Table Of Contents
Release Notes for Cisco Aironet 1410 Bridges
for Cisco IOS Release 12.2(11)JA
Contents
Introduction
System Requirements
Finding the Software Version
Upgrading to a New Software Release
New Features
Cisco IOS Release 12.2(11)JA
Key Bridge Features
Installation Notes
Warnings
Safety Information
FCC Safety Compliance Statement
Safety Precautions
Bridge Installation
Stacking Bridges
Important Notes
Cisco Aironet Software Requires Completion of Encryption Authorization Form
Default Encryption Key 2 Is Set by Bridge
Limitation to PAgP Redundancy on Switches Connected by Bridge Links
Power Client n CLI Command Is Not Supported
Default Infrastructure SSID
ARP Table Is Corrupted When Multiple BVIs Are Configured
Bridge Power Up LED Colors
Wireless Packet Concatenation
Caveats
Open Caveats
Troubleshooting
Documentation Updates
Stacking Bridges Section Changes
Related Documentation
Platform-Specific Documents
Cisco IOS Software Documentation Set
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request
Release Notes for Cisco Aironet 1410 Bridges
for Cisco IOS Release 12.2(11)JA
June 2003
These release notes describe features, enhancements, and caveats for Cisco IOS Release 12.2(11)JA. They also provide important information about the Cisco Aironet 1410 Bridge (hereafter called bridge).
Contents
These release notes contain the following sections:
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Introduction
•System Requirements
•New Features
•Installation Notes
•Important Notes
•Caveats
•Troubleshooting
•Related Documentation
•Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request
Introduction
The Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Bridge is a wireless device designed for building-to-building wireless connectivity. Operating in the 5.8-GHz UNII 3 band (5725 to 5825 MHz), derived from the 802.11a standard, the bridge delivers 6 to 54 Mbps data rates without the need for a license. The bridge is a self-contained unit designed for outdoor installations, providing differing antenna gains as well as coverage patterns and supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurations.
The bridge uses a browser-based management system, but you can also configure the bridge using the command-line interface (CLI) through a Telnet session, Cisco IOS commands, or Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
System Requirements
Cisco IOS Release 12.2(11)JA is factory installed on your bridge. As new Cisco IOS releases become available for the bridge, you should consider upgrading.
Finding the Software Version
To find the version of IOS running on your bridge, use a Telnet session to log into the bridge and enter the show version EXEC command. This example shows command output from a bridge running Cisco IOS Release 12.2(11)JA:
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C1410 Software (C1410-K9W7-M), Version 12.2(11)JA
Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
You can also find the software version on the System Software Version page in the bridge's web-browser interface.
Upgrading to a New Software Release
For instructions on installing bridge software:
1. Click this link to go to the Product/Technology Support page:
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/psa/default.html
Choose Wireless > Outdoor Wireless > Cisco Aironet 1400 Series, scroll down and click Configure Guides.
2. Click this link to browse to the Cisco IOS Software Center on Cisco.com:
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/software/navigator.html
On the Web page, log in to access the Feature Navigator or the Cisco IOS Upgrade Planner, or click Wireless Software to go to the Wireless LAN Software page.
New Features
Cisco IOS Release 12.2(11)JA
This section lists new features in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(11)JA for the bridge.
•Antenna alignment assistance
–This feature provides a wireless bridge with an auto-configuration and installation mode for out-of-box deployment of point-to-point links without requiring configuration through telnet, file transfer protocol (FTP), or Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). This mode drives LEDs and a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) port with a voltage output proportional to the received signal strength for use during the installation and alignment process. This allows a wireless bridge installation team without knowledge of Cisco IOS software or data networking to install and verify the quality of the wireless link.
•Wireless programmable clear channel assessment
–With the programmable clear channel assessment feature, wireless bridges can be configured to a particular background interference level found in a specific environment for reduced overhead contention with other wireless systems.
•Wireless root bridge
–A wireless bridge connected to the main LAN network can be configured as a wireless root bridge to provide support for point-to-point or point-to-multipoint bridging.
•Wireless non-root bridge
–A wireless bridge connected to a remote LAN network can be configured as a wireless non-root bridge to allow operation as the remote node in a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint network.
•Wireless packet concatenation
–Wireless packet concatenation is the concatenation of smaller packets into larger ones to more efficiently use the wireless medium and provide higher overall data throughputs on a wireless bridge.
•Wireless link distance adjustment
–The wireless link distance adjustment parameter enables you to tune the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) parameters for a particular range to maximize the performance of a wireless bridge.
The following features in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(11)JA are not supported by the bridge:
•Broadcast key rotation
•Hot standby
•Multiple service set identifiers (SSIDs)
•Proxy Mobile IP
•World mode
Key Bridge Features
The following are key bridge features:
•Unlicensed UNII-3 5.8-GHz radio operation
•Integrated antenna or external antenna configurations
a. Integrated antenna configuration—with 22.5-dBi patch array
b. External antenna configuration—with an antenna connector for an external antenna
•Metal enclosure supports outdoor installations
a. Integrated antenna configuration—the enclosure has been successfully tested for protection against the ingress of particulate matter and fluids in compliance with a NEMA Type 4 (IP56) enclosure rating.
b. External antenna configuration—the enclosure has been successfully tested and is in compliance with a NEMA Type 4 (IP56) enclosure rating.
•Industrial temperature rating—operating temperature of -22 to 131oF (-30 to 55oC)
•Power injector dual-coax ports supports:
–100-Mbps Ethernet over dual-coax cables
–Inline power over dual-coax cables
•Four LED indicators on bridge
–Install, Radio, Status, and Ethernet
•Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) voltage port for easy antenna alignment
•Bridge control using Cisco IOS commands, Internet browser, or SNMP
•Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint bridge operation
•Three optional external bridge antennas
–9-dBi omnidirectional external antenna with vertical polarization
–9.5-dBi sector external antenna
–28-dBi dish external antenna
Installation Notes
This section contains important information to keep in mind when installing your bridge.
Warnings
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Warning This warning symbol means danger. You are in a situation that could cause bodily injury. Before you work on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with electrical circuitry and be familiar with standard practices for preventing accidents.
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Warning Only trained and qualified personnel should be allowed to install, replace, or service this equipment.
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Warning Do not locate the antenna near overhead power lines or other electric light or power circuits, or where it can come into contact with such circuits. When installing the antenna, take extreme care not to come into contact with such circuits, as they may cause serious injury or death. For proper installation and grounding of the antenna, please refer to national and local codes (e.g. U.S.:NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 810, in Canada: Canadian Electrical Code, Section 54).
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Warning This product relies on the building's installation for short-circuit (overcurrent) protection. Ensure that the protective device is rated not greater than:
120 VAC, 15A U.S. (240 VAC, 10A International)
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Warning This equipment must be grounded. Never defeat the ground conductor or operate the equipment in the absence of a suitably installed ground conductor. Contact the appropriate electrical inspection authority or an electrician if you are uncertain that suitable grounding is available.
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Warning Read the installation instructions before you connect the system to its power source.
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Warning Do not work on the system or connect or disconnect cables during periods of lightning activity.
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Warning Do not operate your wireless network device near unshielded blasting caps or in an explosive environment unless the device has been modified to be especially qualified for such use.
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Warning In order to comply with radio frequency (RF) exposure limits, the antennas for this product should be positioned no less than 6.56 ft (2 m) from your body or nearby persons.
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Warning This unit is intended for installation in restricted access areas. A restricted access area can be accessed only through the use of a special tool, lock and key, or other means of security.
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Safety Information
Follow the guidelines in this section to ensure proper operation and safe use of the bridge.
FCC Safety Compliance Statement
The FCC, with its action in ET Docket 96-8, has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to RF electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC-certified equipment. When used with approved Cisco Aironet antennas, Cisco Aironet products meet the uncontrolled environmental limits found in OET-65 and ANSI C95.1, 1991. Proper operation of this radio device according to the instructions in this publication results in user exposure substantially below the FCC recommended limits.
Safety Precautions
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Warning Do not locate the antenna near overhead power lines or other electric light or power circuits, or where it can come into contact with such circuits. When installing the antenna, take extreme care not to come into contact with such circuits, as they may cause serious injury or death. For proper installation and grounding of the antenna, please refer to national and local codes (e.g. U.S.:NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 810, in Canada: Canadian Electrical Code, Section 54).
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Each year hundreds of people are killed or injured when attempting to install an antenna. In many of these cases, the victim was aware of the danger of electrocution, but did not take adequate steps to avoid the hazard.
For your safety, and to help you achieve a good installation, please read and follow these safety precautions. They may save your life!
1. If you are installing an antenna for the first time, for your own safety as well as others, seek professional assistance.
2. Select your installation site with safety, as well as performance in mind. Remember: electric power lines and phone lines look alike. For your safety, assume that any overhead line can kill you.
3. Call your electric power company. Tell them your plans and ask them to come look at your proposed installation. This is a small inconvenience considering your life is at stake.
4. Plan your installation carefully and completely before you begin. Successful raising of a mast or tower is largely a matter of coordination. Each person should be assigned to a specific task, and should know what to do and when to do it. One person should be in charge of the operation to issue instructions and watch for signs of trouble.
5. When installing your antenna, remember:
a. Do not use a metal ladder.
b. Do not work on a wet or windy day.
c. Do dress properly—shoes with rubber soles and heels, rubber gloves, long sleeved shirt or jacket.
6. If the assembly starts to drop, get away from it and let it fall. Remember, the antenna, mast, cable, and metal guy wires are all excellent conductors of electrical current. Even the slightest touch of any of these parts to a power line complete an electrical path through the antenna and the installer: you!
7. If any part of the antenna system should come in contact with a power line, don't touch it or try to remove it yourself. Call your local power company. They will remove it safely.
If an accident should occur with the power lines call for qualified emergency help immediately.
Bridge Installation
The bridge is available in two configurations:
•Integrated antenna bridge (with 22.5-dBi directional antenna)
•External antenna bridge (with antenna connector for use with an external antenna)
Note To meet regulatory restrictions, the external antenna bridge configuration and the external antenna must be professional installed.
Note When installing the dual-coax cable, it is acceptable to unzip or pull the two cables apart at the ends if more separation is needed between the male F connectors.
Personnel installing the bridge must understand wireless bridging techniques, antenna alignment and adjustment, and grounding methods. The integrated antenna configuration can be installed by an experienced IT professional.
Stacking Bridges
You can double the throughput, or create a standby link, by stacking two bridges. A stacked installation consists of two bridge systems installed at the same physical location. For detailed mounting instructions refer to the Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge Mounting Instructions that shipped with your bridge.
Note The bridge antennas must be separated by a minimum of 6.56 ft (2 m) from each other and from other co-located antennas.
Important Notes
This section describes important information about the bridge.
Cisco Aironet Software Requires Completion of Encryption Authorization Form
In order to access Cisco Aironet software from the Software Center on Cisco.com, you must now fill out a form to receive authorization to download encrypted software. Registered Cisco.com users are required to fill out the form only once, but public users must do so once each session, each time software is downloaded. A form is automatically created for public users. The form for Registered Cisco.com users is located at the following URL:
https://sso.cisco.com/autho/forms/CDClogin.html
Default Encryption Key 2 Is Set by Bridge
The encryption key in slot 2 is the transmit key by default. If you enable WEP with MIC, use the same WEP key as the transmit key in the same key slot on both root and non-root bridges.
Limitation to PAgP Redundancy on Switches Connected by Bridge Links
When two switches configured for Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) are connected by redundant wireless bridge links, the PAgP switchover takes at least 30 seconds, which is too slow to maintain TCP sessions from one port to another.
Power Client n CLI Command Is Not Supported
The bridge does not support the power client n command in the browser or CLI interfaces.
bridge(config-if)# power client n
(where n is a value of 12, 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, or maximum)
The bridge does not perform any action if this command is used.
Default Infrastructure SSID
When VLAN is enabled, the WEP encryption mode and the WEP key are applicable only to a native VLAN. Any SSID configured should have the Infrastructure-SSID parameter enabled for that SSID. With the Infrastructure-SSID parameter enabled, the bridge ensures that a non-native VLAN cannot be assigned to that SSID.
ARP Table Is Corrupted When Multiple BVIs Are Configured
The bridge supports only one bridge virtual interface (BVI). Multiple BVIs should not be configured because the ARP table may become corrupted.
Bridge Power Up LED Colors
During power up the bridge LEDs display the following color sequences:
1. The Install LED is initially turned off.
2. The Install LED turns amber.
3. The Status LED turns amber during the boot loader process.
4. The Ethernet, Status, and Radio LEDs turn green during the loading of the operating system.
5. The Ethernet, Status, and Radio LEDs turn amber during the loop-back test.
6. The Status LED starts to blink green then the Ethernet LED starts to blink green.
7. The Ethernet, Status, and Radio LEDs blink amber twice to indicate that the auto install process has started.
8. During the auto install process, the Ethernet, Status, and Radio LEDs turn off for a short time period then go through a blinking sequence twice. Each LED sequentially blinks at the following rates before becoming continuously amber:
a. Slow blinking rate of 1 blink/sec.
b. Medium blinking rate of 2 blinks/sec.
c. Fast blinking rate of 4 blinks/sec.
9. The Install LED starts to blink amber to indicate that the bridge is searching for a root bridge.
10. When the bridge associates to a root bridge, the Install LED turns amber.
11. When the bridge becomes a root bridge and is waiting for a non-root bridge to associate, the Install LED blinks green.
12. When the root bridge has a non-root bridge associated, the Install LED turns green.
Wireless Packet Concatenation
The wireless concatenation feature might not be supported on all products. For example, the 1310 series bridge supports concatenation but the 1200 series access point does not. To prevent connectivity problems, always ensure your wireless LAN products support wireless concatenation before attempting to implement the feature.
Caveats
This section lists open caveats in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(11)JA for the bridge.
Open Caveats
These caveats are open in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(11)JA for the bridge:
•CSCea28990—Cannot pass IP traffic when bridge # route IP is configured.
The bridge # route ip command must not be configured for the bridge groups assigned to non-native VLANS because this setting stops IP traffic across the bridge for those non-native VLANS.
•CSCea57649—The CLI Help command produces incorrect output for the radio interface.
When using the CLI Help command from the radio interface, the command output is repeated multiple times.
There is no workaround for this problem.
•CSCea75989—The non-root bridge does not reset the dot11 association counters when it reassociates to the root bridge.
There is no workaround for this problem.
•CSCea81730—The web interface for the non-root bridge incorrectly displays the root-bridge MAC address on the radio page.
There is no workaround for this problem.
•CSCeb03832—Bridge does not detect some invalid software images when using the copy command.
Workaround: Use the CLI archive download command.
•CSCeb04390—Bridge does not detect simultaneous software downloads when using the copy command in different sessions.
Workaround: Use the CLI archive download command.
•CSCeb05054—Multiple non-root bridges do not associate to the root bridge after any configuration changes to the radio interface.
The root bridge in a point-to-multipoint link does not allow non-root bridges to reassociate after configuration changes are made to the radio interface, until the root bridge has rebooted (power turned off and on).
Workaround: After changing the radio interface configuration on a point-to-multipoint link, you must reboot the root bridge (turn power off and on).
•CSCeb05835— The web interface shows incorrect STP Root information on a bridge setup with multiple VLANs.
There is no workaround for this problem.
•CSCeb08817—The root bridge cannot ping a non-root bridge after reassociation.
Workaround: Use the CLI clear arp-cache command to clear the root bridge ARP cache.
•CSCeb10911—Linktest reports higher RSSI readings for the remote site.
There is no workaround for this problem.
•CSCeb12740—The virtual ratio connection cannot come up after the station role is changed.
After you change the station role of two bridges while the link is active, the radios get associated but the virtual radio interfaces do not come up.
Workaround: After changing the station roles, you must restart both root and non-root bridges using the browser interface (System Software > System Configuration > Restart) or the CLI reload command.
•CSCeb14603—Telnet session locks up under heavy traffic.
There is no workaround for this problem.
•CSCeb15923—Radio firmware recovery does not work reliably.
There is no workaround for this problem.
•CSCeb17296—Clear dot client command does not work with traffic passed.
When traffic is being passed through the bridges at around 30 to 40 percent CPU utilization, the CLI clear dot client H.H.H command does not clear the counters on the non-root bridge even though the association did clear.
There is no workaround for this problem.
•CSCea77473—HTTP software upgrade with Netscape version 7.x intermittently fails.
When upgrading software with Netscape version 7.x, the Web interface cascades through all open Netscape windows. The upgrade intermittently fails or the browser states that the upgrade failed when in fact the upgrade actually worked.
Workaround: Use Netscape version 4.7 or another browser.
Troubleshooting
For the most up-to-date, detailed troubleshooting information, refer to the Cisco TAC website at http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html. Click Technology Support, select Wireless from the menu on the left, and click Wireless LAN.
Documentation Updates
The Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge Mounting Instructions provides detailed instructions for installing and mounting the bridge.
Stacking Bridges Section Changes
The separation distance between the two stacked bridge antennas is a minimum of 6.56 feet (2 meters).
Related Documentation
This section lists documents related to Cisco IOS Release 12.2(4)JA and to bridges.
Platform-Specific Documents
These documents describe installation and configuration of the bridge:
•Quick Start Guide: Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge
•Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge Software Configuration Guide
•Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge Hardware Installation Guide
•Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge Mounting Instructions
•Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge 9-dBi Omnidirectional Antenna
•Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge 10-dBi Sector Antenna
•Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge 28-dBi Dish Antenna
•Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge Roof Mount Assembly Instructions
Cisco IOS Software Documentation Set
Table 1 lists the contents of the Cisco IOS Release 12.2 software documentation set. These documents are available in electronic form and in printed form.
You can find the most current Cisco IOS documentation by clicking the following link to browse to the Cisco IOS Software Center on Cisco.com:
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/software/navigator.html
Follow this path to find the documentation for Cisco IOS Release 12.2:
Technical Documentation > Locate Technical Documentation on Cisco Connection Online >
Cisco IOS Software > Release 12.2
Table 1 Cisco IOS Release 12.2 Documentation Set
Books
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Major Topics
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•Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide
•Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference
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Cisco IOS User Interfaces
File Management
System Management
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•Cisco IOS Bridging and IBM Networking Configuration Guide
•Cisco IOS Bridging and IBM Networking Command Reference, Volume 1 of 2
•Cisco IOS Bridging and IBM Networking Command Reference, Volume 2 of 2
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Transparent Bridging
SRB
Token Ring Inter-Switch Link
Token Ring Route Switch Module
RSRB
DLSW+
Serial Tunnel and Block Serial Tunnel
LLC2 and SDLC
IBM Network Media Translation
SNA Frame Relay Access
NCIA Client/Server
Airline Product Set
DSPU and SNA Service Point
SNA Switching Services
Cisco Transaction Connection
Cisco Mainframe Channel Connection
CLAW and TCP/IP Offload
CSNA, CMPC, and CMPC+
TN3270 Server
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•Cisco IOS Dial Technologies Configuration Guide: Dial Access
•Cisco IOS Dial Technologies Configuration Guide: Large-Scale Dial Applications
•Cisco IOS Dial Technologies Command Reference, Volume 1 of 2
•Cisco IOS Dial Technologies Command Reference, Volume 2 of 2
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Dial Access
Modem and Dial Shelf Configuration and Management
ISDN Configuration
Signaling Configuration
Point-to-Point Protocols
Dial-on-Demand Routing
Dial Backup
Dial Related Addressing Service
Network Access Solutions
Large-Scale Dial Solutions
Cost-Control Solutions
Internetworking Dial Access Scenarios
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•Cisco IOS Interface Configuration Guide
•Cisco IOS Interface Command Reference
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LAN Interfaces
Serial Interfaces
Logical Interfaces
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•Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide
•Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 1 of 3: Addressing and Services
•Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 2 of 3: Routing Protocols
•Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 3 of 3: Multicast
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IP Addressing
IP Services
IP Routing Protocols
IP Multicast
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•Cisco IOS AppleTalk and Novell IPX Configuration Guide
•Cisco IOS AppleTalk and Novell IPX Command Reference
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AppleTalk
Novell IPX
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•Cisco IOS Apollo Domain, Banyan VINES, DECnet, ISO CLNS, and XNS Configuration Guide
•Cisco IOS Apollo Domain, Banyan VINES, DECnet, ISO CLNS, and XNS Command Reference
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Apollo Domain
Banyan VINES
DECnet
ISO CLNS
XNS
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•Cisco IOS Voice, Video, and Fax Configuration Guide
•Cisco IOS Voice, Video, and Fax Command Reference
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Voice over IP
Call Control Signaling
Voice over Frame Relay
Voice over ATM
Telephony Applications
Trunk Management
Fax, Video, and Modem Support
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•Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide
•Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Command Reference
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Packet Classification
Congestion Management
Congestion Avoidance
Policing and Shaping
Signaling
Link Efficiency Mechanisms
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•Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide
•Cisco IOS Security Command Reference
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AAA Security Services
Security Server Protocols
Traffic Filtering and Firewalls
IP Security and Encryption
Passwords and Privileges
Neighbor Router Authentication
IP Security Options
Supported AV Pairs
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•Cisco IOS Switching Services Configuration Guide
•Cisco IOS Switching Services Command Reference
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Cisco IOS Switching Paths
NetFlow Switching
Multiprotocol Label Switching
Multilayer Switching
Multicast Distributed Switching
Virtual LANs
LAN Emulation
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•Cisco IOS Wide-Area Networking Configuration Guide
•Cisco IOS Wide-Area Networking Command Reference
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ATM
Frame Relay
SMDS
X.25 and LAPB
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•Cisco IOS Mobile Wireless Configuration Guide
•Cisco IOS Mobile Wireless Command Reference
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General Packet Radio Service
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•Cisco IOS Terminal Services Configuration Guide
•Cisco IOS Terminal Services Command Reference
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ARA
LAT
NASI
Telnet
TN3270
XRemote
X.28 PAD
Protocol Translation
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•Cisco IOS Configuration Guide Master Index
•Cisco IOS Command Reference Master Index
•Cisco IOS Debug Command Reference
•Cisco IOS Software System Error Messages
•New Features in 12.2-Based Limited Lifetime Releases
•New Features in Release 12.2 T
•Release Notes (Release note and caveat documentation for 12.2-based releases and various platforms)
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Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request
For information on obtaining documentation, submitting a service request, and gathering additional information, see the monthly What's New in Cisco Product Documentation, which also lists all new and revised Cisco technical documentation:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/whatsnew/whatsnew.html
Subscribe to the What's New in Cisco Product Documentation as an RSS feed and set content to be delivered directly to your desktop using a reader application. The RSS feeds are a free service. Cisco currently supports RSS Version 2.0.
This document is to be used in conjunction with the documents listed in the Related Documentation section.
Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL: www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third-party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1110R)
Copyright © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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