Hotspot 2.0

Hotspot 2.0

Hotspot 2.0 is a network interworking feature that

  • enables IEEE 802.11 devices to interwork with external networks

  • provides network discovery and selection services, and

  • allows mobile devices to join Wi-Fi networks automatically, including during roaming.

Hotspot 2.0 components

The Hotspot 2.0 feature has four distinct parts:

  • Hotspot 2.0 Beacon Advertisement: Allows a mobile device to discover Hotspot 2.0-compatible and 802.11u-compatible WLANs.

  • Access Network Query Protocol (ANQP) Queries: Sends queries about the networks from IEEE 802.11 devices, such as network type (private or public); connectivity type (local network, internet connection, and so on), or the network providers supported by a given network.

  • Online Sign-up: Allows a mobile device to obtain credentials to authenticate itself with the Hotspot 2.0 or WLAN.

  • Authentication and Session Management: Provides authentication (802.1x) and management of the STA session (session expiration, extension, and so on).

Hotspot 2.0, also known as HS2 and Wi-Fi Certified Passpoint, is based on the IEEE 802.11u and Wi-Fi Alliance Hotspot 2.0 standards. It seeks to provide better bandwidth and services-on-demand to end users.

The interworking service aids network discovery and selection, enabling information transfer from external networks. It provides information to the stations about the networks before association.

Interworking not only helps users within the home, enterprise, and public access domains, but also assists manufacturers and operators to provide common components and services for IEEE 802.11 customers. These services are configured on a per-WLAN basis on the Cisco Wireless Controller (controller).

In order to mark a WLAN as Hotspot 2.0-compatible, the 802.11u-mandated information element and the Hotspot 2.0 information element is added to the basic service set (BSS) beacon advertised by the corresponding AP, and in WLAN probe responses.


Note

The Hotspot 2.0 feature supports only local mode or FlexConnect mode (central switching and central authentication).

FlexConnect local switching is only supported when the Open Roaming configuration template is set up using the wireless hotspot ANQP-server server-name type open-roaming command. If the configuration diverges from this template, FlexConnect local switching will not be supported.

This figure shows a standard deployment of the Hotspot 2.0 network architecture:

Figure 1. Hotspot 2.0 Deployment Topology

Open roaming

Open roaming is a configuration feature that

  • enables mobile users to automatically and seamlessly roam across Wi-Fi and cellular networks

  • simplifies the task of setting up a Hotspot 2.0 ANQP server with a new configuration template, and

  • is supported from Cisco IOS XE Amsterdam Release 17.2.1 on the controller.

Open roaming configuration options

When you configure open roaming, fixed ANQP parameters are automatically populated.

You can configure different identity types by defining roaming organizational identifiers. The organizational unique identifier (OUI) is a three-octet number that identifies the type of organizations available in a given roaming consortium. The OUI list determines the type of identities allowed to roam into the network. The default configuration allows all the identities on the access network. However, access networks can customize the Roaming Consortium Organization Identifier (RCOI) they advertise.

You can configure three types of policies for access networks:

  • Allow all: Accepts users from any identity provider (IDP), with any privacy policy.

  • Real ID: Accepts users from any IDP, but only with a privacy policy that shares real identity (anonymous not accepted).

  • Custom: Accepts users of select identity types and privacy policies associated with the identity types; basically all the other RCOIs.

Users can select the following privacy modes:

  • Anonymous

  • Share real identity

The list of currently defined organizational identifiers and their aliases are given in the following table.

Table 1. Roaming organizational identifiers and aliases

Description

Roaming Organizational Identifier

WBA Value

Display Name

All

004096

5A03BA0000

All

All with real ID

00500b

5A03BA1000

All with real-ID only

All paid members

00500f

BAA2D00000

All paid

Device manufacturer all ID

00502a

5A03BA0A00

Device Manufacturer

Device manufacturer real ID only

0050a7

5A03BA1A00

Device Manufacturer real-ID

Cloud or Social ID

005014

5A03BA0200

Cloud ID

Cloud or Social real ID

0050bd

5A03BA1200

Cloud ID real-ID

Enterprise Employee ID

00503e

5A03BA0300

Enterprise ID

Enterprise Employee real ID

0050d1

5A03BA1300

Enterprise ID real ID

Enterprise Customer ID

005050

-

Enterprise Customer program ID

Enterprise Customer real ID

0050e2

-

Enterprise Customer program real ID

Loyalty Retail ID

005053

5A03BA0B00

Loyalty Retail

Loyalty Retail real ID

0050f0

5A03BA1B00

Loyalty Retail real ID

Loyalty Hospitality ID

005054

5A03BA0600

Loyalty Hospitality

Loyalty Hospitality real ID

00562b

5A03BA1600

Loyalty Hospitality real ID

SP free Bronze Qos

005073

5A03BA0100

SP free Bronze Qos

SP free Bronze Qos Real ID

0057D2

5A03BA1100

SP free Bronze Qos Real ID

SP paid Bronze QoS

-

BAA2D00100

SP paid Bronze QoS

SP paid Bronze QoS real ID

-

BAA2D01100

SP paid Bronze QoS real ID

SP paid Silver QoS

-

BAA2D02100

SP paid Silver QoS

SP paid Silver QoS real ID

-

BAA2D03100

SP paid Silver QoS real ID

SP paid Gold QoS

-

BAA2D04100

SP paid Gold QoS

SP paid Gold QoS real ID

-

BAA2D05100

SP paid Gold QoS real ID

Government ID free

-

5A03BA0400

Government ID free

Automotive ID free

-

5A03BA0500

Automotive ID free

Automotive Paid

-

BAA2D00500

Automotive Paid

Education or Research ID free

-

5A03BA0800

Education or Research ID free

Cable ID free

-

5A03BA0900

Cable ID free

Configure Hotspot 2.0

Configure an access network query protocol server (CLI)

Set up an Access Network Query Protocol (ANQP) server to define and advertise services offered by an AP at Wi-Fi Hotspot 2.0 locations.

The Access Network Query Protocol Server (ANQP) is a query and response protocol that defines the services offered by an AP, usually at a Wi-Fi Hotspot 2.0.


Note

When configuring roaming-OI in the ANQP server, ensure that you set the beacon keyword for at least one roaming-OI, as mandated by the 802.11u standard.

Procedure

Step 1

Enter global configuration mode.

Example:
Device# configure terminal

Step 2

Configure a Hotspot 2.0 ANQP server.

Example:
Device(config)# wireless hotspot anqp-server server-name
Example:
Device(config)# wireless hotspot anqp-server my_server

Step 3

Add a description for the ANQP server.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# description description
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# description "My Hotspot 2.0"

Step 4

Configure a 802.11u Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) cellular network.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# 3gpp-info mobile-country-code mobile-network-code
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# 3gpp-info us mcc

The mobile-country-code should be a 3-digit decimal number. The mobile-network-code should be a 2-digit or 3-digit decimal number.

Step 5

Configure the ANQP reply fragmentation threshold, in bytes.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# anqp fragmentation-threshold threshold-value
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# anqp fragmentation-threshold 100

The ANQP protocol can be customized by setting the fragmentation threshold, after which the ANQP reply is split into multiple messages.

Note

 

We recommend that you use the default values for the deployment.

Step 6

Configure the Hotspot 2.0 ANQP domain identifier.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# anqp-domain-id domain-id
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# anqp-domain-id 100

Step 7

Configure the 802.11u network authentication type.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# authentication-type {dns-redirect | http-https-redirect | online-enrollment | terms-and-conditions}
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# authentication-type online-enrollment

Depending on the authentication type, a URL is needed for HTTP and HTTPS.

Step 8

Configure the Hotspot 2.0 protocol and port capabilities.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# connection-capability ip-protocol port-number {closed|open|unknown}
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# connection-capability 12 40 open

Note

 

Hotspot 2.0 specifications require that you predefine some open ports and protocols. Ensure that you meet these requirements in order to comply with the Hotspot 2.0 specifications. See the connection-capability command in the Cisco Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controller Command Reference document for a list of open ports and protocols.

Step 9

Configure an 802.11u domain name.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# domain domain-name
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# domain my-domain

You can configure up to 32 domain names. The domain-name should not exceed 220 characters.

Step 10

Configure an 802.11u IPv4 address type in the Hotspot 2.0 network.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# ipv4-address-type ipv4-address-type
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# ipv4-address-type public

Step 11

Configure an 802.11u IPv6 address type in the Hotspot 2.0 network.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# ipv6-address-type ipv6-address-type
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# ipv6-address-type available

Step 12

Configure an 802.11u NAI realm profile that identifies the realm that is accessible using the AP.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# nai-realm realm-name
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# nai cisco.com

Step 13

Configure a Hotspot 2.0-operating class identifier.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# operating-class class-id
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# operating-class 25

Step 14

Configure a Hotspot 2.0 operator-friendly name in a given language.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# operator operator-name language-code
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# operator XYZ-operator eng

Use only the first three letters of the language, in lower case, for the language code. For example, use eng for English.

To see the full list of language codes, go to: http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php.

Note

 

You can configure only one operator per language.

Step 15

Configure the SSID that wireless clients will use for OSU.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# osu-ssid SSID
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# osu-ssid test

The SSID length can be up to 32 characters.

Step 16

Configure the 802.11u roaming organization identifier.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# roaming-oi OI-value [beacon]
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# roaming-oi 24 beacon

If the beacon keyword is specified, the roaming OUI is advertised in the AP WLAN beacon or probe response. Otherwise, it will only be returned while performing the roaming OUI ANQP query.

Note

 

The hex string of a roaming OUI should contain only lowercase letters.

Step 17

Configure the 802.11u venue information.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# venue venue-name language-code
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# venue bank eng

The venue-name should not exceed 220 characters and the language-code should only be 2 or 3 lowercase letters (a-z) in length.

The ANQP server is configured and will advertise the specified network services and capabilities to wireless clients performing 802.11u queries at the Hotspot 2.0 location.

Configure open roaming (CLI)

Set up a Hotspot 2.0 ANQP server with open roaming configuration to enable seamless wireless connectivity across participating networks.
The new configuration template of the open roaming ANQP server simplifies the task of setting up a Hotspot 2.0 ANQP server. When you configure open roaming using this template, default ANQP parameters are automatically populated. The default values defined in the template always override any user-defined configuration values.

For example, these are the default values enforced with the type open-roaming template:

  • nai-realm open.openroaming.org

  • eap-method eap-tls

  • eap-method eap-ttls

  • inner-auth-non-eap mschap-v2

  • inner-auth-non-eap pap

  • eap-method eap-aka

You can add more fields to the existing template, but ensure that they do not overlap with the existing default values. Also, if you change any of these default values, you will need to re-configure every time you enter in ANQP type open-roaming config.
Procedure

Step 1

Enter global configuration mode.

Example:
Device# configure terminal

Step 2

Configure a Hotspot 2.0 ANQP server with open roaming.

Example:
Device(config)# wireless hotspot anqp-server server-name type open-roaming
Example:
Device(config)# wireless hotspot anqp-server my-server type open-roaming

Step 3

Set the open roaming element alias.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# open-roaming-oi alias
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# open-roaming-oi allow-all

Step 4

Configure a preferred domain name to ensure that clients roam into a preferred network.

Example:
Device(config)# domain domain-name
Example:
Device(config)# domain my-domain

You can configure up to 32 domain names. The domain-name should not exceed 220 characters.
The open roaming ANQP server is configured with the specified settings, enabling clients to seamlessly roam across participating open roaming networks.

Configure WAN metrics

Set up Wide Area Network (WAN) parameters such as uplink and downlink speed, link status, and load for Hotspot 2.0 ANQP server configuration.
This procedure shows you how to configure the Wide Area Network (WAN) parameters such as uplink and downlink speed, link status, load, and so on.
Procedure

Step 1

Enter global configuration mode.

Example:
Device# configure terminal

Step 2

Configure a Hotspot 2.0 ANQP server.

Example:
Device(config)# wireless hotspot anqp-server server-name
Example:
Device(config)# wireless hotspot anqp-server my_server

Step 3

Configure the WAN downlink load.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# wan-metrics downlink-load load-value
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# wan-metrics downlink-load 100

Step 4

Configure the WAN downlink speed, in kbps.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# wan-metrics downlink-speed speed
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# wan-metrics downlink-speed 1000

Step 5

Configure the WAN link to operate at its maximum capacity.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# wan-metrics full-capacity-link

Step 6

Set the WAN link status.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# wan-metrics link-status {down|not-configured|test-state|up}
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# wan-metrics link-status down

Step 7

Configure the uplink or downlink load measurement duration.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# wan-metrics load-measurement-duration duration
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# wan-metrics 
load-measurement-duration 100

Step 8

Configure the WAN uplink load.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# wan-metrics uplink-load load-value
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# wan-metrics uplink-load 100

Step 9

Configure the WAN uplink speed, in kbps.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# wan-metrics uplink-speed speed
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# wan-metrics uplink-speed 1000
The WAN metrics are now configured for the Hotspot 2.0 ANQP server with the specified parameters for network performance monitoring and reporting.

Configure OSU provider (CLI)

Configure an OSU (Online Sign-Up) provider to enable wireless clients to connect and provision network access through the Hotspot/OpenRoaming service.

Use this procedure to set up an OSU provider with the necessary configuration parameters including provider name, NAI realm, authentication methods, server URI, icon configuration, and friendly names for different languages.

Before you begin

Follow these steps to configure OSU provider using CLI:

Procedure

Step 1

Enter global configuration mode.

Example:
Device# configure terminal

Step 2

Configure an icon for Hotspot 2.0 and its parameters, such as media type, language code, icon width, and icon height.

Example:
Device(config)# wireless hotspot icon bootflash:system-file-name media-type
language-code icon-width icon-height
Device(config)# wireless hotspot bootflash:logo1 image eng 100 200

Step 3

Configure a Hotspot 2.0 ANQP server.

Example:
Device(config)# wireless hotspot anqp-server server-name
Device(config)# wireless hotspot anqp-server my_server

Step 4

Configure a Hotspot 2.0 OSU provider name.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# osu-provider osu-provider-name
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# osu-provider my-osu

Step 5

Configure the name of the OSU operator in a given language.

Example:
Device(config-anqp-osu-provider)# name osu-operator-name lang-code description
Device(config-anqp-osu-provider)# name xyz-oper eng xyz-operator

The OSU operator name and description should not exceed 220 characters. The language code should be 2 or 3 lower-case letters (a-z).

Step 6

Configure the server Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) of the OSU operator.

Example:
Device(config-anqp-osu-provider)# server-uri server-uri
Device(config-anqp-osu-provider)# server-uri cisco.com

Step 7

Configure the primary supported OSU method of the OSU operator.

Example:
Device(config-anqp-osu-provider)# method {oma-dm | soap-xml-spp}
Device(config-anqp-osu-provider)# method oma-dm

Step 8

Configures the Network Access Identifier (NAI) realm of the OSU operator.

Example:
Device(config-anqp-osu-provider)# nai-realm nai-realm
Device(config-anqp-osu-provider)# nai-realm cisco.com

The nai-realm should not exceed 220 characters.

Step 9

Configure the icon for the OSU provider.

Example:
Device(config-anqp-osu-provider)# icon file-name
Device(config-anqp-osu-provider)# icon xyz.jpeg

The file-name should not exceed 100 characters.

The OSU provider is configured and applied to the device, enabling wireless clients to use the Online Sign-Up service for network provisioning.

Configure Hotspot 2.0 WLAN

Set up a Hotspot 2.0 enabled WLAN to provide standardized Wi-Fi access for mobile devices.
Hotspot 2.0 WLANs enable automatic network discovery and connection for compatible devices, providing a seamless wireless experience in public and enterprise environments.
Procedure

Step 1

Enter global configuration mode.

Example:
Device# configure terminal

Step 2

Configure a WLAN and enter WLAN configuration mode.

Example:
Device(config)# wlan wlan-name wlan-id ssid
Example:
Device(config)# wlan hs2 1 hs2

Step 3

Configure random GTK for hole 196 mitigation.

Example:
Device(config-wlan)# security wpa 
wpa2 gtk-randomize

Hole 196 is the name of WPA2 vulnerability.

Step 4

Enable the WLAN.

Example:
Device(config-wlan)# no shutdown
The Hotspot 2.0 WLAN is configured and enabled, allowing compatible devices to automatically discover and connect to the network.

Configure an online subscription with encryption WLAN (CLI)

Enable secure onboarding for Hotspot 2.0 networks by configuring an OSEN WLAN to obtain necessary credentials.
Online subscription with Encryption (OSEN) WLAN is used to onboard a Hotspot 2.0 network (to get the necessary credentials) in a secure manner.
Procedure

Step 1

Enter global configuration mode.

Example:
Device# configure terminal

Step 2

Configure a WLAN and enter WLAN configuration mode.

Example:
Device(config)# wlan wlan-name wlan-id ssid
Example:
Device(config)# wlan hs2 1 hs2

Step 3

Enable WPA OSEN security support.

Example:
Device(config-wlan)# security wpa osen

Note

 

OSEN and robust security network (RSN) are mutually exclusive. If RSN is enabled on a WLAN, OSEN cannot be enabled on the same WLAN.

Step 4

Enable the WLAN.

Example:
Device(config-wlan)# no shutdown
The OSEN WLAN is configured and enabled, allowing secure onboarding for Hotspot 2.0 network credentials. Note that you cannot apply a policy profile to the OSEN WLAN if a Hotspot 2.0 server is enabled on the WLAN.

Attach an ANQP server to a policy profile (CLI)

Enable Hotspot 2.0 functionality by attaching an ANQP server to a wireless policy profile.
ANQP (Access Network Query Protocol) servers provide network information to Hotspot 2.0 clients during the discovery and authentication process. This configuration is required for implementing Hotspot 2.0 services.
Procedure

Step 1

Enter global configuration mode.

Example:
Device# configure terminal

Step 2

Configure a policy profile.

Example:
Device(config)# wireless profile policy policy-profile-name
Example:
Device(config)# wireless profile policy policy-hotspot

Step 3

Disable the policy profile.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-policy)# shutdown

Step 4

Attach the Hotspot 2.0 ANQP server to the policy profile.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-policy)# hotspot anqp-server server-name
Example:
Device(config-wireless-policy)# hotspot anqp-server my-server

Step 5

Enable the policy profile.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-policy)# no shutdown
The ANQP server is successfully attached to the policy profile. You must then attach the policy profile to the WLAN to make the WLAN Hotspot 2.0 enabled.

What to do next

Attach the policy profile to the WLAN to make the WLAN Hotspot 2.0 enabled.

Configure interworking for Hotspot 2.0

Enable Hotspot 2.0 interworking capabilities to provide seamless wireless network access for mobile devices.
Hotspot 2.0 interworking allows mobile devices to automatically discover and connect to Wi-Fi networks that provide internet access. This configuration sets up the ANQP (Access Network Query Protocol) server and defines network characteristics for Hotspot 2.0 compliance.
Procedure

Step 1

Enter global configuration mode.

Example:
Device# configure terminal

Step 2

Configure a Hotspot 2.0 ANQP server.

Example:
Device(config)# wireless hotspot anqp-server server-name
Example:
Device(config)# wireless hotspot anqp-server my_server

Step 3

Configure a 802.11u network type.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# network-type network-type internet-access access-level
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# network-type guest-private 
internet-access allowed

The access-level can be allowed or forbidden.

Step 4

(Optional) Configure a homogenous extended service set.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# hessid HESSID-value
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# hessid 12.13.14

Step 5

Select a group type and venue type from the list of available options.

Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# group venue-group venue-type
Example:
Device(config-wireless-anqp-server)# group business bank
Hotspot 2.0 interworking is now configured with the specified ANQP server, network type, and venue information, enabling automatic network discovery and connection for compatible mobile devices.

Configure the Generic Advertisement Service rate limit (CLI)

Control the rate of Generic Advertisement Services (GAS) request action frames to prevent network congestion and optimize performance.
GAS rate limiting helps manage the volume of hotspot service requests processed by the controller and APs, ensuring stable network performance in high-density environments.
Procedure

Step 1

Enter global configuration mode.

Example:
Device# configure terminal

Step 2

Configure an AP profile and enter AP profile configuration mode.

Example:
Device(config)# ap profile profile-name
Example:
Device(config)# ap profile hs2-profile

Step 3

Configure the number of Generic Advertisement Services (GAS) request action frames sent to the controller by an AP in a given interval.

Example:
Device(config-ap-profile)# gas-ap-rate-limit request-number interval
Example:
Device(config-ap-profile)# gas-ap-rate-limit 20 120

Step 4

Return to global configuration mode.

Example:
Device(config-ap-profile)# exit

Step 5

Configure the number of GAS request action frames to be processed by the controller.

Example:
Device(config)# wireless hotspot gas-rate-limit gas-requests-to-process
Example:
Device(config)# wireless hotspot gas-rate-limit 100
The GAS rate limiting is configured to control the processing of hotspot service requests at both the AP and controller levels.

Verify Hotspot 2.0 configuration

Use these show commands to verify the quality of service (QoS) and AP GAS rate limit.

To view whether a QoS map ID is user configured or the default one, use this command:

Device# show ap profile <profile name> detailed

QoS Map                       : user-configured

To view the QoS map values used and their source, use this command:

Device# show ap profile <profile name> qos-map  

QoS Map                       : default
DSCP ranges to User Priorities
 User Priority   DSCP low   DSCP high   Upstream UP to DSCP
-----------------------------------------------------------
             0          0           7                     0
             2         16          23                    10
             3         24          31                    18
             4         32          39                    26
             5         40          47                    34
             6         48          55                    46
             7         56          63                    48

DSCP to UP mapping exceptions
 DSCP   User Priority
---------------------
    0               0
    2               1
    4               1
    6               1
   10               2
   12               2
   14               2
   18               3
   20               3
   22               3

To view the AP rate limiter configuration, use this command:

Device# show ap name AP0462.73e8.f2c0 config general | i GAS

GAS rate limit Admin status                     : Enabled
Number of GAS request per interval              : 30
GAS rate limit interval (msec)                  : 100