了解客户端上的CWA流程

已更新: 2023 年 10 月 6 日
文档 ID:221055

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    简介

    本文档介绍连接到CWA WLAN时终端客户端所经历的流程。

    先决条件

    要求

    思科建议您具备以下方面的基础知识：

    • 思科无线局域网控制器(WLC)9800系列
    • 对中心网络身份验证(CWA)及其在身份服务引擎(ISE)上的配置的一般了解

    使用的组件

    本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本：

    • 9800-CL WLC
    • 思科AP 3802
    • 9800 WLC Cisco IOS® XE v17.3.6
    • 身份服务引擎(ISE)v3.1

    本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。

    背景信息

    CWA是一种SSID身份验证，可在WLC上配置，其中会提示尝试连接的终端客户端将其用户名和密码输入到向其提供的Web门户。简而言之，连接到WLAN时终端客户端的流程为：

    1. 终端客户端连接到其设备上显示的SSID
    2. 终端客户端被重定向到Web门户以输入其凭证
    3. 终端客户端由ISE使用输入的凭证进行身份验证
    4. ISE回复WLC表示终端客户端已通过身份验证。 ISE可以推送客户端在访问网络时必须遵守的一些其他属性（例如特定ACL）
    5. 终端客户端重新关联并重新进行身份验证，最终获得网络访问权限
    note-icon

    注意：需要注意的是，两次进行身份验证的终端客户端对终端客户端是透明的

    客户端必须经过的基本过程大致分为两部分：从客户端到ISE服务器的连接，经过身份验证后，从客户端到网络本身的另一个连接。控制器和ISE始终通过RADIUS协议相互通信。下面深入分析放射性(RA)跟踪和嵌入式数据包捕获(EPC)。

    CWA流程 — 放射性(RA)跟踪

    RA跟踪是为特定客户端捕获的一组日志。它显示了客户端在连接到WLAN时所经历的整个过程。有关它们是什么以及如何检索RA跟踪的详细信息，请访问了解Catalyst 9800无线LAN控制器上的无线调试和日志收集。

    第一个连接：客户端到ISE服务器

    如果客户端之前未经ISE授权，则WLC不允许连接到网络。

    与WLAN关联

    WLC检测到客户端要关联到WLAN“cwa”，WLAN“cwa”链接到策略配置文件“cwa-policy-profile，并且正在连接到AP“BC-3802”

    [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Association received. BSSID dc8c.37d0.83af, WLAN cwa, Slot 1 AP dc8c.37d0.83a0, BC-3802
    [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Received Dot11 association request. Processing started,SSID: cwa, Policy profile: cwa-policy-profile, AP Name: BC-3802, Ap Mac Address: dc8c.37d0.83a0 BSSID MAC0000.0000.0000 wlan ID: 1RSSI: -46, SNR: 40
    [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_INIT -> S_CO_ASSOCIATING
    [dot11-validate] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 WiFi direct: Dot11 validate P2P IE. P2P IE not present.

    MAC 过滤

    测试ISE服务器连接

    WLC收到来自客户端的关联请求后，第一步是执行MAC过滤（也称为MAB）。MAC过滤是一种安全方法，它根据数据库检查客户端的MAC地址，以验证是否允许它们加入网络。

    [dot11] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 DOT11 state transition: S_DOT11_INIT -> S_DOT11_MAB_PENDING <-- The WLC is waiting for ISE to authenticate the user. It does not send an "Association Response" until the client is accepted by ISE.
    [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_ASSOCIATING -> S_CO_MACAUTH_IN_PROGRESS
    [client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 MAB Authentication initiated. Policy VLAN 0, AAA override = 1, NAC = 1 <-- no VLAN is assigned as ISE can do that
    [sanet-shim-translate] [17558]: (ERR): 4203.9522.e682 wlan_profile Not Found : Device information attributes not populated
    [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Session Start event called from SANET-SHIM with conn_hdl 14, vlan: 0
    [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Wireless session sequence, create context with method MAB
    [auth-mgr-feat_wireless] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] - authc_list: cwa_authz <-- Authentication method list used
    [auth-mgr-feat_wireless] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] - authz_list: Not present under wlan configuration
    [client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_INIT -> S_AUTHIF_AWAIT_MAB_AUTH_START_RESP
    [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:unknown] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (952)
    [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (1263)
    [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (220)
    [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (952)
    [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Retrieved Client IIF ID 0x530002f1
    [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Allocated audit session id 0E1E140A0000000C8E2DA642
    [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Applying policy for WlanId: 1, bssid : dc8c.37d0.83af, slotid: 1 bssid hdl : 12364632849490379189
    [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Wlan vlan-id from bssid hdl 0
    [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] SM Reauth Plugin: Received valid timeout = 1800
    [mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] MAB authentication started for 4203.9522.e682
    [client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_AWAIT_MAB_AUTH_START_RESP -> S_AUTHIF_MAB_AUTH_PENDING
    [ewlc-infra-evq] [17558]: (note): Authentication Success. Resolved Policy bitmap:11 for client 4203.9522.e682 
    [client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_MAB_AUTH_PENDING -> S_AUTHIF_MAB_AUTH_PENDING
    [mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Received event 'MAB_CONTINUE' on handle 0x8A000002 <-- ISE server connectivity has been tested, the WLC is about to send the MAC address to ISE
    [caaa-author] [17558]: (info): [CAAA:AUTHOR:92000002] DEBUG: mlist=cwa_authz for type=1

    WLC向ISE发送请求

    WLC向ISE发送RADIUS Access-Request数据包，其中包含要向WLAN进行身份验证的客户端的MAC地址。

    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Send Access-Request to 
    
    
      :1812 
     id 0/28, len 415 <-- The packet is traveling via RADIUS port 1812. The "28" is the session ID and it is unique for every connection attempt
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: authenticator e7 85 1b 08 31 58 ee 91 - 17 46 82 79 7d 3b c4 30
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: User-Name            [1]     14 "42039522e682" <-- MAC address that is attempting to authenticate
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: User-Password        [2]     18 *
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]     25 "service-type=Call Check" <-- This indicates a MAC filtering process
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Framed-MTU           [12]    6  1485 
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Message-Authenticator[80]    18 ...
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: EAP-Key-Name         [102]   2  *
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]     43 "audit-session-id=0E1E140A0000000C8E2DA642"
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]     12 "method=mab" <-- Controller sends an AVpair with MAB method
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]     26 "client-iif-id=1392509681"
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]     14 "vlan-id=1000"
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: NAS-IP-Address       [4]     6  
    
    
      <-- WLC WMI IP address 
    
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: NAS-Port-Id          [87]    17 "capwap_90000005"
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: NAS-Port-Type        [61]    6  802.11 wireless [19]
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]     30 "cisco-wlan-ssid=cwa" <-- SSID and WLAN the client is attempting to connect
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]     32 "wlan-profile-name=cwa"
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Called-Station-Id    [30]    32 "dc-8c-37-d0-83-a0:cwa"
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Calling-Station-Id   [31]    19 "42-03-95-22-e6-82"
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Airespace-WLAN-ID    [1]     6  1 
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Nas-Identifier       [32]    9  "BC-9800"
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Started 5 sec timeout
    note-icon

    注意：AV对是ISE使用的“属性值”。它是可发送到WLC的预定义信息的密钥值结构。这些值应用于该特定会话的特定客户端。

    AV对示例：

    • ACL 名称
    • Redirect URL
    • VLAN分配
    • 会话超时计时器
    • 重新验证计时器

    ISE响应WLC请求

    如果WLC发送的MAC地址被ISE接受，则ISE发送Access-Accept RADIUS数据包。根据ISE配置，如果它是未知MAC地址，ISE必须接受它并继续流程。如果看到Access-Reject，则在ISE上存在一些配置不正确并且需要验证的内容。

    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Received from id 1812/28 
    
    :0, Access-Accept, len 334 <-- The packet is traveling via RADIUS port 1812 and is has a session ID of 28 (as a response to the above packet)
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: authenticator 14 0a 6c f7 01 b2 77 6a - 3d ba f0 ed 92 54 9b d6
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: User-Name            [1]    19  "42-03-95-22-E6-82" <-- MAC address of the client that was authorized by ISE
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Class                [25]   51  ...
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Message-Authenticator[80]   18  ...
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]    31  "url-redirect-acl=cwa-acl" <-- ACL to be applied to the client
    [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]    183 "url-redirect=https://
    
    
      :8443/portal/[...] 
    " <-- Redirection URL for the client
    [radius] [17558]: (info): Valid Response Packet, Free the identifier
    [eap-auth] [17558]: (info): SUCCESS for EAP method name: Identity on handle 0xB0000039
    [mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] MAB received an Access-Accept for 0x8A000002
    [mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Received event 'MAB_RESULT' on handle 0x8A000002
    [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Authc success from MAB, Auth event success

    从ISE接收信息的WLC进程

    WLC处理从ISE接收的所有信息。通过它，它将应用最初创建的用户配置文件和ISE发送的数据的用户配置文件。例如，WLC为用户分配一个新的ACL。如果WLAN上未启用AAA Override，则不会发生WLC进行的此处理。

     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << username 0 "42-03-95-22-E6-82">> <-- Processing username received from ISE
     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << class 0 43 41 43 53 3a 30 45 31 45 31 34 30 41 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 43 38 45 32 44 41 36 34 32 3a 62 63 2d 69 73 65 2f 34 33 36 37 33 31 34 32 37 2f 33 38 >>
     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    <<Message-Authenticator 0 <hidden>>>
     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << url-redirect-acl 0 "cwa-acl">> <-- Processing ACL redirection received from ISE
     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << url-redirect 0 "https://
    
    
      :8443/portal/[...]" 
    >> <-- Processing URL redirection received from ISE
     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << dnis 0 "DC-8C-37-D0-83-A0">>
     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << formatted-clid 0 "42-03-95-22-E6-82">>
     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << audit-session-id 0 "0E1E140A0000000C8E2DA642">>
     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << method 0 2 [mab]>>
     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << clid-mac-addr 0 42 03 95 22 e6 82 >>
     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << intf-id 0 2415919109 (0x90000005)>>
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (450)
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Received User-Name 42-03-95-22-E6-82 for client 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] User profile is to be applied. Authz mlist is not present, Authc mlist cwa_authz ,session push flag is unset
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [webauth-dev] [17558]: (info): Central Webauth URL Redirect, Received a request to create a CWA session for a mac [42:03:95:22:e6:82]
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr-feat_wireless] [17558]: (info): [0000.0000.0000:unknown] Retrieved zone id 0x0 for bssid 12364632849490379189
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [webauth-dev] [17558]: (info): No parameter map is associated with mac 4203.9522.e682
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [epm-redirect] [17558]: (info): [0000.0000.0000:unknown] URL-Redirect-ACL = cwa-acl
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [epm-redirect] [17558]: (info): [0000.0000.0000:unknown] URL-Redirect = https://
    
    
      :8443/portal/[...] 
    
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] User Profile applied successfully for 0x92000002 - REPLACE <-- WLC replaces the user profile it had originally created

    MAB身份验证完成

    成功修改客户端的用户配置文件后，WLC完成对客户端MAC地址的身份验证。如果WLC上不存在从ISE接收的ACL，则WLC不知道如何处理该信息，因此REPLACE操作完全失败，导致MAB身份验证也失败。客户端无法进行身份验证。

    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 0000.0000.0000 Sending pmk_update of XID (0) to (MobilityD[0])
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 MAB Authentication success.
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_MAB_AUTH_PENDING -> S_AUTHIF_MAB_AUTH_DONE
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Processing MAB authentication result status: 0, CO_AUTH_STATUS_SUCCESS

    WLC向客户端发送关联响应

    现在，客户端已通过ISE进行身份验证，并且应用了正确的ACL，WLC最终会向客户端发送关联响应。现在，用户可以继续连接到网络。

    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_MACAUTH_IN_PROGRESS -> S_CO_ASSOCIATING
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 dot11 send association response. Sending association response with resp_status_code: 0 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dot11 Capability info byte1 1, byte2: 11
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11-frame] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 WiFi direct: skip build Assoc Resp with P2P IE: Wifi direct policy disabled
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 dot11 send association response. Sending assoc response of length: 137 with resp_status_code: 0, DOT11_STATUS: DOT11_STATUS_SUCCESS
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Association success. AID 1, Roaming = False, WGB = False, 11r = False, 11w = False 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 DOT11 state transition: S_DOT11_MAB_PENDING -> S_DOT11_ASSOCIATED
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Station Dot11 association is successful.

    L2身份验证

    根据客户端在与WLAN关联时必须经历的过程，L2身份验证“开始”。但是，实际上，由于以前执行MAB身份验证，L2身份验证已经执行。客户端立即完成L2身份验证。

    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Starting L2 authentication. Bssid in state machine:dc8c.37d0.83af Bssid in request is:dc8c.37d0.83af 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_ASSOCIATING -> S_CO_L2_AUTH_IN_PROGRESS
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 L2 WEBAUTH Authentication Successful
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_MAB_AUTH_DONE -> S_AUTHIF_L2_WEBAUTH_DONE
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 L2 Authentication of station is successful., L3 Authentication : 1

     数据冗余

    WLC将资源分配给连接的客户端，以便流量能够流经网络。

    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Mobility discovery triggered. Client mode: Local
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_L2_AUTH_IN_PROGRESS -> S_CO_MOBILITY_DISCOVERY_IN_PROGRESS
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-transition] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 MMIF FSM transition: S_MA_INIT -> S_MA_MOBILITY_DISCOVERY_PROCESSED_TR on E_MA_MOBILITY_DISCOVERY
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Invalid transmitter ip in build client context
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Sending mobile_announce of XID (0) to (MobilityD[0])
    {mobilityd_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [18482]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Received mobile_announce, sub type: 0 of XID (0) from (WNCD[0])
    {mobilityd_R0-0}{1}: [mm-transition] [18482]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 MMFSM transition: S_MC_INIT -> S_MC_ANNOUNCE_PROCESSED_NEW_CLIENT_TR on E_MC_ANNOUNCE_RCVD from WNCD[0]
    {mobilityd_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [18482]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Add MCC by tdl mac: client_ifid 0xa0000001 is assigned to client
    {mobilityd_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [18482]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Sending capwap_msg_unknown (100) of XID (5) to (WNCD[0])
    {mobilityd_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [18482]: (debug): MAC: 0000.0000.0000 Sending mobile_announce_nak of XID (5) to (WNCD[0])
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Received mobile_announce_nak, sub type: 1 of XID (5) from (MobilityD[0])
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-transition] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 MMIF FSM transition: S_MA_INIT_WAIT_ANNOUNCE_RSP -> S_MA_NAK_PROCESSED_TR on E_MA_NAK_RCVD
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Roam type changed - None -> None
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Mobility role changed - Unassoc -> Local
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Mobility Successful. Roam Type None, Sub Roam Type MM_SUB_ROAM_TYPE_NONE, Client IFID: 0xa0000001, Client Role: Local PoA: 0x90000005 PoP: 0x0
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Processing mobility response from MMIF. Client ifid: 0xa0000001, roam type: None, client role: Local
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client QoS add mobile cb
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 No QoS PM Name or QoS Level received from SANet for pm_dir:0. Check client is fastlane, otherwise set pm name to none
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 No QoS PM Name or QoS Level received from SANet for pm_dir:1. Check client is fastlane, otherwise set pm name to none
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ADD MOBILE sent. Client state flags: 0x72 BSSID: MAC: dc8c.37d0.83af capwap IFID: 0x90000005
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_MOBILITY_DISCOVERY_IN_PROGRESS -> S_CO_DPATH_PLUMB_IN_PROGRESS
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client datapath entry params - ssid:training_cwa,slot_id:1 bssid ifid: 0x0, radio_ifid: 0x90000003, wlan_ifid: 0xf0400001
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client QoS dpath create params
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 No QoS PM Name or QoS Level received from SANet for pm_dir:0. Check client is fastlane, otherwise set pm name to none
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 No QoS PM Name or QoS Level received from SANet for pm_dir:1. Check client is fastlane, otherwise set pm name to none
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [avc-afc] [17558]: (debug): AVC enabled for client 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dpath_svc] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client datapath entry created for ifid 0xa0000001

    为用户分配了IP地址

    最终用户需要IP地址才能在网络中导航。它会经过DHCP过程。如果用户之前已连接，并且记住其IP地址，则会跳过DHCP过程。如果用户无法接收IP地址，则最终用户无法查看Web门户。否则，它将执行后续步骤：

    1. DISCOVER数据包从连接的客户端以广播形式发送，以查找任何可用的DHCP服务器
    2. 如果有可用的DHCP服务器，则DHCP服务器会使用OFFER进行响应。该产品包含要分配给连接客户端的IP地址、租用时间等信息。从各种DHCP服务器可以收到许多OFFER
    3. 客户端接受来自其中一台服务器的OFFER，并响应其对所选IP地址的请求
    4. 最后，DHCP服务器向客户端发送一个已分配了新IP地址的确认数据包

    WLC记录客户端收到其IP地址的方法。 

    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_DPATH_PLUMB_IN_PROGRESS -> S_CO_IP_LEARN_IN_PROGRESS
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-iplearn] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 IP-learn state transition: S_IPLEARN_INIT -> S_IPLEARN_IN_PROGRESS
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_L2_WEBAUTH_DONE -> S_AUTHIF_L2_WEBAUTH_DONE
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr-feat_dsensor] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Skipping DHCP TLVs for further processing. DHCP based classification isn't enabled
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): RX: DHCPv4 from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dst MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff src_ip: 0.0.0.0, dst_ip: 255.255.255.255, BOOTPREQUEST, SISF_DHCPDISCOVER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): TX: DHCPv4 from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dst MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff src_ip: 0.0.0.0, dst_ip: 255.255.255.255, BOOTPREQUEST, SISF_DHCPDISCOVER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr-feat_dsensor] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Skipping DHCP TLVs for further processing. DHCP based classification isn't enabled
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): RX: DHCPv4 from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dst MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff src_ip: 0.0.0.0, dst_ip: 255.255.255.255, BOOTPREQUEST, SISF_DHCPDISCOVER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): TX: DHCPv4 from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dst MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff src_ip: 0.0.0.0, dst_ip: 255.255.255.255, BOOTPREQUEST, SISF_DHCPDISCOVER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): RX: DHCPv4 from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dst MAC: 4203.9522.e682 src_ip: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, dst_ip: <end-user-ip-addr>, BOOTPREPLY, SISF_DHCPOFFER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: <end-user-ip-addr>, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): TX: DHCPv4 from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dst MAC: 4203.9522.e682 src_ip: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, dst_ip: <end-user-ip-addr>, BOOTPREPLY, SISF_DHCPOFFER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: <end-user-ip-addr>, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): RX: DHCPv4 from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dst MAC: 4203.9522.e682 src_ip: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, dst_ip: <end-user-ip-addr>, BOOTPREPLY, SISF_DHCPOFFER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: <end-user-ip-addr>, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): TX: DHCPv4 from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dst MAC: 4203.9522.e682 src_ip: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, dst_ip: <end-user-ip-addr>, BOOTPREPLY, SISF_DHCPOFFER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: <end-user-ip-addr>, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr-feat_dsensor] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Skipping DHCP TLVs for further processing. DHCP based classification isn't enabled
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): RX: DHCPv4 from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dst MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff src_ip: 0.0.0.0, dst_ip: 255.255.255.255, BOOTPREQUEST, SISF_DHCPREQUEST, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): TX: DHCPv4 from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dst MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff src_ip: 0.0.0.0, dst_ip: 255.255.255.255, BOOTPREQUEST, SISF_DHCPREQUEST, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): RX: DHCPv4 from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dst MAC: 4203.9522.e682 src_ip: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, dst_ip: <end-user-ip-addr>, BOOTPREPLY, SISF_DHCPACK, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: <end-user-ip-addr>, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): TX: DHCPv4 from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dst MAC: 4203.9522.e682 src_ip: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, dst_ip: <end-user-ip-addr>, BOOTPREPLY, SISF_DHCPACK, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: <end-user-ip-addr>, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-iplearn] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client IP learn successful. Method: DHCP IP: <end-user-ip-addr>
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [epm] [17558]: (info): [0000.0000.0000:unknown] HDL = 0x0 vlan 1000 fail count 0 dirty_counter 0 is_dirty 0
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (8)
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-iplearn] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 IP-learn state transition: S_IPLEARN_IN_PROGRESS -> S_IPLEARN_COMPLETE
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Received ip learn response. method: IPLEARN_METHOD_DHCP

    L3身份验证启动

    现在最终用户已收到IP地址，L3身份验证从检测到作为所需身份验证方法的CWA开始。

    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Triggered L3 authentication. status = 0x0, Success
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_IP_LEARN_IN_PROGRESS -> S_CO_L3_AUTH_IN_PROGRESS
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 L3 Authentication initiated. CWA

    正常IP地址测试

    为了继续连接，客户端必须执行两个ARP请求：

    1.验证其他人没有其IP地址。如果存在针对最终用户IP地址的ARP应答，则它是重复的IP地址

    2.验证网关的可达性。这是为了确保客户端可以离开网络。ARP应答必须来自网关

    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_L2_WEBAUTH_DONE -> S_AUTHIF_WEBAUTH_PENDING
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: 0.0.0.0, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: 0.0.0.0, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: 0.0.0.0, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: 0.0.0.0, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: 0.0.0.0, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: 0.0.0.0, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: 10.20.30.17, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: 10.20.30.17, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 000c.290e.1c37 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 000c.290e.1c37 ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: 10.20.30.17, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 000c.290e.1c37 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 000c.290e.1c37 ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: 10.20.30.17, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>,

    第二个连接：客户端到网络

    此时，最终用户已经通过其MAC地址通过ISE进行身份验证，但尚未获得完全授权。WLC必须再次引用ISE以授权客户端连接到网络。此时，门户会呈现给用户，用户必须在其中输入其用户名和密码。在WLC上，最终用户在“Web Auth Pending”状态中可见。

    授权更改(CoA)

    WLC配置中的“CoA支持”在此处生效。在此之前，一直使用ACL。在最终客户端看到门户后，不再使用ACL，因为所有操作都是将客户端重定向到门户。此时，客户端输入其登录凭证，以启动CoA进程并重新验证客户端。WLC准备要发送的数据包并将其转发到ISE

    tip-icon

    提示:CoA使用端口1700。确保它未被防火墙阻止。

    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [caaa-ch] [17558]: (info): [CAAA:COMMAND HANDLER:92000002] Processing CoA request under CH-ctx. <-- ISE requests the client to reauthenticate
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [caaa-ch] [17558]: (info): [CAAA:COMMAND HANDLER:92000002] Reauthenticate request (0x55de3f898b88)
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] MAB re-authentication started for 2315255810 (4203.9522.e682) <-- ISE requests the WLC to reauthenciate the CoA
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-coa] [17558]: (info): radius coa proxy relay coa resp(wncd)
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-coa] [17558]: (info): CoA Response Details
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): << ssg-command-code 0 32 >>
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): << formatted-clid 0 "4203.9522.e682">>
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): << error-cause 0 1 [Success]>> <-- The WLC responds with a sucess after processing the packet to be sent to ISE
    [aaa-coa] [17558]: (info): server:10.20.30.14 cfg_saddr:10.20.30.14 udpport:64016 sport:0, tableid:0iden:30 rad_code:43 msg_auth_rcvd:TRUE coa_resp:ACK
    [caaa-ch] [17558]: (info): [CAAA:COMMAND HANDLER] CoA response sent <-- The WLC sends the CoA response to ISE

    ISE的第二次身份验证

    第二个身份验证不是从零开始。这是CoA的力量。新规则和/或AV paris可应用于用户。在第一个Access-Accept上收到的ACL和重定向URL不再被推送到最终用户。

    WLC向ISE发送请求

    WLC使用输入的用户名/密码组合向ISE发送新的RADIUSAccess-Requestpacket。这会触发新的MAB身份验证，并且由于ISE已经知道客户端，将应用新的策略集（例如，授予访问权限）。

    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Received event 'MAB_REAUTHENTICATE' on handle 0x8A000002
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [caaa-author] [17558]: (info): [CAAA:AUTHOR:92000002] DEBUG: mlist=cwa_authz for type=1
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Send Access-Request to 
    
    
      :1812 
     id 0/29, len 421 <-- The packet is traveling via RADIUS port 1812. The "29" is the session ID and it is unique for every connection attempt
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: authenticator c6 ae ab d5 55 c9 65 e2 - 4d 28 01 75 65 54 df 4d
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: User-Name            [1]     14 "42039522e682" <-- MAC address that is attempting to authenticate
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: User-Password        [2]     18 *
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]     25 "service-type=Call Check" <-- This indicates a MAC filtering process
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Framed-MTU           [12]    6  1485 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Message-Authenticator[80]    18 ...
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: EAP-Key-Name         [102]   2  *
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]    43  "audit-session-id=0E1E140A0000000C8E2DA642"
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]    12  "method=mab" <-- Controller sends an AVpair with MAB method
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]    26  "client-iif-id=1392509681"
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]    14  "vlan-id=200"
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: NAS-IP-Address       [4]    6   
    
    
      <-- WLC WMI IP address 
    
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: NAS-Port-Id          [87]   17  "capwap_90000005"
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: NAS-Port-Type        [61]   6   802.11 wireless [19]
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]    30  "cisco-wlan-ssid=cwa" <-- SSID and WLAN the client is attempting to connect
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair         [1]    32  "wlan-profile-name=cwa"
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Called-Station-Id    [30]   32  "dc-8c-37-d0-83-a0:cwa"
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Calling-Station-Id   [31]   19  "42-03-95-22-e6-82"
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Airespace-WLAN-ID    [1]    6   1 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Nas-Identifier       [32]   9   "BC-9800"
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Started 5 sec timeout

    ISE响应WLC请求

    ISE会查找其策略，如果收到的用户名与策略配置文件匹配，则ISE会再次响应WLC，接受与WLAN的客户端连接。返回最终用户的用户名。如果在ISE上配置，则其他规则和/或AV对可应用于用户，并且可以在Access-Accept上看到它们。

    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Received from id 1812/29 
    
    :0, Access-Accept, len 131 <-- The packet is traveling via RADIUS port 1812 and is has a session ID of 29 (as a response to the above packet)
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: authenticator a3 b0 45 d6 e5 1e 38 4a - be 15 fa 6b f4 67 62 8a
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: User-Name            [1]  14 "cwa-username" <-- Username entered by the end client on the portal that was shown 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Class                [25] 51 ...
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Message-Authenticator[80] 18 ...
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 22 "profile-name=Unknown"
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): Valid Response Packet, Free the identifier
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [eap-auth] [17558]: (info): SUCCESS for EAP method name: Identity on handle 0xEE00003B
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] MAB received an Access-Accept for 0x8A000002
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Received event 'MAB_RESULT' on handle 0x8A000002
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Authc success from MAB, Auth event success

    从ISE接收信息的WLC进程

    WLC再次处理ISE接收的信息。它使用从ISE接收的新值对用户执行另一REPLACE操作。

    [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << username 0 "cwa-username">> <-- Processing username received from ISE
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << class 0 43 41 43 53 3a 30 45 31 45 31 34 30 41 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 43 38 45 32 44 41 36 34 32 3a 62 63 2d 69 73 65 2f 34 33 36 37 33 31 34 32 37 2f 34 30 >>
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    <<Message-Authenticator 0 <hidden>>>
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << dnis 0 "DC-8C-37-D0-83-A0">>
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << formatted-clid 0 "42-03-95-22-E6-82">>
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << audit-session-id 0 "0E1E140A0000000C8E2DA642">>
     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << method 0 2 [mab]>>
     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << clid-mac-addr 0 42 03 95 22 e6 82 >>
     {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): 
    << intf-id 0 2415919109 (0x90000005)>>
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (450)
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (450)
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Received User-Name cwa-username for client 4203.9522.e682
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] User profile is to be applied. Authz mlist is not present, Authc mlist cwa_authz ,session push flag is unset
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] User Profile applied successfully for 0x92000002 - REPLACE <-- WLC replaces the user profile it had originally created

    L3身份验证完成

    最终用户现在已使用给定数据进行了身份验证。L3身份验证（Web身份验证）已完成。

    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 L3 Authentication Successful. ACL:[]
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_WEBAUTH_PENDING -> S_AUTHIF_WEBAUTH_DONE
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client QoS add mobile cb
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 No QoS PM Name or QoS Level received from SANet for pm_dir:0. Check client is fastlane, otherwise set pm name to none
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 No QoS PM Name or QoS Level received from SANet for pm_dir:1. Check client is fastlane, otherwise set pm name to none
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ADD MOBILE sent. Client state flags: 0x78 BSSID: MAC: dc8c.37d0.83af capwap IFID: 0x90000005
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [errmsg] [17558]: (info): %CLIENT_ORCH_LOG-6-CLIENT_ADDED_TO_RUN_STATE: Username entry (cwa-username) joined with ssid (cwa) for device with MAC: 4203.9522.e682 <-- End user "cwa-username" has joined the WLAN "cwa"
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): [ Applied attribute :               username 0 "cwa-username" ]
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): [ Applied attribute :                  class 0 43 41 43 53 3a 30 45 31 45 31 34 30 41 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 43 38 45 32 44 41 36 34 32 3a 62 63 2d 69 73 65 2f 34 33 36 37 33 31 34 32 37 2f 34 30 ]
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): [ Applied attribute :bsn-vlan-interface-name 0 "MGMT" ]
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): [ Applied attribute : timeout 0 1800 (0x708) ]
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client QoS run state handler

    最终用户在WLC上达到运行状态

    最后，对用户进行身份验证并将其与WLAN相关联。

    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [rog-proxy-capwap] [17558]: (debug): Managed client RUN state notification: 4203.9522.e682 
    {wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_L3_AUTH_IN_PROGRESS -> S_CO_RUN

    CWA流程 — 嵌入式数据包捕获(EPC)

    EPC是数据包捕获，可以直接从WLC中检索，显示所有通过WLC或来自该WLC的数据包。有关它们是什么以及如何检索它们的详细信息，请访问了解Catalyst 9800无线LAN控制器上的无线调试和日志收集。

    第一个连接：客户端到ISE服务器

    warning-icon

    警告：数据包捕获图像上的IP地址已被删除。它们显示为

    与WLAN的关联和发送到ISE服务器的请求

      First Packets第一个数据包

    从WLC到客户端的关联请求

    查看第一个数据包“关联请求”，您可以看到此过程中涉及的设备的MAC地址。

    Association Request关联请求

    从WLC发送到ISE的访问请求数据包

    WLC处理完关联请求后，WLC会向ISE服务器发送访问请求数据包。

    Analysis of Access-Request Packet访问请求数据包分析

    1. 数据包的名称。
    2. 尝试进行身份验证的MAC地址。
    3. 这表示MAC过滤。
    4. 控制器向ISE发送的AV对，用于指示MAC过滤进程。
    5. WLC的WMI IP地址。
    6. 客户端尝试连接的SSID。
    7. 客户端尝试连接的WLAN的名称。

    从WLC发送到ISE的访问接受数据包

    ISE处理访问接受数据包后，如果成功，将以Access-Accept进行响应；如果失败，将以Access-Reject进行响应。

    Analysis of Access-Accept PacketAccess-Accept数据包分析

    1. 数据包的名称。
    2. MAC地址已通过身份验证。
    3. 要应用的ACL。
    4. 将用户重定向到的URL。

    从WLC到客户端的关联响应

    Association Response关联响应

    DHCP进程

    DHCP ProcessDHCP进程

    note-icon

    注意：从现在起，数据包将被视为重复，但这只是因为其中一个数据包是CAPWAP封装的，而另一个数据包不是

    ARP

    Client ARPing for its own IP Address and for the Gateway客户端ARP对自己的IP地址和网关执行ARP操作

    连通性测试

    ARP过程完成后，尝试连接的设备会执行检查以验证是否触发了门户，这也称为探测。如果设备显示没有Internet连接，则表示ARP进程失败（例如，网关从未应答）或设备无法进行探测。

    此探测功能在RA跟踪上看不到，只有EPC能够提供此信息。探测查询取决于尝试连接的设备，在本示例中，测试设备是Apple设备，因此探测直接指向Apple的强制网络门户。

    当使用URL进行探测时，需要DNS来解决此URL。因此，如果DNS服务器无法响应客户端的查询，则客户端会继续查询URL，并且门户从未被看到。此时，如果在终端设备Web浏览器上输入ISE服务器的IP地址，门户必须可见。如果是，则DNS服务器出现问题。

    Connectivity Test from Client - DNS Query and Answer来自客户端的连接测试 — DNS查询和应答

    DNS解析的IP地址

    检查DNS查询响应时，您可以看到DNS服务器解析的IP地址。

    IP Address Resolved by DNS ServerDNS服务器解析的IP地址

    建立三次握手

    既然解析了DNS IP地址，那么在门户和客户端之间会建立TCP三次握手。使用的IP地址是解析的任一个IP地址。

    3-Way Handshake Establishment三次握手建立

    GET热点

    建立TCP会话后，客户端将执行探测并尝试访问门户。 

    GET HotspotGET热点

    OK数据包

    OK数据包包含客户端必须重定向到的ISE门户。  

    OK PacketOK数据包

    note-icon

    注意：大多数人都在OK数据包中返回了另一个URL。因此，需要执行另一个DNS查询以获取最终IP地址。

    已建立新的TCP会话

    现在已发现门户的IP地址，因此会交换许多数据包，但最终在OK数据包中返回了目标IP的数据包（或由DNS解析），该数据包对应于ISE的IP地址，显示正在建立到门户的新TCP会话。

    Second Connection and New TCP Session to ISE Portal与ISE门户的第二个连接和新TCP会话

    向用户显示门户

    此时，ISE门户最终显示在客户端浏览器的浏览器上。与之前一样，ISE和设备之间交换了许多数据包；例如客户端hello和服务器hello等等。在这里，ISE要求客户端提供用户名和密码、接受条款和条件或ISE服务器上配置的任何内容。 

    CoA请求/CoA确认

    用户输入所有请求的数据后，ISE会向控制器发送CoA请求以更改用户的授权。如果WLC上的所有内容都按预期配置，例如具有NAC状态、支持CoA等，则WLC将发送CoA确认(CoA ACK)。否则，WLC可以发送CoA Non-Acknowledgement(CoA NACK)，或者只是不发送CoA ACK。

    CoA Request and AcknowledgementCoA请求和确认

    第二个连接：客户端到网络

    新访问请求

    WLC向ISE发送新的访问请求数据包。

    Analysis of New Access-Request Packet新访问请求数据包分析

    1. 数据包的名称。
    2. 尝试进行身份验证的MAC地址。
    3. 这表示MAC过滤。
    4. 控制器向ISE发送的AV对，用于指示MAC过滤进程。
    5. WLC的WMI IP地址。
    6. 客户端尝试连接的SSID。
    7. 客户端尝试连接的WLAN的名称。

    新访问 — 接受

    WLC向ISE发送新的访问请求数据包。

    Analysis of New Access-Accept Packet新接入接受数据包分析

    1. 数据包的名称。
    2. 终端客户端在显示的门户上输入的用户名。

    同样，从客户端进行新的探测连接测试。一旦客户端确认它具有Internet连接，即可关闭门户（根据使用的设备可自动关闭）。客户端现在已连接到网络。

    修订历史记录

    版本 发布日期 备注
    1.0
    06-Oct-2023
    初始版本
    TAC Authored

    由思科工程师提供

    • Daniela Vignau Leon
      思科技术咨询工程师

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