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Cisco PIX 500 Series Security Appliances

Configuring IPSec Between a Router and a PIX Using the nat 0 access-list Command

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Document ID: 9353


Contents

Introduction
Before You Begin
      Conventions
      Prerequisites
      Components Used
      Background Theory
Configure
      Network Diagram
      Configurations
Verify
Troubleshoot
      Troubleshooting Commands
      Sample debug Output
Related Information

Introduction

This document illustrates an IP Security (IPSec) configuration between a router and a Cisco Secure PIX Firewall. We want to use private internal IP addresses when passing traffic between the headquarters LAN and the remote LANs, and to translate the LAN hosts to routable IP addresses when users access the Internet. However, users can also access public pages on the Internet without their traffic going through the tunnel using the route-map command.

Refer to ASA/PIX : Security Appliance to an IOS Router LAN-to-LAN IPsec Tunnel Configuration Example in order to learn more about the scenario where a LAN-to-LAN tunnels between a router and the Cisco Security Appliances PIX/ASA.

Before You Begin

Conventions

For more information on document conventions, see the Cisco Technical Tips Conventions.

Prerequisites

There are no specific prerequisites for this document.

Components Used

The information in this document is based on the software and hardware versions below.

  • Cisco Router with Cisco IOS® Software Release 12.0(7)T

  • Cisco PIX Firewall Version 5.1(1)

The information presented in this document was created from devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If you are working in a live network, ensure that you understand the potential impact of any command before using it.

Background Theory

On the PIX, the access-list and nat 0 commands work together. When a user on the 10.1.1.0 network goes to the 10.2.2.0 network, we use the access list to permit the 10.1.1.0 network traffic to be encrypted without Network Address Translation (NAT). However, when those same users go anywhere else, they are translated to the 172.17.63.210 address through Port Address Translation (PAT). On the router, the route-map and access-list commands are used to permit the 10.2.2.0 network traffic to be encrypted without NAT. However, when those same users go anywhere else, they are translated to the 172.17.63.210 address through Port Address Translation (PAT).

The following are configuration commands required on the PIX firewall in order for traffic not to run through PAT over the tunnel, and traffic to the Internet to run through PAT.

access-list nonat permit ip 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.2.2.0 255.255.255.0
nat (inside) 0 access-list nonat
nat (inside) 1 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 0 0

Configure

In this section, you are presented with the information to configure the features described in this document.

Note: To find additional information on the commands used in this document, use the IOS Command Lookup tool.

Network Diagram

This document uses the network setup shown in the diagram below.

39a.gif

Configurations

This document uses the configurations shown below.

Headquarters PIX

 
PIX Version 5.1(1)
nameif ethernet0 outside security0
nameif ethernet1 inside security100

!--- Traffic to the router:

access-list ipsec permit ip 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 

!--- Do not Network Address Translate (NAT) traffic to the router:

access-list nonat permit ip 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 
enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted
passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted
hostname HQ_PIX
fixup protocol ftp 21
fixup protocol http 80
fixup protocol smtp 25
fixup protocol h323 1720
fixup protocol rsh 514
fixup protocol sqlnet 1521
names
pager lines 24
no logging timestamp
no logging standby
no logging console
no logging monitor
no logging buffered
no logging trap
no logging history
logging facility 20
logging queue 512
interface ethernet0 auto
interface ethernet1 auto
mtu outside 1500
mtu inside 1500
ip address outside 172.17.63.213 255.255.255.240
ip address inside 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no failover
failover timeout 0:00:00
failover ip address outside 0.0.0.0
failover ip address inside 0.0.0.0
arp timeout 14400
global (outside) 1 172.17.63.210

!--- Do not NAT traffic to the router:

nat (inside) 0 access-list nonat
nat (inside) 1 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 0 0
conduit permit icmp any any 
route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.17.63.209 1
timeout xlate 3:00:00 conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00
timeout rpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00
timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute
aaa-server TACACS+ protocol tacacs+ 
aaa-server RADIUS protocol radius 
aaa-server partner protocol tacacs+ 
no snmp-server location
no snmp-server contact
snmp-server community public
no snmp-server enable traps
floodguard enable

!--- IPSec policies:

sysopt connection permit-ipsec
crypto ipsec transform-set avalanche esp-des esp-md5-hmac
crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 3600  
crypto map forsberg 21 ipsec-isakmp
crypto map forsberg 21 match address ipsec
crypto map forsberg 21 set peer 172.17.63.230 
crypto map forsberg 21 set transform-set avalanche
crypto map forsberg interface outside

!--- IKE policies:

isakmp enable outside
isakmp key westernfinal2000 address 172.17.63.230 netmask 255.255.255.255 
isakmp identity address
isakmp policy 21 authentication pre-share
isakmp policy 21 encryption des
isakmp policy 21 hash md5
isakmp policy 21 group 1
telnet timeout 5
terminal width 80
Cryptochecksum:e36245da9428c4c07b489f787c8ccd3b
: end

Branch Router

 
Current configuration:
!
version 12.0
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Branch_Router
!
!
!
!
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!

!--- IKE policies:

crypto isakmp policy 11
 hash md5
 authentication pre-share
crypto isakmp key westernfinal2000 address 172.17.63.213  
!         
!

!--- IPSec policies:

crypto ipsec transform-set sharks esp-des esp-md5-hmac 
!
!
crypto map nolan 11 ipsec-isakmp   
 set peer 172.17.63.213
 set transform-set sharks
 
!--- Include the private-network-to-private-network traffic
 !--- in the encryption process. 

 match address 120
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
 ip address 172.17.63.230 255.255.255.240
 no ip directed-broadcast
 ip nat outside
 no ip route-cache
 crypto map nolan
!
interface Ethernet1
 ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0
 no ip directed-broadcast
 ip nat inside
!
interface Serial0
 no ip address
 no ip directed-broadcast
 no ip mroute-cache
 shutdown
 no fair-queue
!
interface Serial1
 no ip address
 no ip directed-broadcast
 shutdown
!
ip nat pool branch 172.17.63.230 172.17.63.230 netmask 255.255.255.240

!--- Except the private network from the NAT process:

ip nat inside source route-map nonat pool branch overload
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.17.63.225
no ip http server

!--- Include the private-network-to-private-network traffic 
!--- in the encryption process:

access-list 120 permit ip 10.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

!--- Except the private network from the NAT process:

access-list 130 deny   ip 10.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 130 permit ip 10.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 any

!--- Except the private network from the NAT process:

route-map nonat permit 10
 match ip address 130
!         
!
line con 0
 transport input none
line 1 16
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
end

Verify

This section provides information you can use to confirm your configuration is working properly.

Certain show commands are supported by the Output Interpreter tool, which allows you to view an analysis of show command output.

  • show crypto isakmp sa - View all current IKE security associations (SAs) at a peer.

  • show crypto ipsec sa - Shows the settings used by current [IPSec] security associations.

  • show crypto engine connections active - (Router only) Shows current connections and information regarding encrypted and decrypted packets.

Troubleshoot

This section provides information you can use to troubleshoot your configuration.

Troubleshooting Commands

Certain show commands are supported by the Output Interpreter tool, which allows you to view an analysis of show command output.

Note: Before issuing debug commands, please see Important Information on Debug Commands.

The following debugs must be running on both IPSec peers.

  • debug crypto isakmp - (Router & PIX) Displays errors during Phase 1.

  • debug crypto ipsec - (Router & PIX) Displays errors during Phase 2.

  • debug crypto engine - (Router only) Displays information from the crypto engine.

Clearing security associations must be done on both peers. The PIX commands are performed in enable mode; the router commands are performed in non-enable mode.

  • clear crypto isakmp sa - (PIX) Clears the Phase 1 security associations.

  • clear crypto ipsec sa - (PIX) Clears the Phase 2 security associations.

  • clear crypto isakmp - (Router) Clears the Phase 1 security associations.

  • clear crypto sa - (Router) Clears the Phase 2 security associations.

Sample debug Output

Headquarters PIX Debugs

ISAKMP (0): beginning Main Mode exchange
IPSEC(ipsec_encap): crypto map check deny

02303: sa_request,
  (key eng. msg.) src= 172.17.63.213, dest= 172.17.63.230, 
    src_proxy= 10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4), 
    dest_proxy= 10.2.2.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4),
    protocol= ESP, transform= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , 
    lifedur= 28800s and 4608000kb, 
    spi= 0x0(0), conn_id= 0, keysize= 0, flags= 0x4004


crypto_isakmp_process_block: src 172.17.63.230, 
    dest 172.17.63.213
OAK_MM exchange
ISAKMP (0): processing SA payload. message ID = 0

ISAKMP (0): Checking ISAKMP transform 1 against priority 
    21 policy
ISAKMP:      encryption DES-CBC
ISAKMP:      hash MD5
ISAKMP:      default group 1
ISAKMP:      auth pre-share
ISAKMP:      life type in seconds
ISAKMP:      life duration (basic) of 3600
ISAKMP (0): atts are acceptable. Next payload is 0
ISAKMP (0): SA is doing pre-shared key authentication 
    using id type ID_IPV4_ADDR
return status is IKMP_NO_ERRORIPSEC(ipsec_encap): crypto 
    map check deny


crypto_isakmp_process_block: src 172.17.63.230, 
    dest 172.17.63.213
OAK_MM exchange
ISAKMP (0): processing KE payload. message ID = 0

ISAKMP (0): processing NONCE payload. message ID = 0

ISAKMP (0): processing vendor id payload

ISAKMP (0): speaking to another IOS box!

ISAKMP (0): ID payload
        next-payload : 8
        type         : 1
        protocol     : 17
        port         : 500
        length       : 8
ISAKMP (0): Total payload length: 12
return status is IKMP_NO_ERRORIPSEC(ipsec_encap): 
    crypto map check deny


crypto_isakmp_process_block: src 172.17.63.230, 
    dest 172.17.63.213
OAK_MM exchange
ISAKMP (0): processing ID payload. message ID = 0
ISAKMP (0): processing HASH payload. message ID = 0
ISAKMP (0): SA has been authenticated

ISAKMP (0): beginning Quick Mode exchange, M-ID of 
   -1448244754:a9ad89eeIPSEC(key_engine): got a 
   queue even
IPSEC(spi_response): getting spi 0x5cfcf6e9(1560082153) 
    for SA from   172.17.63.230 to   
    172.17.63.213 for prot 3

return status is IKMP_NO_ERROR
crypto_isakmp_process_block: src 172.17.63.230, 
    dest 172.17.63.213
OAK_QM exchange
oakley_process_quick_mode:
OAK_QM_IDLE
ISAKMP (0): processing SA payload. message ID = 
    -1448244754

ISAKMP : Checking IPSec proposal 1

ISAKMP: transform 1, ESP_DES
ISAKMP:   attributes in transform:
ISAKMP:      encaps is 1
ISAKMP:      SA life type in seconds
ISAKMP:      SA life duration (basic) of 28800
ISAKMP:      SA life type in kilobytes
ISAKMP:      SA life duration (VPI) of  0x0 
    0x46 0x50 0x0 
ISAKMP:      authenticator is HMAC-MD5
ISAKMP (0): atts are acceptable.IPSEC
    (validate_proposal_request): 
    proposal part #1,
    (key eng. msg.) dest= 172.17.63.230, 
    src= 172.17.63.213, 
    dest_proxy= 10.2.2.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4), 
    src_proxy= 10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4),
    protocol= ESP, transform= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , 
    lifedur= 0s and 0kb, 
    spi= 0x0(0), conn_id= 0, keysize= 0, flags= 0x4

ISAKMP (0): processing NONCE payload. message ID =
     -1448244754

ISAKMP (0): processing ID payload. message ID =
     -1448244754
ISAKMP (0): processing ID payload. message ID = 
    -1448244754
ISAKMP (0): processing NOTIFY payload 96 protocol 3
        spi 1510339082, message ID = -1448244754
ISAKMP (0): processing responder lifetime
ISAKMP (0): responder lifetime of 
    3600sIPSEC(map_alloc_entry): 
    allocating entry 3

IPSEC(map_alloc_entry): allocating entry 4


ISAKMP (0): Creating IPSec SAs
        inbound SA from   172.17.63.230 to   
    172.17.63.213 
        (proxy 10.2.2.0 to 10.1.1.0)
        has spi 1560082153 and conn_id 3 and flags 4
        lifetime of 3600 seconds
        lifetime of 4608000 kilobytes
        outbound SA from   172.17.63.213 to   
    172.17.63.230 
        (proxy 10.1.1.0 to 10.2.2.0)
        has spi 183633242 and conn_id 4 and flags 4
        lifetime of 3600 seconds
        lifetime of 4608000 kilobytesIPSEC(key_engine): 
    got a queue event...
IPSEC(initialize_sas): ,
  (key eng. msg.) dest= 172.17.63.213, src= 
    172.17.63.230, 
    dest_proxy= 10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4), 
    src_proxy= 10.2.2.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4),
    protocol= ESP, transform= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , 
    lifedur= 3600s and 4608000kb, 
    spi= 0x5cfcf6e9(1560082153), conn_id= 3, keysize= 0, 
    flags= 0x4
IPSEC(initialize_sas): ,
  (key eng. msg.) src= 172.17.63.213, dest= 
    172.17.63.230, 
    src_proxy= 10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4), 
    dest_proxy= 10.2.2.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4),
    protocol= ESP, transform= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , 
    lifedur= 3600s and 4608000kb, 
    spi= 0xaf2055a(183633242), conn_id= 4, keysize= 0, 
    flags= 0x4

return status is IKMP_NO_ERROR602301: sa created,
  (sa) sa_dest= 172.17.63.213, sa_prot= 50, 
    sa_spi= 0x5cfcf6e9(1560082153), 
    sa_trans= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , sa_conn_id= 3
602301: sa created,
  (sa) sa_dest= 172.17.63.230, sa_prot= 50, 
    sa_spi= 0xaf2055a(183633242), 
    sa_trans= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , sa_conn_id= 4

Branch Router Debugs

Branch_Router#
01:27:08: ISAKMP (0): received packet from 172.17.63.213 
    (N) NEW SA
01:27:08: ISAKMP (0:1): processing SA payload. 
    message ID = 0
01:27:08: ISAKMP (0:1): Checking ISAKMP transform 1 
    against priority 11 policy
01:27:08: ISAKMP:      encryption DES-CBC
01:27:08: ISAKMP:      hash MD5
01:27:08: ISAKMP:      default group 1
01:27:08: ISAKMP:      auth pre-share
01:27:08: ISAKMP:      life type in seconds
01:27:08: ISAKMP:      life duration (basic) of 3600
01:27:08: ISAKMP (0:1): atts are acceptable. Next 
    payload is 0
01:27:08: CryptoEngine0: generate alg parameter
01:27:10: CRYPTO_ENGINE: Dh phase 1 status: 0
01:27:10: CRYPTO_ENGINE: Dh phase 1 status: 0
01:27:10: ISAKMP (0:1): SA is doing pre-shared key 
    authentication
01:27:10: ISAKMP (1): SA is doing pre-shared key 
    authentication using id type ID_IPV4_ADDR
01:27:10: ISAKMP (1): sending packet to 172.17.63.213 
    (R) MM_SA_SETUP
01:27:10: ISAKMP (1): received packet from 172.17.63.213 
    (R) MM_SA_SETUP
01:27:10: ISAKMP (0:1): processing KE payload. message 
    ID = 0
01:27:10: CryptoEngine0: generate alg parameter
01:27:12: ISAKMP (0:1): processing NONCE payload. 
    message ID = 0
01:27:12: CryptoEngine0: create ISAKMP SKEYID for 
    conn id 1
01:27:12: ISAKMP (0:1): SKEYID state generated
01:27:12: ISAKMP (0:1): processing vendor id payload
01:27:12: ISAKMP (0:1): speaking to another IOS box!
01:27:12: ISAKMP (1): sending packet to 172.17.63.213 (R) 
    MM_KEY_EXCH
01:27:12: ISAKMP (1): received packet from 172.17.63.213 
    (R) MM_KEY_EXCH
01:27:12: ISAKMP (0:1): processing ID payload. 
    message ID = 0
01:27:12: ISAKMP (0:1): processing HASH payload. 
    message ID = 0
01:27:12: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for 
    conn id 1
01:27:12: ISAKMP (0:1): SA has been authenticated 
    with 172.17.63.213
01:27:12: ISAKMP (1): ID payload
        next-payload : 8
        type         : 1
        protocol     : 17
        port         : 500
        length       : 8
01:27:12: ISAKMP (1): Total payload length: 12
01:27:12: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context 
    for conn id 1
01:27:12: CryptoEngine0: clear dh number for 
    conn id 1
01:27:12: ISAKMP (1): sending packet to 
    172.17.63.213 (R) QM_IDLE      
01:27:12: ISAKMP (1): received packet from 
    172.17.63.213 (R) QM_IDLE      
01:27:12: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for 
    conn id 1
01:27:12: ISAKMP (0:1): processing SA payload. 
    message ID = -1448244754
01:27:12: ISAKMP (0:1): Checking IPSec proposal 1
01:27:12: ISAKMP: transform 1, ESP_DES
01:27:12: ISAKMP:   attributes in transform:
01:27:12: ISAKMP:      encaps is 1
01:27:12: ISAKMP:      SA life type in seconds
01:27:12: ISAKMP:      SA life duration (basic) 
    of 28800
01:27:12: ISAKMP:      SA life type in kilobytes
01:27:12: ISAKMP:      SA life duration (VPI) of  
    0x0 0x46 0x50 0x0 
01:27:12: ISAKMP:      authenticator is HMAC-MD5
01:27:12: validate proposal 0
01:27:12: ISAKMP (0:1): atts are acceptable.
01:27:12: IPSEC(validate_proposal_request): 
    proposal part #1, (key eng. msg.) 
    dest= 172.17.63.230, src= 172.17.63.213, 
    dest_proxy= 10.2.2.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4), 
    src_proxy= 10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4),
    protocol= ESP, transform= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , 
    lifedur= 0s and 0kb, 
    spi= 0x0(0), conn_id= 0, keysize= 0, flags= 0x4
01:27:13: validate proposal request 0
01:27:13: ISAKMP (0:1): processing NONCE payload. 
    message ID = -1448244754
01:27:13: ISAKMP (0:1): processing ID payload. 
    message ID = -1448244754
01:27:13: ISAKMP (1): ID_IPV4_ADDR_SUBNET src 
    10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0 prot 0 port 0
01:27:13: ISAKMP (0:1): processing ID payload. 
    message ID = -1448244754
01:27:13: ISAKMP (1): ID_IPV4_ADDR_SUBNET dst 
    10.2.2.0/255.255.255.0 prot 0 port 0
01:27:13: IPSEC(key_engine): got a queue event...
01:27:13: IPSEC(spi_response): getting spi 183633242 
    for SA 
    from 172.17.63.213 to 172.17.63.230 for prot 3
01:27:13: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for 
    conn id 1
01:27:13: ISAKMP (1): sending packet to 172.17.63.213 
    (R) QM_IDLE      
01:27:13: ISAKMP (1): received packet from 172.17.63.213 
    (R) QM_IDLE      
01:27:13: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context 
    for conn id 1
01:27:13: ipsec allocate flow 0
01:27:13: ipsec allocate flow 0
01:27:13: ISAKMP (0:1): Creating IPSec SAs
01:27:13:         inbound SA from 172.17.63.213 
    to 172.17.63.230  (proxy 10.1.1.0 to 10.2.2.0)
01:27:13:         has spi 183633242 and conn_id 2000 
    and flags 4
01:27:13:         lifetime of 28800 seconds
01:27:13:         lifetime of 4608000 kilobytes
01:27:13:         outbound SA from 172.17.63.230   
    to 172.17.63.213  (proxy 10.2.2.0 to 10.1.1.0)
01:27:13:         has spi 1560082153 and conn_id 
    2001 and flags 4
01:27:13:         lifetime of 28800 seconds
01:27:13:         lifetime of 4608000 kilobytes
01:27:13: ISAKMP (0:1): deleting node -1448244754
01:27:13: IPSEC(key_engine): got a queue event...
01:27:13: IPSEC(initialize_sas): ,
   (key eng. msg.) dest= 172.17.63.230, src= 
    172.17.63.213, 
    dest_proxy= 10.2.2.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4), 
    src_proxy= 10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4),
    protocol= ESP, transform= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , 
    lifedur= 28800s and 4608000kb, 
    spi= 0xAF2055A(183633242), conn_id= 2000, 
    keysize= 0, flags= 0x4
01:27:13: IPSEC(initialize_sas): ,
   (key eng. msg.) src= 172.17.63.230, 
    dest= 172.17.63.213, 
    src_proxy= 10.2.2.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4), 
    dest_proxy= 10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4),
    protocol= ESP, transform= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , 
    lifedur= 28800s and 4608000kb, 
    spi= 0x5CFCF6E9(1560082153), conn_id= 2001, 
    keysize= 0, flags= 0x4
01:27:13: IPSEC(create_sa): sa created,
  (sa) sa_dest= 172.17.63.230, sa_prot= 50, 
    sa_spi= 0xAF2055A(183633242), 
    sa_trans= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , sa_conn_id= 2000
01:27:13: IPSEC(create_sa): sa created,
  (sa) sa_dest= 172.17.63.213, sa_prot= 50, 
    sa_spi= 0x5CFCF6E9(1560082153), 
    sa_trans= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , sa_conn_id= 2001

Related Information

Updated: Nov 04, 2002 Document ID: 9353