- Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge MIBs for Ethernet, Frame Relay, and ATM Services
- MPLS EM�MPLS LSP Multipath Tree Trace
- MPLS Enhancements to Interfaces MIB
- MPLS Label Distribution Protocol MIB
- MPLS Label Distribution Protocol MIB Version 8 Upgrade
- MPLS LSP Ping/Traceroute for LDP/TE, and LSP Ping for VCCV
- MPLS Label Switching Router MIB
- Monitoring MPLS VPNs with MIBs
- MPLS Traffic Engineering - Fast Reroute MIB
- MPLS Traffic Engineering MIB
- MPLS VPN�MIB Support
- MPLS VPN�SNMP Notifications
MPLS: Embedded Management and MIBs Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release x.x
Bias-Free Language
The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. Exceptions may be present in the documentation due to language that is hardcoded in the user interfaces of the product software, language used based on RFP documentation, or language that is used by a referenced third-party product. Learn more about how Cisco is using Inclusive Language.
- Updated:
- February 12, 2008
Chapter: MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
This document describes the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent support in Cisco IOS for Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Virtual Private Network (VPN) event notifications as implemented in the notifications section of the draft MPLS/BGP Virtual Private Network Management Information Base Using SMIv2 (draft-ietf-ppvpn-mpls-vpn-mib-03.txt).
The MPLS VPN technology allows service providers to offer intranet and extranet VPN services that directly connect their customers' remote offices to a public network with the same security and service levels that a private network offers. The Provider-Provisioned VPN (PPVPN)-MPLS-VPN MIB notifications provide SNMP notification for critical MPLS VPN events.
The MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications feature provides the following benefits:
•
A standards-based SNMP interface for retrieving information about critical MPLS VPN events.
•The generation and queuing of notifications that call attention to major changes in the operational status of MPLS VPN enabled interfaces; the forwarding of notification messages to a designated NMS for evaluation and action by network administrators.
•Advanced warning when VPN routing tables are approaching or exceed their capacity.
•Warnings about the reception of illegal labels on a VRF enabled interface. Such receptions may indicate misconfiguration or an attempt to violate security.
Feature Specifications for the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
Note In Cisco IOS Releases 12.0(21)ST and 12.0(22)S, the PPVPN MPLS-VPN-MIB notifications are described in the MPLS VPN—SNMP MIB Support feature module.
Determining Platform Support Through Cisco Feature Navigator
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco IOS and Catalyst OS software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Availability of Cisco IOS Software Images
Platform support for particular Cisco IOS software releases is dependent on the availability of the software images for those platforms. Software images for some platforms may be deferred, delayed, or changed without prior notice. For updated information about platform support and availability of software images for each Cisco IOS software release, refer to the online release notes or, if supported, Cisco Feature Navigator.
Contents
•Prerequisites for MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
•Restrictions for MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
•Information About MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
•How to Configure the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
•Configuration Examples for MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
Prerequisites for MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
TheMPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications feature requires the following:
•SNMP is installed and enabled on the label switching routers.
•MPLS is enabled on the label switching routers.
•Multiprotocol BGP is enabled on the label switching routers.
•Cisco Express Forwarding is enabled on the label switching routers.
Restrictions for MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
The following restrictions apply to the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications feature:
•The MPLS-VPN-MIB agent is not implemented in this release.
•Configuration of the MIB using the SNMP SET command is not supported in this release.
•The retrieval of MPLS-VPN-MIB objects using SNMP GET is not supported in this release.
Information About MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
You need to understand the following information to configure and use the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications feature:
•Cisco Implementation of MPLS-VPN-MIB
•Notification Specification for MPLS-VPN-MIB
•Monitoring the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
Cisco Implementation of MPLS-VPN-MIB
SNMP agent code operating in conjunction with the notifications of the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications feature enables a standardized, SNMP-based approach to monitoring the MPLS-VPN-MIB notifications that aid in the management of MPLS VPNs in Cisco IOS.
The MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications feature is based on the IETF draft specification draft-ietf-ppvpn-mpls-vpn-mib-02.txt, which includes notification objects that support MPLS VPN notification events. This IETF draft MIB, which undergoes revisions from time to time, is being evolved toward becoming a standard. Accordingly, the Cisco implementation of features of the MPLS-VPN-MIB is expected to track the evolution of the IETF draft MIB, and may change accordingly.
Some slight differences between the IETF draft MIB and the actual implementation of MPLS VPNs within Cisco IOS require some minor translations between the MPLS-VPN-MIB and the internal data structures of Cisco IOS. These translations are accomplished by means of the SNMP agent code. Also, while running as a low priority process, the SNMP agent provides a management interface to Cisco IOS. SNMP adds little overhead on the normal functions of the device.
The SNMP objects defined in the MPLS-VPN-MIB notifications can be viewed by any standard SNMP utility. The network administrator can retrieve information in the MPLS-VPN-MIB using standard SNMP get and getnext operations for SNMP v1, v2, and v3.
All MPLS-VPN-MIB objects are based on the IETF draft MIB; thus, no specific Cisco SNMP application is required to support the functions and operations pertaining to the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications feature.
This section contains the following information about the Cisco implementation of the MPLS-VPN-MIB:
•Capabilities Supported by MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
•Notification Generation Events for the MPLS-VPN-MIB
Capabilities Supported by MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
The following functionality is supported in this release for the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications feature. This feature provides you with the ability to do the following:
•Create and send notification messages that signal changes when critical MPLS VPN events occur.
•Enable, disable, and configure notification messages for MPLS VPN events by using extensions to existing SNMP CLI commands.
•Specify the IP address of a network management system (NMS) in the operating environment to which notification messages are sent.
•Write notification configurations into nonvolatile memory.
Notification Generation Events for the MPLS-VPN-MIB
The following notifications of the MPLS-VPN-MIB are implemented for this release:
•mplsVrfIfUp—Sent to an NMS when an interface comes up and is assigned a VPN routing/forwarding table instance (VRF).
•mplsVrfIfDown—Generated and sent to the NMS when a VRF is removed from an interface or the interface transitions from an operationally "up" state to a "down" state.
Note For the mplsVrfIfUp or mplsVrfIfDown notifications to be issued on ATM or Frame Relay subinterfaces, you must configure the snmp-server traps atm subif command or the snmp-server traps frame-relay subif command on the subinterfaces, respectively.
•mplsNumVrfRouteMidThreshExceeded—Generated and sent when the middle (warning) threshold is crossed. You can configure this threshold in the CLI by using the following commands:
Router(config)# ip vrf vrf-name
Router(config-vrf)# maximum routes <max-thresh> <mid-thresh (% of max)>
This notification is sent to the NMS only at the time the threshold is exceeded. Whenever the number of routes falls below this threshold and exceeds the threshold again, a notification is sent to the NMS. (See Figure 1 for a comparison of the warning and maximum thresholds.)
•mplsNumVrfRouteMaxThreshExceeded—Generated and sent when you attempt to create a route on a VRF that already contains the maximum number of routes as defined by the following CLI commands:
Router(config)# ip vrf vrf-name
Router(config-vrf)# maximum routes <max-thresh> <mid-thresh (% of max)>
A trap notification is sent to the NMS when you attempt to exceed the maximum threshold. Another notification is not sent until the number of routes falls below the maximum threshold and reaches the maximum threshold again. (See Figure 1 for an example of how this notification works and for a comparison of the maximum and warning thresholds.)
Note The maximum routes command sets the number of routes for a VRF. You cannot exceed the number of routes in the VRF that you set with the maximum routes max-thresh CLI command.
Prior to this implementation of the MPLS-VPN-MIB, you were not notified when this threshold (or the warning threshold) was reached.
•mplsNumVrfSecIllegalLabelThreshExceeded—Generated and sent when the amount of illegal labels received on a VRF interface exceeds the threshold mplsVpnVrfSecIllegalLabelRcvThresh. This threshold is defined with a value of 0. Therefore, a notification is sent when the first illegal label is received on a VRF. Labels are considered illegal if they are outside of the valid label range, do not have a Label Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) entry, or the table ID of the message does not match the table ID for the label in the LFIB.
Figure 1 Comparison of Warning and Maximum Thresholds
For information on the Cisco IOS CLI commands for configuring MPLS-VPN-MIB notifications that are to be sent to an NMS, see the "How to Configure the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications" and "Command Reference" sections.
Notification Specification for MPLS-VPN-MIB
In an SNMPv1 notification, each VPN notification has a generic type identifier and an enterprise-specific type identifier for identifying the notification type.
•The generic type for all VPN notifications is "enterpriseSpecific" as this is not one of the generic notification types defined for SNMP.
•The enterprise-specific type is identified as follows:
–1 for mplsVrfIfUp
–2 for mplsVrfIfDown
–3 for mplsNumVrfRouteMidThreshExceeded
–4 for mplsNumVrfRouteMaxThreshExceeded
–5 for mplsNumVrfSecIllegalLabelThreshExceeded
In SNMPv2, the notification type is identified by an SnmpTrapOID varbind (variable binding consisting of an object identifier (OID) type and value) included within the notification message.
Each notification also contains two additional objects from the MPLS-VPN-MIB. These objects provide additional information about the event, as follows:
•The VRF interface up/down notifications provide additional variables—mplsVpnInterfaceConfIndex and mplsVpnVrfName—in the notification. These variables describe the SNMP interface index and the VRF name, respectively.
•The mid and max threshold notifications include the mplsVpnVrfName variable (VRF name) as well as the mplsVpnVrfPerfCurrNumRoutes variable that indicates the current number of routes within the VRF.
•The illegal label notification includes the mplsVpnVrfName variable (VRF name) and the mplsVpnVrfSecIllegalLabelViolations variable that maintains the current count of illegal labels on a VPN.
Monitoring the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
When MPLS-VPN-MIB notifications are enabled, notification messages relating to specific MPLS VPN events within Cisco IOS are generated and sent to a specified NMS in the network. Any utility that supports SNMPv1 or SNMPv2 notifications can receive notification messages.
To monitor MPLS-VPN-MIB notification messages, log in to an NMS that supports a utility that displays SNMP notifications, and start the display utility.
How to Configure the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
This section contains the following procedures. Each task in the list is identified as either required or optional.
•Configuring an SNMP Communtity (required)
•Configure the Router to Send SNMP Traps (required)
•Configure Threshold Values for MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications (required)
The MPLS VPN notifications are enabled or disabled using the extended CLI commands (see the "Command Reference" section).
Configuring an SNMP Communtity
An SNMP community string defines the relationship between the SNMP manager and the agent. The community string acts like a password to regulate access to the agent on the router.
Perform this task to configure an SNMP community.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. show running-config
3. configure terminal
4. snmp-server community string [view view-name] [ro | rw] [number]
5. do copy running-config startup-config
DETAILED STEPS
Configure the Router to Send SNMP Traps
Perform this task to configure the router to send traps to a host.
The snmp-server host command specifies which hosts receive traps. The snmp-server enable traps command globally enables the trap production mechanism for the specified traps.
Note Although you can set the community-string argument using the snmp-server host command by itself, we recommend you define this string using the snmp-server community command prior to using the snmp-server host command.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. snmp-server host host-addr [traps | informs] [version {1 | 2c | 3 [auth | noauth | priv]}] community-string [udp-port port] [notification-type]
4. snmp-server enable traps mpls vpn
5. end
DETAILED STEPS
Configure Threshold Values for MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
Perform this task to configure threshold values for MPLS VPN SNMP notifications.
The mplsNumVrfRouteMidThreshExceeded notification event is generated and sent when the middle (warning) threshold is crossed. You can configure this threshold in the CLI by using the maximum routes command in VRF configuration mode. This notification is sent to the NMS only at the time the threshold is exceeded. Whenever the number of routes falls below this threshold and exceeds the threshold again, a notification is sent to the NMS.
The mplsNumVrfRouteMaxThreshExceeded notification event is generated and sent when you attempt to create a route on a VRF that already contains the maximum number of routes as defined by the maximum routes command in VRF configuration mode. A trap notification is sent to the NMS when you attempt to exceed the maximum threshold. Another notification is not sent until the number of routes falls below the maximum threshold and reaches the maximum threshold again.
(See Figure 1 for an example of how this notification works and for a comparison of the maximum and warning thresholds.)
Note The maximum routes command sets the number of routes for a VRF. You cannot exceed the number of routes in the VRF that you set with the maximum routes max-thresh CLI command.
Prior to this implementation of the MPLS-VPN-MIB, you were not notified when this threshold (or the warning threshold) was reached.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. ip vrf vrf-name
4. maximum routes limit {warn threshold | warn-only}
5. end
DETAILED STEPS
Configuration Examples for MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications
This section contains the following configuration examples for the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications feature:
•Configure the Community Example
•Configure the Router to Send SNMP Traps Examples
•Configure Threshold Values for MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications Examples
Configure the Community Example
The following example shows enabling a simple SNMP community group. This configuration permits any SNMP client to access all MPLS-VPN-MIB objects with read-only access using the community string comaccess.
Router# config terminal
Router(config)# snmp-server community comaccess ro
Verify that the SNMP master agent is enabled for the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications feature:
Router# show running-config | include snmp-server
Building configuration...
....
snmp-server community comaccess RO
....
Note If you do not see any "snmp-server" statements, SNMP has not been enabled on the router.
Configure the Router to Send SNMP Traps Examples
The following example shows you how to enable the router to send MPLS VPN notifications to host 172.20.2.160 using the comaccess community string if a VRF transitions from a down state to an up state or from an up state to a down state.
Router# config terminal
Router(config)# snmp-server host 172.20.2.160 traps comaccess mpls-vpn
Router(config)# snmp-server enable traps mpls vpn vrf-up vrf-down
Configure Threshold Values for MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications Examples
The following example shows how to set a maximum threshold or 10000 routes and a warning threshold that is 80 percent of the maximum threshold for a VRF named vpn1 on a router:
Router(config)# ip vrf vpn1
Router(config)# maximum routes 10000 80
Additional References
For additional information related to the MPLS VPN—SNMP Notifications feature, refer to the following references:
•RFCs
Related Documents
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MPLS Virtual Private Network (VPN) configuration tasks |
Standards
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No new or modified standards are supported by this feature. |
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MIBs
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MPLS/BGP Virtual Private Network Management Information Base Using SMIv2 (draft-ietf-ppvpn-mpls-vpn-mib-03.txt) MPLS-VPN-MIB.my |
To obtain lists of supported MIBs by platform and Cisco IOS release, and to download MIB modules, go to the Cisco MIB website on Cisco.com at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/netmgmt/cmtk/mibs.shtml |
1 Not all supported MIBs are listed. |
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RFCs
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RFC 2233 |
The Interfaces Group MIB using SMIv2 |
1 Not all supported RFCs are listed. |
Technical Assistance
Command Reference
The following commands are introduced or modified in the feature or features documented in this module. For information about these commands, see the Cisco IOS Multiprotocol Label Switching Command Reference at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/mpls/command/reference/mp_book.html. For information about all Cisco IOS commands, go to the Cisco IOS Master Commands List.
•snmp-server enable traps mpls vpn
•snmp-server host
Glossary
ASN.1—Abstract Syntax Notation One. OSI language for describing data types independent of particular computer structures and representation techniques. Described by ISO International Standard 8824.
BGP—Border Gateway Protocol. The exterior Border Gateway Protocol used to exchange routing information between routers in separate autonomous systems. BGP uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Because TCP is a reliable protocol, BGP does not experience problems with dropped or fragmented data packets.
CEF—Cisco Express Forwarding. An advanced Layer 3 IP switching technology. CEF optimizes network performance and scalability for networks with large and dynamic traffic patterns.
CE router—customer edge router. A router on the border between a VPN provider and a VPN customer that belongs to the customer.
community—In SNMP, a logical group of managed devices and NMSs in the same administrative domain.
community name—See community string.
community string—Text string that acts as a password and is used to authenticate messages sent between a managed station and a router containing an SNMP agent. The community string is sent in every packet between the manager and the client. Also called a community name.
IETF—Internet Engineering Task Force. Task force consisting of over 80 working groups responsible for developing Internet standards. The IETF operates under the auspices of ISOC. See also ISOC.
informs—A type of notification message that is more reliable than a conventional trap notification message, because the informs message notification requires acknowledgment, and a trap notification does not.
ISOC—Internet Society. International nonprofit organization, founded in 1992, that coordinates the evolution and use of the Internet. In addition, ISOC delegates authority to other groups related to the Internet, such as the IAB. ISOC is headquartered in Reston, Virginia (United States).
label—A short, fixed-length data construct that tells switching nodes how to forward data (packets or cells).
label distribution protocol—See LDP.
label forwarding information base—See LFIB.
label switch router—See LSR.
LDP—label distribution protocol. A standard protocol between MPLS-enabled routers that is used for the negotiation of the labels (addresses) used to forward packets.
LFIB—label forwarding information base. In the Cisco Label Switching system, the data structure for storing information about incoming and outgoing tags (labels) and associated equivalent packets suitable for labeling.
LSR—label switch router. A device that forwards MPLS packets based on the value of a fixed-length label encapsulated in each packet.
MIB—Management Information Base. Database of network management information that is used and maintained by a network management protocol such as SNMP or CMIP. The value of a MIB object can be changed or retrieved using SNMP or CMIP commands, usually through a GUI network management system. MIB objects are organized in a tree structure that includes public (standard) and private (proprietary) branches.
MPLS—Multiprotocol Label Switching. A method for forwarding packets (frames) through a network. It enables routers at the edge of a network to apply labels to packets (frames). ATM switches or existing routers in the network core can switch packets according to the labels with minimal lookup overhead.
MPLS interface—An interface on which MPLS traffic is enabled.
MPLS VPN—Multiprotocol Label Switching Virtual Private Network. Using MPLS VPNs in a Cisco IOS network provide the capability to deploy and administer scalable Layer 3 VPN backbone services including applications, data hosting network commerce, and telephony services, to business customers. A VPN is a secure IP-based network that shares resources on one or more physical networks. A VPN contains geographically dispersed sites that can communicate securely over a shared backbone.
For an MPLS VPN Solution, an MPLS VPN is a set of PEs that are connected by means of a common "backbone" network to supply private IP interconnectivity between two or more customer sites for a given customer. Each VPN has a set of provisioning templates and policies and can span multiple provider administrative domains (PADs).
Multiprotocol Label Switching—See MPLS.
notification—A message sent by an SNMP agent to a network management station, console, or terminal to indicate that a significant event within Cisco IOS has occurred. See also trap.
NMS—network management system. A powerful, well-equipped computer (typically an engineering workstation) that is used by a network administrator to communicate with other devices in the network. An NMS is typically used to manage network resources, gather statistics, and perform a variety of network administration and configuration tasks.
PE router—provider edge router. A router on the border between a VPN provider and a VPN customer that belongs to the provider.
PPVPN—Provider-Provisioned VPN. The name of the IETF working group that is developing the PPVPN-MPLS-VPN MIB (MPLS-VPN-MIB).
QoS—quality of service. Measure of performance for a transmission system that reflects its transmission quality and service availability.
RSVP—Resource Reservation Protocol. Protocol for reserving network resources to provide Quality of Service guarantees to application flows.
Simple Network Management Protocol—See SNMP.
SNMP—Simple Network Management Protocol. Network management protocol used almost exclusively in TCP/IP networks. SNMP provides a means to monitor and control network devices, and to manage configurations, statistics collection, performance, and security. See also SNMP2.
SNMP2—SNMP Version 2. Version 2 of the popular network management protocol. SNMP2 supports centralized as well as distributed network management strategies, and includes improvements in the SMI, protocol operations, management architecture, and security. See also SNMP.
traffic engineering—The techniques and processes used to cause routed traffic to travel through the network on a path other than the one that would have been chosen if standard routing methods had been used.
trap—A message sent by an SNMP agent to a network management station, console, or terminal, indicating that a significant event occurred. Traps (notifications) are less reliable than inform requests, because the receiver does not send an acknowledgment when it receives a trap. The sender cannot determine if the trap was received. See also notification.
VPN—Virtual Private Network. A group of sites that, as the result of a set of administrative policies, are able to communicate with each other over a shared backbone network. See MPLS VPN.
VRF—VPN routing/forwarding instance. A VRF consists of an IP routing table, a derived forwarding table, a set of interfaces that use the forwarding table, and a set of rules and routing protocols that determine what goes into the forwarding table. In general, a VRF includes the routing information that defines a customer VPN site that is attached to a PE router.
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