Table of Contents

Release Notes for Cisco IOS Release 11.2(3) Software Feature Packs—Cisco 4500 and 4700 Routers

March 17, 1997

These release notes identify the Cisco Internetwork Operating System (Cisco IOS) Release 11.2 feature packs for Cisco 4500 and 4700 routers (Cisco and CiscoPro models).

Product numbers for the supported feature packs are as follows:

• CD45-C-11.2= (Cisco 4500/4700 IP Feature Pack)
  
  
• CD45-CP-11.2= (Cisco 4500/4700 IP Plus Feature Pack)
  
  
• CD45-CW-11.2= (Cisco 4500/4700 IP Plus 40 Feature Pack)
  
  
• CD45-CY-11.2= (Cisco 4500/4700 IP Plus 56 Feature Pack)
  
  
• CD45-B-11.2= (Cisco 4500/4700 IP/IPX/AT/DEC Feature Pack)
  
  
• CD45-BP-11.2= (Cisco 4500/4700 IP/IPX/AT/DEC Plus Feature Pack)
  
  
• CD45-BW-11-2= (Cisco 4500/4700 IP/IPX/AT/DEC Plus 40 Feature Pack)
  
  
• CD45-BY-11.2= (Cisco 4500/4700 IP/IPX/AT/DEC Plus 56 Feature Pack)
  
  
• CD45-A-11.2= (Cisco 4500/4700 Enterprise Feature Pack)
  
  
• CD45-AP-11.2= (Cisco 4500/4700 Enterprise Plus Feature Pack)
  
  
• CD45-AW-11.2= (Cisco 4500/4700 Enterprise Plus 40 Feature Pack)
  
  
• CD45-AY-11.2= (Cisco 4500/4700 Enterprise Plus 56 Feature Pack)
  
  

These release notes include tables that identify feature packs and tables that show the specific features comprising available feature sets for each supported Cisco router. These release notes also help you navigate the electronic documentation for Cisco IOS Release 11.2. The Cisco Router Software Loader, delivered on the same CD-ROM as the Cisco images, is designed to work from a PC running Microsoft Windows 95. These release notes also describe how to install the router software feature sets using a PC running Microsoft Windows 3.1.

These release notes contain the following sections:

• Supported Platforms
  
  
• Loading Cisco IOS Release 11.2 Software on CiscoPro Routers
  
  
• Cisco Feature Pack Descriptions
  
  
• Memory Requirements and Recommendations
  
  
• Installation Tips
  
  
• Cisco IOS Release 11.2 Feature Sets
  
  
• Installing the Router Software Using Microsoft Windows 3.1
  
  
• Additional Release Note Information
  
  
• About Cisco IOS Software Electronic Documentation
  
  
• Cisco Connection Online
  
  

Supported Platforms

The Router Software Loader 4.0 supports both Cisco and CiscoPro versions of the Cisco 4500 and 4700 routers as follows:

• CiscoPro CPA4500 and CPA4700
  
  
• Cisco 4500 and 4700
  
  

Loading Cisco IOS Release 11.2 Software on CiscoPro Routers

The Router Software Loader contains an upgrade utility that permanently modifies a CiscoPro router so that it will accept the Cisco IOS Release 11.2 software images.

The utility changes the router's SysObjectID SNMP MIB (used for network management) from CiscoPro to that of a Cisco router. The software banner also changes so that it no longer identifies the router as a CiscoPro product.

	Caution If, when using the Router Software Loader, you select Preconfigured router and you uncheck the Configure Ethernet interface 0 box (or Token Ring 0), the upgrade utility will load selected Cisco image successfully to the router's Flash memory, but the router will reboot in ROM monitor mode.

If this happens, log into the router via the console port with Telnet or terminal emulation software. At the prompt ("rommon 1>" or ">"), enter the b flash command. The router will reboot to the new image in Flash memory.

	Caution Remember that you must manually change the Configuration Register of the router back to the original setting it had before the loading process. After the router reboots, enter enable mode by typing enable <Return>, followed by the password if set. Enter configuration mode by typing config t <Return>, then enter the commands: config-register 0x2102 <Return> and exit <Return>.

The upgrade utility must be in the same directory as the selected image. If it is not, the upgrade utility will inform you that the image is not present. If you use an image directory other than the one on the CD, make sure you copy the proper upgrade utility to that directory. The Cisco 4500 and 4700 upgrade utility is cpa45-upgrade-l.112-3.P.

Cisco Feature Pack Descriptions

This section describes the Cisco feature packs, listing the software feature sets comprising each pack. You can use this information to identify your feature pack set in conjunction with the corresponding information provided in the tables in the section "Cisco IOS Release 11.2 Feature Sets,". Tables in that section identify which features are supported for a feature set on a specific platform.

Software Feature Packs

Table 1 identifies each feature pack as specified on the label of the CD containing the router software. It also lists the feature sets comprising the feature pack, giving the DOS and UNIX filenames of the images. The table provides a brief description of each feature set and the router platform on which the feature set runs.

Memory Requirements and Recommendations

This section includes three tables: Table 2 identifies the memory required to run each feature set on a particular Cisco router platform; Table 3 describes the memory delivered by default for a particular router series and the memory upgrades available for that series; Table 4 gives memory recommendations for the Cisco 4500 and Cisco 4700 routers, as they are used for specific purposes.

You can use Table 2 to identify the memory required for your configuration based on the image you run. You can then check this against Table 3 to determine how much memory is available on the router as the factory default and the upgrades that you can obtain to satisfy your requirements.

The required main memory and shared memory depend on the applications you intend to run on the router. Refer to Table 4 for recommendations on the amount of memory to use for specific configuration.

Table 3 shows the amount of both Flash and main memory delivered by default on each router. It also lists the available memory upgrades for that router.

Table 4 gives memory recommendations for routers based on the purpose for which you use the router. These recommendations are application-specific; they do not correspond to memory requirements given for feature sets for the CPA4500 or CPA4700 shown in Table 2. For example, if you route optimized IP, IPX, and AppleTalk concurrently, we recommend that you have 16 MB of main memory available on the router even though the minimum requirement shown in Table 2 for this feature set is 8 MB of DRAM. If you maintain more than 24 WAN virtual circuits on a router running any of the Cisco IOS Release 11.2 feature sets for Cisco routers, we recommend that you have available on the router 16 MB of RAM even though each of the feature sets for the Cisco 4500 or Cisco 4700 router that include WAN support services, as listed in Table 5, show various main memory requirements in Table 2.

You can use the Cisco 4500 or Cisco 4700 router for one or more purposes. Refer to the memory recommendations Table 4 gives for single or combined applications. These uses of the router and their recommended memory sizes are not mutually exclusive. For example, if you connect directly to the Internet backbone, we recommend that you have 32 MB of main memory available on your router. If you also maintain more than 24 WAN virtual circuits on the same router, we recommend that you have 48 MB of RAM available (the sum of recommended memory amounts accommodating both applications).

For more comprehensive information on memory recommendations for Cisco routers, go to www.cisco.com, select Products & Ordering, Product Bulletins, and product bulletin #419 under Access Products.

Installation Tips

This section describes several solutions to problems you might encounter when using the Router Software Loader. These solutions are additions to the loader's online help.

Recovering From a Connection Error

This installation tip provides a possible recovery solution in the event that you are unable to connect to your router. You can skip this section unless you are experiencing a connection error.

In some cases, you might receive the following error message while connecting to the target router:

"Failed to configure the router to enable the Cisco IOS software image and configuration 
file upload and download operations. You may want to check the router to make sure that 
the selected interface exists."
 

If you encounter this message, try increasing the Short Timeout value in the Options dialog box, especially if one of the following situations applies:

• You are connecting to a router that requires the Token Ring interface to be configured. It sometimes takes the Token Ring interface longer to come up than the default Short Timeout value of 15 seconds. Try increasing the Short Timeout to 25 seconds.
  
  
• You are connecting to a router that has a large configuration file. Large configuration files may take longer than the default Short Timeout value of 15 seconds to be written to nonvolatile random-access memory.
  
  
• You are connecting to a Cisco AS5200. A Cisco AS5200 requires up to 45 seconds to write a configuration to nonvolatile random-access memory, due to the amount of interfaces that must be checked during this process. Increase the Short Timeout value to 50 seconds.
  
  

Preserving the Router's Startup Configuration

As part of the connection procedure, the Router Software Loader writes the current running configuration of the router to the startup configuration in NVRAM. This operation overwrites the previous startup configuration file.

Caution If your router is running in ROM monitor mode or from the bootstrap image in ROM, and if the current startup configuration was created while running a full Cisco IOS system image, you should copy the startup configuration file to a network server before running the Router Software Loader. Otherwise, you might lose several configuration commands that are not supported by the bootstrap image, such as all routing and bridging configurations. As an option, if the router has a valid Cisco IOS image in Flash memory, you can reboot the router from the image in Flash before running the Router Software Loader. This way, your configuration commands will not be lost when the Router Software Loader writes the image to NVRAM. To do this, log into the router via the console port using Telnet or terminal emulation software. (If you use terminal emulation software, configure the software settings to 9600 baud, no parity, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit.) Then follow Step 1 through Step 7 to reboot from Flash memory.

Refer to the following steps to determine the operation mode of your particular router, and then how to reboot the router to run the image in Flash memory:

Step 1   After logging into the router, observe the command prompt.

If the prompt appears as a "rommon 1>" or ">," the router is operating in ROM monitor mode.

Step 2   To boot the router from the image in Flash memory, enter the following command:

> b flash

 

The router will now load the Flash memory image. When the image is loaded, you can log out and start the Router Software Loader application.

If the prompt appears as "[router name](boot)>" or "[router name](boot)#," the router is running the bootstrap image.

Step 3   Enter the show version command at the prompt and examine the Configuration Register value shown in the last line of the show version output.

Step 4   If your router shows the "[router name](boot)>" prompt, enter the enable command and supply the password if necessary.

Step 5   If the last digit of the Configuration Register is greater than 1, enter the reload command to reboot the router to run the image in Flash memory.

Step 6   If the last digit of the Configuration Register is less than 2, you must change the Configuration Register value before reloading, as follows:

router# configure terminal

Step 7   Enter the following configuration commands, one per line and end with Ctrl-Z:

router(config)# config-register 0x2102

router(config)# exit

router# reload

The router will now reboot and load the image in Flash memory. (If you were logged in via Telnet, you will be logged out automatically when the reboot operation begins.)

After the router reboots, you can log out and start the Router Software Loader application.

Cisco IOS Release 11.2 Feature Sets

Table 5 shows specific features supported for Cisco 4500 and Cisco 4700 routers.

The table uses these conventions to identify features:

• Yes: the feature is offered in the basic feature set
  
  
• - : the feature is not offered in the feature set
  
  
• Plus: the feature is offered only in the Plus feature sets, not in the basic feature set
  
  
• Encrypt: the addition of 40-bit (Plus 40) or 56-bit (Plus 56) data encryption feature sets
  
  

  Cisco IOS images with 40-bit Data Encryption Standard (DES) support can legally be distributed to any party eligible to receive Cisco IOS software. 40-bit DES is not a cryptographically strong solution and should not be used to protect sensitive data.

  Cisco IOS images with 56-bit DES are subject to International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) controls and have a limited distribution. Images to be installed outside the U.S. require an export license. Customer orders may be denied or subject to delay due to U.S. government regulations. Contact your sales representative or distributor for more information, or send e-mail to export@cisco.com.

Installing the Router Software Using Microsoft Windows 3.1

In addition to the router software feature sets, the CD-ROM also contains the Router Software Loader, which you can use to download the software to the router. The Router Software Loader is designed to work with a PC running Microsoft Windows 95. The booklet included with the CD-ROM explains how to perform this simple process. However, you cannot use the Cisco Router Software Loader on a system running Microsoft Windows 3.1.

This section describes an alternative method you can use to install the router software from the CD-ROM onto the router using a PC running Microsoft Windows 3.1. The process requires that you first obtain a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) application or a remote copy protocol (rcp) application, which you can use to set up your PC as a TFTP server or an rcp server. You can use either the copy tftp flash or copy rcp flash command to download the router software to the router from a system running Microsoft Windows 3.1.

Installation Process

This section provides steps that describe how to install the router software using a Microsoft Windows 3.1 PC with a TFTP application.

To install the software using an rcp application, follow the same procedure and substitute rcp for TFTP in the instructions. You must also substitute the copy rcp flash command for the copy tftp flash command in Step 8.

Step 1   Install any TFTP application on the PC. (Not provided by Cisco.)

Step 2   Launch the TFTP application on the PC. You commonly do this by double-clicking the application icon or its filename.

Step 3   Set up the PC as a TFTP server using the TFTP application setup or configuration facility.

The user interface of most TFTP applications includes a setup facility that allows you to specify the PC as a server. For example, from the TFTP menu of one application, you can select Settings to display a panel that includes a checkbox beside the word Server. To configure the local PC as a server, you click in this checkbox.

	Caution Be sure you set up your local PC as a TFTP server. If you overlook this step, you will not be able to perform the copy procedure. This reminder also applies if you are using rcp on your system instead of TFTP.

Step 4   Establish a console session from your local PC (which is now configured as a TFTP server), to the Cisco router.

You can do this in two ways:

• Connect the PC's COM port to the router's console port.
  
  

  This is the recommended method. If you use this method, when you reload the router to cause the image to take effect in Step 13, you will remain connected to the router. (Using Telnet, you will lose connection to the router at that point in the process.)

• Establish a Telnet session from the PC to the router.
  
  

Step 5   Conect your PC's Ethernet port to the router's Ethernet port using the 10BaseT crossover cable provided.

In the following steps, you will upgrade your CiscoPro router to a Cisco Enterprise router. If you have a CiscoPro CPA1000, CPA1600, CPA2500 or CPA4500 router and plan to install an 11.2 image on the router, you must perform Step 6 through Step 13. These steps upgrade your router to allow Enterprise images to run on it. Refer to the Note on page 3 for details.

Step 6   From the console, enter the following configuration command:

# config terminal

 

Step 7   From the console, enter the following configuration command:

# config-reg 0x2102

 

Step 8   At the router prompt, enter the following command to copy the router upgrade utility from the CD-ROM drive of the PC to the router:

# copy tftp flash

Step 9   When prompted, enter the IP address of your local Microsoft Windows 3.1-based PC as in the following example:

# 131.108.1.1

This is the IP address of your local PC, not that of the router.

Step 10   When prompted, enter the full pathname of the image to be copied to the router as in the following example:

Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? d:\cpswinst\images\cpa45-upgrade-l.112-3.P

Step 11   In response to the prompt, enter the destination filename and press Enter to indicate that you want to copy the image.

This is the name of the image file on the router, not the full pathname of the image on the CD-ROM attached to the PC.

Destination file name [d:\cpswinst\images\cpa45-upgrade-1.112-3.p]? 
cpa45-upgrade-l.112-3.P

 

During the transfer process, the software displays messages indicating that it has accessed the file you have specified and is loading it.

Step 12   Enter yes or no in response to the prompt asking if you want to erase the existing image copy resident in the router's Flash memory before copying the new one.

Source file name?yes

When copying to internal Flash memory, the system provides an option to erase existing internal Flash memory before writing onto it. The entire copying process takes several minutes and differs from network to network.

The exclamation point (!) indicates that the copy process is taking place. Each exclamation point (!) indicates that ten packets have been transferred successfully. A series of "V" characters indicates that a checksum verification of the image is occurring after the image is written to Flash memory.

Step 13   Enter the reload command to reload the router:

# reload

At this point your CiscoPro router has been upgraded to a Cisco Enterprise router. Because the original IOS image, which resided in flash memory, was erased during the upgrade process, the router should now be running in bootstrap (boot)# mode.

Step 14   At the router prompt, enter the following command to copy the new software image from the CD-ROM drive of the PC to the router:

(In the next series of steps, you download the Cisco IOS 11.2 images that you want installed on your upgraded router.)

(boot)# copy tftp flash

Step 15   When prompted, enter the IP address of your local Microsoft Windows 3.1-based PC as in the following example:

Destination file name [d:\cpswinst\images\cpa45-upgrade-1.112-3.p]? 131.108.1.1

This is the IP address of your local PC, not that of the router.

Step 16   When prompted, enter the full pathname of the Cisco IOS 11.2 image to be copied to the router as in the following example:

Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] d:\cpswinst\images\80137003.bin

This example specifies the IP feature set for Cisco 4500 and Cisco 4700 routers.

Step 17   In response to the prompt, enter the destination filename and press Enter to indicate that you want to copy the image.

This is the name of the image file on the router, not the full pathname of the image on the CD-ROM attached to the PC.

Destination file name [d:\cpswinst\images\]? c4500-j-mz

 

During the transfer process, the software displays messages indicating that it has accessed the file you have specified and is loading it.

Step 18   Enter yes or no in response to the prompt asking if you want to erase the existing image copy resident in the router's Flash memory before copying the new one.

(boot)#yes

When copying to internal Flash memory, the system provides an option to erase existing internal Flash memory before writing onto it. The entire copying process takes several minutes and differs from network to network.

The exclamation point (!) indicates that the copy process is taking place. Each exclamation point (!) indicates that ten packets have been transferred successfully. A series of "V" characters indicates that a checksum verification of the image is occurring after the image is written to Flash memory.

Step 19   Enter the reload command to reload the router:

Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? reload

Command Reference Pages for TFTP and rcp

This section includes reference pages providing detailed information about the copy rcp flash and copy tftp flash commands. This information supplements the information provided in the steps described earlier in the section "Installing the Router Software Using Microsoft Windows 3.1,".

copy rcp flash

To copy a file from a network server to the router or to another destination using rcp, use the copy rcp flash EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The rcp protocol requires that a client send the remote username of an rcp request to the server. When you issue the copy rcp flash command, by default the Cisco IOS software sends the username associated with the current teletype (TTY), if that name is valid. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and the user was authenticated through the username command, then the software sends that username as the remote username.

If the TTY username is invalid, the software uses the host name as the both the remote and local usernames. To specify a different remote username to be sent to the rcp server, use the ip rcmd remote-username command. You can also specify the path of an existing directory along with the remote username.

Caution The remote username must be associated with an account on the destination server. If you do not use the ip rcmd remote-username command to specify the name of a remote user associated with an account on the server, then the remote username associated with the current TTY process must be associated with an account on the server. If there is no username for the current TTY process, then the host name must be associated with an account on the server. If the network administrator of the destination server did not establish accounts for the remote username used, this command will not execute successfully when a default remote username is used.

If you copy a system image from a personal computer used as a file server, the remote host computer must support the remote shell (rsh) protocol.

Use the copy rcp flash to copy a system image from a network server to the router's internal Flash memory using rcp. The Cisco IOS software prompts for the address of the rcp server and rcp filename. When you issue this command, the system provides an option to erase existing Flash memory before writing onto it. The entire copying process takes several minutes and differs from network to network.

Before booting from Flash memory, verify that the checksum of the image in internal Flash memory matches the checksum listed in the README file distributed with the system software image. The checksum of the image in Flash memory is displayed at the bottom of the screen when you issue the copy rcp flash command. The README file was copied to the rcp server automatically when you installed the system software image.

Caution If the checksum value does not match the value in the README file, do not reboot the router. Reissue the copy rcp flash command and compare the checksums again. If the checksum is repeatedly wrong, copy the original system software image back into Flash memory before you reboot the router from Flash memory. If you have a corrupted image in Flash memory and try to boot from Flash memory, the router starts the system image contained in ROM (assuming booting from a network server is not configured). If ROM does not contain a fully functional system image, the router cannot function and must be reconfigured through a direct console port connection.

Examples

The following example shows how to use the copy rcp flash command on a Cisco 4500 router. The interface might differ slightly on other systems. This example copies a system image named file1 from the netadmin1 directory on the remote server named SERVER1.CISCO.COM with an IP address of 131.108.101.101 to Flash memory. To ensure that enough Flash memory is available to accommodate the system image to be copied, the Cisco IOS software allows you to erase the contents of Flash memory first.

Router1# configure terminal

 
Router1(config)# rcmd remote-username netadmin1

Router(config)# Ctrl-Z

Router# copy rcp flash 


System flash directory, partition 2:
File  Length   Name/status
  1   984      file1 [deleted]
  2   984      file1
[2096 bytes used, 8386512 available, 8388608 total]
Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 131.108.101.101

Source file name? file1

Destination file name [file1]?
Accessing file 'file1' on 131.108.101.101...
Loading dirt/ssangiah/file1 .from 131.108.101.101 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK]
 
Erase flash device before writing? [confirm]
Flash contains files. Are you sure you want to erase? [confirm]
 
Copy 'file1' from server
  as 'file1' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no] yes

Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erased
Loading file1 from 131.108.101.101 (via Ethernet0): !
[OK - 984/8388608 bytes]
 
Verifying checksum...  OK (0x14B3)
Flash copy took 0:00:01 [hh:mm:ss]
 
 

Related Commands

boot config
boot system flash
cd
copy flash rcp
ip rcmd remote-username
verify flash

copy tftp flash

To copy a file from a TFTP server to the router or to another destination, use the copy tftp flash EXEC command.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The system prompts for the address of the TFTP server and TFTP filename if you do not provide them at the command line. When copying to internal Flash memory, the system provides an option to erase existing internal Flash memory before writing onto it. The entire copying process takes several minutes and differs from network to network.

Before booting from Flash memory, verify that the checksum of the image in Flash memory matches the checksum listed in the README file distributed with the system software image. The checksum of the image in Flash memory is displayed at the bottom of the screen when you issue the copy tftp flash command. The README file was copied to the TFTP server automatically when you installed the system software image.

Caution If the checksum value is not correct according to the value in the README file, do not reboot the router. Issue the copy tftp flash command and compare the checksums again. If the checksum is repeatedly wrong, copy the original system software image back into Flash memory before you reboot the router from Flash memory. If you have a corrupted image in Flash memory and try to boot from Flash memory, the router starts the system image contained in ROM (assuming booting from a network server is not configured). If ROM does not contain a fully functional system image, the router cannot function and must be reconfigured through a direct console port connection.

Example

The following example shows sample output of copying a system image named file1 into Flash memory:

Router# copy tftp flash

 
System flash directory, partition 2:
File  Length   Name/status
  1   984      file1 [deleted]
  2   984      file1
[2096 bytes used, 8386512 available, 8388608 total]
Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 223.255.254.254

Source file name? file1

Destination file name [file1]?
Accessing file 'file1' on 223.255.254.254...
Loading dirt/ssangiah/file1 .from 223.255.254.254 (via Ethernet0): - [OK]
 
Erase flash device before writing? [confirm]
Flash contains files. Are you sure you want to erase? [confirm]
 
Copy 'file1' from server
  as 'file1' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no] yes

Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erased
Loading file1 from 223.255.254.254 (via Ethernet0): !!!!...
[OK - 984/8388608 bytes]
 
Verifying checksum...  OK (0x14B3)
Flash copy took 0:00:01 [hh:mm:ss]
 

The exclamation point (!) indicates that the copy process is taking place. Each exclamation point (!) indicates that ten packets have been transferred successfully. A series of "V" characters indicates that a checksum verification of the image is occurring after the image is written to Flash memory.

Related Commands

copy flash tftp
verify
verify flash

Additional Release Note Information

For detailed information about this software release, see the Cisco IOS release notes shipped with the router and also located on the Documentation CD-ROM. Information that pertains to this feature pack includes the following:

• New features
  
  
• Important notes
  
  
• Caveats
  
  

About Cisco IOS Software Electronic Documentation

Cisco IOS software documentation is provided on the Documentation that is included with your feature pack. Documentation about Cisco IOS Release 11.2(3) and 11.2(3)P describes the software images included on this feature pack CD.

To locate this documentation, you can either use the Documentation CD or go to www.cisco.com, select Products and Ordering, Documentation, Cisco IOS Software Configuration, and Cisco IOS Release 11.2. The documentation for Cisco IOS Release 11.2 is organized as follows:

• Release Notes—use the Cisco IOS Release 11.2(3) Release Notes. and Cisco IOS Release 11.2(3)P Release Notes.
  
  
• Feature Guides—use the Cisco IOS Release 11.2(3)P Feature Guide.
  
  
• Eight modules that comprise the configuration guides and command references, which are described in Figure 1.
  
  
• Cisco IOS Software Command Summary—summarizes the commands in the command reference publications. For each command, the summary provides complete syntax, the purpose of the command, and a description of each keyword and argument in the command syntax.
  
  
• System Error Messages—describes system error messages reported by Cisco IOS software.
  
  
• Cisco Management Information Base (MIB) User Quick Reference—describes the Cisco Systems private, or local, Management Information Base (MIB), which is provided with all Cisco software releases and with CiscoWorks router management software. A MIB file contains variables that can be set or read to provide information on network devices and interfaces. The Cisco MIB is a set of variables that are private extensions to the Internet standard MIB II.
  
  
• Debug Command Reference—provides information about using debug commands to troubleshoot your network. The Debug Command Reference is intended for network administrators who already know how to configure a router and are familiar with all relevant network equipment.
  
  
• Caveats
  
  

Cisco IOS configuration guides describe system configuration and maintenance tasks and provide comprehensive configuration examples. The configuration guides do not include command syntax for every command, so you should use them in conjunction with the command references. The Cisco configuration guides give in-depth descriptions of configuration tasks.

Cisco IOS command references describe the commands necessary for configuring and maintaining your system. If you are new to Cisco software, you should use the Cisco command references in conjunction with the configuration guides to reference commands and detailed information pertaining to their use. If you are an experienced network administrator, you might want to use the Cisco command references as standalone manuals.

Cisco Connection Online

Cisco Connection Online (CCO) is Cisco Systems' primary, real-time support channel. Maintenance customers and partners can self-register on CCO to obtain additional information and services.

Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, CCO provides a wealth of standard and value-added services to Cisco's customers and business partners. CCO services include product information, product documentation, software updates, release notes, technical tips, the Bug Navigator, configuration notes, brochures, descriptions of service offerings, and download access to public and authorized files.

CCO serves a wide variety of users through two interfaces that are updated and enhanced simultaneously: a character-based version and a multimedia version that resides on the World Wide Web (WWW). The character-based CCO supports Zmodem, Kermit, Xmodem, FTP, and Internet e-mail, and it is excellent for quick access to information over lower bandwidths. The WWW version of CCO provides richly formatted documents with photographs, figures, graphics, and video, as well as hyperlinks to related information.

You can access CCO in the following ways:

• WWW:  http://www.cisco.com
  
  
• WWW:  http://www-europe.cisco.com
  
  
• WWW:  http://www-china.cisco.com
  
  
• Telnet:  cco.cisco.com
  
  
• Modem:  From North America, 408 526-8070; from Europe, 33 1 64 46 40 82. Use the following terminal settings: VT100 emulation; databits: 8; parity: none; stop bits: 1; and connection rates up to 28.8 kbps.
  
  

For a copy of CCO's Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), contact cco-help@cisco.com. For additional information, contact cco-team@cisco.com.

If you are a network administrator and need personal technical assistance with a Cisco product that is under warranty or covered by a maintenance contract, contact Cisco's Technical Assistance Center (TAC) at 800 553-2447, 408 526-7209, or tac@cisco.com. To obtain general information about Cisco Systems, Cisco products, or upgrades, contact 800 553-6387, 408 526-7208, or cs-rep@cisco.com.