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本文描述如何配置思科可适应安全工具(ASA), DHCPv6中继代理并且包括那些基本故障排除。在ASA代码版本9.0中及以后, ASA支持
Cisco 建议您了解以下主题:
本文档中的信息根据ASA 5500版本9.1.2。
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始(默认)配置。如果您使用的是真实网络,请确保您已经了解所有命令的潜在影响。
如果了解地址分配不同的说法在IPv6的,帮助您知道DHCPv6中继功能如何在ASA运作。对动态地址分配的Refre在IPv6使用SLAAC和DHCP简介的无状态的地址自动配置(SLAAC)和DHCPv6。
此配置示例描述如何配置ASA作为DHCPv6中继代理。在此配置中,客户端是IPv6客户端连接的接口。 服务器是DHCPv6服务器2001:db8:200:2/64是可及的接口。
这是无状态的DHCPv6中继配置的基本配置在ASA :
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
nameif CLIENT
security-level 100
ipv6 address 2001:db8:100::1/64
ipv6 enable
ipv6 nd other-config-flag
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
nameif SERVER
security-level 0
ipv6 address 2001:db8:200:1/64
ipv6 enable
!
ipv6 dhcprelay server 2001:db8:200:2 inside
ipv6 dhcprelay enable outside
使用无状态的DHCPv6,这是从客户端的数据包流:
ASA截断这些数据包并且包裹他们到DHCP中继格式:
如果启用dhcprelay调试的IPv6并且调试IPv6 dhcp,则相关输出打印对屏幕。此输出从一个工作的方案被采取:
IPv6 DHCP: Received INFORMATION-REQUEST from fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a on CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a (CLIENT)
dst ff02::1:2
type INFORMATION-REQUEST(11), xid 1588088
option ELAPSED-TIME(8), len 2
elapsed-time 0
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option ORO(6), len 6
DNS-SERVERS,DOMAIN-LIST,UNKNOWN
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: Relaying INFORMATION-REQUEST from fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a on CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: Creating relay binding for fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a at interface CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: to 2001:db8:200::2 via 2001:db8:200::2 using SERVER
IPv6 DHCP: Sending RELAY-FORWARD to 2001:db8:200::2 on SERVER
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src 2001:db8:200::1
dst 2001:db8:200::2 (SERVER)
type RELAY-FORWARD(12), hop 0
link 2001:db8:100::1
peer fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a
option RELAY-MSG(9), len 34
type INFORMATION-REQUEST(11), xid 1588088
option ELAPSED-TIME(8), len 2
elapsed-time 0
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option ORO(6), len 6
DNS-SERVERS,DOMAIN-LIST,UNKNOWN
option INTERFACE-ID(18), len 4
0x00000015
IPv6 DHCP: Received RELAY-REPLY from 2001:db8:200::2 on SERVER
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src 2001:db8:200::2 (SERVER)
dst 2001:db8:200::1
type RELAY-REPLY(13), hop 0
link 2001:db8:100::1
peer fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a
option RELAY-MSG(9), len 67
type REPLY(7), xid 1588088
option SERVERID(2), len 10
00030001002414a33c94
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option DNS-SERVERS(23), len 16
2001:db8:1000::1
option DOMAIN-LIST(24), len 11
cisco.com
option INTERFACE-ID(18), len 4
0x00000015
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: Relaying RELAY-REPLY from 2001:db8:200::2 on SERVER
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: relayed msg: REPLY
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: to fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a
IPv6 DHCP: Sending REPLY to fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a on CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src fe80::219:7ff:fe24:2e44
dst fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a (CLIENT)
type REPLY(7), xid 1588088
option SERVERID(2), len 10
00030001002414a33c94
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option DNS-SERVERS(23), len 16
2001:db8:1000::1
option DOMAIN-LIST(24), len 11
cisco.com
在INFORMATION-REQUEST请求包中,客户端仅请求dns-server和域,预计,因为cilent为无状态的DHCPv6配置。
DHCP客户端请求
ASA中继的DHCP请求
从服务器的DHCP回复
转发的回复对客户端
这是有状态的DHCPv6中继配置的基本配置在ASA :
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
nameif CLIENT
security-level 100
ipv6 address 2001:db8:100::1/64
ipv6 enable
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
nameif SERVER
security-level 0
ipv6 address 2001:db8:200:1/64
ipv6 enable
!
ipv6 dhcprelay server 2001:db8:200:2 inside
ipv6 dhcprelay enable outside
使用有状态的DHCPv6,这是从客户端的数据包流:
ASA截断这些数据包并且包裹他们到DHCP中继格式:
IPv6 DHCP: Received SOLICIT from fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a on CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a (CLIENT)
dst ff02::1:2
type SOLICIT(1), xid 2490681
option ELAPSED-TIME(8), len 2
elapsed-time 0
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option ORO(6), len 4
DNS-SERVERS,DOMAIN-LIST
option IA-NA(3), len 12
IAID 0x00040001, T1 0, T2 0
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: Relaying SOLICIT from fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a on CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: Creating relay binding for fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a at interface CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: to 2001:db8:200::2 via 2001:db8:200::2 using SERVER
IPv6 DHCP: Sending RELAY-FORWARD to 2001:db8:200::2 on SERVER
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src 2001:db8:200::1
dst 2001:db8:200::2 (SERVER)
type RELAY-FORWARD(12), hop 0
link 2001:db8:100::1
peer fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a
option RELAY-MSG(9), len 48
type SOLICIT(1), xid 2490681
option ELAPSED-TIME(8), len 2
elapsed-time 0
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option ORO(6), len 4
DNS-SERVERS,DOMAIN-LIST
option IA-NA(3), len 12
IAID 0x00040001, T1 0, T2 0
option INTERFACE-ID(18), len 4
0x00000015
IPv6 DHCP: Received RELAY-REPLY from 2001:db8:200::2 on SERVER
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src 2001:db8:200::2 (SERVER)
dst 2001:db8:200::1
type RELAY-REPLY(13), hop 0
link 2001:db8:100::1
peer fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a
option RELAY-MSG(9), len 111
type ADVERTISE(2), xid 2490681
option SERVERID(2), len 10
00030001002414a33c94
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option IA-NA(3), len 40
IAID 0x00040001, T1 43200, T2 69120
option IAADDR(5), len 24
IPv6 address 2001:db8:300:0:48ae:5f5d:8290:e926
preferred INFINITY, valid INFINITY
option DNS-SERVERS(23), len 16
2001:db8:1000::1
option DOMAIN-LIST(24), len 11
cisco.com
option INTERFACE-ID(18), len 4
0x00000015
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: Relaying RELAY-REPLY from 2001:db8:200::2 on SERVER
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: relayed msg: ADVERTISE
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: to fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a
IPv6 DHCP: Sending ADVERTISE to fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a on CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src fe80::219:7ff:fe24:2e44
dst fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a (CLIENT)
type ADVERTISE(2), xid 2490681
option SERVERID(2), len 10
00030001002414a33c94
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option IA-NA(3), len 40
IAID 0x00040001, T1 43200, T2 69120
option IAADDR(5), len 24
IPv6 address 2001:db8:300:0:48ae:5f5d:8290:e926
preferred INFINITY, valid INFINITY
option DNS-SERVERS(23), len 16
2001:db8:1000::1
option DOMAIN-LIST(24), len 11
cisco.com
IPv6 DHCP: Received REQUEST from fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a on CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a (CLIENT)
dst ff02::1:2
type REQUEST(3), xid 2492842
option ELAPSED-TIME(8), len 2
elapsed-time 0
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option ORO(6), len 4
DNS-SERVERS,DOMAIN-LIST
option SERVERID(2), len 10
00030001002414a33c94
option IA-NA(3), len 40
IAID 0x00040001, T1 0, T2 0
option IAADDR(5), len 24
IPv6 address 2001:db8:300:0:48ae:5f5d:8290:e926
preferred INFINITY, valid INFINITY
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: Relaying REQUEST from fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a on CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: to 2001:db8:200::2 via 2001:db8:200::2 using SERVER
IPv6 DHCP: Sending RELAY-FORWARD to 2001:db8:200::2 on SERVER
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src 2001:db8:200::1
dst 2001:db8:200::2 (SERVER)
type RELAY-FORWARD(12), hop 0
link 2001:db8:100::1
peer fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a
option RELAY-MSG(9), len 90
type REQUEST(3), xid 2492842
option ELAPSED-TIME(8), len 2
elapsed-time 0
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option ORO(6), len 4
DNS-SERVERS,DOMAIN-LIST
option SERVERID(2), len 10
00030001002414a33c94
option IA-NA(3), len 40
IAID 0x00040001, T1 0, T2 0
option IAADDR(5), len 24
IPv6 address 2001:db8:300:0:48ae:5f5d:8290:e926
preferred INFINITY, valid INFINITY
option INTERFACE-ID(18), len 4
0x00000015
IPv6 DHCP: Received RELAY-REPLY from 2001:db8:200::2 on SERVER
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src 2001:db8:200::2 (SERVER)
dst 2001:db8:200::1
type RELAY-REPLY(13), hop 0
link 2001:db8:100::1
peer fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a
option RELAY-MSG(9), len 111
type REPLY(7), xid 2492842
option SERVERID(2), len 10
00030001002414a33c94
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option IA-NA(3), len 40
IAID 0x00040001, T1 43200, T2 69120
option IAADDR(5), len 24
IPv6 address 2001:db8:300:0:48ae:5f5d:8290:e926
preferred INFINITY, valid INFINITY
option DNS-SERVERS(23), len 16
2001:db8:1000::1
option DOMAIN-LIST(24), len 11
cisco.com
option INTERFACE-ID(18), len 4
0x00000015
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: Relaying RELAY-REPLY from 2001:db8:200::2 on SERVER
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: relayed msg: REPLY
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: to fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a
IPv6 DHCP: Sending REPLY to fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a on CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src fe80::219:7ff:fe24:2e44
dst fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a (CLIENT)
type REPLY(7), xid 2492842
option SERVERID(2), len 10
00030001002414a33c94
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option IA-NA(3), len 40
IAID 0x00040001, T1 43200, T2 69120
option IAADDR(5), len 24
IPv6 address 2001:db8:300:0:48ae:5f5d:8290:e926
preferred INFINITY, valid INFINITY
option DNS-SERVERS(23), len 16
2001:db8:1000::1
option DOMAIN-LIST(24), len 11
cisco.com
恳求(1)
DHCPv6客户端传送请求信息为了找出DHCPv6服务器。
ASA中继请求消息。
通告(2)
服务器传送通告信息为了表明为DHCP服务是可用的,以回应从客户端接收的请求消息。
REQUEST (3)
客户端发送Request信息为了要求配置参数,包括IP地址或分配的前缀,从一个特定服务器。
回复(7)
服务器传送包含已分配地址和配置参数以回应请求的回复信息,请求,更新或者重新绑定从客户端接收的消息。服务器传送包含配置参数以回应Information-request消息的回复信息。服务器传送回复信息以回应确认的确认消息或拒绝地址分配到客户端是适当的对客户端连接的链路。服务器传送回复信息为了确认版本的收据或拒绝消息。
确认连接用DHCPv6服务器。
ciscoasa# show ipv6 neighbor
IPv6 Address Age Link-layer Addr State Interface
2001:db8:200::2 0 0024.14a3.3c98 REACH SERVER
确认您收到从客户端的数据包,当它请求IPv6地址。客户端发送的数据包将取决于地址分配设置(即有状态的与无状态)。
当客户端开始DHCPv6进程时,发送路由器恳求消息为了发现IPv6路由器在线状态链路的。它传送组播路由器垦请信息为了提示IPv6路由器响应。在路由器垦请消息的以太网报头,这些字段显示:
在路由器垦请消息的IPv6报头,这些字段显示。
合情合理IPv6路由器发送未经请求的路由器通告消息路由器通告消息由主机包含需的信息为了确定链路前缀、链路最大传输单元(MTU)和特定路由。
ciscoasa(config)# show capture capin detail
fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a.546 > ff02::1:2.547: [udp sum ok] udp 42
[hlim 255] (len 100)---->Request from client
fe80::219:7ff:fe24:2e44.547 > fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a.546: [udp sum ok]
udp 75 [class 0xe0] (len 133, hlim 255)
ciscoasa(config)# show capture capout detail
2 packets captured
1: 12:06:52.700799 2001:db8:200:1.547 > 2001:db8:200:2.547: udp 88
[class 0xe0]---->ASA forwards request to DHCPv6 router
2: 12:06:53.289047 2001:db8:200:2.547 > 2001:db8:200:1.547: udp 121
[class 0xe0]----> Reply from DHCPV6 server.
ciscoasa# show ipv6 dhcprelay binding
1 in use, 1 most used
Client: fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a (CLIENT)
DUID: 00030001c471fe93b516, Timeout in 56 seconds
注意:捆绑由ASA删除在短期之后。这在dhcprelay调试的IPv6被看到。
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: Deleting binding for fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a at interface CLIENT
ciscoasa# show ipv6 dhcprelay statistics
Relay Messages:
SOLICIT 2
ADVERTISE 2
REQUEST 2
CONFIRM 0
RENEW 0
REBIND 0
REPLY 9
RELEASE 1
DECLINE 0
RECONFIGURE 0
INFORMATION-REQUEST 6
RELAY-FORWARD 11
RELAY-REPLY 11
Relay Errors:
Malformed message: 0
Block allocation/duplication failure: 0
Hop count limit exceeded: 0
Forward binding creation failure: 0
Reply binding lookup failure: 0
No output route: 0
Conflict relay server route: 0
Failed to add server input rule: 0
Unit or context is not active: 0
Total Relay Bindings Created: 8
在他们执行使用它为网络后,客户端能发布他们的分配的DHCPv6地址。下一部分显示用在有状态的DHCPv6的地址版本关联的debug输出。
IPv6 DHCP: Received RELEASE from fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a on CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a (CLIENT)
dst ff02::1:2
type RELEASE(8), xid 3180815
option ELAPSED-TIME(8), len 2
elapsed-time 0
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option SERVERID(2), len 10
00030001002414a33c94
option IA-NA(3), len 40
IAID 0x00040001, T1 0, T2 0
option IAADDR(5), len 24
IPv6 address 2001:db8:300:0:48ae:5f5d:8290:e926
preferred INFINITY, valid INFINITY
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: Relaying RELEASE from fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a on CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: Creating relay binding for fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a at interface CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: to 2001:db8:200::2 via 2001:db8:200::2 using SERVER
IPv6 DHCP: Sending RELAY-FORWARD to 2001:db8:200::2 on SERVER
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src 2001:db8:200::1
dst 2001:db8:200::2 (SERVER)
type RELAY-FORWARD(12), hop 0
link 2001:db8:100::1
peer fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a
option RELAY-MSG(9), len 82
type RELEASE(8), xid 3180815
option ELAPSED-TIME(8), len 2
elapsed-time 0
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option SERVERID(2), len 10
00030001002414a33c94
option IA-NA(3), len 40
IAID 0x00040001, T1 0, T2 0
option IAADDR(5), len 24
IPv6 address 2001:db8:300:0:48ae:5f5d:8290:e926
preferred INFINITY, valid INFINITY
option INTERFACE-ID(18), len 4
0x00000015
IPv6 DHCP: Received RELAY-REPLY from 2001:db8:200::2 on SERVER
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src 2001:db8:200::2 (SERVER)
dst 2001:db8:200::1
type RELAY-REPLY(13), hop 0
link 2001:db8:100::1
peer fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a
option RELAY-MSG(9), len 45
type REPLY(7), xid 3180815
option SERVERID(2), len 10
00030001002414a33c94
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option STATUS-CODE(13), len 9
status code SUCCESS(0)
status message: SUCCESS
option INTERFACE-ID(18), len 4
0x00000015
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: Relaying RELAY-REPLY from 2001:db8:200::2 on SERVER
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: relayed msg: REPLY
IPv6 DHCP_RELAY: to fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a
IPv6 DHCP: Sending REPLY to fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a on CLIENT
IPv6 DHCP: detailed packet contents
src fe80::219:7ff:fe24:2e44
dst fe80::c671:feff:fe93:b51a (CLIENT)
type REPLY(7), xid 3180815
option SERVERID(2), len 10
00030001002414a33c94
option CLIENTID(1), len 10
00030001c471fe93b516
option STATUS-CODE(13), len 9
status code SUCCESS(0)
status message: SUCCESS