interface running RIP to advertise a summarized local IP address pool on a network access server for dial-up clients, use the ip summary-address rip interface configuration command.
Note |
If split horizon is enabled, neither autosummary nor interface IP summary addresses are advertised. |
| Command or Action | Purpose | |
|---|---|---|
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Step 1 |
enable Example: |
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
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Step 2 |
configure terminal Example: |
Enters global configuration mode. |
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Step 3 |
interface interface-id Example: |
Enters interface configuration mode, and specifies the Layer 3 interface to configure. |
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Step 4 |
ip address ip-address subnet-mask Example: |
Configures the IP address and IP subnet. |
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Step 5 |
ip summary-address rip ip-network mask Example: |
Configures the IP address to be summarized and the IP network mask. |
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Step 6 |
no ip split horizon Example: |
Disables split horizon on the interface. |
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Step 7 |
end Example: |
Returns to privileged EXEC mode. |
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Step 8 |
show ip interface interface-id Example: |
Verifies your entries. |
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Step 9 |
copy running-config startup-config Example: |
(Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. |
Routers connected to broadcast-type IP networks and using distance-vector routing protocols normally use the split-horizon mechanism to reduce the possibility of routing loops. Split horizon blocks information about routes from being advertised by a router on any interface from which that information originated. This feature can optimize communication among multiple routers, especially when links are broken.
Note |
In general, we do not recommend disabling split horizon unless you are certain that your application requires it to properly advertise routes. |
| Command or Action | Purpose | |
|---|---|---|
|
Step 1 |
enable Example: |
Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted. |
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Step 2 |
configure terminal Example: |
Enters global configuration mode. |
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Step 3 |
interface interface-id Example: |
Enters interface configuration mode, and specifies the interface to configure. |
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Step 4 |
ip address ip-address subnet-mask Example: |
Configures the IP address and IP subnet. |
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Step 5 |
no ip split-horizon Example: |
Disables split horizon on the interface. |
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Step 6 |
end Example: |
Returns to privileged EXEC mode. |
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Step 7 |
show ip interface interface-id Example: |
Verifies your entries. |
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Step 8 |
copy running-config startup-config Example: |
(Optional) Saves your entries in the configuration file. |
The following sections provide configuration examples for RIP.
In this example, the major net is 10.0.0.0. Thesummary address 10.2.0.0 overrides the autosummary address of 10.0.0.0 so that 10.2.0.0 is advertised out interface Gigabit Ethernet port 2, and 10.0.0.0 is not advertised. In the example, if the interface is still in Layer 2 mode (the default), you must enter a no switchport interface configuration command before entering the ip address interface configuration command.
Note |
If split horizon is enabled, neither autosummary nor interface summary addresses (those configured with the ip summary-address rip router configuration command) are advertised. |
Device(config)# router rip
Device(config-router)# interface gigabitethernet1/0/2 Device(config-if)# ip address 10.1.5.1 255.255.255.0
Device(config-if)# ip summary-address rip 10.2.0.0 255.255.0.0
Device(config-if)# no ip split-horizon Device(config-if)# exit Device(config)# router rip
Device(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
Device(config-router)# neighbor 2.2.2.2 peer-group mygroup Device(config-router)# end
This example shows how to enable the RIP routing process cisco with a maximum of eight equal-cost routes and to enable it on an interface:
Device> enable
Device# configure terminal Device(config)# ipv6 router rip cisco Device(config-router)# maximum-paths 8
Device(config)# exit
Device(config)# interface gigabitethernet2/0/11
Device(config-if)# ipv6 rip cisco enable
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