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IP Mobility: Mobile Networks Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15M&T
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Cisco Mobile Networks
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Cisco Mobile Networks Asymmetric Link
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Cisco Mobile Networks Static Collocated Care-of Address
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Cisco Mobile Networks Priority HA Assignment
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Cisco Mobile Networks Tunnel Templates for Multicast
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Mobile Networks Dynamic Collocated Care-of Address
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Mobile Networks Deployment MIB
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Mobile IP - Foreign Agent Local Routing to Mobile Networks
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Mobile IP - Generic Routing Encapsulation for Cisco Mobile Networks
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Mobile IP Support for RFC 3519 NAT Traversal on the Mobile Router
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Mobile IP Policy and Application-Based Routing for MR Multipath
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Mobile Router DHCP Support for Dynamic CCoA and Foreign Agent Processing
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MANET Enhancements to PPPoE for Router-to-Radio Links
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OSPFv3 Extensions for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
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IP Multiplexing
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MANET Enhancements to PPPoE for Router-to-Radio Links
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EIGRP Dynamic Metric Calculations
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Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
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OSPFv3 Dynamic Interface Cost Support
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VMI QoS
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Feedback
Contents
- Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
- Finding Feature Information
- Restrictions for Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
- Information About Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
- Multicast Support for VMIs
- Multicast Routing in NBMA Mode
- How to Configure Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
- Enabling Bypass Mode for Multicast Applications
- Configuration Examples for Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
- Examples: IP Address Coordination for the VMI in Aggregate Mode
- Examples: Enabling Multicast Support with Bypass or Aggregate Mode
- Example: Bypass Mode on VMIs for Multicast Traffic
- Example: EIGRP for IPv4 Using Bypass Mode
- Example: EIGRP for IPv6 Using Bypass Mode
- Example: EIGRP with IPv4 and IPv6 Traffic Using Bypass Mode
- Example: OSPFv3 for Multicast Traffic Using Aggregate Mode
- Example: OSPFv3 for IPv6 Multicast Traffic Using Bypass Mode
- Additional References
- Feature Information for Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
The Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces feature enables multicast support for RFC 5578-compliant Radio-Aware Routing (RAR). Multicast is defined as a network group membership spanning the entire network. The virtual multipoint interface (VMI) operates in aggregate mode, which means that all virtual access interfaces created by PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) sessions are aggregated logically under the configured VMI. Packets sent to the VMI are forwarded to the correct virtual access interface. When a VMI operates in aggregate mode, the interfaces operate in nonbroadcast multiple access (NBMA) mode. Multicast traffic is forwarded only the he NBMA neighbors where a listener for that group is present.
- Finding Feature Information
- Restrictions for Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
- Information About Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
- How to Configure Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
- Configuration Examples for Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
- Additional References
- Feature Information for Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table at the end of this module.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Information About Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
Multicast Support for VMIs
By default, virtual multipoint interfaces (VMIs) operate in aggregate mode, which means that all of the virtual access interfaces created by PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) sessions are aggregated logically under the configured VMI. Applications above Layer 2, such as the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) and Open Shortest Path First version 3 (OSPFv3), should be defined only on the VMI. Packets sent to the VMI are forwarded to the correct virtual access interface. When VMIs are in aggregate mode, they operate in nonbroadcast multiple access (NBMA) mode. Multicast traffic is forwarded only to the NBMA neighbors where a listener for that group is present.
If you are running multicast applications that require the virtual access interfaces to be exposed to applications above Layer 2 directly, you can configure the VMI to operate in bypass mode. Most multicast applications require that the virtual access interfaces be exposed directly to the routing protocols to ensure that the multicast Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) can operate as expected. When you use the bypass mode, you must define a VMI to handle presentation of cross-layer signals such as, neighbor up, neighbor down, and metrics. Applications are aware of the actual underlying virtual access interfaces and send packets to them directly. Additional information is required on the virtual template configuration.
Multicast Routing in NBMA Mode
Multicast is defined as a network group membership spanning the entire network. Usually, multicast is unidirectional from a source to a group of receivers. In both IPv4 and IPv6 architectures, a portion of the address space is reserved for multicast groups, and group addresses are requested to and assigned by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). See the table below for IPv4 examples.
| Table 1 | Assigned IPv4 Multicast Addresses |
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Addresses |
Usage |
|---|---|
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224.0.0.1 |
All hosts |
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224.0.0.2 |
All multicast hosts |
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224.0.0.5 |
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) devices |
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224.0.0.10 |
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) devices |
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224.0.0.13 |
All Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) devices |
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224.0.0.19 to 224.0.0.255 |
Unassigned |
Nonbroadcast multiple access (NBMA) mode is achieved on a virtual multipoint interface (VMI) in aggregate mode. When operating in multicast NBMA mode, only the virtual interfaces that are part of the multicast tree receive multicast traffic.
How to Configure Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
Enabling Bypass Mode for Multicast Applications
Perform this optional task to enable bypass mode on a VMI and override the default aggregation that occurs on VMIs. Bypass mode is recommended for multicast applications.
Configure the virtual template and the appropriate PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) sessions for the virtual multipoint interface (VMI) before performing this task.
DETAILED STEPS
Configuration Examples for Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
Examples: IP Address Coordination for the VMI in Aggregate Mode
The default mode for operation of the virtual multipoint interface (VMI) is aggregate mode. In aggregate mode, all of the virtual access interfaces created by PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) sessions are logically aggregated under the VMI. As such, applications above Layer 2, such as the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) and Open Shortest Path First version 3 (OSPFv3), should be defined on the VMI only. Packets sent to the VMI will be correctly forwarded to the correct virtual access interface.
The next examples show the IP address coordination needed between the virtual-template configuration and the VMI configuration.
The following example shows the configuration of VMI in aggregate mode using IPv4 as the routing protocol:
! interface Virtual-Template1 ip unnumbered vmi1 service-policy output FQ ! interface vmi1 ip address 2.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 physical-interface FastEthernet 0/0 !
The following example shows the configuration of VMI in aggregate mode using IPv4 and IPv6 as the routing protocols:
interface Virtual-Template1 ip unnumbered vmi1 ipv6 enable service-policy output FQ ! interface vmi1 ip address 2.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 ipv6 enable physical-interface FastEthernet 0/0 !
The following example shows the configuration of VMI in aggregate mode using IPv6 as the routing protocol:
interface Virtual-Template1 ipv6 enable service-policy output FQ ! interface vmi1 ipv6 enable physical-interface FastEthernet 0/0 !
Examples: Enabling Multicast Support with Bypass or Aggregate Mode
- Example: Bypass Mode on VMIs for Multicast Traffic
- Example: EIGRP for IPv4 Using Bypass Mode
- Example: EIGRP for IPv6 Using Bypass Mode
- Example: EIGRP with IPv4 and IPv6 Traffic Using Bypass Mode
- Example: OSPFv3 for Multicast Traffic Using Aggregate Mode
- Example: OSPFv3 for IPv6 Multicast Traffic Using Bypass Mode
Example: Bypass Mode on VMIs for Multicast Traffic
The following example shows how to enable multicast on virtual multipoint interfaces (VMIs). The example includes changing the VMI to bypass mode and enabling Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) sparse mode on the virtual-template interface:
Device# enable Device# configure terminal ! Device(config)# interface Virtual-Template1 Device(config-if)# ip address 209.165.200.227 255.255.255.224 Device(config-if)# load-interval 30 Device(config-if)# no keepalive Device(config-if)# ip pim sparse-dense-mode Device(config-if)# service-policy output FQ ! ! Device(config)# interface vmi1 Device(config-if)# ip address 10.3.9.1 255.255.255.0 Device(config-if)# load-interval 30 Device(config-if)# physical-interface FastEthernet 0/0 Device(config-if)# mode bypass ! Device(config)# end
Example: EIGRP for IPv4 Using Bypass Mode
The following example shows how to configure the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) for IPv4 using bypass mode. In this example, the IP address of the virtual multipoint interface,VMI1, needs to be defined, but the interface is not routable because the VMI is configured as down/down:
hostname host1 ! no aaa new-model clock timezone EST -5 ip cef ! no ip domain lookup subscriber authorization enable ! subscriber profile host1 pppoe service manet_radio ! ! multilink bundle-name authenticated no virtual-template subinterface ! archive log config ! policy-map FQ class class-default fair-queue ! ! !bba-group pppoe VMI1 virtual-template 1 service profile host1 ! ! interface Loopback1 ip address 209.165.200.225 255.255.255.224 load-interval 30 ! interface FastEthernet 0/0 no ip address no ip mroute-cache load-interval 30 speed 100 full-duplex pppoe enable group VMI1 ! interface Serial 1/0 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface Serial 1/1 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface Serial 1/2 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface Serial 1/3 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface FastEthernet 2/0 switchport access vlan 2 duplex full speed 100 ! interface FastEthernet 2/1 switchport access vlan 503 load-interval 30 duplex full speed 100 ! interface FastEthernet 2/2 shutdown ! interface FastEthernet 2/3 shutdown ! interface Virtual-Template1 ip address 209.165.200.225 255.255.255.224 load-interval 30 no keepalive service-policy output FQ ! interface Vlan1 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown ! interface Vlan2 ip address 209.165.200.225 255.255.255.224 no ip mroute-cache load-interval 30 ! interface Vlan503 ip address 209.165.200.225 255.255.255.224 load-interval 30 ipv6 address 2001:0DB8::/32 ipv6 enable ! interface vmi1 ip address 209.165.200.226 255.255.255.224 load-interval 30 physical-interface FastEthernet 0/0 mode bypass ! router eigrp 1 redistribute connected network 209.165.200.225 255.255.255.224 network 209.165.200.226 255.255.255.224
Example: EIGRP for IPv6 Using Bypass Mode
The following example shows how to configure the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) for IPv6 using bypass mode:
! ip cef ! ! ! no ip domain lookup ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 cef subscriber authorization enable ! subscriber profile host1 pppoe service manet_radio ! multilink bundle-name authenticated no virtual-template subinterface ! ! ! archive log config ! ! policy-map FQ class class-default fair-queue ! ! ! bba-group pppoe VMI1 virtual-template 1 service profile host1 ! ! interface Loopback1 load-interval 30 ipv6 address 2001:0DB8::/32 ipv6 enable ipv6 eigrp 1 ! interface FastEthernet 0/0 no ip address no ip mroute-cache load-interval 30 speed 100 full-duplex pppoe enable group VMI1 ! interface Serial 1/0 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface Serial 1/1 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface Serial 1/2 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface Serial 1/3 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface FastEthernet 2/0 switchport access vlan 2 duplex full speed 100 ! interface FastEthernet 2/1 switchport access vlan 503 load-interval 30 duplex full speed 100 ! interface FastEthernet 2/2 shutdown ! interface FastEthernet 2/3 shutdown ! interface Virtual-Template1 no ip address load-interval 30 ipv6 address 2001:0DB8::/32 ipv6 enable ipv6 eigrp 1 no keepalive service-policy output FQ ! interface Vlan1 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown ! interface Vlan2 no ip address no ip mroute-cache load-interval 30 ipv6 address 2001:0DB8::/32 ipv6 enable ipv6 eigrp 1 ! interface Vlan503 no ip address load-interval 30 ipv6 address 2001:0DB8::/32 ipv6 enable ipv6 eigrp 1 ! interface vmi1 no ip address load-interval 30 ipv6 enable physical-interface FastEthernet 0/0 mode bypass ! ! no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! ipv6 router eigrp 1 no shutdown redistribute connected ! ! !
Example: EIGRP with IPv4 and IPv6 Traffic Using Bypass Mode
The following example shows how to configure the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) with IPv4 and IPv6 using bypass mode:
! hostname host1 ! enable configure terminal ip cef no ip domain lookup ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 cef subscriber authorization enable ! subscriber profile host1 pppoe service manet_radio ! multilink bundle-name authenticated no virtual-template subinterface ! archive log config ! ! policy-map FQ class class-default fair-queue ! bba-group pppoe VMI1 virtual-template 1 service profile host1 ! ! interface Loopback1 ip address 209.165.200.225 255.255.255.224 load-interval 30 ipv6 address 2001:0DB8::/32 ipv6 enable ipv6 eigrp 1 ! interface FastEthernet 0/0 no ip address no ip mroute-cache load-interval 30 speed 100 full-duplex pppoe enable group VMI1 ! interface Serial 1/0 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface Serial 1/1 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface Serial 1/2 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface Serial 1/3 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface FastEthernet 2/0 switchport access vlan 2 duplex full speed 100 ! interface FastEthernet 2/1 switchport access vlan 503 load-interval 30 duplex full speed 100 ! interface FastEthernet 2/2 shutdown ! interface FastEthernet 2/3 shutdown ! interface Virtual-Template1 ip address 209.165.200.225 255.255.255.224 load-interval 30 ipv6 address 2001:0DB8::/32 ipv6 enable ipv6 eigrp 1 no keepalive service-policy output FQ ! interface Vlan1 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown ! interface Vlan2 ip address 209.165.200.226 255.255.255.224 no ip mroute-cache load-interval 30 ! interface Vlan503 ip address 209.165.200.226 255.255.255.224 load-interval 30 ipv6 address 2001:0DB8::/32 ipv6 enable ipv6 eigrp 1 ! interface vmi1 ip address 209.165.200.226 255.255.255.224 load-interval 30 ipv6 enable physical-interface FastEthernet 0/0 mode bypass ! router eigrp 1 redistribute connected network 209.165.200.226 255.255.255.224 network 209.165.200.227 255.255.255.224 auto-summary ! ! no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! ipv6 router eigrp 1 eigrp router-id 10.9.1.1 no shutdown redistribute connected ! ! ! end
Example: OSPFv3 for Multicast Traffic Using Aggregate Mode
In this example, multicast is configured as a nonbroadcast multiple access (NBMA) network. To configure multicast, the ip multicast-routing global configuration command is required. To configure the virtual multipoint interface (VMI) in aggregate mode for multicast, you must configure the VMI with the ip PIM nbma-mode command. The following example shows the VMI on an Open Shortest Path First version 3 (OSPFv3) network:
! service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname mcrtr4 ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! logging message-counter syslog logging buffered 51200 warnings ! no aaa new-model ! ip source-route ! ! ip cef ! ! ip domain name yourdomain.com ip multicast-routing ip multicast cache-headers no ipv6 cef subscriber authorization enable ! subscriber profile chan pppoe service manet_radio ! ! multilink bundle-name authenticated !username lab privilege 15 secret 5 $1$v1bl$B5KD7o3jVKYqfoKoS0FUJ1 ! ! ! archive log config hidekeys ! ! ! ! ! bba-group pppoe chan virtual-template 1 service profile chan ! ! interface Loopback0 ip address 15.15.15.15 255.255.255.255 ip broadcast-address 0.0.0.0 ! interface FastEthernet 0/0 description $ETH-LAN$$ETH-SW-LAUNCH$$INTF-INFO-FE 0/0$ ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 ip broadcast-address 0.0.0.0 ip pim sparse-mode ip igmp version 3 duplex auto speed auto ! interface FastEthernet 0/1 no ip address ip broadcast-address 0.0.0.0 duplex auto speed auto pppoe enable group chan ! interface FastEthernet 0/0/0 ! interface FastEthernet 0/0/1 ! interface FastEthernet 0/0/2 ! interface FastEthernet 0/0/3 interface FastEthernet 0/1/0 no ip address ip broadcast-address 0.0.0.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface Virtual-Template1 ip unnumbered vmi1 no peer default ip address fair-queue ! interface Vlan1 ip address 10.15.60.53 255.255.255.0 ! interface vmi1 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0 ip pim nbma-mode ip pim sparse-mode ip ospf network point-to-multipoint load-interval 30 physical-interface FastEthernet0/1 ! router ospfv3 1 log-adjacency-changes redistribute connected subnets redistribute static network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 ! ip forward-protocol nd ip http server ip http access-class 23 ip http authentication local ip http secure-server ip http timeout-policy idle 60 life 86400 requests 10000 ! ! ip pim rp-address 16.16.16.16 ip pim register-source vmi1 ! access-list 23 permit 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.7 access-list 110 permit ip any any ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! ! ! mgcp fax t38 ecm ! ! line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 login local line aux 0 line vty 0 4 access-class 23 inprivilege level 15 login local transport input telnet ssh line vty 5 15 access-class 23 in privilege level 15 login local transport input telnet ssh ! exception data-corruption buffer truncate scheduler allocate 20000 1000 end
Example: OSPFv3 for IPv6 Multicast Traffic Using Bypass Mode
hostname host1 ! enable configure terminal ! no aaa new-model clock timezone EST -5 ! ! ! ip cef no ip domain lookup ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 cef subscriber authorization enable ! subscriber profile host1 pppoe service manet_radio ! multilink bundle-name authenticated no virtual-template subinterface ! ! archive log config ! policy-map FQ class class-default fair-queue ! bba-group pppoe VMI1 virtual-template 1 service profile host1 ! interface Loopback1 no ip address load-interval 30 ipv6 address 2001:0DB1::1/64 ipv6 enable ! interface FastEthernet 0/0 no ip address no ip mroute-cache load-interval 30 speed 100 full-duplex ipv6 enable pppoe enable group VMI1 ! interface Serial 1/0 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface Serial 1/1 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface Serial 1/2 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface Serial 1/3 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown clock rate 2000000 ! interface FastEthernet 2/0 switchport access vlan 2 duplex full speed 100 ! interface FastEthernet 2/1 switchport access vlan 503 load-interval 30 duplex full speed 100 ! interface FastEthernet 2/2 shutdown ! interface FastEthernet 2/3 shutdown ! interface Virtual-Template1 no ip address load-interval 30 ipv6 address 2001:0DB8::/32 ipv6 enable ! ipv6 ospf network point-to-multipoint ipv6 ospf cost dynamic ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 no keepalive service-policy output FQ ! interface Vlan1 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown ! interface Vlan2 no ip address no ip mroute-cache load-interval 30 ipv6 address 2001:0DB8::/32 ipv6 enable ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 ! interface Vlan503 load-interval 30 ipv6 address 2001:0DB8::/32 ipv6 enable ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 ! interface vmi1 no ip address load-interval 30 ipv6 enable physical-interface FastEthernet 0/0 mode bypass ! ! no ip http server no ip http secure-server !ipv6 router ospf 1 log-adjacency-changes redistribute connected metric-type 1 ! ! ! control-plane ! ! line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 stopbits 1 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end
Additional References
Related Documents
| Related Topic | Document Title |
|---|---|
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Cisco IOS commands |
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Multicast commands |
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Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) configuration tasks and commands |
IP Routing: EIGRP Configuration Guide |
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Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) configuration tasks and commands |
IP Routing: OSPF Configuration Guide |
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IPv6 configuration tasks and commands |
IPv6 Configuration Library |
Technical Assistance
| Description | Link |
|---|---|
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The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. |
Feature Information for Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
| Table 2 | Feature Information for Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces |
| Feature Name | Releases | Feature Information |
|---|---|---|
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Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces |
15.1(3)T |
The Multicast for Virtual Multipoint Interfaces feature enables multicast support for RFC 5578-compliant Radio-Aware Routing. No new or modified commands were introduced with this feature. |
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Any Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and phone numbers used in this document are not intended to be actual addresses and phone numbers. Any examples, command display output, network topology diagrams, and other figures included in the document are shown for illustrative purposes only. Any use of actual IP addresses or phone numbers in illustrative content is unintentional and coincidental.