EVPN-VPWS supports the following modes:

• Single-homed - Enables you to connect a customer edge (CE) device to one provider edge (PE) device.

• Multi-homed - Enables you to connect a customer edge (CE) device to more than one provider edge (PE) device. Multihoming ensures redundant connectivity. The redundant PE device ensures that there is no traffic disruption when there is a network failure. Following are the types of multihoming:

  • Single-Active - In single-active mode only a single PE among a group of PEs attached to the particular Ethernet-Segment is allowed to forward traffic to and from that Ethernet Segment.

  • All-Active - In all-active mode all the PEs attached to the particular Ethernet-Segment is allowed to forward traffic to and from that Ethernet Segment.

The EVPN-VPWS single homed solution requires per EVI Ethernet Auto Discovery route. EVPN defines a new BGP Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) used to carry all EVPN routes. BGP Capabilities Advertisement used to ensure that two speakers support EVPN NLRI (AFI 25, SAFI 70) as per RFC 4760.

The architecture for EVPN VPWS is that the PEs run Multi-Protocol BGP in control-plane. The following image describes the EVPN-VPWS configuration:

• The VPWS service on PE1 requires the following three elements to be specified at configuration time:

  • The VPN ID (EVI)

  • The local AC identifier (AC1) that identifies the local end of the emulated service.

  • The remote AC identifier (AC2) that identifies the remote end of the emulated service.

  PE1 allocates a MPLS label per local AC for reachability.

• The VPWS service on PE2 is set in the same manner as PE1. The three same elements are required and the service configuration must be symmetric.

  PE2 allocates a MPLS label per local AC for reachability.

• PE1 advertise a single EVPN per EVI Ethernet AD route for each local endpoint (AC) to remote PEs with the associated MPLS label.

  PE2 performs the same task.

• On reception of EVPN per EVI EAD route from PE2, PE1 adds the entry to its local L2 RIB. PE1 knows the path list to reach AC2, for example, next hop is PE2 IP address and MPLS label for AC2.

  PE2 performs the same task.

The EVPN VPWS feature supports all-active multihoming capability that enables you to connect a customer edge device to two or more provider edge (PE) devices to provide load balancing and redundant connectivity. The load balancing is done using equal-cost multipath (ECMP).

When a CE device is multi-homed to two or more PEs and when all PEs can forward traffic to and from the multi-homed device for the VLAN, then such multihoming is referred to as all-active multihoming.

Consider the topology in which CE1 is multi-homed to PE1 and PE2; CE2 is multi-homed to PE3 and PE4. PE1 and PE2 will advertise an EAD per EVI route per AC to remote PEs which is PE3 and PE4, with the associated MPLS label. The ES-EAD route is advertised per ES (main interface), and it will not have a label. Similarly, PE3 and PE4 advertise an EAD per EVI route per AC to remote PEs, which is PE1 and PE2, with the associated MPLS label.

Consider a traffic flow from CE1 to CE2. Traffic is sent to either PE1 or PE2. The selection of path is dependent on the CE implementation for forwarding over a LAG. Traffic is encapsulated at each PE and forwarded to the remote PEs (PE 3 and PE4) through MPLS core. Selection of the destination PE is established by flow-based load balancing. PE3 and PE4 send the traffic to CE2. The selection of path from PE3 or PE4 to CE2 is established by flow-based load balancing.

If there is a failure and when the link from CE1 to PE1 goes down, the PE1 withdraws the ES-EAD route; sends a signal to the remote PEs to switch all the VPWS service instances associated with this multi-homed ES to backup PE, which is PE2.

The Flow Label support for EVPN VPWS feature enables provider (P) routers to use the flow-based load balancing to forward traffic between the provider edge (PE) devices. This feature uses Flow-Aware Transport (FAT) of pseudowires (PW) over an MPLS packet switched network for load-balancing traffic across BGP-based signaled pseudowires for Ethernet VPN (EVPN) Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS).

FAT PWs provide the capability to identify individual flows within a PW and provide routers the ability to use these flows to load-balance the traffic. FAT PWs are used to load balance the traffic in the core when equal cost multipaths (ECMP) are used. A flow label is created based on indivisible packet flows entering an imposition PE. This flow label is inserted as the lower most label in the packet. P routers use the flow label for load balancing to provide better traffic distribution across ECMP paths or link-bundled paths in the core. A flow is identified either by the source and destination IP address of the traffic, or the source and destination MAC address of the traffic.

The following figure shows a FAT PW with two flows distributing over ECMPs and bundle links.

An extra label is added to the stack, called the flow label, which is generated for each unique incoming flow on the PE. A flow label is a unique identifier that distinguishes a flow within the PW, and is derived from source and destination MAC addresses, and source and destination IP addresses. The flow label contains the end of label stack (EOS) bit set. The flow label is inserted after the VC label and before the control word (if any). The ingress PE calculates and forwards the flow label. The FAT PW configuration enables the flow label. The egress PE discards the flow label such that no decisions are made.

Core routers perform load balancing using the flow-label in the FAT PW with other information like MAC address and IP address. The flow-label adds greater entropy to improve traffic load balancing. Therefore, it is possible to distribute flows over ECMPs and link bundles.

In this topology, the imposition router, PE1, adds a flow label in the traffic. The disposition router, PE2, allows mixed types of traffic of which some have flow label, others do not. The P router uses flow label to load balance the traffic between the PEs. PE2 ignores the flow label in traffic, and uses one EVPN label for all unicast traffic.

Decoupled mode is a configuration for Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks (L2VPN) and Ethernet VPN Virtual Private Wire Services (EVPN VPWS) that

• enhances network reliability and resilience,

• enables the pseudowire (PW) to operate independently of the Attachment Circuit (AC), ensuring uninterrupted PW traffic even when the AC fails, and

• uses a cross-connect (XC), a virtual connection linking the AC and PW segments, to manage state transitions effectively.