The following features are supported for host services and applications on Cisco IOS XR software:

• Ping and traceroute—The ping and traceroute commands are convenient, frequently used tools for checking network connectivity and troubleshooting network problems. The ping command determines whether a specific IP address is online by sending out a packet and waiting for a response. The traceroute command provides the path from the source to the remote destination being contacted.

• Domain services—The domain services act as a Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) domain resolver. When an application requires the IP address of a hostname or the hostname of an IP address, the domain services attempt to find the address or hostname by checking the local cache. If there is no address entry in the cache, a Domain Name System (DNS) query is sent to the name server. After the address or hostname is retrieved from the name server, the address or hostname is given to the application.

• File transfer services (FTP, TFTP)—FTP, TFTP clients are implemented as resource managers. The resource managers are mainly used for transferring files to and from a remote host and to place core files on a remote host. See the File System Commands module of the System Management Configuration Guide for the Cisco NCS 6000 Series Router for information on file transfer protocols.

• Cisco Inetd—Cisco Internet services daemon (Cinetd) is similar to UNIX inetd, in that it listens on a well-known port on behalf of the server program. When a service request is received on the port, Cinetd notifies the server program associated with the service request. By default, Cinetd is not configured to listen for any services. Cinetd is enabled by default. See the Interface and Hardware Component Command Reference for Cisco NCS 6000 Series RoutersInterface and Hardware Component Command Reference for Cisco NCS 5000 Series Routers for information on supported Cinetd commands.

Network connectivity tools enable you to check device connectivity by running traceroutes and pinging devices on the network.

Cisco IOS XR software domain services acts as a Berkeley Standard Distribution (BSD) domain resolver. The domain services maintains a local cache of hostname-to-address mappings for use by applications, such as Telnet, and commands, such as ping and traceroute . The local cache speeds the conversion of hostnames to addresses. Two types of entries exist in the local cache: static and dynamic. Entries configured using the domain ipv4 host or domain ipv6 host command are added as static entries, while entries received from the name server are added as dynamic entries.

The name server is used by the World Wide Web (WWW) for translating names of network nodes into addresses. The name server maintains a distributed database that maps hostnames to IP addresses through the DNS protocol from a DNS server. One or more name servers can be specified using the domain name-server command.

When an application needs the IP address of a host or the hostname of an IP address, a remote-procedure call (RPC) is made to the domain services. The domain service looks up the IP address or hostname in the cache, and if the entry is not found, the domain service sends a DNS query to the name server.

You can specify a default domain name that Cisco IOS XR software uses to complete domain name requests. You can also specify either a single domain or a list of domain names. Any IP hostname that does not contain a domain name has the domain name you specify appended to it before being added to the host table. To specify a domain name or names, use either the domain name or domain list command.

It is too costly and inefficient to have a machine that acts only as a server on every network segment. However, when you do not have a server on every segment, your network operations can incur substantial time delays across network segments. You can configure a router to serve as a TFTP server to reduce costs and time delays in your network while allowing you to use your router for its regular functions.

Typically, a router that is configured as a TFTP server provides other routers with system image or router configuration files from its flash memory. You can also configure the router to respond to other types of services requests.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) are implemented as file systems or resource managers. For example, pathnames beginning with tftp:// are handled by the TFTP resource manager.

The file system interface uses URLs to specify the location of a file. URLs commonly specify files or locations on the WWW. However, on Cisco routers, URLs also specify the location of files on the router or remote file servers.

When a router crashes, it can be useful to obtain a copy of the entire memory contents of the router (called a core dump) for your technical support representative to use to identify the cause of the crash. FTP, TFTP can be used to save the core dump to a remote server. See the System Management Configuration Guide for Cisco NCS 6000 Series Routers for information on executing a core dump.

Cisco Internet services process daemon (Cinetd) is a multithreaded server process that is started by the system manager after the system has booted. Cinetd listens for Internet services such as Telnet service, TFTP service, and so on. Whether Cinetd listens for a specific service depends on the router configuration. For example, when the tftp server command is entered, Cinetd starts listening for the TFTP service. When a request arrives, Cinetd runs the server program associated with the service.

Enabling Telnet allows inbound Telnet connections into a networking device.

1.    ping [ipv4 | ipv6] [host-name | ip-address]

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# ping

1.    ping bulk ipv4 [ input cli { batch | inline }]

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# ping bulk ipv4 input cli

1.    traceroute [ipv4 | ipv6] [host-name | ip-address]

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# traceroute

1.    configure


2.    Do one of the following:

• domain name domain-name
• or
• domain list domain-name

3.    domain name-server server-address


4.    domain {ipv4 | ipv6} host host-name {ipv4address | ipv6address}


5.    commit

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# domain name cisco.com
or 
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# domain list domain1.com

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# domain name-server 192.168.1.111

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# domain ipv4 host1 192.168.7.18

This task allows you to configure the router as a TFTP server so other devices acting as TFTP clients are able to read and write files from and to the router under a specific directory, such as slot0:, /tmp, and so on (TFTP home directory).

Note	For security reasons, the TFTP server requires that a file must already exist for a write request to succeed.

1.    configure


2.   


3.    commit


4.    show cinetd services

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# tftp ipv4 server homedir /tmp access-list listA homedir disk0

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# show cinetd services

1.    configure


2.    ftp client passive


3.    ftp client anonymous-password password


4.    ftp client source-interface type interface-path-id


5.    commit

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# ftp client passive

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# ftp client anonymous-password xxxx

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# ftp client source-interface HundredGigE 0/1/2/1

Troubleshooting Tips

When using FTP to copy any file from a source to a destination, use the following path format:

copy ftp
://
username:password
@
{
hostname
 | 
ipaddress
}/
directory-path
/
pie-name target-device
 

When using an IPv6 FTP server, use the following path format:

copy ftp
:
//username
:
password
@
[ipv6-address]/
directory-path
/
pie-name

If unsafe or reserved characters appear in the username, password, hostname, and so on, they have to be encoded (RFC 1738).

The following characters are unsafe:

“<“, “>”, “#”, “%” “{“, “}”, “|”, “＾”, “~”, “[“, “]”, and “‘”

The following characters are reserved:

“:”, “/” “?”, “:”, “@”, and “&”

The directory-path is a relative path to the home directory of the user. The slash (/) has to be encoded as %2f to specify the absolute path. For example:

ftp://user:password@hostname/%2fTFTPboot/directory/pie-name

See the copy command in the System Management Command Reference for Cisco NCS 6000 Series Routers for detailed information on using FTP protocol with the copy command.

1.    configure


2.    tftp client source-interface type


3.    commit

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# tftp client source-interface HundredGigE 1/0/2/1

Troubleshooting Tips

When using TFTP to copy any file from a source to a destination, use the following path format:

copy tftp
://{
hostname
 | 
ipaddress
}/
directory-path
/
pie-name target-device 

When using an IPv6 TFTP server, use the following path format:

copy tftp
:
//
[ipv6-address]/
directory-path
/
pie-name

See the copy command in the System Management Command Reference for Cisco NCS 6000 Series Routers for detailed information on using TFTP protocol with the copy command.

1.    configure


2.    telnet [ipv4 | ipv6 | ] server max-servers 1


3.    commit

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# telnet ipv4 server max-servers 1