Table Of Contents
Configuring ISA Support for Prepaid Billing
Prerequisites for ISA Prepaid Billing Support
Restrictions for ISA Prepaid Billing Support
Information About ISA Prepaid Billing Support
Overview of ISA Support for Prepaid Billing
Benefits of ISA Prepaid Billing
How to Configure ISA Support for Prepaid Billing
Configuring RADIUS Attribute Support for ISA Prepaid Billing
Enabling ISA Prepaid Billing in a Service Policy Map
Enabling ISA Prepaid Billing in Service Profile on the AAA Server
Creating an ISA Prepaid Billing Configuration
Redirecting Subscriber Traffic upon Exhaustion of Credit
Configuring L4 Redirection in a Service Policy Map
Applying a Service Policy Map to Subscriber Traffic Upon Exhaustion of Credit
Forwarding Subscriber Traffic Upon Depletion of Quota
Monitoring ISA Prepaid Billing Sessions
Troubleshooting ISA Prepaid Billing Support
Configuration Examples for ISA Prepaid Billing Support
ISA Prepaid Billing Support: Example
ISA Policies for Handling Credit-Exhausted and Quota-Depleted Prepaid Billing Events: Example
Feature Information for ISA Support for Prepaid Billing
Configuring ISA Support for Prepaid Billing
The Intelligent Service Architecture (ISA) is a core set of Cisco IOS components that provide a structured framework in which edge access devices can deliver flexible and scalable services to subscribers. A Cisco device that is running a Cisco IOS image with ISA is called an Intelligent Service Gateway (ISG). ISA prepaid billing support allows an ISG to check a subscriber's available credit to determine whether to allow the subscriber access to a service and how long the access can last. ISA prepaid billing works on a repeated reauthorization model in which fragments of credit, called quotas, are allotted by a prepaid billing server. This model allows a subscriber to be connected to multiple simultaneous prepaid services, each with a different billing rate. ISA supports time- and volume-based prepaid billing.
This module provides information about how to configure ISA support for prepaid billing.
Module History
This module was first published on April 11, 2005, and was last updated April 11, 2005.
Finding Feature Information in This Module
Your Cisco IOS software release may not support all features. To find information about feature support and configuration, use the "Feature Information for ISA Support for Prepaid Billing" section.
Contents
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Prerequisites for ISA Prepaid Billing Support
•
Restrictions for ISA Prepaid Billing Support
•
Information About ISA Prepaid Billing Support
•
How to Configure ISA Support for Prepaid Billing
•
Configuration Examples for ISA Prepaid Billing Support
•
Feature Information for ISA Support for Prepaid Billing
Prerequisites for ISA Prepaid Billing Support
The tasks in this document assume a subscriber session has been created a method of service activation is in place.
Restrictions for ISA Prepaid Billing Support
•
ISA prepaid billing support can only be applied to traffic flows that have been defined by an ISA traffic class.
•
Quotas are measured in seconds for time or bytes for volume. There is no way to change the unit of measure.
•
The volume quota is for combined upstream and downstream traffic.
Information About ISA Prepaid Billing Support
Before you configure support for ISA prepaid billing, you should understand the following concepts:
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Overview of ISA Support for Prepaid Billing
•
Benefits of ISA Prepaid Billing
Overview of ISA Support for Prepaid Billing
ISA prepaid billing support allows an ISG to check the available credit for a subscriber to determine whether to activate the service for the subscriber and how long the session can last. The subscriber's credit is administered by a prepaid billing server as a series of quotas representing either a duration of use (in seconds) or an allowable data volume (in bytes). A quota is an allotment, or fragment, of available credit. Allocating quota in fragments rather than providing all the credit at once enables ISA to support the use of credit for multiple simultaneous prepaid sessions.
ISA uses the RADIUS protocol to facilitate interaction between ISG and external authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) servers and prepaid billing servers. A single device can serve as the AAA server and the billing server.
To obtain the first quota for a session, ISG submits an authorization request to the AAA server. The AAA server contacts the prepaid billing server, which forwards the quota values to the ISG. ISG then monitors the session to track the quota usage. When the quota runs out or a specified limit is reached, ISG performs reauthorization. During reauthorization, the prepaid billing server may provide ISG with an additional quota if there is available credit. If no further quota is provided, ISG will log the user off from the service or perform some other specified action.
When a service is deactivated, the cumulative usage is provided to the prepaid billing server in an Accounting-Stop message.
ISA Prepaid Threshold
By default, the ISG sends reauthorization requests to the billing server when a subscriber's quota is exhausted. ISA prepaid thresholds allow the ISG to send reauthorization requests before a quota is used up. When a prepaid threshold is configured, the ISG sends a reauthorization request to the billing server when the amount of remaining quota is equal to the value of the threshold. Prepaid thresholds can be configured for both time and volume.
For example, if the prepaid threshold is configured for 10 seconds, and the prepaid billing server sends the ISG a quota of 30 seconds, the ISG will send a reauthorization request to the prepaid billing server when the subscriber has used up 20 seconds of the quota and has 10 seconds remaining.
ISA Prepaid Idle Timeout
The ISA prepaid idle timeout can be used to suspend a prepaid service session if no traffic is received for a specified period of time. The ISG keeps the session up during the suspension but releases all quota previously received for the prepaid session. Subsequent traffic on the session will cause the ISG to send a reauthorization request and download a new quota for the session.
ISA Prepaid Tariff Switching
Prepaid tariff switching allows changes in tariffs during the lifetime of a session. Typically, a service provider uses prepaid tariff switching to offer different tariffs to an end user during an active connection; for example, changing a user to a less expensive tariff during off-peak hours.
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Note
The ISG is not involved in computing the billing rate changes that occur at tariff switch points. Billing rate change computations are performed by the prepaid billing server.
ISA supports prepaid tariff switching by using two quotas that correspond to the pre-tariff switch time period and post-tariff switch time period. In the authorization response to the ISG, the prepaid billing server specifies the tariff change time and the quotas for pre-tariff switch and post-tariff switch periods.
The ISG uses the pre-tariff switch quota until the tariff switch occurs. If the pre-tariff switch quota is exhausted (or the threshold is reached) prior to the tariff switch, reathorization occurs as usual. Upon tariff switch, the ISG starts using the post-tariff switch quota for prepaid session monitoring. Reauthorization occurs only when either of these quotas is exhausted, not when a tariff change occurs.
This dual quota approach to accounting for prepaid tariff switching staggers reauthorization requests according to the usage of the subscriber and prevents the billing server from being overwhelmed with reauthorization requests at the time of a tariff switch.
Benefits of ISA Prepaid Billing
Concurrent Prepaid Service Access
The ISA Support for Prepaid Billing feature is capable of supporting concurrent prepaid service access while maintaining the same pool of quota at the prepaid billing server. ISA services can be configured for concurrent or sequential access. Concurrent access allows users to log on to a service while simultaneously connected to other services.
Real-Time Billing
The ISA Support for Prepaid Billing feature allows for real-time billing with maximum flexibility, regardless of the type of service and billing scheme. Users can be billed on a flat rate, air-time, or volume basis.
Redirection Upon Exhaustion of Quota
When a user runs out of quota, the ISG can redirect the user to a portal where the user can replenish the quota without being disconnected from the service.
Returning Residual Quota
The ISG can return residual quota to the billing server from services that a user is logged into but not actively using. The quota that is returned to the billing server can be applied to other services that the user is actively using.
Threshold Values
ISA enables you to configure threshold values that cause prepaid sessions to be reauthorized before the subscriber completely consumes the allotted quota for a service.
Traffic Status During Reauthorization
You can prevent revenue leaks by configuring the ISG to drop connected traffic during reauthorization of a service. The user remains connected to the service and does not need to log in to the service again, but no traffic is forwarded during the reauthorization process. This prevents a user from continuing to use a service for which they have run out of quota while the ISG sends a reauthorization request to the billing server.
Simultaneous Volume-Based and Time-Based Prepaid Billing
ISA supports rating on both time and volume simultaneously for prepaid services. The prepaid billing server may allocate quotas in both time and volume, and the ISG monitors the session on both these parameters. The ISG performs a reauthorization whenever either of these quota types is exhausted.
How to Configure ISA Support for Prepaid Billing
This section documents the following tasks:
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Configuring RADIUS Attribute Support for ISA Prepaid Billing (required)
•
Enabling ISA Prepaid Billing (required)
•
Creating an ISA Prepaid Billing Configuration (optional)
•
Redirecting Subscriber Traffic upon Exhaustion of Credit (optional)
•
Forwarding Subscriber Traffic Upon Depletion of Quota (optional)
•
Monitoring ISA Prepaid Billing Sessions (optional)
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Troubleshooting ISA Prepaid Billing Support (optional)
Configuring RADIUS Attribute Support for ISA Prepaid Billing
Perform this task to enable the ISG to include RADIUS attribute 44 in Access-Request packets and attribute 55 in Accounting-Request packets.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
radius-server attribute 44 include-in-access-req [vrf vrf-name]
4.
radius-server attribute 55 include-in-acct-req
DETAILED STEPS
Enabling ISA Prepaid Billing
Perform one of the following tasks to enable prepaid billing in a service policy map or a remote service profile:
•
Enabling ISA Prepaid Billing in a Service Policy Map
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Enabling ISA Prepaid Billing in Service Profile on the AAA Server
Enabling ISA Prepaid Billing in a Service Policy Map
Perform this task to enable ISA prepaid billing support in a service policy map.
Prerequisites
ISA prepaid billing is enabled in a traffic class within a service policy map. This task assumes that you have defined the traffic class map and associated IP access lists. See the module "Configuring ISA Subscriber Services" for more information.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
policy-map type service policy-map-name
4.
class type traffic class-map-name
5.
prepaid config name-of-configuration
DETAILED STEPS
What to Do Next
You may want to configure a method of activating the service policy map or service profile; for example, control policies can be used to activate services. For more information about methods of service activation, see the module "Configuring ISA Subscriber Services."
Enabling ISA Prepaid Billing in Service Profile on the AAA Server
Perform this task to enable ISA support for prepaid billing in a service profile that is configured on a remote AAA server.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
Add the ISA Traffic Class attribute to the service profile.
2.
Add the ISA Prepaid Billing VSA to the service profile.
DETAILED STEPS
What to Do Next
You may want to configure a method of activating the service policy map or service profile; for example, control policies can be used to activate services. For more information about methods of service activation, see the module "Configuring ISA Subscriber Services."
Creating an ISA Prepaid Billing Configuration
Perform this task to create or modify an ISA prepaid billing parameters configuration. This configuration can be referenced in service profiles or service policy maps in which ISA prepaid support has been enabled.
Note that a default prepaid configuration exists with the following parameters:
subscriber feature prepaid defaultthreshold time 0 secondsthreshold volume 0 bytesmethod-list authorization defaultmethod-list accounting defaultpassword ciscoThe default configuration will not show up in the output of the show running-config command unless you change any one of the parameters.
The parameters of named prepaid configurations are inherited from the default configuration, so if you create a named prepaid configuration and want only one parameter to be different from the default configuration, you have to configure only that parameter.
Prerequisites
This task assumes that AAA method lists, server groups, and servers have been configured. See the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide for more information.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
subscriber feature prepaid {name-of-config | default}
4.
interim-interval number-of-minutes
5.
method-list {accounting | authorization} name-of-method-list
6.
password password
7.
threshold {time number-of-seconds | volume number-of-bytes}
DETAILED STEPS
Redirecting Subscriber Traffic upon Exhaustion of Credit
Service providers often want to offer subscribers an opportunity to recharge their accounts when they have run out of credit for their prepaid services. The tasks in this section enable you to redirect a subscriber's Layer 4 traffic to a specified server when the subscriber has run out of credit.
Before you configure ISA Layer 4 Redirect for exhaustion of credit, you should understand the following concept:
Perform the following tasks to redirect a subscriber's Layer 4 traffic upon exhaustion of credit:
•
Configuring L4 Redirection in a Service Policy Map
•
Applying a Service Policy Map to Subscriber Traffic Upon Exhaustion of Credit
Credit-Exhausted Event
The ISA credit-exhausted event occurs when the prepaid server responds with an Access-Accept packet with a quota value of zero (time or volume) and an idle timeout greater than zero. In this case, the prepaid server has determined for certain that the subscriber does not have enough credit, but the idle timeout provides a grace period in which the subscriber could recharge the account. Typically, a service provider would want to redirect the subscriber's traffic to a web portal where the subscriber could recharge the account. At the end of the idle-timeout interval, the ISG will send a reauthorization request.
The default ISA behavior is to drop subscriber packets when the credit-exhausted event occurs.
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Note
Layer 4 Redirection is one action that a service provider could take when a subscriber has run out of credit. Other actions can be configured instead of or in addition to Layer 4 Redirection.
Configuring L4 Redirection in a Service Policy Map
Perform this task to configure ISA Layer 4 redirection in a service policy map.
The ISA Layer 4 Redirect feature can also be configured in a service profile on a AAA server. For more information about redirecting Layer 4 subscriber traffic, see the module "Redirecting Subscriber Traffic Using ISA Layer 4 Redirect".
Prerequisites
The ISA Layer 4 Redirect feature is configured under a traffic class within the service policy map. This task assumes that you have defined the traffic class map. See the module "Configuring ISA Subscriber Services" for more information.
Traffic can be redirected to a server or server group. If you are redirecting traffic to a server group, this task assumes that the server group has been configured. See the module "Configuring ISA Subscriber Services" for more information about configuring server groups.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
policy-map type service policy-map-name
4.
class type traffic class-name
5.
redirect [list access-list-number] to {group server-group-name | ip ip-address [port port-number]} [duration seconds] [frequency seconds]
DETAILED STEPS
Applying a Service Policy Map to Subscriber Traffic Upon Exhaustion of Credit
Perform this task to configure a control policy that will apply a service to subscriber traffic upon exhaustion of credit.
Prerequisites
If you specify a named control class map, this task assumes that the class map has been configured. See the module "Configuring ISA Control Policies" for information about configuring control class maps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
policy-map type control policy-map-name
4.
class type control {control-class-name | always} event credit-exhausted
5.
action-number service-policy type service policy-map-name
DETAILED STEPS
What to Do Next
Control policies must be applied to a context by using the service-policy type control command.
Forwarding Subscriber Traffic Upon Depletion of Quota
By default, ISA drops subscriber packets when a subscriber's quota has been depleted. This task enables you override the default and forward subscriber traffic when the quota-depleted event occurs.
Before you perform this task you should understand the concept described in the "Quota-Depleted Event" section.
Quota-Depleted Event
A quota-depleted event occurs when a subscriber's quota is exhausted and ISA has not yet received a reauthorization response from the billing server. This event can occur in two situations:
•
When a prepaid threshold is not configured and the subscriber's quota is used up.
•
When a prepaid threshold is configured but the quota is exhausted before the prepaid server responds to the reauthorization request that the ISG sent when the threshold was met.
The quota-depleted event is not necessarily an indication that a subscriber does not have any more credit. The ISG does not know for certain whether the subscriber has any more credit until a reauthorization response is returned from the billing server. For this reason, some service providers may choose to forward subscriber packets upon quota depletion until a reauthorization response is returned.
The default ISG behavior is to drop subscriber packets when a quota-depleted event occurs.
Prerequisites
If you specify a named control class map, this task assumes that the class map has been configured. See the module "Configuring ISA Control Policies" for information about configuring control class maps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
policy-map type control policy-map-name
4.
class type control {control-class-name | always} event quota-depleted
5.
action-number set-param drop-traffic false
DETAILED STEPS
What to Do Next
Control policies must be applied to a context by using the service-policy type control command.
Monitoring ISA Prepaid Billing Sessions
Perform this task to monitor ISA prepaid sessions.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
show subscriber session [detailed] [identifier identifier | uid session-id | username name]
DETAILED STEPS
Troubleshooting ISA Prepaid Billing Support
Perform these steps to troubleshoot ISA prepaid billing support.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
show subscriber session
2.
Make sure service authentication was successful.
3.
Make sure the AAA method list is valid and has been configured.
4.
test aaa
5.
debug subscriber policy prepaid
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Use the show subscriber session command to make sure the service in which prepaid billing support is configured has been activated.
Step 2
If the service requires service authentication, make sure the authentication succeeded.
Step 3
Make sure the AAA method list referred to in the prepaid billing configuration is valid and has been configured with the aaa accounting network command.
Step 4
Use the test aaa command to make sure the AAA server is reachable from the ISG.
Step 5
Use the debug subscriber policy prepaid command to display debug messages about prepaid operation.
Configuration Examples for ISA Prepaid Billing Support
This section contains the following examples:
•
ISA Prepaid Billing Support: Example
•
ISA Policies for Handling Credit-Exhausted and Quota-Depleted Prepaid Billing Events: Example
ISA Prepaid Billing Support: Example
The following example shows ISA prepaid billing support configured with the following parameters:
•
The time threshold is 20 seconds.
•
The volume threshold is 1000 bytes, which is derived from the default prepaid configuration.
•
When the quota-depleted event occurs, ISA will drop subscriber packets until the billing server sends another quota.
•
When the credit-exhausted event occurs, subscriber packets will be redirected to the server group "redirect-sg".
•
The prepaid service is called "mp3" and is configured directly on the router in a service policy map.
•
The AAA method list that will be used for this service to authenticate subscribers is called "cp-mlist". That is the same method list to which the service accounting records will be sent.
•
Prepaid authorization, reauthorization and accounting messages will be sent to the AAA method list called "ap-mlist".
!aaa authorization network default localaaa authorization network ap-mlist group sg2aaa authentication network cp-mlist group sg1aaa accounting network cp-mlist group sg1aaa accounting network ap-mlist group sg2service-policy type control RULEA!class-map type traffic CLASS-ALL!class-map type traffic CLASS-ACL-101match access-group input 101!policy-map type control RULEAclass type control always event credit-exhausted1 service-policy type service redirectprofile!policy-map type service redirectprofileclass type traffic CLASS-ALLredirect to group redirect-sgpolicy-map type service mp3class type traffic CLASS-ACL-101authentication method-list cp-mlistaccounting method-list cp-mlistprepaid conf-prepaidsubscriber feature prepaid conf-prepaidthreshold time 20threshold volume 0method-list accounting ap-mlistmethod-list authorization defaultpassword ciscosubscriber feature prepaid defaultthreshold time 0threshold volume 1000method-list accounting defaultmethod-list authorization defaultpassword ciscoISA Policies for Handling Credit-Exhausted and Quota-Depleted Prepaid Billing Events: Example
In the following example, a single control policy called "RULEA" has been defined to override the ISA prepaid default behavior by forwarding subscriber packets after a quota-depleted event and redirecting subscriber packets after a credit-exhausted event.
!class-map type traffic CLASS-ALL!policy-map type control RULEAclass type control always event quota-depleted1 set-param drop-traffic falseclass type control always event credit-exhausted1 service-policy type service l4redirect!policy-map type service l4redirectclass type traffic CLASS-ALLredirect to group SESM!subscriber feature prepaid conf-prepaidthreshold time 100threshold volume 1000method-list author prepaidlistmethod-list accounting defaultpassword ciscosubscriber feature prepaid defaultthreshold time 0threshold volume 0method-list author defaultmethod-list accounting defaultpassword ciscoAdditional References
The following sections provide references related to ISA support for prepaid billing.
Related Documents
Related Topic Document TitleISA commands
Intelligent Service Architecture Command Reference
AAA configuration tasks
The "Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)" section in the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide, Release 12.2.
AAA commands
The "Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) section in the Cisco IOS Security Command Reference, Release 12.2.
Technical Assistance
Feature Information for ISA Support for Prepaid Billing
Table 13 lists the features in this module and provides links to specific configuration information. Only features that were introduced or modified in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(27)SBA or later appear in the table.
Not all commands may be available in your Cisco IOS software release. For details on when support for specific commands was introduced, see the command reference documents.
If you are looking for information on a feature in this technology that is not documented here, see the "Intelligent Service Architecture Features Roadmap."
Cisco IOS software images are specific to a Cisco IOS software release, a feature set, and a platform. Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco IOS software image support. Access Cisco Feature Navigator at http://www.cisco.com/go/fn. You must have an account on Cisco.com. If you do not have an account or have forgotten your username or password, click Cancel at the login dialog box and follow the instructions that appear.
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Note
Table 13 lists only the Cisco IOS software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given Cisco IOS software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that Cisco IOS software release train also support that feature.
Table 13 Feature Information for ISA Support for Prepaid Billing
Feature Name Releases Feature Configuration InformationISA:Accounting: Prepaid
12.2(27)SBA
ISA prepaid billing support allows an ISG to check a subscriber's available credit to determine whether to allow the subscriber access to a service and how long the access can last. ISA supports time- and volume-based prepaid billing.
The following sections provide information about this feature:
•
Information About ISA Prepaid Billing Support
ISA: Accounting: Tariff Switching
12.(27)SBA
Prepaid tariff switching allows changes in tariffs during the lifetime of a session. ISA supports prepaid tariff switching by using two quotas that correspond to the pre-tariff switch time period and post-tariff switch time period.Tariff switching can also be used between accounting methods, such as switching from prepaid billing to post paid billing.
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Copyright © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
This module first published April 11, 2005. Last updated April 11, 2005.