- Configuring LAN Interfaces
- Fast EtherChannel
- Configuring Serial Interfaces
- Lossless Compression R1 ATM Cell Switching and External BITS Clocking Source
- Network Analysis Module (NM-NAM)
- Minimal Disruptive Restart of VIP Cards
- Rate Based Satellite Control Protocol
- Configuring Virtual Interfaces
- Implementing Tunnels
- Dynamic Layer 3 VPNs with Multipoint GRE Tunnels
- MPLS VPN over mGRE
- IP Tunnel MIBs
- IF-MIBs
- Managing Dial Shelves
- Router-Shelf Redundancy for the Cisco AS5800
- Route-Switch-Controller Handover Redundancy on the Cisco AS5850
- Route Processor Redundancy Plus (RPR+)
- Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) ESMC and SSM
- IPv6 GRE Tunnels in CLNS Networks
- ISATAP Tunnel Support for IPv6
- IP over IPv6 Tunnels
- IPv6 Automatic 6to4 Tunnels
- IPv6 over IPv4 GRE Tunnels
- IPv6 Automatic IPv4-Compatible Tunnels
- Manually Configured IPv6 over IPv4 Tunnels
Interface and Hardware Component Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15S
- Updated:
- November 20, 2017
Chapter: IP over IPv6 Tunnels
Contents
- IP over IPv6 Tunnels
- Finding Feature Information
- Information About IP over IPv6 Tunnels
- Overlay Tunnels for IPv6
- IPv6 Manually Configured Tunnels
- GRE IPv4 Tunnel Support for IPv6 Traffic
- GRE Support over IPv6 Transport
- How to Configure IP over IPv6 Tunnels
- Configuring Manual IPv6 Tunnels
- Configuring GRE IPv6 Tunnels
- Configuration Examples for IP over IPv6 Tunnels
- Example: Configuring IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Tunnels
- Additional References
- Feature Information for IP over IPv6 Tunnels
IP over IPv6 Tunnels
IPv6 supports IP over IPv6 tunnels, which includes the following:
Generic routing encapsulation (GRE) IPv4 tunnel support for IPv6 traffic—IPv6 traffic can be carried over IPv4 GRE tunnels using the standard GRE tunneling technique that is designed to provide the services to implement any standard point-to-point encapsulation scheme. The primary use of GRE tunnels is for stable connections that require regular secure communication between two edge devices or between an edge device and an end system. The edge devices and the end systems must be dual-stack implementations.
GRE support over IPv6 transport—GRE has a protocol field that identifies the passenger protocol. GRE tunnels allow Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) or IPv6 to be specified as a passenger protocol, which allows both IS-IS and IPv6 traffic to run over the same tunnel.
VRF-aware IPv4/IPv6 over IPv6 tunnels - Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)-aware tunnels are used to connect customer networks separated by untrusted core networks or core networks with different infrastructures (IPv4 or IPv6).
- Finding Feature Information
- Information About IP over IPv6 Tunnels
- How to Configure IP over IPv6 Tunnels
- Configuration Examples for IP over IPv6 Tunnels
- Additional References
- Feature Information for IP over IPv6 Tunnels
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table at the end of this module.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Information About IP over IPv6 Tunnels
- Overlay Tunnels for IPv6
- IPv6 Manually Configured Tunnels
- GRE IPv4 Tunnel Support for IPv6 Traffic
- GRE Support over IPv6 Transport
Overlay Tunnels for IPv6
Overlay tunneling encapsulates IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets for delivery across an IPv4 infrastructure (a core network or the figure below). By using overlay tunnels, you can communicate with isolated IPv6 networks without upgrading the IPv4 infrastructure between them. Overlay tunnels can be configured between border devices or between a border device and a host; however, both tunnel endpoints must support both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks. IPv6 supports the following types of overlay tunneling mechanisms:
Manual
Generic routing encapsulation (GRE)
IPv4-compatible
6to4
Intrasite Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)
 Note | Overlay tunnels reduce the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of an interface by 20 octets (assuming that the basic IPv4 packet header does not contain optional fields). A network that uses overlay tunnels is difficult to troubleshoot. Therefore, overlay tunnels that connect isolated IPv6 networks should not be considered a final IPv6 network architecture. The use of overlay tunnels should be considered as a transition technique toward a network that supports both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks or just the IPv6 protocol stack. |
Use the table below to help you determine which type of tunnel that you want to configure to carry IPv6 packets over an IPv4 network.
|
Tunneling Type |
Suggested Usage |
Usage Notes |
|---|---|---|
|
Manual |
Simple point-to-point tunnels that can be used within a site or between sites. |
Can carry IPv6 packets only. |
|
GRE- and IPv4- compatible |
Simple point-to-point tunnels that can be used within a site or between sites. |
Can carry IPv6, Connectionless Network Service (CLNS), and many other types of packets. |
|
IPv4- compatible |
Point-to-multipoint tunnels. |
Uses the ::/96 prefix. We do not recommend using this tunnel type. |
|
6to4 |
Point-to-multipoint tunnels that can be used to connect isolated IPv6 sites. |
Sites use addresses from the 2002::/16 prefix. |
|
6RD |
IPv6 service is provided to customers over an IPv4 network by using encapsulation of IPv6 in IPv4. |
Prefixes can be from the SP’s own address block. |
|
ISATAP |
Point-to-multipoint tunnels that can be used to connect systems within a site. |
Sites can use any IPv6 unicast addresses. |
Individual tunnel types are discussed in detail in this document. We recommend that you review and understand the information about the specific tunnel type that you want to implement. When you are familiar with the type of tunnel you need, see the table below for a summary of the tunnel configuration parameters that you may find useful.
|
Tunneling Type |
Tunnel Configuration Parameter |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Tunnel Mode |
Tunnel Source |
Tunnel Destination |
Interface Prefix or Address |
|
|
Manual |
ipv6ip |
An IPv4 address, or a reference to an interface on which IPv4 is configured. |
An IPv4 address. |
An IPv6 address. |
|
GRE/IPv4 |
gre ip |
An IPv4 address. |
An IPv6 address. |
|
|
IPv4- compatible |
ipv6ip auto-tunnel |
Not required. These are all point-to-multipoint tunneling types. The IPv4 destination address is calculated, on a per-packet basis, from the IPv6 destination. |
Not required. The interface address is generated as ::tunnel-source/96. |
|
|
6to4 |
ipv6ip 6to4 |
An IPv6 address. The prefix must embed the tunnel source IPv4 address. |
||
|
6RD |
ipv6ip 6rd |
An IPv6 address. |
||
|
ISATAP |
ipv6ip isatap |
An IPv6 prefix in modified eui-64 format. The IPv6 address is generated from the prefix and the tunnel source IPv4 address. |
IPv6 Manually Configured Tunnels
A manually configured tunnel is equivalent to a permanent link between two IPv6 domains over an IPv4 backbone. The primary use is for stable connections that require regular secure communication between two edge devices or between an end system and an edge device, or for connection to remote IPv6 networks.
An IPv6 address is manually configured on a tunnel interface, and manually configured IPv4 addresses are assigned to the tunnel source and the tunnel destination. The host or device at each end of a configured tunnel must support both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks. Manually configured tunnels can be configured between border devices or between a border device and a host. Cisco Express Forwarding switching can be used for IPv6 manually configured tunnels, or Cisco Express Forwarding switching can be disabled if process switching is needed.
GRE IPv4 Tunnel Support for IPv6 Traffic
IPv6 traffic can be carried over IPv4 GRE tunnels using the standard GRE tunneling technique that is designed to provide the services to implement any standard point-to-point encapsulation scheme. As in IPv6 manually configured tunnels, GRE tunnels are links between two points, with a separate tunnel for each link. The tunnels are not tied to a specific passenger or transport protocol but, in this case, carry IPv6 as the passenger protocol with the GRE as the carrier protocol and IPv4 or IPv6 as the transport protocol.
The primary use of GRE tunnels is for stable connections that require regular secure communication between two edge devices or between an edge device and an end system. The edge devices and the end systems must be dual-stack implementations.
GRE Support over IPv6 Transport
GRE has a protocol field that identifies the passenger protocol. GRE tunnels allow Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) or IPv6 to be specified as a passenger protocol, which allows both IS-IS and IPv6 traffic to run over the same tunnel. If GRE did not have a protocol field, it would be impossible to distinguish whether the tunnel was carrying IS-IS or IPv6 packets. The GRE protocol field makes it desirable to tunnel IS-IS and IPv6 inside GRE.
How to Configure IP over IPv6 Tunnels
Configuring Manual IPv6 Tunnels
Perform this task to configure manual IPv6 tunnels.
With manually configured IPv6 tunnels, an IPv6 address is configured on a tunnel interface, and manually configured IPv4 addresses are assigned to the tunnel source and the tunnel destination. The host or router at each end of a configured tunnel must support both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks.
1.
enable
2.
configure
terminal
3.
interface
tunnel
tunnel-number
4.
ipv6
address
ipv6-prefix
/
prefix-length
[eui-64]
5.
tunnel
source
{ip-address| interface-t ype interface-number}
6.
tunnel
destination
ip-address
7.
tunnel
mode
ipv6ip
DETAILED STEPS
Configuring GRE IPv6 Tunnels
Perform this task to configure a GRE tunnel on an IPv6 network. GRE tunnels can be configured to run over an IPv6 network layer and to transport IPv6 packets in IPv6 tunnels and IPv4 packets in IPv6 tunnels.
When GRE IPv6 tunnels are configured, IPv6 addresses are assigned to the tunnel source and the tunnel destination. The tunnel interface can have either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses assigned (this is not shown in the task). The host or router at each end of a configured tunnel must support both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks.
1.
enable
2.
configure
terminal
3.
interface
tunnel
tunnel-number
4.
ipv6
address
ipv6-prefix
/
prefix-length
[eui-64]
5.
tunnel
source
{ip-address | ipv6-address | interface-type interface-number}
6.
tunnel
destination
{host-name | ip-address | ipv6-address}
7.
tunnel
mode
{aurp | cayman | dvmrp | eon | gre| gre multipoint | gre ipv6 | ipip
[decapsulate-any] | iptalk | ipv6 | mpls | nos
DETAILED STEPS
| Command or Action | Purpose | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Step 1 |
enable
Example: Router> enable |
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
| ||
| Step 2 |
configure
terminal
Example: Router# configure terminal |
Enters global configuration mode. | ||
| Step 3 |
interface
tunnel
tunnel-number
Example: Router(config)# interface tunnel 0 |
Specifies a tunnel interface and number, and enters interface configuration mode. | ||
| Step 4 |
ipv6
address
ipv6-prefix
/
prefix-length
[eui-64] Example: Router(config-if)# ipv6 address 3ffe:b00:c18:1::3/127 |
Specifies the IPv6 network assigned to the interface and enables IPv6 processing on the interface. | ||
| Step 5 |
tunnel
source
{ip-address | ipv6-address | interface-type interface-number} Example: Router(config-if)# tunnel source ethernet 0 |
Specifies the source IPv4 address or the source interface type and number for the tunnel interface.
| ||
| Step 6 |
tunnel
destination
{host-name | ip-address | ipv6-address} Example: Router(config-if)# tunnel destination 2001:DB8:1111:2222::1/64 |
Specifies the destination IPv6 address or hostname for the tunnel interface. | ||
| Step 7 |
tunnel
mode
{aurp | cayman | dvmrp | eon | gre| gre multipoint | gre ipv6 | ipip
[decapsulate-any] | iptalk | ipv6 | mpls | nos Example: Router(config-if)# tunnel mode gre ipv6 |
Specifies a GRE IPv6 tunnel.
|
Configuration Examples for IP over IPv6 Tunnels
Example: Configuring IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Tunnels
The following example configures an IPv4-compatible IPv6 tunnel that allows Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to run between a number of routers without having to configure a mesh of manual tunnels. Each router has a single IPv4-compatible tunnel, and multiple BGP sessions can run over each tunnel, one to each neighbor. Ethernet interface 0 is used as the tunnel source. The tunnel destination is automatically determined by the IPv4 address in the low-order 32 bits of an IPv4-compatible IPv6 address. Specifically, the IPv6 prefix 0:0:0:0:0:0 is concatenated to an IPv4 address (in the format 0:0:0:0:0:0:A.B.C.D or ::A.B.C.D) to create the IPv4-compatible IPv6 address. Ethernet interface 0 is configured with a global IPv6 address and an IPv4 address (the interface supports both the IPv6 and IPv4 protocol stacks).
Multiprotocol BGP is used in the example to exchange IPv6 reachability information with the peer 10.67.0.2. The IPv4 address of Ethernet interface 0 is used in the low-order 32 bits of an IPv4-compatible IPv6 address and is also used as the next-hop attribute. Using an IPv4-compatible IPv6 address for the BGP neighbor allows the IPv6 BGP session to be automatically transported over an IPv4-compatible tunnel.
interface tunnel 0 tunnel source Ethernet 0 tunnel mode ipv6ip auto-tunnel interface ethernet 0 ip address 10.27.0.1 255.255.255.0 ipv6 address 3000:2222::1/64 router bgp 65000 no synchronization no bgp default ipv4-unicast neighbor ::10.67.0.2 remote-as 65002 address-family ipv6 neighbor ::10.67.0.2 activate neighbor ::10.67.0.2 next-hop-self network 2001:2222:d00d:b10b::/64
Additional References
Related Documents
Related Topic |
Document Title |
|---|---|
|
IPv6 addressing and connectivity |
IPv6 Configuration Guide |
|
Cisco IOS commands |
|
|
IPv6 commands |
|
|
Cisco IOS IPv6 features |
Standards and RFCs
Standard/RFC |
Title |
|---|---|
|
RFCs for IPv6 |
IPv6 RFCs |
MIBs
|
MIB |
MIBs Link |
|---|---|
|
|
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL: |
Technical Assistance
Description |
Link |
|---|---|
|
The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. |
Feature Information for IP over IPv6 Tunnels
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Feature Name |
Releases |
Feature Information |
|---|---|---|
|
IP over IPv6 Tunnels |
12.2(30)S 12.2(33)SRA 12.3(7)T 12.4 12.4(2)T 15.0(1)S |
IPv6 supports this feature. The following commands were introduced or modified: tunnel destination, tunnel mode, tunnel mode ipv6ip, tunnel source. |