Configuring a LAN with DHCP and VLANs
The Cisco 1800 series integrated services fixed-configuration routers support clients on both physical LANs and virtual LANs (VLANs). The routers can use the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to enable automatic assignment of IP configurations for nodes on these networks. Other interfaces and configurations of the VLANs are described in the “Switch Port Configurations” section.
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Fast Ethernet LAN (with multiple networked devices)
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Router and DHCP server—Cisco 1800 series integrated services router—connected to the Internet
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VLAN 1
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VLAN 2
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DHCP
DHCP, which is described in RFC 2131, uses a client/server model for address allocation. As an administrator, you can configure your Cisco 1800 integrated services fixed-configuration router to act as a DHCP server, providing IP address assignment and other TCP/IP-oriented configuration information to your workstations. DHCP frees you from having to manually assign an IP address to each client.
When you configure a DHCP server, you must configure the server properties, policies, and DHCP options.
Note Whenever you change server properties, you must reload the server with the configuration data from the Network Registrar database.
VLANs
The Cisco 1800 series integrated services routers (fixed) support eight Fast Ethernet ports on which you can configure VLANs. See the “Switch Port Configurations” section for a description of the interfaces and features that can be configured on the switch ports and a link to a document containing the configuration procedures.
VLANs enable networks to be segmented and formed into logical groups of users, regardless of the user’s physical location or LAN connection.
Configuration Tasks
Perform the following tasks to configure this network scenario:
Note The procedures in this chapter assume you have already configured basic router features as well as PPPoE or PPPoA with NAT. If you have not performed these configurations tasks, see “Basic Router Configuration,” “Configuring PPP over Ethernet with NAT,” and Chapter 4, “Configuring PPP over ATM with NAT” as appropriate for your router. See the Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide to assign an IP address to the ports.
Switch Port Configurations
The 8 high speed Ethernet ports on the Cisco 1800 (fixed) integrated router supports 8 VLANs per port. To configure and verify VLANs on the switch ports see the the “Configure VLANs” section and the “Verify Your VLAN Configuration” section.
Figure 5-1 VLAN Configuration on the Cisco 1800 (Fixed) Router Showing Three VLAN Segments
Other procedures for configuring the switch ports, including configuration examples and information on the features and interfaces are in the
Cisco HWIC-4ESW and HWIC-9ESW EtherSwitch Interface Cards
document on Cisco.com. See this document to configure the switch ports. The configuration procedures described in this document are listed below.
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Configuring VLANs
(required)
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Configuring VLAN Trunking Protocol (optional)
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Configuring 802.1x Authentication (required)
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Configuring Spanning Tree on a VLAN (required)
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Configuring Layer 2 Interfaces (required)
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Configuring MAC Table Manipulation
(required)
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Configuring the Switched Port Analyzer (required)
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Configuring Power Management on the Interfaces (optional)
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IP Multicast Layer 3 Switching
(required)
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Configuring Per-Port Storm Control (optional)
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Configuring Fallback Bridging (optional)
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Configuring Separate Voice and Data Submits (optional)
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Configuring IGMP Snooping (optional)
This section briefly describes the features and interfaces that can be configured on the VLANs assigned to the switch ports and any differences between the configurations for the HWIC-4ESW and HWIC-9ESW and the configuration of the switch ports.
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
VLAN Trunking Protocol(VTP) supports three types of VTP modes – server, client and transparent modes. In VTP server mode, you create, modify and delete VLANs and specify other configuration parameters such as the VTP version for the entire VTP domain. VTP clients behave the same way as VTP servers, but you cannot create, change or delete VLANs on a VTP client. A VTP transparent switch does not advertise its’ VLAN configuration, and does not synchronize its VLAN configuration based on received advertisements.
802.1x Authentication
The switch port determines whether a client is granted access to the network. In the default setting, the port is in the unauthorized state. While in this state, the port disallows all ingress and egress traffic except for 802.1x packets. When a client has successfully authenticated, the port changes to the authorized state, allowing all traffic for the client to flow normally.
If a client that does not support 802.1x is connected to an unauthorized 802.1x port, the switch requests the client’s identity. In this situation, the client does not respond to the request, the port remains in the unauthorized state, and the client is not granted access to the network.
The 802.1x protocol supports authentication and full authentication, authorization, and accounting [AAA] and RADIUS modes with port VLAN ID (PVID) and voice VLAN ID (VVID); and with VLAN assignment with guest VLAN single and multi-host support on the Cisco 1800 (fixed) Configuration Series.
Note These security features are not supported on the switch ports: Security Access Control Lists, IP Access Control Lists (IP- ACLs) for Layer 2 ports, and VLAN ACLs Virtual ACLs.
Layer 2 Interfaces
The integrated switch ports support Layer 2 switching across Ethernet ports based on Cisco IOS Catalyst Software. They support simultaneous, parallel connections between Layer 2 Ethernet segments. Switched connections between Ethernet segments last only for the duration of the packet. Different connections can be made for different segments for the next packet. You can configure a range of Layer 2 interfaces, define a range macro, set the interface speed, set the duplex mode, and add a description for the interface.
The MAC table is configured to provide port security. The switch ports use the MAC address tables to forward traffic between the ports. All MAC addresses in the address table are associated with one or more ports. The MAC tables include the following types of addresses:
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Dynamic address–the source MAC address that the switch learns and then drops when not in use.
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Secure address–manually entered unicast address that is usually associated with a secured port. Secure addresses do not age.
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Static address–manually entered unicast or multicast address that does not age and that is not lost when the switch resets.
The Cisco 1800 (Fixed) Configuration Series supports 100 secure and static MAC addresses. General MAC addresses are supported for 50 users.
Maximum Switched Virtual Interfaces (SVIs)
A switch virtual interface (SVI) represents a VLAN of switch ports as one interface to the routing or bridging function in the router. Only one SVI can be associated with a VLAN; it is necessary to configure an SVI for a VLAN only when you wish to route between VLANs, when you wish to configure fallback-bridge nonroutable protocols between VLANs, or when you wish to provide IP host connectivity. Eight SVI interfaces are supported on each port of the fixed router
Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN)
You can configure SPAN sessions using parameters that specify the type of network traffic to monitor. SPAN sessions allow you to monitor traffic in one or more interfaces and allow you to send ingress traffic, egress traffic or both to one destination interface.
You can enable spanning tree on a per-VLAN basis and configure various spanning tree features. All frames have 802.1q tags.
IP Multicast Switching
Multicast switching is Layer 3 switching. To configure Multicast switching, the maximum number of configured VLANs must be less than or equal to 242. The maximum number of multicast groups is equal to to the maximum number of VLANs.
You can configure your router to enable multi-cast switching globally, enable IP Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) on a Layer 3 interface, and verify the Multicast Layer 3 switching information.
Note Per-Port enabling and disabling of unknown multicast and unicast packets is not supported on the Cisco 1800 (Fixed) configuration router.
Per-Port Storm Control
You can use these per-port storm control techniques to block the forwarding of unnecessary, flooded traffic.
Fallback Bridging
With Fallback Bridging, the switch bridges together two or more VLANs or routed ports, essentially connecting multiple VLANs within one bridge domain.
To configure Fallback Bridging for a set of SVIs, the SVIs must be assigned to bridge groups. All bridges in the same group belong to the same bridge domain. Each SVI can be assigned to only one bridge group.
Separate Voice and Data Subnets
For ease of network administration and increased scalability, network managers can configure the switch ports to support Cisco IP phones such that the voice and data traffic reside on separate subnets.
IGMP Snooping
By default, IGMP Snooping is globally enabled on the switch ports. When globally enabled or disabled, it is also enabled or disabled on all VLAN interfaces. It can be enabled and disabled on a per-VLAN basis.
Note All of the procedures for configuring the switch ports, including configuration examples and information on the features and interfaces are in the Cisco HWIC-4ESW and HWIC-9ESW EtherSwitch Interface Cards document on Cisco.com. See this document to configure the switch ports.