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Enhanced Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) inspection in the Cisco firewall provides basic SIP inspect functionality (SIP packet inspection and pinholes opening) as well as protocol conformance and application security. These enhancements give the user a more control than in previous releases on what policies and security checks to apply to SIP traffic and the capability to filter out unwanted messages or users.
The development of additional SIP functionality in Cisco IOS XE software provides increased support for Cisco Call Manager (CCM), Cisco Call Manager Express (CCME), and Cisco IP-IP Gateway based voice/video systems. The Application Layer Gateway (ALG) SIP enhancement also supports RFC 3261 and its extensions.
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest feature information and caveats, see the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the "Feature Information for Cisco Firewall—SIP Enhancements: ALG" section.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
•Prerequisites for Cisco Firewall—SIP Enhancements: ALG
•Restrictions for Cisco Firewall—SIP Enhancements: ALG
•Information About Cisco Firewall—SIP Enhancements: ALG
•How to Configure Cisco Firewall—SIP Enhancements: ALG
•Configuration Examples for Cisco Firewall—SIP Enhancements: ALG
•Feature Information for Cisco Firewall—SIP Enhancements: ALG
Your system must be running Cisco IOS XE Release 2.4 or a later Cisco IOS XE software release
DNS Name Resolution
Although SIP methods can have Domain Name System (DNS) names instead of raw IP addresses, this feature currently does not support DNS names.
Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers
This feature was implemented without support for AIC on the Cisco ASR 1000 series routers. This release includes support for the following commands only: class-map type inspect, class type inspect, match protocol, and policy-map type inspect.
•Firewall for SIP Functionality Description
Cisco IOS XE Firewall
The Cisco IOS XE firewall extends the concept of static access control lists (ACLs) by introducing dynamic ACL entries that open on the basis of the necessary application ports on a specific application and close these ports at the end of the application session. The Cisco IOS XE firewall achieves this functionality by inspecting the application data, checking for conformance of the application protocol, extracting the relevant port information to create the dynamic ACL entries, and closing these ports at the end of the session. The Cisco IOS XE firewall is designed to easily allow a new application inspection whenever support is needed.
Session Initiation Protocol
SIP is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating sessions with one or more participants. These sessions could include Internet telephone calls, multimedia distribution, and multimedia conferences. SIP is based on an HTTP-like request/response transaction model. Each transaction consists of a request that invokes a particular method or function on the server and at least one response.
SIP invitations used to create sessions carry session descriptions that allow participants to agree on a set of compatible media types. SIP makes use of elements called proxy servers to help route requests to the user's current location, authenticate and authorize users for services, implement provider call-routing policies, and provide features to users. SIP also provides a registration function that allows users to upload their current locations for use by proxy servers. SIP runs on top of several different transport protocols.
The firewall for SIP support feature allows SIP signaling requests to traverse directly between gateways or through a series of proxies to the destination gateway or phone. After the initial request, if the Record-Route header field is not used, subsequent requests can traverse directly to the destination gateway address as specified in the Contact header field. Thus, the firewall is aware of all surrounding proxies and gateways and allows the following functionality:
•SIP signaling responses can travel the same path as SIP signaling requests.
•Subsequent signaling requests can travel directly to the endpoint (destination gateway).
•Media endpoints can exchange data between each other.
SIP UDP and TCP Support
RFC 3261 is the current RFC for SIP, which replaces RFC 2543. This feature supports the SIP User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and the TCP format for signaling.
This section describes the deployment scenarios supported by the Cisco Firewall—SIP ALG Enhancements feature.
Cisco IOS XE Firewall Between SIP Phones and CCM
The Cisco IOS XE firewall is located between CCM or CCME and SIP phones. SIP phones are registered to CCM or CCME through the firewall, and any SIP calls from or to the SIP phones pass through the firewall.
Cisco IOS XE Firewall Between SIP Gateways
The Cisco IOS XE firewall is located between two SIP gateways, which can be CCM, CCME, or a SIP proxy. Phones are registered with SIP gateways directly. The firewall sees the SIP session or traffic only when there is a SIP call between phones registered to different SIP gateways. In some scenarios an IP-IP gateway can also be configured on the same device as the firewall. With this scenario all the calls between the SIP gateways are terminated in the IP-IP gateway.
Cisco IOS XE Firewall with Local CCME and Remote CCME/CCCM
The Cisco IOS XE firewall is located between two SIP gateways, which can be CCM, CCME, or a SIP proxy. One of the gateways is configured on the same device as the firewall. All the phones registered to this gateway are locally inspected by the firewall. The firewall also inspects SIP sessions between the two gateways when there is a SIP call between them. With this scenario the firewall locally inspects SIP phones on one side and SIP gateways on the other side.
Cisco IOS XE Firewall with Local CCME
The Cisco IOS XE firewall and CCME is configured on the same device. All the phones registered to the CCME are locally inspected by the firewall. Any SIP call between any of the phones registered will also be inspected by the Cisco IOS XE firewall.
•Enabling SIP Inspection on Cisco ASR Series Routers
To enable SIP packet inspection, perform the steps in this section.
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. class-map type inspect match-any class-map-name
4. match protocol protocol-name
5. match protocol protocol-name
6. exit
7. policy-map type inspect policy-map-name
8. class type inspect class-map-name
9. inspect
10. service-policy policy-map-name
11. class class-default
12. exit
The following commands can be used to troubleshoot your SIP-enabled firewall configuration:
•clear zone-pair
•debug cce
•debug ip inspect
•debug policy-map type inspect
•show policy-map type inspect zone-pair
•show zone-pair security
•Example: Firewall and SIP Configuration on Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers
The following example shows how to configure the Cisco ASR 1000 series routers to enable SIP inspection:
class-map type inspect match-any c_appl match protocol sip match protocol tftp
policy-map type inspect p1
class type inspect c_appl
inspect
class class-default
zone security z_in
zone security z_out
interface fastethernet0/3/6
zone-member security z_in
interface fastethernet0/3/7
zone-member security z_out
zone-pair security in2out source z_in destination z_out
service-policy type inspect p1
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Cisco IOS commands |
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Cisco IOS firewall commands |
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Additional SIP Information |
Guide to Cisco Systems VoIP Infrastructure Solution for SIP |
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None |
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS XE software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL: |
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RFC 3261 |
SIP: Session Initiation Protocol |
Table 1 lists the features in this module and provides links to specific configuration information.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and software image support. Cisco Feature Navigator enables you to determine which software images support a specific software release, feature set, or platform. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Note Table 1 lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.