澄清Firepower威胁防御访问控制策略规则操作

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已更新: 2020 年 6 月 21 日

文档 ID:212321

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简介

本文描述多种操作可用在Firepower威胁防御(FTD)访问控制策略(ACP)和Prefilter策略。此外，每操作的背景操作与其交互作用一起被检查与其它特性，如流卸载和打开附属连接的协议。

先决条件

要求

Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：

流卸载
Firepower威胁防御(FTD)设备的数据包捕获
数据包跟踪程序和捕获与trace选项在FTD设备

使用的组件

本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本：

Cisco Firepower 4110威胁防御版本6.4.0 (构建113)和6.6.0 (构建90)
Firepower管理中心(FMC)版本6.4.0 (构建113)和6.6.0 (构建90)

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。

背景信息

FTD是包括2个主要引擎的一个统一的软件镜像：

莉娜引擎
喷鼻息引擎

此图显示2个引擎如何呼应：

数据包进入入口接口，并且乘莉娜引擎处理
如果它由FTD策略要求数据包乘喷鼻息引擎检查
喷鼻息引擎返回一个判决(whitelist或黑名单)数据包的
莉娜引擎丢弃或转发根据喷鼻息的判决的数据包

ACP如何部署

FTD策略在FMC配置，当箱外(远程)时管理使用或Firepower设备管理器(FDM)，当使用时本地管理。在两种情况下， ACP部署如下：

作为CSM_FW_ACL_被命名的全局访问控制表(ACL)对FTD莉娜引擎
在/ngfw/var/sf/detection_engines/ <UUID>/ngfw.rules文件的访问控制(AC)规则对FTD喷鼻息引擎

配置

ACP联机操作

FTD ACP包含一个或更多规则，并且每个规则能有一这些操作和如镜像所显示：

准许
信任
监视器
块
有重置的块
交互块
有重置的交互块

同样地， Prefilter策略能包含一个或更多规则，并且可能行动在镜像显示：

ACP和Prefilter策略如何呼应

Prefilter策略在6.1版本和服务获得了介绍2个主要目的：

它允许FTD莉娜引擎检查外面IP报头通道流量的检查，当喷鼻息引擎检查内在IP报头时。特别地，在通道流量(即GRE)的情况下在Prefilter策略的规则在outerheaders总是操作，当在ACP的规则总是可适用的对内部的会话时(内部头标)。通道流量是指这些协议：

GRE
IP在IP
IPv6-in-IP
Teredo端口3544

它提供如镜像所显示，允许流绕过完全喷鼻息引擎的早期的访问控制(EAC)。

Prefilter规则在FTD部署作为L3/L4访问控制元素(ACE)如镜像所显示，和在ACP配置的L3/L4 ACE上被放置：

Note:Prefilter v/s ACP规则=第一匹配应用。

ACP块操作

考虑在镜像显示的拓扑：

方案1.早莉娜丢弃

ACP包含使用一个L4情况的分块规则(目的地端口TCP 80)如镜像所显示，：

在喷鼻息的被实施的策略：

268435461 deny any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 80 any 6

被实施的策略在莉娜。注意规则推送和拒绝操作：

firepower# show access-list
…
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 9 remark rule-id 268435461: L4 RULE: Rule1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced deny tcp host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 eq www rule-id 268435461 event-log flow-start (hitcnt=0) 0x6149c43c

验证行为：

当host-a (192.168.1.40)时设法打开HTTP会话到host-b (192.168.2.40) TCP请同步(SYN)数据包乘FTD莉娜引擎丢弃，无需到达喷鼻息引擎或目的地：

firepower# show capture
capture CAPI type raw-data buffer 33554432 trace trace-count 100 interface INSIDE [Capturing - 430 bytes]
  match ip host 192.168.1.40 any
capture CAPO type raw-data buffer 33554432 trace trace-count 100 interface OUTSIDE [Capturing - 0 bytes]
  match ip host 192.168.1.40 any

firepower# show capture CAPI
   1: 11:08:09.672801  192.168.1.40.32789 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 3249160620:3249160620(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 4060517 0>
   2: 11:08:12.672435  192.168.1.40.32789 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 3249160620:3249160620(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 4063517 0>
   3: 11:08:18.672847  192.168.1.40.32789 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 3249160620:3249160620(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 4069517 0>
   4: 11:08:30.673610  192.168.1.40.32789 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 3249160620:3249160620(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 4081517 0>

firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 1 trace
   1: 11:08:09.672801  192.168.1.40.32789 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 3249160620:3249160620(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 4060517 0>
...

Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: DROP
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced deny tcp host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 eq www rule-id 268435461 event-log flow-start
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435461: ACCESS POLICY: ACP1 - Mandatory
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435461: L4 RULE: Rule1
Additional Information:   
                             <- No Additional Information = No Snort Inspection

Result:
input-interface: INSIDE
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: OUTSIDE
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: drop
Drop-reason: (acl-drop) Flow is denied by configured rule

由于方案2.的丢弃打鼾判决

ACP包含使用一个L7情况的分块规则(应用程序HTTP)如镜像所显示，：

在喷鼻息的被实施的策略：

268435461 deny any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 any any any  (appid 676:1)

Appid 676:1 = HTTP

被实施的策略在莉娜。

Note:规则推送作为permit操作，因为莉娜不能确定会话使用HTTP。在FTD应用程序检测机制在喷鼻息引擎方面。

firepower# show access-list
…
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 9 remark rule-id 268435461: L7 RULE: Rule1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435461 (hitcnt=0) 0xb788b786

对于使用应用程序作为情况的分块规则，实际数据包的trace显示会话由由于的莉娜丢弃打鼾引擎判决。

Note:为了喷鼻息引擎能确定应用程序它必须检查一些数据包(依靠应用程序编码器)的通常3-10。因而一些数据包通过FTD允许，并且他们使它到目的地。允许数据包仍然是受根据访问策略>Advanced的入侵策略检查支配> ‘使用的入侵策略，在访问控制规则是确定的’选项前。

验证行为：

当host-a (192.168.1.40)时设法设立与host-b的HTTP会话(192.168.2.40)莉娜入口捕获显示：

firepower# show capture CAPI

8 packets captured

   1: 11:31:19.825564  192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 357753151:357753151(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5450579 0>
   2: 11:31:19.826403  192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32790: S 1283931030:1283931030(0) ack 357753152 win 2896 <mss 1380,sackOK,timestamp 5449236 5450579>
   3: 11:31:19.826556  192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: P 357753152:357753351(199) ack 1283931031 win 2920 <nop,nop,timestamp 5450580 5449236>
   4: 11:31:20.026899  192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: P 357753152:357753351(199) ack 1283931031 win 2920 <nop,nop,timestamp 5450781 5449236>
   5: 11:31:20.428887  192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: P 357753152:357753351(199) ack 1283931031 win 2920 <nop,nop,timestamp 5451183 5449236>
 ...

出口捕获：

firepower# show capture CAPO

5 packets captured

   1: 11:31:19.825869  192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 1163713179:1163713179(0) win 2920 <mss 1380,sackOK,timestamp 5450579 0>
   2: 11:31:19.826312  192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32790: S 354801457:354801457(0) ack 1163713180 win 2896 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5449236 5450579>
   3: 11:31:23.426049  192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32790: S 354801457:354801457(0) ack 1163713180 win 2896 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5452836 5450579>
   4: 11:31:29.426430  192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32790: S 354801457:354801457(0) ack 1163713180 win 2896 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5458836 5450579>
   5: 11:31:41.427208  192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32790: S 354801457:354801457(0) ack 1163713180 win 2896 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5470836 5450579>

trace显示第一数据包(TCP SYN)由喷鼻息允许，因为应用程序检测判决是待定的：

firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 1 trace
   1: 11:31:19.825564  192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 357753151:357753151(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5450579 0>
...

Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435461
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435461: ACCESS POLICY: ACP1 - Mandatory
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435461: L7 RULE: Rule1
Additional Information:
 This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached
...
Phase: 10
Type: FLOW-CREATION
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
New flow created with id 23194, packet dispatched to next module
…
Phase: 12
Type: SNORT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Snort Trace:
Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 357753151
AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0
Firewall: pending rule-matching, id 268435461, pending AppID
NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS
Snort Verdict: (pass-packet) allow this packet

Result:
input-interface: OUTSIDE
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: OUTSIDE
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: allow

同样TCP SYN/ACK数据包：

firepower# show capture CAPO packet-number 2 trace
   2: 11:31:19.826312 192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32790: S 354801457:354801457(0) ack 1163713180 win 2896 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5449236 5450579>
…

Phase: 3
Type: FLOW-LOOKUP
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Found flow with id 23194, using existing flow
…

Phase: 5
Type: SNORT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Snort Trace:
Packet: TCP, SYN, ACK, seq 1283931030, ack 357753152
AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0
Firewall: pending rule-matching, id 268435461, pending AppID
NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS
Snort Verdict: (pass-packet) allow this packet

Result:
input-interface: INSIDE
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: INSIDE
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: allow

喷鼻息在检查第三数据包以后返回丢弃判决：

firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 3 trace
   3: 11:31:19.826556  192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: P 357753152:357753351(199) ack 1283931031 win 2920 <nop,nop,timestamp 5450580 5449236>

Phase: 3
Type: FLOW-LOOKUP
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Found flow with id 23194, using existing flow

Phase: 5
Type: SNORT
Subtype:
Result: DROP
Config:
Additional Information:
Snort Trace:
Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 357753152, ack 1283931031
AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0)
Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, url http://192.168.2.40/128k.html
Firewall: block rule, id 268435461, drop
Snort: processed decoder alerts or actions queue, drop
NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict BLACKLIST, Blocked by Firewall
Snort Verdict: (black-list) black list this flow

Result:
input-interface: INSIDE
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
Action: drop
Drop-reason: (firewall) Blocked or blacklisted by the firewall preprocessor

您能从FTD CLISH模式也运行system命令支持trace。此工具提供2个功能：

显示每数据包的喷鼻息判决，当在莉娜发送到数据收集库(DAQ)并且被看到。DAQ是组件查找在FTD莉娜引擎和喷鼻息引擎之间
准许同时运行系统支持防火墙引擎调试发现什么在喷鼻息引擎内发生

这是输出：

> system support trace

Please specify an IP protocol: tcp
Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.1.40
Please specify a client port:
Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.2.40
Please specify a server port:
Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: y
Monitoring packet tracer debug messages

Tracing enabled by Lina
192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32791 6 Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 2620409313
192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32791 6 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 New session
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 Starting with minimum 2, 'Rule1', and SrcZone first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, inline sgt tag: untagged, ISE sgt id: 0, svc 0, payload 0, client 0, misc 0, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 pending rule order 2, 'Rule1', AppID
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: pending rule-matching, 'Rule1', pending AppID
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS
Trace buffer and verdict reason are sent to DAQ's PDTS

Tracing enabled by Lina
192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32791 6 Packet: TCP, SYN, ACK, seq 3700371680, ack 2620409314
192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32791 6 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 Starting with minimum 2, 'Rule1', and SrcZone first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, inline sgt tag: untagged, ISE sgt id: 0, svc 0, payload 0, client 0, misc 0, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 pending rule order 2, 'Rule1', AppID
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: pending rule-matching, 'Rule1', pending AppID
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS
Trace buffer and verdict reason are sent to DAQ's PDTS

Tracing enabled by Lina
192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32791 6 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 2620409314, ack 3700371681
192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32791 6 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0)
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 Starting with minimum 2, 'Rule1', and SrcZone first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, inline sgt tag: untagged, ISE sgt id: 0, svc 676, payload 0, client 686, misc 0, user 9999997, url http://192.168.2.40/128k.html, xff
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, url http://192.168.2.40/128k.html
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 match rule order 2, 'Rule1', action Block
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 deny action
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: block rule, 'Rule1', drop
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Snort: processed decoder alerts or actions queue, drop
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 Deleting session
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict BLACKLIST
192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 ===> Blocked by Firewall

摘要

部署的ACP块操作获得，因为或者permit或在取决于规则调节的莉娜拒绝规则
如果条件是L3/L4那么莉娜阻塞数据包。在TCP的情况下，第一数据包(TCP SYN)阻塞
如果条件是L7那么数据包转发到进一步检查的喷鼻息引擎。一旦TCP，一些数据包通过FTD允许，直到喷鼻息作出判决。允许数据包仍然是受根据访问策略>Advanced的入侵策略检查支配> ‘使用的入侵策略，在访问控制规则是确定的’选项前。

有重置操作的ACP块

有在FMC UI配置的其余规则的一块：

有重置规则的块在FTD莉娜引擎部署作为permit和打鼾引擎作为重置规则：

firepower# show access-list
…
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced permit tcp 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 host 192.168.11.50 eq www rule-id 268438864 (hitcnt=0) 0xba785fc0
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 11 remark rule-id 268438865: ACCESS POLICY: ACP1 - Mandatory
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 12 remark rule-id 268438865: L7 RULE: Block-RST_Rule2
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 13 advanced permit ip 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 host 192.168.11.51 rule-id 268438865 (hitcnt=0) 0x622350d0

喷鼻息引擎：

admin@firepower:~$ cat /var/sf/detection_engines/9e080e5c-adc3-11ea-9d37-44884cf7e9ba/ngfw.rules
…
# Start of AC rule.
268438864 reset any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.50 32 80 any 6
# End rule 268438864
268438865 reset any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.51 32 any any any (appid 676:1) (ip_protos 6, 17)
# End rule 268438865

当数据包配比时有重置规则的FTD块传送TCP重置数据包或ICMP Type3代码13目的地不可得到的(管理性已过滤)信息：

root@kali:~/tests# wget 192.168.11.50/file1.zip
--2020-06-20 22:48:10--  http://192.168.11.50/file1.zip
Connecting to 192.168.11.50:80... failed: Connection refused.

这是在FTD入口接口采取的捕获：

firepower# show capture CAPI
2 packets captured 
1: 21:01:00.977259 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.41986 > 192.168.11.50.80: S 3120295488:3120295488(0) win 29200 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 3740873275 0,nop,wscale 7> 
2: 21:01:00.978114 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.80 > 192.168.10.50.41986: R 0:0(0) ack 3120295489 win 0 2 packets shown

系统支持trace输出，在这种情况下，显示数据包就该丢弃的打鼾判决：

> system support trace

Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: y
Please specify an IP protocol: tcp
Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.10.50
Please specify a client port:
Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.11.50
Please specify a server port:
Monitoring packet tracer and firewall debug messages


192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 3387496622
192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Session: new snort session
192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
192.168.10.50-41984 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 9 new firewall session
192.168.10.50-41984 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 9 using HW or preset rule order 2, 'Block-RST-Rule1', action Reset and prefilter rule 0
192.168.10.50-41984 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 9 HitCount data sent for rule id: 268438864,
192.168.10.50-41984 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 9 reset action
192.168.10.50-41984 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 9 deleting firewall session flags = 0x0, fwFlags = 0x0
192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: block w/ reset rule, 'Block-RST-Rule1', drop
192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort: processed decoder alerts or actions queue, drop
192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 9, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict BLACKLIST
192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 ===> Blocked by Firewall
Verdict reason is sent to DAQ

请使用案件

和块操作一样，但是立即终止连接。

ACP允许操作

方案1. ACP允许操作(L3/L4情况)

通常，您会配置允许规则指定另外的检验类似入侵策略和文件策略。当L3/L4情况应用时，此第一个方案展示允许规则的操作。

如镜像所显示，考虑此拓扑：

如镜像所显示，此策略应用：

在喷鼻息的被实施的策略。注意规则部署作为允许操作：

# Start of AC rule.
268435461 allow any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 80 any 6

策略在莉娜。

Note:规则部署，当根本含义重定向为进一步检查打鼾的permit操作。

firepower# show access-list
…
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 9 remark rule-id 268435461: L7 RULE: Rule1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced permit tcp host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 eq www rule-id 268435461 (hitcnt=1) 0x641a20c3

为了看到匹配允许规则的流如何由那里FTD处理请是一些个方式：

验证喷鼻息统计信息
使用使用系统支持请跟踪CLISH工具
使用使用捕获与trace选项在莉娜和或者与捕获流量在喷鼻息引擎方面

莉娜捕获与喷鼻息捕获流量：

验证行为：

清除喷鼻息统计信息，启用从CLISH的系统支持trace，并且启动从host-a的一个HTTP流(192.168.1.40)对host-b (192.168.2.40)。所有数据包转发到喷鼻息引擎并且由喷鼻息获得PASS判决：

firepower# clear snort statistics

> system support trace

Please specify an IP protocol:
Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.1.40
Please specify a client port:
Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.2.40
Please specify a server port:
Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]:
Monitoring packet tracer debug messages

Tracing enabled by Lina
192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32797 6 Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 361134402
192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32797 6 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
192.168.1.40-32797 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: allow rule, 'Rule1', allow
192.168.1.40-32797 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS
Trace buffer and verdict reason are sent to DAQ's PDTS

Tracing enabled by Lina
192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32797 6 Packet: TCP, SYN, ACK, seq 1591434735, ack 361134403
192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32797 6 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
192.168.1.40-32797 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: allow rule, 'Rule1', allow
192.168.1.40-32797 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS
Trace buffer and verdict reason are sent to DAQ's PDTS

Tracing enabled by Lina
192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32797 6 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 361134403, ack 1591434736
192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32797 6 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0)
192.168.1.40-32797 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: allow rule, 'Rule1', allow
192.168.1.40-32797 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS

喷鼻息统计信息反射上述喷鼻息PASS判决：

> show snort statistics

Packet Counters:
  Passed Packets                                           54
  Blocked Packets                                           0
  Injected Packets                                          0
  Packets bypassed (Snort Down)                             0
  Packets bypassed (Snort Busy)                             0

Flow Counters:
  Fast-Forwarded Flows                                      0
  Blacklisted Flows                                         0
...

合格数据包=乘喷鼻息引擎检查

方案2. ACP允许操作(L3-7情况)

当允许规则部署如下时，相似的行为被看到。

如镜像所显示的仅一个L3/L4条件：

一个L7条件(即入侵策略、文件策略，应用程序等)如镜像所显示：

摘要

为了汇总，这是流如何由在FP4100/9300部署的FTD处理如镜像所显示时，当允许规则匹配：

Note:管理输入-输出(减少)是火力机箱的Supervisor引擎。

方案3.喷鼻息快速转发判决与准许

有FTD喷鼻息引擎给WHITELIST判决(快速转发)的特定方案，并且流的其余被卸载到莉娜引擎(在某些情况下然后被卸载到HW加速器- SmartNIC)。这些是：

没有配置的SSL策略的SSL流量
智能应用程序bypass(IAB)

以上可以形象化对：

或者在某些情况下对：

要点

允许规则在喷鼻息在莉娜部署和准许并且允许
在大多数情况下，会话的所有数据包转发打鼾另外的检查的引擎

请使用案件

当您乘喷鼻息引擎需要L7检查例如时，您会配置允许规则：

入侵策略
文件策略

ACP信任操作

方案1. ACP信任操作

如果不要应用先进的L7检查在喷鼻息级别(即入侵策略、文件策略，网络发现)，但是仍然要使用功能类似安全智能(SI)，标识策略、QoS等等，则在您的规则推荐使用信任操作。

拓扑：

已配置的策略：

信任规则，在FTD喷鼻息引擎方面部署：

# Start of AC rule.
268438858 fastpath any 192.168.10.50 31 any any 192.168.11.50 31 80 any 6 (log dcforward flowend)

Note:第6是协议(TCP)。

在FTD莉娜的规则：

firepower# show access-list | i 268438858
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 17 remark rule-id 268438858: ACCESS POLICY: ACP1 - Mandatory
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 18 remark rule-id 268438858: L7 RULE: trust_L3-L4
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 19 advanced permit tcp object-group FMC_INLINE_src_rule_268438858 object-group FMC_INLINE_dst_rule_268438858 eq www rule-id 268438858 (hitcnt=19) 0x29588b4f
  access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 19 advanced permit tcp host 192.168.10.50 host 192.168.11.50 eq www rule-id 268438858 (hitcnt=19) 0x9d442895
  access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 19 advanced permit tcp host 192.168.10.50 host 192.168.11.51 eq www rule-id 268438858 (hitcnt=0) 0xd026252b
  access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 19 advanced permit tcp host 192.168.10.51 host 192.168.11.50 eq www rule-id 268438858 (hitcnt=0) 0x0d785cc4
  access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 19 advanced permit tcp host 192.168.10.51 host 192.168.11.51 eq www rule-id 268438858 (hitcnt=0) 0x3b3234f1

验证：

启用系统支持trace并且启动从host-a的HTTP会话(192.168.10.50)对host-b (192.168.11.50)。有3数据包转发对喷鼻息引擎。喷鼻息引擎发送给莉娜根本卸载流其余对莉娜引擎的WHITELIST判决：

> system support trace

Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: y
Please specify an IP protocol: tcp
Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.10.50
Please specify a client port:
Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.11.50
Please specify a server port: 80
Monitoring packet tracer and firewall debug messages

192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 453426648
192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Session: new snort session
192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 new firewall session
192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 using HW or preset rule order 5, 'trust_L3-L4', action Trust and prefilter rule 0
192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 HitCount data sent for rule id: 268438858,
192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: trust/fastpath rule, 'trust_L3-L4', allow
192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 2, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS

192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.50-42126 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, SYN, ACK, seq 2820426532, ack 453426649
192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.50-42126 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.50-42126 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: trust/fastpath rule, 'trust_L3-L4', allow
192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.50-42126 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 2, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS

192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 453426649, ack 2820426533
192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: trust/fastpath rule, 'trust_L3-L4', allow
192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 2, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict WHITELIST

一旦连接终止喷鼻息引擎从莉娜引擎获得元数据信息并且删除会话：

192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 Got end of flow event from hardware with flags 00010001. Rule Match Data: rule_id 0, rule_action 0 rev_id 0, rule_flags 3
192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 Logging EOF for event from hardware with rule_id = 268438858 ruleAction = 3 ruleReason = 0
192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 : Received EOF, deleting the snort session.

192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Session: deleting snort session, reason: timeout
192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 deleting firewall session flags = 0x10003, fwFlags = 0x1115
192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Session: deleted snort session using 0 bytes; protocol id:(-1) : LWstate 0xf LWFlags 0x6007

喷鼻息捕获显示去喷鼻息引擎的3数据包：

> capture-traffic

Please choose domain to capture traffic from:
  0 - management0
  1 - management1
  2 - Global

Selection? 2

Please specify tcpdump options desired.
(or enter '?' for a list of supported options)
Options: -n vlan and (host 192.168.10.50 and host 192.168.11.50)
10:26:16.525928 IP 192.168.10.50.42144 > 192.168.11.50.80: Flags [S], seq 3065553465, win 29200, options [mss 1380,sackOK,TS val 3789188468 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
10:26:16.525928 IP 192.168.11.50.80 > 192.168.10.50.42144: Flags [S.], seq 3581351172, ack 3065553466, win 8192, options [mss 1380,nop,wscale 8,sackOK,TS val 57650410 ecr 3789188468], length 0
10:26:16.525928 IP 192.168.10.50.42144 > 192.168.11.50.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 3789188470 ecr 57650410], length 0

莉娜捕获显示流哪些通过它：

firepower# show capture CAPI

437 packets captured

   1: 09:51:19.431007  802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.42118 > 192.168.11.50.80: S 2459891187:2459891187(0) win 29200 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 3787091387 0,nop,wscale 7>
   2: 09:51:19.431648  802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.80 > 192.168.10.50.42118: S 2860907367:2860907367(0) ack 2459891188 win 8192 <mss 1380,nop,wscale 8,sackOK,timestamp 57440579 3787091387>
   3: 09:51:19.431847  802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.42118 > 192.168.11.50.80: . ack 2860907368 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3787091388 57440579>
   4: 09:51:19.431953  802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.42118 > 192.168.11.50.80: P 2459891188:2459891337(149) ack 2860907368 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3787091388 57440579>
   5: 09:51:19.444816  802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.80 > 192.168.10.50.42118: . 2860907368:2860908736(1368) ack 2459891337 win 256 <nop,nop,timestamp 57440580 3787091388>
   6: 09:51:19.444831  802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.80 > 192.168.10.50.42118: . 2860908736:2860910104(1368) ack 2459891337 win 256 <nop,nop,timestamp 57440580 3787091388>

…

数据包的Trace从莉娜的是另一个方式看到喷鼻息判决。第一数据包获得了PASS判决：

firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 1 trace | i Type|Verdict
Type: CAPTURE
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Type: CONN-SETTINGS
Type: NAT
Type: NAT
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Type: CAPTURE
Type: CAPTURE
Type: NAT
Type: CAPTURE
Type: NAT
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Type: CAPTURE
Type: FLOW-CREATION
Type: EXTERNAL-INSPECT
Type: SNORT
Snort id 22, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS
Snort Verdict: (pass-packet) allow this packet
Type: INPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP-FROM-OUTPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP
Type: ADJACENCY-LOOKUP
Type: CAPTURE

TCP SYN/ACK数据包的Trace在外部接口的：

firepower# show capture CAPO packet-number 2 trace | i Type|Verdict
Type: CAPTURE
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Type: FLOW-LOOKUP
Type: EXTERNAL-INSPECT
Type: SNORT
Snort id 22, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS
Snort Verdict: (pass-packet) allow this packet
Type: INPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP-FROM-OUTPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP
Type: ADJACENCY-LOOKUP
Type: CAPTURE

TCP ACK获得WHITELIST判决：

firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 3 trace | i Type|Verdict
Type: CAPTURE
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Type: FLOW-LOOKUP
Type: EXTERNAL-INSPECT
Type: SNORT
Snort id 22, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict WHITELIST
Snort Verdict: (fast-forward) fast forward this flow
Type: CAPTURE

这是从喷鼻息判决(数据包#3)的完整输出

firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 3 trace | b Type: SNORT
Type: SNORT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Snort Trace:
Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 687485179, ack 1029625865
AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
Firewall: trust/fastpath rule, id 268438858, allow
Snort id 31, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict WHITELIST
Snort Verdict: (fast-forward) fast forward this flow

因为莉娜引擎，缓存判决第4数据包没有转发打鼾引擎：

firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 4 trace

441 packets captured

   4: 10:34:02.741523       802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.42158 > 192.168.11.50.80: P 164375589:164375738(149) ack 3008397532 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3789654678 57697031>
Phase: 1
Type: CAPTURE
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Implicit Rule
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 3
Type: FLOW-LOOKUP
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Found flow with id 1254, using existing flow

Phase: 4
Type: SNORT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Snort Verdict: (fast-forward) fast forward this flow

Result:
input-interface: INSIDE(vrfid:0)
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
Action: allow


1 packet shown

喷鼻息统计信息确认此：

firepower# show snort statistics

Packet Counters:
  Passed Packets                                                      2
  Blocked Packets                                                     0
  Injected Packets                                                    0
  Packets bypassed (Snort Down)                                       0
  Packets bypassed (Snort Busy)                                       0

Flow Counters:
  Fast-Forwarded Flows                                                1
  Blacklisted Flows                                                   0

Miscellaneous Counters:
  Start-of-Flow events                                                0
  End-of-Flow events                                                  1
  Denied flow events                                                  0
  Frames forwarded to Snort before drop                               0
  Inject packets dropped                                              0

与信任规则的数据包流。一些数据包由喷鼻息检查，并且其余由莉娜检查：

方案2. ACP信任操作(没有SI、QoS和标识策略)

万一希望FTD应用安全智能(SI)检查对所有流， SI已经启用在ACP级别，并且您能指定SI来源(TALOS、源、列表等等)。另一方面，万一要禁用它，您禁用网络的URL的SI全局每ACP， DNS的SI和SI。如镜像所显示，网络和URL的SI禁用：

在这种情况下，信任规则在莉娜被部署作为信任：

> show access-list
...
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 9 remark rule-id 268435461: L4 RULE: Rule1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced trust ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435461 event-log flow-end (hitcnt=0) 0x5c1346d6

Note:和从6.2.2 FTD支持TID。TID工作用方式类似于SI，然而，万一SI禁用，它“不强制’对喷鼻息引擎的数据包重定向TID检查的。

验证行为

启动从host-a的HTTP会话(192.168.1.40)对host-b (192.168.2.40)。因为这FP4100和支持流请卸载在这些事发生的硬件方面：

一些数据包通过FTD莉娜引擎转发，并且流的其余被卸载对SmartNIC (HW加速器)
数据包没有转发打鼾引擎

FTD莉娜连接表显示标志“o’哪含义流被卸载了对HW。并且，请注释缺乏“N’标志。这根本不含义‘喷鼻息重定向’ ：

firepower# show conn
1 in use, 15 most used

TCP OUTSIDE  192.168.2.40:80 INSIDE  192.168.1.40:32809, idle 0:00:00, bytes 949584, flags UIOo

喷鼻息统计信息显示仅操作日志事件起初和在会话结束时：

firepower# show snort statistics

Packet Counters:
  Passed Packets                                            0
  Blocked Packets                                           0
  Injected Packets                                          0
  Packets bypassed (Snort Down)                             0
  Packets bypassed (Snort Busy)                             0

Flow Counters:
  Fast-Forwarded Flows                                      0
  Blacklisted Flows                                         0

Miscellaneous Counters:
  Start-of-Flow events                                      1
  End-of-Flow events                                        1

FTD莉娜日志为那里每会话显示那是2个流(一每个每个方向)被卸载对HW ：

Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-7-609001: Built local-host INSIDE:192.168.1.40
Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-6-302013: Built inbound TCP connection 25384 for INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32809 (192.168.1.40/32809) to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80)
Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-6-805001: Offloaded TCP Flow for connection 25384 from INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32809 (192.168.1.40/32809) to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80)
Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-6-805001: Offloaded TCP Flow for connection 25384 from OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80) to INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32809 (192.168.1.40/32809)
Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-6-805002: TCP Flow is no longer offloaded for connection 25384 from OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80) to INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32809 (192.168.1.40/32809)
Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-6-805002: TCP Flow is no longer offloaded for connection 25384 from INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32809 (192.168.1.40/32809) to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80)
Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-6-302014: Teardown TCP connection 25384 for INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32809 to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 duration 0:00:00 bytes 1055048 TCP FINs
Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-7-609002: Teardown local-host INSIDE:192.168.1.40 duration 0:00:00

与作为信任操作部署的信任规则的数据包流在莉娜。一些数据包由莉娜检查，并且其余被卸载对SmartNIC (FP4100/FP9300) ：

请使用案件

您必须使用信任操作，当您希望仅一些数据包由喷鼻息引擎(即应用程序检测， SI检查)时和将被卸载的流的其余检查对莉娜引擎
如果使用在FP4100/9300的FTD并且希望流完全绕过喷鼻息检查然后认为与快速路径操作的Prefilter规则(请参阅在本文的相关部分)

Prefilter策略块操作

如镜像所显示，考虑拓扑：

如镜像所显示，也考虑策略：

这是被实施的策略在FTD喷鼻息引擎(ngfw.rules文件)方面：

# Start of tunnel and priority rules.
# These rules are evaluated by LINA. Only tunnel tags are used from the matched rule id.
268437506 deny any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 any any any  (tunnel -1

在莉娜：

access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 1 remark rule-id 268437506: PREFILTER POLICY: FTD_Prefilter
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 2 remark rule-id 268437506: RULE: Prefilter1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 3 advanced deny ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268437506 event-log flow-start (hitcnt=0) 0x76476240

当您跟踪一虚拟数据包时，显示数据包由莉娜丢弃和从未转发打鼾：

firepower# packet-tracer input INSIDE icmp 192.168.1.40 8 0 192.168.2.40
…
Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: DROP
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced deny ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268437506 event-log flow-start
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268437506: PREFILTER POLICY: FTD_Prefilter
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268437506: RULE: Prefilter1
Additional Information:

Result:
input-interface: INSIDE
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: OUTSIDE
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: drop
Drop-reason: (acl-drop) Flow is denied by configured rule

喷鼻息统计信息显示：

firepower# show snort statistics

Packet Counters:
  Passed Packets                                            0
  Blocked Packets                                           0
  Injected Packets                                          0
  Packets bypassed (Snort Down)                             0
  Packets bypassed (Snort Busy)                             0

Flow Counters:
  Fast-Forwarded Flows                                      0
  Blacklisted Flows                                         0

Miscellaneous Counters:
  Start-of-Flow events                                      0
  End-of-Flow events                                        0
  Denied flow events                                        1

莉娜ASP丢包显示：

firepower# show asp drop

Frame drop:
  Flow is denied by configured rule (acl-drop)                1

请使用案件

当您要阻塞流量根据L3/L4情况和，不用需要执行所有喷鼻息检查到流量时，您能使用Prefilter分块规则。

Prefilter策略快速路径操作

如镜像所显示，认为Prefilter策略规则：

这是被实施的策略在FTD喷鼻息引擎方面：

268437506 fastpath any any any any any any any any (log dcforward flowend) (tunnel -1)

在FTD莉娜中：

access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 1 remark rule-id 268437506: PREFILTER POLICY: FTD_Prefilter
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 2 remark rule-id 268437506: RULE: Prefilter1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 3 advanced trust tcp host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 eq www rule-id 268437506 event-log flow-end (hitcnt=0) 0xf3410b6f

验证行为

当host-a (192.168.1.40)时设法打开HTTP会话到host-b (192.168.2.40)一些数据包通过莉娜，并且其余被卸载对SmartNIC。在这种情况下与启用的防火墙引擎调试的系统支持trace显示：

> system support trace

Please specify an IP protocol: tcp
Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.1.40
Please specify a client port:
Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.2.40
Please specify a server port:
Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: y
Monitoring packet tracer debug messages

192.168.1.40-32840 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 8 Got end of flow event from hardware with flags 04000000

莉娜日志显示被卸载的流：

Oct 01 2017 14:36:51: %ASA-7-609001: Built local-host INSIDE:192.168.1.40
Oct 01 2017 14:36:51: %ASA-7-609001: Built local-host OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40
Oct 01 2017 14:36:51: %ASA-6-302013: Built inbound TCP connection 966 for INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32840 (192.168.1.40/32840) to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80)
Oct 01 2017 14:36:51: %ASA-6-805001: Offloaded TCP Flow for connection 966 from INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32840 (192.168.1.40/32840) to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80)
Oct 01 2017 14:36:51: %ASA-6-805001: Offloaded TCP Flow for connection 966 from OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80) to INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32840 (192.168.1.40/32840)

莉娜捕获显示经历8的数据包：

firepower# show capture
capture CAPI type raw-data buffer 33554432 trace trace-count 100 interface INSIDE [Capturing - 3908 bytes]
  match ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40
capture CAPO type raw-data buffer 33554432 trace trace-count 100 interface OUTSIDE [Capturing - 3908 bytes]
  match ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40

firepower# show capture CAPI

8 packets captured

   1: 14:45:32.700021  192.168.1.40.32842 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 3195173118:3195173118(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 332569060 0>
   2: 14:45:32.700372  192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32842: S 184794124:184794124(0) ack 3195173119 win 2896 <mss 1380,sackOK,timestamp 332567732 332569060>
   3: 14:45:32.700540  192.168.1.40.32842 > 192.168.2.40.80: P 3195173119:3195173317(198) ack 184794125 win 2920 <nop,nop,timestamp 332569060 332567732>
   4: 14:45:32.700876  192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32842: . 184794125:184795493(1368) ack 3195173317 win 2698 <nop,nop,timestamp 332567733 332569060>
   5: 14:45:32.700922  192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32842: P 184795493:184796861(1368) ack 3195173317 win 2698 <nop,nop,timestamp 332567733 332569060>
   6: 14:45:32.701425  192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32842: FP 184810541:184810851(310) ack 3195173317 win 2698 <nop,nop,timestamp 332567733 332569061>
   7: 14:45:32.701532  192.168.1.40.32842 > 192.168.2.40.80: F 3195173317:3195173317(0) ack 184810852 win 2736 <nop,nop,timestamp 332569061 332567733>
   8: 14:45:32.701639  192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32842: . ack 3195173318 win 2697 <nop,nop,timestamp 332567734 332569061>

FTD流卸载统计信息显示22数据包被卸载对HW ：

firepower# show flow-offload statistics
 Packet stats of port : 0
        Tx Packet count                  :               22
        Rx Packet count                  :               22
        Dropped Packet count             :                0
        VNIC transmitted packet          :               22
        VNIC transmitted bytes           :            15308
        VNIC Dropped packets             :                0
        VNIC erroneous received          :                0
        VNIC CRC errors                  :                0
        VNIC transmit failed             :                0
        VNIC multicast received          :                0

您能也使用显示流卸载流命令发现另外相关的信息到被卸载的流。示例如下：

firepower# show flow-offload flow
Total offloaded flow stats: 2 in use, 4 most used, 20% offloaded, 0 collisions
TCP intfc 103 src 192.168.1.40:39301 dest 192.168.2.40:20, static, timestamp 616063741, packets 33240, bytes 2326800
TCP intfc 104 src 192.168.2.40:20 dest 192.168.1.40:39301, static, timestamp 616063760, packets 249140, bytes 358263320
firepower# show conn
5 in use, 5 most used
Inspect Snort:
        preserve-connection: 1 enabled, 0 in effect, 4 most enabled, 0 most in effect

TCP OUTSIDE  192.168.2.40:21 INSIDE  192.168.1.40:40988, idle 0:00:00, bytes 723, flags UIO
TCP OUTSIDE  192.168.2.40:21 INSIDE  192.168.1.40:40980, idle 0:02:40, bytes 1086, flags UIO
TCP OUTSIDE  192.168.2.40:80 INSIDE  192.168.1.40:49442, idle 0:00:00, bytes 86348310, flags UIO N1
TCP OUTSIDE  192.168.2.40:20 INSIDE  192.168.1.40:39301, idle 0:00:00, bytes 485268628, flags Uo <- offloaded flow
TCP OUTSIDE  192.168.2.40:20 INSIDE  192.168.1.40:34713, idle 0:02:40, bytes 821799360, flags UFRIO

百分比根据‘show conn’输出。例如，如果5 conns总共通过FTD莉娜引擎的，并且然后卸载1他们20%将报告如被卸载
被卸载的会话最大限制取决于软件版本(即ASA 9.8.3和FTD 6.2.3支持4百万个双向(或8百万单向)被卸载的流)
万一被卸载的流数量达到限制(即4百万双向流)不会卸载新连接，直到现有连接从被卸载的表删除

为了看到在通过FTD的FP4100/9300的所有数据包(被卸载+莉娜)那里是需要启用捕获在机箱级如镜像所显示：

机箱底板捕获显示两个方向。由于FXO捕获体系结构(每个方向2捕获点)如镜像所显示，每数据包两次显示：

基于在上面：

信息包总数通过FTD ：30
数据包通过FTD莉娜：8
数据包被卸载对SmartNIC HW加速器：22

在平台的情况下不同跟FP4100/FP9300所有数据包乘莉娜引擎处理，因为请流卸载不支持(请注释缺乏o标志) ：

FP2100-6# show conn addr 192.168.1.40
33 in use, 123 most used
Inspect Snort:
        preserve-connection: 0 enabled, 0 in effect, 2 most enabled, 0 most in effect

TCP OUTSIDE  192.168.2.40:80 INSIDE  192.168.1.40:50890, idle 0:00:09, bytes 175, flags UxIO

莉娜Syslog仅显示连接设置和连接终止事件：

FP2100-6# show log | i 192.168.2.40
Jun 21 2020 14:29:44: %FTD-6-302013: Built inbound TCP connection 6914 for INSIDE:192.168.1.40/50900 (192.168.11.101/50900) to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80)
Jun 21 2020 14:30:30: %FTD-6-302014: Teardown TCP connection 6914 for INSIDE:192.168.1.40/50900 to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 duration 0:00:46 bytes 565 TCP FINs from OUTSIDE

请使用案件

当您要绕过完全喷鼻息检查时，请使用Prefilter快速路径操作。您典型地要为您委托类似备份、数据库转移等等的大fat流执行此
在FP4100/9300设备上快速路径操作触发流卸载，并且仅一些数据包通过FTD莉娜引擎。其余由减小延迟的SmartNIC处理

Prefilter策略快速路径操作(线型设置)

万一Prefilter策略快速路径操作在通过线型设置的流量应用(NGIPS接口)这些点应该被考虑到：

规则应用到莉娜引擎作为信任操作
流没有乘喷鼻息引擎检查
流卸载(HW加速度)不发生，因为流卸载不是可适用的在NGIPS接口

这是数据包踪迹的示例在Prefilter在应用的快速路径操作的情况下线型设置：

firepower# packet-tracer input inside tcp 192.168.1.40 12345 192.168.1.50 80 detailed

Phase: 1
Type: NGIPS-MODE
Subtype: ngips-mode
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
The flow ingressed an interface configured for NGIPS mode and NGIPS services will be applied
Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0x2ad7ac48b330, priority=501, domain=ips-mode, deny=false
hits=2, user_data=0x2ad80d54abd0, cs_id=0x0, flags=0x0, protocol=0
src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=inside, output_ifc=any

Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced trust ip object 192.168.1.0 object 192.168.1.0 rule-id 268438531 event-log flow-end
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268438531: PREFILTER POLICY: PF1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268438531: RULE: 1
Additional Information:
Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0x2ad9f9f8a7f0, priority=12, domain=permit, trust
hits=1, user_data=0x2ad9b23c5d40, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
src ip/id=192.168.1.0, mask=255.255.255.0, port=0, tag=any, ifc=any
dst ip/id=192.168.1.0, mask=255.255.255.0, port=0, tag=any, ifc=any, vlan=0, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=any, output_ifc=any

Phase: 3
Type: NGIPS-EGRESS-INTERFACE-LOOKUP
Subtype: Resolve Egress Interface
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Ingress interface inside is in NGIPS inline mode.
Egress interface outside is determined by inline-set configuration

Phase: 4
Type: FLOW-CREATION
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
New flow created with id 7, packet dispatched to next module
Module information for forward flow ...
snp_fp_ips_tcp_state_track_lite
snp_fp_ips_mode_adj
snp_fp_tracer_drop
snp_ifc_stat

Module information for reverse flow ...
snp_fp_ips_tcp_state_track_lite
snp_fp_ips_mode_adj
snp_fp_tracer_drop
snp_ifc_stat

Result:
input-interface: inside
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
Action: allow

以上可以形象化如下：

Prefilter策略快速路径操作(线型设置与点击)

同线型设置的案件一样

Prefilter策略分析操作

方案1. Prefilter分析与ACP分块规则

考虑如镜像所显示，包含分析规则的Prefilter策略：

ACP包含如镜像所显示，设置阻塞所有流量仅的默认规则：

这是被实施的策略在FTD喷鼻息引擎(ngfw.rules文件)方面：

# Start of tunnel and priority rules.
# These rules are evaluated by LINA. Only tunnel tags are used from the matched rule id.
268435460 allow any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 any any any  (tunnel -1)
268435459 allow any any  1025-65535 any any  3544 any 17  (tunnel -1)
268435459 allow any any  3544 any any  1025-65535 any 17  (tunnel -1)
268435459 allow any any  any any any  any any 47  (tunnel -1)
268435459 allow any any  any any any  any any 41  (tunnel -1)
268435459 allow any any  any any any  any any 4  (tunnel -1)
# End of tunnel and priority rules.
# Start of AC rule.
268435458 deny any any  any any any  any any any  (log dcforward flowstart)
# End of AC rule.

这是被实施的策略在FTD莉娜引擎方面：

access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 3 advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460 (hitcnt=0) 0xb788b786

验证行为

数据包追踪器显示数据包由莉娜允许，转发打鼾引擎(由于允许操作)，并且喷鼻息引擎返回块判决，因为从AC的默认操作匹配。

Note:喷鼻息不评估根据通道规则的流量

当您跟踪数据包时显示同样：

firepower# packet-tracer input INSIDE icmp 192.168.1.40 8 0 192.168.2.40
...
Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: PREFILTER POLICY: Prefilter_Policy1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: RULE: Prefilter_Rule1
Additional Information:
 This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached

…
Phase: 14
Type: SNORT
Subtype:
Result: DROP
Config:
Additional Information:
Snort Trace:
Packet: ICMP
AppID: service ICMP (3501), application unknown (0)
Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 8, icmpCode 0
Firewall: block rule, id 268435458, drop
Snort: processed decoder alerts or actions queue, drop
NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict BLACKLIST, Blocked by Firewall
Snort Verdict: (black-list) black list this flow

Result:
input-interface: INSIDE
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: OUTSIDE
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: drop
Drop-reason: (firewall) Blocked or blacklisted by the firewall preprocessor

方案2. Prefilter分析与ACP允许规则

如果目标是允许数据包通过FTD横断，有需要添加每在ACP的规则。操作可以是承认或委托哪些取决于目标(即，如果要应用L7检查您必须使用允许操作)如镜像所显示，：

被实施的策略在FTD喷鼻息引擎方面：

# Start of AC rule.
268435461 allow any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 any any any
268435458 deny any any  any any any  any any any  (log dcforward flowstart)
# End of AC rule.

在莉娜引擎中：

access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 3 advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460 (hitcnt=1) 0xb788b786

验证行为

数据包追踪器显示数据包匹配规定268435460在莉娜和268435461在喷鼻息引擎方面：

firepower# packet-tracer input INSIDE icmp 192.168.1.40 8 0 192.168.2.40
...
Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: PREFILTER POLICY: Prefilter_Policy1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: RULE: Prefilter_Rule1
Additional Information:
 This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached
…
Phase: 14
Type: SNORT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Snort Trace:
Packet: ICMP
AppID: service ICMP (3501), application unknown (0)
Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 8, icmpCode 0
Firewall: allow rule, id 268435461, allow
NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS
Snort Verdict: (pass-packet) allow this packet
…
Result:
input-interface: INSIDE
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: OUTSIDE
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: allow

方案3. Prefilter分析与ACP信任规则

万一ACP包含信任规则然后如镜像所显示，您有此：

喷鼻息：

# Start of AC rule.
268435461 fastpath any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 any any any
268435458 deny any any  any any any  any any any  (log dcforward flowstart)
# End of AC rule.

莉娜：

access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 3 advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460 (hitcnt=2) 0xb788b786

切记那，因为SI启用默认情况下，信任规则部署作为在莉娜的permit操作那么至少一些数据包重定向打鼾检查的引擎。

验证行为

数据包追踪器显示喷鼻息引擎Whitelists根本卸载对莉娜的数据包其余流：

firepower# packet-tracer input INSIDE icmp 192.168.1.40 8 0 192.168.2.40
...
Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: PREFILTER POLICY: Prefilter_Policy1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: RULE: Prefilter_Rule1
Additional Information:
 This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached
…
Phase: 14
Type: SNORT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Snort Trace:
Packet: ICMP
AppID: service ICMP (3501), application unknown (0)
Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 8, icmpCode 0
Firewall: trust/fastpath rule, id 268435461, allow
NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict WHITELIST
Snort Verdict: (fast-forward) fast forward this flow
…
Result:
input-interface: INSIDE
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: OUTSIDE
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: allow

方案4. Prefilter分析与ACP信任规则

在此方案中SI手工禁用。

规则在喷鼻息部署如下：

# Start of AC rule.
268435461 fastpath any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 any any any
268435458 deny any any  any any any  any any any  (log dcforward flowstart)
# End of AC rule.

在莉娜规则部署作为信任。数据包虽则匹配permit规则(请参阅ACE点击统计)是部署的由于分析Prefilter规则，并且数据包乘喷鼻息引擎检查：

access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 3 advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460 (hitcnt=3) 0xb788b786
...
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 13 advanced trust ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435461 event-log flow-end (hitcnt=0) 0x5c1346d6
...
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 16 advanced deny ip any any rule-id 268435458 event-log flow-start (hitcnt=0) 0x97aa021a

验证行为

firepower# packet-tracer input INSIDE icmp 192.168.1.40 8 0 192.168.2.40
...
Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: PREFILTER POLICY: Prefilter_Policy1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: RULE: Prefilter_Rule1
Additional Information:
 This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached
...
Phase: 14
Type: SNORT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Snort Trace:
Packet: ICMP
AppID: service ICMP (3501), application unknown (0)
Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 8, icmpCode 0
Firewall: trust/fastpath rule, id 268435461, allow
NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict WHITELIST
Snort Verdict: (fast-forward) fast forward this flow
…
Result:
input-interface: INSIDE
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: OUTSIDE
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: allow

要点

分析操作在莉娜引擎里部署， permit规则。这有作为效果将转发的数据包打鼾检查的引擎
分析操作不部署在喷鼻息引擎，因此您的任何规则需要保证您配置在喷鼻息匹配在ACP的一个规则
它取决于在喷鼻息引擎方面部署的ACP规则(块与允许与快速路径)无或所有或者一些数据包由喷鼻息允许

请使用案件

analyze操作用例是，当您安排一个清楚的快速路径规则在Prefilter策略和您要放置特定流的时一些例外，以便他们由喷鼻息检查

ACP监视器操作

在FMC UI配置的监视器规则：

监视器规则在FTD莉娜引擎部署作为permit操作和打鼾引擎作为审计操作。

firepower# show access-list
…
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced permit ip 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.11.0 255.255.255.0 rule-id 268438863 (hitcnt=0) 0x61bbaf0c

喷鼻息规则：

admin@firepower:~$ cat /var/sf/detection_engines/9e080e5c-adc3-11ea-9d37-44884cf7e9ba/ngfw.rules
…
# Start of AC rule.
268438863 audit any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.0 24 any any any (log dcforward flowend)
# End rule 268438863

要点

监视器规则不降低也不允许流量，但是生成连接事件。数据包根据随后的规则核对，并且允许或丢弃
FMC连接事件显示数据包匹配2个规则包括监视器规则

系统支持trace输出显示数据包匹配两个规则：

> system support trace

Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: y
Please specify an IP protocol: tcp
Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.10.50
Please specify a client port:
Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.11.50
Please specify a server port:
Monitoring packet tracer and firewall debug messages


192.168.10.50-41922 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 419031630
192.168.10.50-41922 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Session: new snort session
192.168.10.50-41922 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
192.168.10.50-41922 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 19 new firewall session
192.168.10.50-41922 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 19 Starting AC with minimum 2, 'Monitor_Rule', and IPProto first with zone           s -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, source sgt type: 0, source sgt tag: 0, ISE sgt id: 0, dest sgt type: 0, ISE dest sgt tag: 0,            svc 0, payload 0, client 0, misc 0, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0
192.168.10.50-41922 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 19 match rule order 2, 'Monitor_Rule', action Audit
192.168.10.50-41922 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 19 match rule order 3, 'trust_L3-L4', action Trust
192.168.10.50-41922 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 19 MidRecovery data sent for rule id: 268438858,rule_action:3, rev id:1078           02206, rule_match flag:0x2

请使用案件

使用对监控网络活动和请生成连接事件

ACP交互块操作

在FMC UI配置的一个交互分块规则：

交互分块规则在FTD莉娜引擎部署， permit操作和打鼾引擎作为旁路规则：

firepower# show access-list
…
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 9 remark rule-id 268438864: L7 RULE: Inter-Block-Rule1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced permit tcp 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 host 192.168.11.50 eq www rule-id 268438864 (hitcnt=3) 0xba785fc0
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 11 remark rule-id 268438865: ACCESS POLICY: ACP1 - Mandatory
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 12 remark rule-id 268438865: L7 RULE: Inter-Block_Rule2
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 13 advanced permit ip 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 host 192.168.11.51 rule-id 268438865 (hitcnt=0) 0x622350d0

喷鼻息引擎：

admin@firepower:~$ cat /var/sf/detection_engines/9e080e5c-adc3-11ea-9d37-44884cf7e9ba/ngfw.rules
…
# Start of AC rule.
268438864 bypass any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.50 32 80 any 6
# End rule 268438864
268438865 bypass any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.51 32 any any any (appid 676:1) (ip_protos 6, 17)
# End rule 268438865

交互分块规则提示用户目的地禁止

默认情况下，防火墙允许绕过块600秒：

在系统支持trace输出中您能看到防火墙最初阻止流量并且显示块页：

> system support trace
…
192.168.10.52-58717 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 983273680, ack 2014879580
192.168.10.52-58717 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0)
192.168.10.52-58717 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 22 Starting AC with minimum 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', and IPProto first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, source sgt type: 0, sgt tag: 0, ISE sgt id: 0, dest sgt type: 0, ISE dest_sgt_tag: 0, svc 676, payload 0, client 589, misc 0, user 9999997, min url-cat-list 0-0-0, url http://192.168.11.50/, xff
192.168.10.52-58717 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 22 match rule order 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', action Interactive
192.168.10.52-58717 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 22 bypass action sending HTTP interactive response of 1093 bytes
192.168.10.52-58717 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: interactive block rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', drop
192.168.10.52-58717 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort: processed decoder alerts or actions queue, drop
192.168.10.52-58717 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 22 deleting firewall session flags = 0x800, fwFlags = 0x1002
192.168.10.52-58717 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 22, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict BLACKLIST
192.168.10.52-58717 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 ===> Blocked by Firewall
Verdict reason is sent to DAQ

一旦用户选择请继续(或刷新浏览器页)调试显示数据包由同一个规则允许哪些仿造并且允许操作：

192.168.10.52-58718 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 1357413630, ack 2607625293
192.168.10.52-58718 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0)
192.168.10.52-58718 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 8 Starting AC with minimum 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', and IPProto first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, source sgt type: 0, sgt tag: 0, ISE sgt id: 0, dest sgt type: 0, ISE dest_sgt_tag: 0, svc 676, payload 0, client 589, misc 0, user 9999997, min url-cat-list 0-0-0, url http://192.168.11.50/, xff
192.168.10.52-58718 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 8 match rule order 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', action Interactive
192.168.10.52-58718 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 8 bypass action interactive bypass
192.168.10.52-58718 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 8 allow action
192.168.10.52-58718 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: allow rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', allow
192.168.10.52-58718 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: interactive bypass rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', allow
192.168.10.52-58718 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 8, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS

请使用案件

显示警告页给网友并且给出他们选项继续。

有重置操作的ACP交互块

有在FMC UI配置的重置规则的交互块：

有重置规则的交互块在FTD莉娜引擎部署作为permit操作和打鼾引擎作为intreset规则：

firepower# show access-list
…
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 9 remark rule-id 268438864: L7 RULE: Inter-Block-Rule1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced permit tcp 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 host 192.168.11.50 eq www rule-id 268438864 (hitcnt=13) 0xba785fc0
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 11 remark rule-id 268438865: ACCESS POLICY: ACP1 - Mandatory
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 12 remark rule-id 268438865: L7 RULE: Inter-Block_Rule2
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 13 advanced permit ip 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 host 192.168.11.51 rule-id 268438865 (hitcnt=0) 0x622350d0

喷鼻息引擎：

# Start of AC rule.
268438864 intreset any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.50 32 80 any 6
# End rule 268438864
268438865 intreset any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.51 32 any any any (appid 676:1) (ip_protos 6, 17)
# End rule 268438865

类似有重置的块，用户能选择继续选项：

在喷鼻息调试在交互重置显示的操作：

> system support trace

Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: y
Please specify an IP protocol: tcp
Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.10.52
Please specify a client port:
Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.11.50
Please specify a server port:
Monitoring packet tracer and firewall debug messages


192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 3232128039
192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Session: new snort session
192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 new firewall session
192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 Starting AC with minimum 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', and IPProto first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, source sgt type: 0, source sgt tag: 0, ISE sgt id: 0, dest sgt type: 0, ISE dest sgt tag: 0, svc 0, payload 0, client 0, misc 0, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0
192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 match rule order 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', action Interactive Reset
192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 MidRecovery data sent for rule id: 268438864,rule_action:8, rev id:1099034206, rule_match flag:0x0
192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 HitCount data sent for rule id: 268438864,
192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 24, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS

192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58958 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, SYN, ACK, seq 2228213518, ack 3232128040
192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58958 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58958 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 24, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS

192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 3232128040, ack 2228213519
192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0)
192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 24, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS

192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 3232128040, ack 2228213519
192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0)
192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 Starting AC with minimum 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', and IPProto first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, source sgt type: 0, sgt tag: 0, ISE sgt id: 0, dest sgt type: 0, ISE dest_sgt_tag: 0, svc 676, payload 0, client 589, misc 0, user 9999997, min url-cat-list 0-0-0, url http://192.168.11.50/, xff
192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 match rule order 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', action Interactive Reset
192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 bypass action sending HTTP interactive response of 1093 bytes
192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: interactive block rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', drop
192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort: processed decoder alerts or actions queue, drop
192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 deleting firewall session flags = 0x800, fwFlags = 0x1002
192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 24, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict BLACKLIST
192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 ===> Blocked by Firewall
Verdict reason is sent to DAQ

这时块页显示给最终用户。如果用户选择请继续(或刷新网页)这次允许流量的同样规则匹配：

192.168.10.52-58962 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 1593478294, ack 3135589307
192.168.10.52-58962 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0)
192.168.10.52-58962 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 14 Starting AC with minimum 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', and IPProto first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, source sgt type: 0, sgt tag: 0, ISE sgt id: 0, dest sgt type: 0, ISE dest_sgt_tag: 0, svc 676, payload 0, client 589, misc 0, user 9999997, min url-cat-list 0-0-0, url http://192.168.11.50/, xff
192.168.10.52-58962 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 14 match rule order 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', action Interactive Reset
192.168.10.52-58962 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 14 bypass action interactive bypass
192.168.10.52-58962 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 14 allow action
192.168.10.52-58962 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: allow rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', allow
192.168.10.52-58962 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: interactive bypass rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', allow
192.168.10.52-58962 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 14, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS

192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58962 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 3135589307, ack 1593478786
192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58962 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0)
192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58962 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: allow rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', allow
192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58962 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: interactive bypass rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', allow
192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58962 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 14, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS

有重置规则的交互块发送TCP RST对Web数据流：

firepower# show cap CAPI | i 11.50
   2: 22:13:33.112954       802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.40010 > 192.168.11.50.21: S 3109534920:3109534920(0) win 29200 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 3745225378 0,nop,wscale 7>
   3: 22:13:33.113626       802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.21 > 192.168.10.50.40010: S 3422362500:3422362500(0) ack 3109534921 win 8192 <mss 1380,nop,wscale 8,sackOK,timestamp 53252448 3745225378>
   4: 22:13:33.113824       802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.40010 > 192.168.11.50.21: . ack 3422362501 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3745225379 53252448>
   5: 22:13:33.114953       802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.21 > 192.168.10.50.40010: P 3422362501:3422362543(42) ack 3109534921 win 256 <nop,nop,timestamp 53252448 3745225379>
   6: 22:13:33.114984       802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.21 > 192.168.10.50.40010: P 3422362543:3422362549(6) ack 3109534921 win 256 <nop,nop,timestamp 53252448 3745225379>
   7: 22:13:33.114984       802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.21 > 192.168.10.50.40010: P 3422362549:3422362570(21) ack 3109534921 win 256 <nop,nop,timestamp 53252448 3745225379>
   8: 22:13:33.115182       802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.40010 > 192.168.11.50.21: . ack 3422362543 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3745225381 53252448>
   9: 22:13:33.115411       802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.40010 > 192.168.11.50.21: . ack 3422362549 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3745225381 53252448>
  10: 22:13:33.115426       802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.40010 > 192.168.11.50.21: . ack 3422362570 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3745225381 53252448>
  12: 22:13:34.803699       802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.40010 > 192.168.11.50.21: P 3109534921:3109534931(10) ack 3422362570 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3745227069 53252448>
  13: 22:13:34.804523       802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.21 > 192.168.10.50.40010: R 3422362570:3422362570(0) ack 3109534931 win 0

FTD规则指南

请使用Prefilter策略快速路径规则大fat流和为了通过方框减小延迟
请使用Prefilter分块规则必须根据L3/L4情况阻塞的流量
请使用ACP信任规则是否要绕过许多喷鼻息检查，但是仍然利用功能类似标识策略， QoS， SI，应用程序检测， URL过滤
放置影响防火墙性能在与使用的访问控制策略顶部这些指南的规则：

分块规则(层1-4) - Prefilter块
允许规则(层1-4) - Prefilter快速路径
ACP分块规则(层1-4)
信任规定(层1-4)
分块规则(层5-7 -应用程序检测， URL过滤)
允许规则(层1-7 -应用程序检测、URL过滤、入侵策略/文件策略)
分块规则(默认规则)

欲了解更详细的信息请检查以下文档：

NGFW策略运算顺序

避免额外的记录日志(日志起初或在末端和同时避免两个)
注意规则扩展，检查规则数量在莉娜

firepower# show access-list | include elements
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_; 7 elements; name hash: 0x4a69e3f3

摘要

Prefilter操作

ACP操作

Note:和从动态流卸载的6.3 FTD软件代码能卸载满足另外的标准包括委托数据包要求喷鼻息检查的连接。检查从Firepower管理中心配置指南的‘卸载大连接(流)欲了解更详细的信息’部分

澄清Firepower威胁防御访问控制策略规则操作

下载选项

关于此翻译

目录

简介

先决条件

要求

使用的组件

相关产品

背景信息

ACP如何部署

配置

ACP联机操作

ACP和Prefilter策略如何呼应

ACP块操作

方案1.早莉娜丢弃

由于方案2.的丢弃打鼾判决

有重置操作的ACP块

ACP允许操作

方案1. ACP允许操作(L3/L4情况)

方案2. ACP允许操作(L3-7情况)

方案3.喷鼻息快速转发判决与准许

ACP信任操作

方案1. ACP信任操作

方案2. ACP信任操作(没有SI、QoS和标识策略)

Prefilter策略块操作

Prefilter策略快速路径操作

Prefilter策略快速路径操作(线型设置)

Prefilter策略快速路径操作(线型设置与点击)

Prefilter策略分析操作

方案1. Prefilter分析与ACP分块规则

方案2. Prefilter分析与ACP允许规则

方案3. Prefilter分析与ACP信任规则

方案4. Prefilter分析与ACP信任规则

ACP监视器操作

ACP交互块操作

有重置操作的ACP交互块

FTD规则指南

摘要

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