The PPPoE QinQ Support feature adds another layer of IEEE 802.1Q tag (called "metro tag" or "PE-VLAN") to the 802.1Q tagged packets that enter the network. The purpose is to expand the VLAN space by tagging the tagged packets, thus producing a "double-tagged" frame. The expanded VLAN space allows service providers to offer assorted services on different VLANs. For example, certain customers can be provided Internet access on specific VLANs while other customers receive different services on other VLANs.

Generally the service provider's customers require a range of VLANs to handle multiple applications. Service providers can allow their customers to use this feature to safely assign their own VLAN IDs on subinterfaces because these subinterface VLAN IDs are encapsulated within a service provider-designated VLAN ID for that customer. Therefore there is no overlap of VLAN IDs among customers, nor does traffic from different customers become mixed. The double-tagged frame is "terminated" or assigned on a subinterface through use of an expanded encapsulation dot1q command that specifies the two VLAN ID tags (outer VLAN ID and inner VLAN ID) terminated on the subinterface. See GUID-4F84754A-0E3E-48CF-BA54-330C5DB273467.

The PPPoE QinQ Support feature is generally supported on whichever Cisco IOS XE features or protocols are supported on the subinterface. For example, if you can run PPPoE on the subinterface, you can configure a double-tagged frame for PPPoE. IPoQinQ supports IP packets that are double-tagged for QinQ VLAN tag termination by forwarding IP traffic with the double-tagged (also known as stacked) 802.1Q headers.

A primary consideration is whether you assign ambiguous or unambiguous subinterfaces for the inner VLAN ID. See the Unambiguous and Ambiguous Subinterfaces.

The primary benefit for the service provider is a reduced number of VLANs supported for the same number of customers. Other benefits of this feature are as follows:

• PPPoE scalability. Expanding the available VLAN space from 4096 to about 16.8 million (4096 times 4096) allows the number of PPPoE sessions that can be terminated on a given interface to be multiplied.
• When deploying Gigabyte Ethernet DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM) in a wholesale model, you can assign the inner VLAN ID to represent the end-customer virtual circuit (VC) and assign the outer VLAN ID to represent the service provider ID.

The QinQ VLAN tag termination feature is simpler than the IEEE 802.1Q tunneling feature deployed for switches. Whereas switches require IEEE 802.1Q tunnels on interfaces to carry double-tagged traffic, routers need only encapsulate QinQ VLAN tags within another level of 802.1Q tags in order for the packets to arrive at the correct destination.

Figure 1

Untagged, 802.1Q-Tagged, and Double-Tagged Ethernet Frames

For the emerging broadband Ethernet-based DSLAM market, the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers support QinQ encapsulation. With the Ethernet-based DSLAM model shown in the figure below, customers typically get their own VLAN; all these VLANs are aggregated on a DSLAM.

Figure 2

Broadband Ethernet-Based DSLAM Model of QinQ VLANs

VLAN aggregation on a DSLAM will result in many aggregate VLANs that at some point need to be terminated on the broadband remote access servers (BRASs). Although the model could connect the DSLAMs directly to the BRAS, a more common model uses the existing Ethernet-switched network where each DSLAM VLAN ID is tagged with a second tag (QinQ) as it connects into the Ethernet-switched network.

Both PPPoE sessions and IP can be enabled on a subinterface. The PPPoEoQinQ model is a PPP-terminated session.

PPPoEQinQ and IPoQinQ encapsulation processing is an extension to 802.1Q encapsulation processing. A QinQ frame looks like a VLAN 802.1Q frame; the only difference is that it has two 802.1Q tags instead of one. See Broadband Ethernet-Based DSLAM Model of QinQ VLANs.

QinQ encapsulation supports configurable outer tag Ethertype. The configurable Ethertype field values are 0x8100 (default), 0x9100, 0x9200, and 0x8848. See the figure below.

Figure 3

Supported Configurable Ethertype Field Values

Note	Only PPPoE is supported on ambiguous subinterfaces. Standard IP routing is not supported on ambiguous subinterfaces.

The encapsulation dot1q command is used to configure QinQ termination on a subinterface. The command accepts an outer VLAN ID and one or more inner VLAN IDs. The outer VLAN ID always has a specific value, and the inner VLAN ID can either be a specific value or a range of values.

A subinterface that is configured with a single inner VLAN ID is called an unambiguous QinQ subinterface. In the following example, QinQ traffic with an outer VLAN ID of 101 and an inner VLAN ID of 1001 is mapped to the Gigabit Ethernet 1/1/0.100 subinterface:

Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet1/1/0.100
Router(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 101 second-dot1q 1001

A subinterface that is configured with multiple inner VLAN IDs is called an ambiguous QinQ subinterface. By allowing multiple inner VLAN IDs to be grouped, ambiguous QinQ subinterfaces allow for a smaller configuration, improved memory usage, and better scalability.

In the following example, QinQ traffic with an outer VLAN ID of 101 and inner VLAN IDs anywhere in the 2001-2100 and 3001-3100 range is mapped to the Gigabit Ethernet 1/1/0.101 subinterface:

Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet1/1/0.101
Router(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 101 second-dot1q 2001-2100,3001-3100

Ambiguous subinterfaces can also use the anykeyword to specify the inner VLAN ID.

See the Configuration Examples for PPPoE QinQ Support for an example of how VLAN IDs are assigned to subinterfaces, and for a detailed example of how the any keyword is used on ambiguous subinterfaces.

Note	The any keyword in the second-dot1qkeyword is not supported on a subinterface configured for IPoQinQ because IP routing is not supported on ambiguous subinterfaces. Therefore, multiple values and ranges for the inner VLAN ID are not supported on IPoQinQ.

1.    enable

2.    configure terminal

3.    interface type slot /subslot/port

4.    dot1q tunneling ethertype ethertype

5.    exit

6.    interface type slot /subslot/port[.subinterface]

7.    encapsulation dot1q vlan-id second-dot1q {any | vlan-id| vlan-id - vlan-id[, vlan-id - vlan-id]}

8.    pppoe enable [group group-name]

9.    ip address ip-address mask [secondary]

10.    exit

11.    Repeat Step 6 to configure another subinterface.

12.    Repeat Step 7, Step 8, and Step 9, as required, to specify the VLAN tags to be terminated on the subinterface.

13.    end

1.    enable

2.    show running-config

3.    show vlans dot1q [internal | interface-type interface-number.subinterface-number[detail] | outer-id[interface-type interface-number | second-dot1q [inner-id| any]] [detail]]

Router> enable

Router# show running-config
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.201
 encapsulation dot1Q 201
 ip address 10.7.7.5 255.255.255.252
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.401
 encapsulation dot1Q 401
 ip address 10.7.7.13 255.255.255.252
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.201999
 encapsulation dot1Q 201 second-dot1q any
 pppoe enable
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2012001
 encapsulation dot1Q 201 second-dot1q 2001
 ip address 10.8.8.9 255.255.255.252
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2012002
 encapsulation dot1Q 201 second-dot1q 2002
 ip address 10.8.8.13 255.255.255.252
 pppoe enable
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.4019999
 encapsulation dot1Q 401 second-dot1q 100-900,1001-2000
 pppoe enable
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.101
 encapsulation dot1Q 101
 ip address 10.7.7.1 255.255.255.252
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.301
 encapsulation dot1Q 301
 ip address 10.7.7.9 255.255.255.252
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.301999
 encapsulation dot1Q 301 second-dot1q any
 pppoe enable
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.1011001
 encapsulation dot1Q 101 second-dot1q 1001
 ip address 10.8.8.1 255.255.255.252
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.1011002
 encapsulation dot1Q 101 second-dot1q 1002
 ip address 10.8.8.5 255.255.255.252
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.1019999
 encapsulation dot1Q 101 second-dot1q 1-1000,1003-2000
 pppoe enable

Router# show vlans dot1q
Total statistics for 802.1Q VLAN 1:
   441 packets, 85825 bytes input
   1028 packets, 69082 bytes output
Total statistics for 802.1Q VLAN 101:
   5173 packets, 510384 bytes input
   3042 packets, 369567 bytes output
Total statistics for 802.1Q VLAN 201:
   1012 packets, 119254 bytes input
   1018 packets, 120393 bytes output
Total statistics for 802.1Q VLAN 301:
   3163 packets, 265272 bytes input
   1011 packets, 120750 bytes output
Total statistics for 802.1Q VLAN 401:
   1012 packets, 119254 bytes input
   1010 packets, 119108 bytes output

Some ambiguous subinterfaces can use the any keyword for the inner VLAN ID specification. The any keyword represents any inner VLAN ID that is not explicitly configured on any other interface. In the following example, seven subinterfaces are configured with various outer and inner VLAN IDs.

Note	The any keyword can be configured on only one subinterface of a specified physical interface and outer VLAN ID.

Note	The any keyword in the second-dot1qkeyword is not supported on a subinterface configured for IPoQinQ because IP routing is not supported on ambiguous subinterfaces. Therefore, multiple values and ranges for the inner VLAN ID are not supported on IPoQinQ.

interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.1
 encapsulation dot1q 100 second-dot1q 100
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.2
 encapsulation dot1q 100 second-dot1q 200
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.3
 encapsulation dot1q 100 second-dot1q 300-400,500-600
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.4
 encapsulation dot1q 100 second-dot1q any
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.5
 encapsulation dot1q 200 second-dot1q 50
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.6
 encapsulation dot1q 200 second-dot1q 1000-2000,3000-4000
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.7
 encapsulation dot1q 200 second-dot1q any

The table below shows which subinterfaces are mapped to different values of the outer and inner VLAN IDs on QinQ frames that come in on Gigabit Ethernet (GE) interface 1/0/0.

A new subinterface is now configured:

interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0.8
 encapsulation dot1q 200 second-dot1q 200-600,900-999

The table below shows the changes made to the table for the outer VLAN ID of 200. Notice that subinterface 1/0/0.7 configured with the any keyword now has new inner VLAN ID mappings.