Release Notes for StarOS™ Software Version, Release 2026.02.gh0

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Updated:April 25, 2026

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Updated:April 25, 2026
 

 

StarOS™ Software, Release 2026.02.gh0. 3

New software features. 4

Changes in behavior 5

Resolved issues. 6

Open issues. 8

Known issues. 8

Compatibility. 10

Supported software packages. 11

Related resources. 14

Legal information. 15


 

StarOS™ Software, Release 2026.02.gh0

This Release Notes identifies changes and issues related to the Control and User Plane Separation (CUPS) software release.

The key highlights of this release include:

·     Adjusted S1 handover guard timers to prevent timeout issues and optimize network resources.

·     Supported validation of IRGW on CNDP in Supermicro servers with IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces.

·     Improved reliability and flexibility in charging data handling for P-GW.

·     Ensured dual-stack connection success by anchoring IPv6 sessions to the same User Plane as the HOLD IPv4 session.

·     Implemented additional Real Time Tool (RTT) fields for ePDG S2b interface procedures.

·     Configured RTT monitoring support for specific procedures to optimize CPU, memory, and storage usage.

·     Added support for filtering monitor subscriber commands by specific sessmgr instances for pgw, sgw, saegw, and ggsn.

·     Enabled Gz tariff time replication from Gy buckets to prevent signaling storms in CUPS deployments.

    

For more information about the StarOS product documentation, see the Related resources section.

Qualified products and platforms

Table 1.             Products and platforms qualified in this release

Component

Qualified?

Products

CUPS

Yes

MME

Yes

ePDG

Yes

P-GW

Yes

SAEGW

Yes

SGSN

Yes

Platforms

ASR 5500

No

VPC-DI

Yes

VPC-SI

Yes

Release lifecycle milestones

The following table provides EoL milestones for Cisco StarOS software:

Table 2.             EoL milestone information for StarOS™ Software

Milestone

Date

First Customer Ship (FCS)

23-Apr-2026

End of Life (EoL)

23-Apr-2026

End of Software Maintenance (EoSM)

22-Oct-2027

End of Vulnerability and Security Support (EoVSS)

22-Oct-2027

Last Date of Support (LDoS)

31-Oct-2028

 

These milestones and the intervals between them are defined in the Cisco ASR 5500 and Ultra Packet Core software release lifecycle product bulletin available on cisco.com.

New software features

This section provides a brief description of the new software features introduced in this release.

Table 3.             New software features for StarOS™ Software, Release 2026.02.gh0

Product impact

Feature

Description

Software Reliability

Configurable MME S1 HO guard timer duration

 

 

 

This feature allows the network operator to modify the default hardcoded S1 HO guard timer value of 50 seconds into configurable range between 10 to 50 seconds specifically for the inbound S1 handover procedure over the S10 interface.

This prevents external MME timeout issues and optimizes network resource usage during mobility events.

Command introduced: under MME service configuration mode.  

·       default policy handover s10 guard-timer

·       policy handover s10 guard-timer <guard-timer seconds> - Enter the Guard timer intervals between 10-50 seconds.

Software Reliability

IRGW validation on CNDP

This feature tests and validates the IRGW on CNDP in Supermicro servers with IPv4 and IPv6 interface.

Software Reliability

Delay charging over TLS/QUIC

This feature enables secure delayed charging over TLS/QUIC with improved reliability and flexibility in charging data handling.

Software Reliability

IPv6 Session Affinity

Anchors IPv6 session to the same User Plane (UP) as the HOLD IPv4 session during reassociation, overriding standard UP selection algorithms to ensure dual-stack connections are successful.

Software Reliability

RTT field enhancement

Implementation of additional Real Time Tool (RTT) fields for S2b interface procedures for ePDG.

Software Reliability

Enabling selective RTT measurement for ePDG

This feature allows you to configure/unconfigure RTT measurement for specific procedures.

Commands updated:

 [no] reporting-action event-record procedure command under the epdg-service configuration mode.

By limiting RTT monitoring to only necessary procedures, you optimize CPU, memory, and storage usage.

Software Reliability

Tariff time replication on CUPS

The feature enables replication of Gz tariff time from the Gy bucket. It ensures suppression of Sx Query-URR to prevent signalling storms in CUPS deployments.

Command introduced:

egcdr tariff replicate-ocs-tariff-time-change- This CLI command is configured in Active Charging Service command mode.

Default settings: Disabled-Configuration required to enable

Changes in behavior

This section provides a brief description of the behavior changes introduced in this release.

Table 4.             Behavior changes for StarOS™ Software, Release 2026.02.gh0

Description

Behavior changes

PGW IMSI Suppression during unauthenticated emergency attach messages

[CSCwt19501]

Previous Behavior:
During unauthenticated emergency attach, the PGW forwards both E164 and IMSI to the PCRF with the r8-standard dictionary enabled under the ims-auth service. The Subscription-Id AVPs include:

·       Subscription-Id-Type: END_USER_E164 (0)

·       Subscription-Id-Data: 9890098900

·       Subscription-Id-Type: END_USER_IMSI (1)

·       Subscription-Id-Data: 404005123456788

New Behavior:
PGW behavior aligns with 3GPP specification 23.401. During unauthenticated IMSI reported by the MME through the “CREATE SESSION REQUEST” message,
which is marked with uimsi flag  in Indicator IE. IMSI is suppressed towards the PCRF during unauthenticated emergency attach. The Subscription-Id AVP includes only:

·       Subscription-Id-Type: END_USER_E164 (0)

·       Subscription-Id-Data: 9890098900

Command introduced under the PGW service configuration mode:

subscription-id service-type { closed_rp | ggsn | ha | ipsg | l2tplns | mipv6ha | pdsn | pgw | samog-epdg } { e164 | imsi | nai | lsm-emergency-imei-instead-of-uimsi }

Note: This keyword is configured under the 'ims-auth service' for emergency APNs. It applies only to emergency APNs over TLS/QUIC, providing improved reliability and flexibility for charging data handling.

NOA/NPI is added to the servedMSISDN field in the PGWCDRs

[CSCwt19446]

Previous behavior:

servedMSISDN of the PGWCDR does not contain NOA/NPI

New behavior:

PGWCDRs supports the Nature of Address (NOA) and Numbering Plan Indicator (NOI) parameters aligning with 3GPP TS 29.002. These parameters are used in routing calls and messages to determine how a phone number should be interpreted.

Command introduced:

include-msisdn-noa-npi- Indicates NOA/NPI(0x91) in the PGWCDR MSISDN.

Customer impact: When this include-msisdn-noa-npi CLI is enabled you can have the new behavior visibility.

Colocated gateway selection during EPSFallback for roaming PLMN

[CSCwq14755 ]

 

Previous behavior:

During a Tracking Area Update (TAU) for EPS fallback, roaming subscribers did not utilize the configured co-location or topology criteria for SGW selection.

New behavior:

The gw-selection command within the Call Control Profile configuration mode has been enhanced with the apply-for-roamer option. When this configuration is enabled, roaming subscribers will now undergo SGW selection based on the configured co-location or topology criteria during EPS fallback TAU scenarios.

Customer Impact: The customer will have better control over resource management for roaming subscribers.

ConfD schema compatibility handling [CSCwo47013]

Previous behavior:

During ConfD upgrades, version incompatibilities with persisted schema files could lead to initialization failures and repeated confdmgr crashes; as there was no CLI utility available to clear this data, it was necessary to manually remove the contents of the /mnt/hd-raid/meta/confd directory during the upgrade process to ensure system stability.

New behavior:

A new CLI command, clear confdmgr confd all, has been introduced to clear all persistent ConfD data, which facilitates a clean reinitialization and prevents initialization failures during upgrades.

For more information on the method of procedure, refer to the Upgrade the confd version

 

Resolved issues

This table lists the resolved issues in this specific software release.

Note: This software release may contain bug fixes first introduced in other releases. To see additional information, click the bug ID to access the Cisco Bug Search Tool. To search for a documented Cisco product issue, type in the browser: <bug number> site:cisco.com.

Table 5.        Resolved issues for StarOS™ Software, Release 2026.02.gh0

 Bug ID

Description

Product Found

CSCwt53217

Unauthorized Session Establishment Triggered by Gy CCR-U and RAR Timing Collision

cups-cp

CSCwt65229

Destination Realm AVP missing in CCR-I message after fallback to Local Policy

cups-cp

CSCwf27561

High number of CC category misses

cups-cp

CSCws39624

Sessmgr restart due to Segmentation fault: acsmgr_allocate_cups_sef_info()

cups-cp

CSCwt93437

Combination of PFD Push Enabled and Disabled with two UP groups is not supported

cups-cp

CSCwq07274

Difference in the volume reported in Sx-Volume Measurement and monsub- CALL STATS

cups-up

CSCwq38956

Interfaces are down Post upgrade : 21.28.h14.98513

cups-up

CSCwt36200

Sessmgr restarts due to assertion failure in snx_epdgstubdrv_fsm()

epdg

CSCws50507

Memory leak observed in func mme_db_cache_alloc_non_current_security_context w/ n26

mme

CSCwt66319

Observed sessmgr assert during Outbound Handover to peer MME

mme

CSCwt47887

In a failover scenario, MME does not retry properly to all the recieved RR's from DNS based on priority

mme

CSCwt64846

TAU is rejected post inbound HO when MICR check and decor is enabled

mme

CSCwr32050

Emergency call-garbage value seen in bulkstat and show mme-ser statistics lte-emergency-profile profile-name lte1

mme

CSCwq14755

Colocated gateway selection during EPSFallback for roaming PLMN

mme

CSCwt34638

MME rounding down APN-AMBR value received from ULA before comparing with ctx-resp

mme

CSCwt68720

Observing sessmgr crash for function :: mme_egptc_set_pdn_state in version

mme

CSCwt95240

MFP4.0 April 2026 the build need to support cilium instead of calico. Hitting issues with calico during RCM deployment. Also, rcm ned needs correction to proper 4G CUPS based RCM NED currently its 5G SMI based.

nso-mob-fp

CSCwm96403

Mobility MFP 3.4.3 / CommandSanitizer incorrectly removing configuration from string

nso-mob-fp

CSCws66809

GW is sending CCR-U with charging rule report with cause "Rule-Failure-Code: UNSUCCESSFUL_QOS_VALIDATION"

pdn-gw

CSCws47075

Unable to convert date-time string in the Diameter credit-control-request message processing.

pdn-gw

CSCwt54017

Unexpected S6b Event File Generation on PGW Gateways

pdn-gw

CSCws50662

Assertion failure at diameter/diabase/diabase'

pdn-gw

CSCwt19446

Incorrect MSISDN Encoding: Missing NOA/NPI Octet in PGW-CDRs 3GPP TS 32.298 Compliance

pdn-gw

CSCwt19501

PGW sends the IMSI in the CCR-I message to the PCRF for unauthenticated emergency calls

pdn-gw

CSCwr95955

PGW (VPC) incorrectly charges for Router Solicitation (RS) packets in IPv6 sessions.

pdn-gw

CSCwt51790

Active-charging MBR change after Gx CCR-U

pdn-gw

CSCwt03412

High speed traffic is not reported in CDR and Gy

pdn-gw

CSCws47044

PGW Session Setup Failure: Static IPv4 Address Mismatch for APN "nemo-cust101"

pdn-gw

CSCwt37898

Some of the http flows are not getting accelerated

pdn-gw

CSCws62168

P-CSCF Address Missing in CSRsp When DNS Returns Only CNAME Without Resource Records

pdn-gw

CSCwt54566

Raid not available after standby CF reboot on cnMME

pdn-gw

CSCws05111

sessmgr checkpoint issue observed in osp17 vpcdi after card migration

staros

CSCwt97154

VMware DI platform binary upgrade fails non-hermes to hermes

staros

Open issues

This table lists the open issues in this specific software release.

Note: This software release may contain open bugs first introduced in other releases. To see additional information, click the bug ID to access the Cisco Bug Search Tool. To search for a documented Cisco product issue, type in the browser: <bug number> site:cisco.com.

Table 6.        Open issues for StarOS™ Software, Release 2026.02.gh0

Bug ID

Description

Product Found

CSCwt06603

Context removal & addition leads to incorrect flow creation leading to TCP flows recognized incorrect

cups-cp

CSCwt86456

 Zero volume Usage seen in UNIT_BEFORE_TARIFF_CHANGE in Gy CCR Update while validity Time

cups-cp

CSCwt94942

While Rulebase change CP creates the Static rule URRs causing Gy Replicate functionality

cups-cp

CSCwt30038

sessctrl_handle_mgr_notify_server_list_ipaddr_status_update()

cups-up

CSCwt55278

Multiple TCP connection over X3 interface

cups-up

CSCwt99888

Silent sessctrl restart during booting up of n:m UP after reload/switchover. Crash list not updated

cups-up

CSCwu05660

Valgrind Observations seen for April26 FCS release

cups-up

CSCwt76897

With Firewall enabled in scenario of fragmentation failure all fragmented packets are not reaching to sessmgr

cups-up

CSCwt80226

Vpp is not reassembling the fragmented packets when traffic is sent by pacer

cups-up

CSCwt98942

Multiple sessmgr restart with Assertion failure at diameter/diabase/diabase with acsmgr_mscc_tx_timeout()

pdn-gw

CSCwt76990

WhatsApp calls blocking accuracy problem

pdn-gw

Known issues

This section describes the known issue that may occur during the upgrade of the StarOS image.

Install and Upgrade Notes

This Release Note does not contain general installation and upgrade instructions. Refer to the existing installation documentation for specific installation and upgrade considerations.

Note: Cisco recommends offline upgrade-downgrade for CUPS CP VPC-DI ICSR deployments.

When upgrading the StarOS image from a previous version to the latest version, issues may arise if there is a problem with the Cisco SSH/SSL upgrade. To avoid such issues, ensure that the boot file for Service Function (SF) cards is properly synchronized.

To synchronize the boot file for all the Service Function (SF) VPC-DI non-management cards, use the following CLI command:

[local] host_name# system synchronize boot

This ensures that the changes in boot file are identically maintained across the SF cards.

Note: Execute the system synchronize boot command before reloading for version upgrade from any version earlier than 21.28.mh14 to version 21.28.mh14 or versions higher than 21.28.mh14.

Upgrade the confD version

This section explains upgrading third-party software. Upgrade the confD software to ensure system compatibility and performance.

Note: During the StarOS 2026.02 release, confD is upgraded to 8.6 version.

Prerequisites:

·     Ensure you have appropriate permissions to perform this upgrade.

·     Back up all necessary data and configurations to avoid permanent loss during file deletion.

·     ConfD must be unconfigured (stopped) before running the clear confdmgr confd all CLI command.

 

Perform these steps to upgrade the confD version on the system.

1.     Enter the debug shell using debug shell command.

2.     Navigate to the confD directory.

3.     Run the command: cd /mnt/hd-raid/meta/confd/ to access the directory.

4.     Remove existing files with the command; rm -rf *

-or-

Run the StarOS CLI command clear confdmgr confd all to clear the same confD contents.

Note: The /mnt/hd-raid/meta/confd directory will be empty. After clearing, confD can be started again as required. This clear cli should be used only during ConfD upgrade scenarios and not on each reload or reboot.

All files and subdirectories are deleted, preparing the system for a fresh installation. To preserve data across the Method of Procedure, users with ConfD configured must contact their Cisco account representative.

Method of Procedure (MOP): Upgrade/Downgrade Between Non-Hermes and Hermes Builds

CSCwr80301: HD-RAID Not Ready During Upgrade from Non-Hermes to Hermes

Issue: When upgrading from a non-Hermes (202x.0x.gx) to a Hermes (202x.0x.ghx) build on both Virtualized Packet Core—Distributed Instance (VPC-DI) and Virtualized Packet Core—Single Instance (VPC-SI) platforms, the HD-RAID may not come up as expected.

Workaround: To avoid this hd-raid failure, follow the steps below during the upgrade and downgrade (for example, from 2025.03.g0 to 2025.04.gh0):

1.     Pre-requisite: Back up all files stored in /hd-raid before upgrading from the .mx to .mhx build.

     Note: All data in /hd-raid will be lost during recovery.

2.     Before the upgrade: On the .mx build, run the hd raid clear command.

3.     Reboot and upgrade: Reboot the node to upgrade to the .mhx build.

4.     Perform the CF card migration in case of VPC-DI or Reload the chassis on VPC-SI. Wait for the HD-RAID to recover.

Note: It is recommended to use this Method of Procedure (MOP) for both upgrading and downgrading between .mx and .mhx StarOS builds.

This section describes the known issue that may occur during the upgrade of the StarOS image.

Compatibility

This section provides compatibility information about the StarOS package version, and the hardware and software requirements for the Legacy Gateway and CUPS software release.

Compatible StarOS package version

Table 7.             Release package version information

StarOS packages

Version

Build number

StarOS package

2026.02.gh0

21.28.mh38.100465

 

Compatible software and hardware components

This table lists only the verified basic software and hardware versions. For more information on the verified software versions for the products qualified in this release contact the Cisco account representative.  

Table 8.             Compatibility software and hardware information, Release 2026.02.gh0

Product

Version

ADC P2P Plugin

2.74.gh2.2788

RCM

20260417-160533Z

Note: Use this link to download the RCM package associated with the software.

ESC

6.0.0.55

CVIM

5.0.4

Host OS

RHEL 9.2

RedHat OpenStack

RHOSP 17.1

Intel XL710C NIC Version

Driver version: i40e-2.17.4

Firmware: 7.00 0x80005119 0.385.115

CIMC

4.2 (3)

NSO MFP

4.0

Note: MFP 4.0 includes two OpenStack NED versions: 4.2.33 and 4.2.34. For deployments using Red Hat OpenStack Platform 13, it is recommended to use NED version 4.2.33 due to an API version incompatibility between NED 4.2.34 and OSP 13.

Note: CVIM and ESC versions are qualified as part of 2025.04.0 release.

Supported software packages

This section provides information about the release packages associated with Control, and User Plane Separation (CUPS) software.

Table 9.             Software packages for Release 2026.02.gh0

Software package

Description

NSO

nso-mob-fp-4.0-2026.02.gh0.zip

Contains the signed NSO software image, the signature file, a verification script, the x509 certificate, and a README file containing information on how to use the script to validate the certificate.

VPC companion package

 

companion-vpc-2026.02.gh0.zip

Contains numerous files pertaining to this version of the VPC including SNMP MIBs, RADIUS dictionaries, ORBEM clients. These files pertain to both VPC-DI and VPC-SI, and for trusted and non-trusted build variants.

VPC-DI

qvpc-di-2026.02.gh0.bin.zip

Contains the VPC-DI binary software image that is used to replace a previously deployed image on the flash disk in existing installations.

qvpc-di_T-2026.02.gh0.bin.zip

Contains the trusted VPC-DI binary software image that is used to replace a previously deployed image on the flash disk in existing installations.

qvpc-di-2026.02.gh0.iso.zip

Contains the VPC-DI ISO used for new deployments; a new virtual machine is manually created and configured to boot from a CD image.

qvpc-di_T-2026.02.gh0.iso.zip

Contains the trusted VPC-DI ISO used for new deployments, a new virtual machine is manually created and configured to boot from a CD image.

qvpc-di-template-vmware-2026.02.gh0.zip

Contains the VPC-DI binary software image that is used to on-board the software directly into VMware.

qvpc-di-template-vmware_T-2026.02.gh0.zip

Contains the trusted VPC-DI binary software image that is used to on- board the software directly into VMware.

qvpc-di-template-libvirt-kvm-2026.02.gh0.zip

Contains the same VPC-DI ISO identified above and additional installation files for using it on KVM.

qvpc-di-template-vmware-2026.02.gh0.zip

Contains the VPC-DI binary software image that is used to on-board the software directly into VMware.

qvpc-di-template-libvirt-kvm_T-2026.02.gh0.zip

Contains the same trusted VPC-DI ISO identified above and additional installation files for using it on KVM.

qvpc-di-2026.02.gh0.qcow2.zip

Contains the VPC-DI binary software image in a format that can be loaded directly with KVM using an XML definition file, or with OpenStack.

qvpc-di_T-2026.02.gh0.qcow2.zip

Contains the trusted VPC-DI binary software image in a format that can be loaded directly with KVM using an XML definition file, or with OpenStack.

VPC-SI

intellig3nt_onboarding-2026.02.gh0.zip

Contains the VPC-SI onboarding signature package that is used to replace a previously deployed image on the flash disk in existing installations.

qvpc-si-2026.02.gh0.bin.zip

Contains the VPC-SI binary software image that is used to replace a previously deployed image on the flash disk in existing installations.

qvpc-si_T-2026.02.gh0.bin.zip

Contains the trusted VPC-SI binary software image that is used to replace a previously deployed image on the flash disk in existing installations.

qvpc-si-2026.02.gh0.iso.zip

Contains the VPC-SI ISO used for new deployment. A new virtual machine is manually created and configured to boot from a CD image.

qvpc-si_T-2026.02.gh0.iso.zip

Contains the trusted VPC-SI ISO used for new deployments a new virtual machine is manually created and configured to boot from a CD image.

qvpc-si-template-vmware-2026.02.gh0.zip

Contains the VPC-SI binary software image that is used to on-board the software directly into VMware.

qvpc-si-template-vmware_T-2026.02.gh0.zip

Contains the trusted VPC-SI binary software image that is used to on-board the software directly into VMware.

qvpc-si-template-libvirt-kvm-2026.02.gh0.zip

Contains the same VPC-SI ISO identified above and additional installation files for using it on KVM.

qvpc-si-template-libvirt-kvm_T-2026.02.gh0.zip

Contains the same trusted VPC-SI ISO identified above and additional installation files for using it on KVM.

qvpc-si-2026.02.gh0.qcow2.zip

Contains the VPC-SI binary software image in a format that can be loaded directly with KVM using an XML definition file, or with OpenStack.

qvpc-s3_T-2026.02.gh0.qcow2.zip

Contains the trusted VPC-SI binary software image in a format that can be loaded directly with KVM using an XML definition file, or with OpenStack.

StarOS product version numbering system

The output of the show version command displays detailed information about the version of StarOS currently running on the ASR 5500 or Cisco Virtualized Packet Core platform.

Starting 2024.01.0 release (January 2024), Cisco is transitioning to a new release versioning scheme. The release version is based on the current year and product. Refer to the figure for more details.

Note: During the transition phase, some file names will reflect the new versioning whereas others will refer to the 21.28.x- based naming convention. With the next release, StarOS-related packages will be completely migrated to the new versioning scheme.

Figure 1.           Version numbering for FCS, emergency, and maintenance releases

 

P520#yIS1

Note:      For any clarification, contact your Cisco account representative.

Software integrity verification

To verify the integrity of the software image you have from Cisco, you can validate the SHA512 checksum information against the checksum identified by Cisco for the software. Image checksum information is available through Cisco.com Software Download details. Click Linux and then choose the Software Image Release Version.

To find the checksum, hover the mouse pointer over the software image you have downloaded. At the bottom you find the SHA512 checksum, if you do not see the whole checksum, you can expand it by pressing the "..." at the end.

To validate the information, calculate a SHA512 checksum using the information in the table and verify that it matches the one provided on the software download page. To calculate a SHA512 checksum on your local desktop see the table.

Table 10.          Checksum calculations per operating system

Operating system

SHA512 checksum calculation command examples

Microsoft Windows

Open a command line window and type the following command:

> certutil.exe -hashfile <filename>.<extension> SHA512

Apple MAC

Open a terminal window and type the following command:

$ shasum -a 512 filename.extension

Linux

Open a terminal window and type the following command:

$ sha512sum filename.extension

OR

$ shasum -a 512 filename.extension

Note: filename is the name of the file.

extension is the file extension (for example, .zip or .tgz).

 

If the SHA512 checksum matches, you can be sure that no one has tampered with the software image or the image has not been corrupted during download.

If the SHA512 checksum does not match, we advise you to not attempt upgrading any systems with the corrupted software image. Download the software again and verify the SHA512 checksum again. If there is a constant mismatch, please open a case with the Cisco Technical Assistance Center.

Certificate validation

In 2024.01 and later releases, software images for StarOS, VPC-DI, and VPC-SI, and the companion software packages for StarOS and VPC are signed via x509 certificates. USP ISO images are signed with a GPG key. For more information and instructions on how to validate the certificates, refer to the README file available with the respective software packages.

Related resources

This table provides key resources and links to the support information and essential documentation for StarOS and CUPS products.

Table 11.          Related resources and additional information

Resource

Link

Cisco ASR 5500 documentation

StarOS documentation

Cisco Ultra Packet Core documentation

CUPS documentation

Service request and additional information

Cisco Support

Legal information

Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL: www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third-party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1110R)

Any Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and phone numbers used in this document are not intended to be actual addresses and phone numbers. Any examples, command display output, network topology diagrams, and other figures included in the document are shown for illustrative purposes only. Any use of actual IP addresses or phone numbers in illustrative content is unintentional and coincidental.

© 2026 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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