了解安全防火墙SD-WAN部署中的路由控制并对其进行故障排除

下载选项

PDF (804.5 KB)
在各种设备上使用 Adobe Reader 查看

已更新: 2025 年 10 月 1 日

文档 ID:225111

非歧视性语言

此产品的文档集力求使用非歧视性语言。在本文档集中，非歧视性语言是指不隐含针对年龄、残障、性别、种族身份、族群身份、性取向、社会经济地位和交叉性的歧视的语言。由于产品软件的用户界面中使用的硬编码语言、基于 RFP 文档使用的语言或引用的第三方产品使用的语言，文档中可能无法确保完全使用非歧视性语言。深入了解思科如何使用包容性语言。

关于此翻译

思科采用人工翻译与机器翻译相结合的方式将此文档翻译成不同语言，希望全球的用户都能通过各自的语言得到支持性的内容。请注意：即使是最好的机器翻译，其准确度也不及专业翻译人员的水平。 Cisco Systems, Inc. 对于翻译的准确性不承担任何责任，并建议您总是参考英文原始文档（已提供链接）。

简介

本文档介绍在安全防火墙上使用思科SD-WAN的基于路由的VPN在BGP中的路由控制。

先决条件

要求

Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：

IKEv2
基于路由的VPN
虚拟隧道接口(VTI)
IPsec
调试输出中显示“BGP
BGP属性，如社区标签和路由反射器
安全防火墙上的SD-WAN功能

使用的组件

本文档中的信息基于：

思科安全防火墙威胁防御7.7.10
思科安全防火墙管理中心7.7.10

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。

功能信息

随着针对站点到站点、基于路由的VPN的新SD-WAN部署为重叠启用BGP，思科专注于关键BGP属性，以实施无环和安全重叠路由，从而确保底层网络和重叠网络在整个拓扑中保持分离。此部署还确保无需手动干预即可调整相关属性。

部署方案

选择在中心点和分支点之间同时包含iBGP和eBGP连接的拓扑。此方法可最大程度地查看作为SD-WAN解决方案一部分在思科安全防火墙上实施的路由控制。

双ISP的双中心辐射型

底层拓扑

Underlay Topology

重叠拓扑

Overlay Topology

配置

由于本文档的主要目的是清楚地了解在安全防火墙上部署SD-WAN时实施的路由控制，因此不再重复介绍部署拓扑所需的基础配置步骤。有关初始设置的详细指导，请参阅我们之前发布的文档为通过安全防火墙的站点到站点VPN配置SD-WAN。

CLI部分中的所有配置均通过SD-WAN配置向导进行应用。不会单独对BGP配置或任何路由映射配置进行更改或修改。

Configuration

验证与故障排除

社区列表负责过滤传入和传出前缀。有关详细说明，请参阅Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center Device Configuration Guide中cisco文档的社区列表部分。

所有设备的通用配置

firepower# show running-config community-list 
community-list standard FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_101010 permit 101010 <<<<<<<<<<
community-list standard FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_202020 permit 202020 <<<<<<<<<<

请注意，每个拓扑有一对入站和出站路由映射，尽管两个拓扑的配置相同，但每个拓扑的命名约定是唯一的。在我们的方案中，FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_858939614和FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_858939614用于拓扑1，而FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_85894200和FMC_VPN Rmap_COMMUNITY_OUT_858942200用于拓扑2。

firepower# show running-config route-map

Topology 1
Inbound
route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589939614 permit 10
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_101010 exact-match

set community 202020 

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589939614 permit 20
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_202020 exact-match

Outbound
route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 permit 10
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_101010 exact-match
set metric 1

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 permit 20
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_202020 exact-match
set metric 100

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 deny 100

Topology 2
Inbound
route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589942200 permit 10
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_101010 exact-match

set community 202020 

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589942200 permit 20
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_202020 exact-match

Outbound
route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 permit 10
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_101010 exact-match
set metric 1

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 permit 20
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_202020 exact-match
set metric 100

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 deny 100

Common Across All The Hubs & Spokes Wherever Redistribution Of Inside Network Is Present

route-map FMC_VPN_CONNECTED_DIST_RMAP_101010 permit 10
match interface inside
set community 101010

拓扑中设备间的BGP配置如下所示：

Spoke1和2（使用HUB1的IBGP和使用HUB2的EBGP）

firepower# show running-config router bgp 
router bgp 65500
bgp log-neighbor-changes
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 198.51.100.1 remote-as 65500 <<<<< tunnel from spokes to HUB 1 via ISP1
neighbor 198.51.100.1 activate
neighbor 198.51.100.1 send-community
neighbor 198.51.100.1 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589939614 in
neighbor 198.51.100.1 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 out
neighbor 198.51.100.2 remote-as 65510 <<<<< tunnel from spokes to HUB 2 via ISP1
neighbor 198.51.100.2 ebgp-multihop 2
neighbor 198.51.100.2 activate
neighbor 198.51.100.2 send-community
neighbor 198.51.100.2 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589939614 in
neighbor 198.51.100.2 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 out
neighbor 198.51.100.3 remote-as 65500 <<<<< tunnel from spokes to HUB 1 via ISP2
neighbor 198.51.100.3 activate
neighbor 198.51.100.3 send-community
neighbor 198.51.100.3 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589942200 in
neighbor 198.51.100.3 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 out
neighbor 198.51.100.4 remote-as 65510 <<<<< tunnel from spokes to HUB 2 via ISP2
neighbor 198.51.100.4 ebgp-multihop 2
neighbor 198.51.100.4 activate
neighbor 198.51.100.4 send-community
neighbor 198.51.100.4 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589942200 in
neighbor 198.51.100.4 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 out
redistribute connected route-map FMC_VPN_CONNECTED_DIST_RMAP_101010 <<<<<<< route-map to redistribute inside network into BGP
maximum-paths 8
maximum-paths ibgp 8
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family

HUB1（与辐射点的IBGP对等）

firepower# show running-config router bgp 
router bgp 65500
bgp log-neighbor-changes
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 198.51.100.10 remote-as 65500 <<<<< tunnel from HUB 1 to Spoke 1 via ISP 1
neighbor 198.51.100.10 activate
neighbor 198.51.100.10 send-community
neighbor 198.51.100.10 route-reflector-client
neighbor 198.51.100.10 next-hop-self
neighbor 198.51.100.10 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589939614 in
neighbor 198.51.100.10 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 out
neighbor 198.51.100.11 remote-as 65500 <<<<< tunnel from HUB 1 to Spoke 2 via ISP 1
neighbor 198.51.100.11 activate
neighbor 198.51.100.11 send-community
neighbor 198.51.100.11 route-reflector-client
neighbor 198.51.100.11 next-hop-self
neighbor 198.51.100.11 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589939614 in
neighbor 198.51.100.11 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 out
neighbor 198.51.100.70 remote-as 65500 <<<<< tunnel from HUB 1 to Spoke 1 via ISP 2
neighbor 198.51.100.70 activate
neighbor 198.51.100.70 send-community
neighbor 198.51.100.70 route-reflector-client
neighbor 198.51.100.70 next-hop-self
neighbor 198.51.100.70 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589942200 in
neighbor 198.51.100.70 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 out
neighbor 198.51.100.71 remote-as 65500 <<<<< tunnel from HUB 1 to Spoke 2 via ISP 2
neighbor 198.51.100.71 activate
neighbor 198.51.100.71 send-community
neighbor 198.51.100.71 route-reflector-client
neighbor 198.51.100.71 next-hop-self
neighbor 198.51.100.71 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589942200 in
neighbor 198.51.100.71 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 out
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family

HUB2（与辐条的EBGP对等）

firepower# show running-config router bgp 
router bgp 65510
bgp log-neighbor-changes
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 198.51.100.40 remote-as 65500 <<<<< tunnel from HUB 2 to Spoke 1 via ISP 1
neighbor 198.51.100.40 ebgp-multihop 2
neighbor 198.51.100.40 activate
neighbor 198.51.100.40 send-community
neighbor 198.51.100.40 next-hop-self
neighbor 198.51.100.40 as-override
neighbor 198.51.100.40 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589939614 in
neighbor 198.51.100.40 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 out
neighbor 198.51.100.41 remote-as 65500 <<<<< tunnel from HUB 2 to Spoke 2 via ISP 1
neighbor 198.51.100.41 ebgp-multihop 2
neighbor 198.51.100.41 activate
neighbor 198.51.100.41 send-community
neighbor 198.51.100.41 next-hop-self
neighbor 198.51.100.41 as-override
neighbor 198.51.100.41 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589939614 in
neighbor 198.51.100.41 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 out
neighbor 198.51.100.100 remote-as 65500 <<<<< tunnel from HUB 2 to Spoke 1 via ISP 2
neighbor 198.51.100.100 ebgp-multihop 2
neighbor 198.51.100.100 activate
neighbor 198.51.100.100 send-community
neighbor 198.51.100.100 next-hop-self
neighbor 198.51.100.100 as-override
neighbor 198.51.100.100 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589942200 in
neighbor 198.51.100.100 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 out
neighbor 198.51.100.101 remote-as 65500 <<<<< tunnel from HUB 2 to Spoke 2 via ISP 2
neighbor 198.51.100.101 ebgp-multihop 2
neighbor 198.51.100.101 activate
neighbor 198.51.100.101 send-community
neighbor 198.51.100.101 next-hop-self
neighbor 198.51.100.101 as-override
neighbor 198.51.100.101 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589942200 in
neighbor 198.51.100.101 route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 out
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family

路由拓扑

Routing Topology

分支使用其特定社区标记101010将其内部网络192.0.2.8/29通告到BGP，如route-map FMC_VPN_CONNECTED_DIST_RMAP_1010中所配置。

分支1

Spoke1# show bgp community 101010 exact-match <<<< to verify the exact network redistributed into BGP

BGP table version is 4, local router ID is 203.0.113.35
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path
*> 192.0.2.8/29     0.0.0.0              0         32768  ? <<<<<<<<<<< local inside network

辐条会修改其内部网络192.0.2.8/29的度量值，并将其通告到集线器，如路由映射FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_858939614和FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_85894200中所配置。

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 permit 10
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_101010 exact-match
set metric 1

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 permit 20
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_202020 exact-match
set metric 100

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 deny 100

HUB1使用社区标记101010获知分支1网络192.0.2.8/29，并将社区标记更改为202020，同时按照配置的路由映射中的定义保留度量，然后将其转发到其他分支。

集线器1

Route-Map for ISP1 DVTI
Inbound
route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589939614 permit 10
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_101010 exact-match
set community 202020

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589939614 permit 20
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_202020 exact-match

Outbound
route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 permit 10
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_101010 exact-match
set metric 1
set ip next-hop 198.51.100.1 <<<<<<<<<< only next-hop is changed in ISP2 tunnel route-map with ISP2 DVTI IP

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 permit 20
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_202020 exact-match
set metric 100
set ip next-hop 198.51.100.1 <<<<<<<<<< only next-hop is changed in ISP2 tunnel route-map with ISP2 DVTI IP

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 deny 100

Route-Map for ISP2 DVTI
Inbound
route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589942200 permit 10
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_101010 exact-match
set community 202020

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589942200 permit 20
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_202020 exact-match

Outbound
route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 permit 10
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_101010 exact-match
set metric 1
set ip next-hop 198.51.100.3 <<<<<<<<<< only next-hop is changed in ISP2 tunnel route-map with ISP2 DVTI IP

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 permit 20
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_202020 exact-match
set metric 100
set ip next-hop 198.51.100.3 <<<<<<<<<< only next-hop is changed in ISP2 tunnel route-map with ISP2 DVTI IP

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589942200 deny 100

HUB1# show bgp community 202020 exact-match <<<< this will confirm if received prefixes have community tags flipped

BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 198.51.100.3
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path
* i192.0.2.8/29     198.51.100.70        1    100      0  ?
*>i                 198.51.100.10        1    100      0  ?
* i192.0.2.16/29    198.51.100.71        1    100      0  ?
*>i                 198.51.100.11        1    100      0  ?

HUB1# show bgp 192.0.2.8 <<<< this will display available paths in BGP for the network

BGP routing table entry for 192.0.2.8/29, version 4
Paths: (2 available, best #2, table default)
  Advertised to update-groups:
              1          2
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    198.51.100.70 from 198.51.100.70 (203.0.113.35) <<<<< spoke 1 ISP 2 tunnel to HUB 1
      Origin incomplete, metric 1, localpref 100, valid, internal
      Community: 202020
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    198.51.100.10 from 198.51.100.10 (203.0.113.35) <<<<< spoke 1 ISP 1 tunnel to HUB 1
      Origin incomplete, metric 1, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
      Community: 202020 <<<<< community updated as per the route-map configured on spoke side

HUB1# show route 192.0.2.8

Routing entry for 192.0.2.8 255.255.255.248
  Known via "bgp 65500", distance 200, metric 1, type internal
  Last update from 198.51.100.10 0:09:18 ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 198.51.100.10, from 198.51.100.10, 0:09:18 ago
      Route metric is 1, traffic share count is 1
      AS Hops 0
      MPLS label: no label string provided

HUB1# show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbors 198.51.100.10 routes <<<<<< to check specific prefixes learnt via ISP1 spoke1 tunnel

BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 198.51.100.3
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path
*>i192.0.2.8/29     198.51.100.10        1    100      0  ? <<< preferred route

Total number of prefixes 1

HUB1# show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbors 198.51.100.70 routes <<<<<< to check specific prefixes learnt via ISP2 spoke1 tunnel

BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 198.51.100.3
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path
* i192.0.2.8/29     198.51.100.70        1    100      0  ?

Total number of prefixes 1

HUB2还使用社区标记101010获取分支1网络192.0.2.8/29，并将社区标记更改为202020，并将度量更新为100，然后将其转发到其他分支，如配置的路由映射中所指定。此指标更改由于eBGP对等而生效。这是因为MED(Multi-Exit Discriminator)是一个可选的非传递BGP属性，用于通过建议一个首选入口点进入AS来影响入站流量。MED通常不会在同一AS内的iBGP对等体之间传播，而是通告给不同自治系统中的外部BGP(eBGP)对等体。

集线器2

HUB2# show bgp community 202020 exact-match <<<< this will confirm if receieved prefixes have community tags flipped

BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 198.51.100.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path
*  192.0.2.8/29     198.51.100.1       100             0  65500 ? <<<<<< advertised back by spoke 2 ISP1 to HUB2 previously learnt via HUB1 iBGP
*                   198.51.100.1       100             0  65500 ? <<<<<< advertised back by spoke 2 ISP2 to HUB2 previously learnt via HUB1 iBGP
*                   198.51.100.100       1             0  65500 ? <<<<<< advertised by spoke 2 ISP tunnel
*>                  198.51.100.40        1             0  65500 ? <<<<<< advertised and preferred by spoke 1 ISP 1 tunnel
*  192.0.2.16/29    198.51.100.1       100             0  65500 ?
*                   198.51.100.1       100             0  65500 ?
*                   198.51.100.101       1             0  65500 ?
*>                  198.51.100.41        1             0  65500 ?

HUB2# show bgp 192.0.2.8 <<<< this will display available paths in BGP for the network

BGP routing table entry for 192.0.2.8/29, version 4
Paths: (4 available, best #4, table default)
  Advertised to update-groups:
              1          2
  65500 
    198.51.100.1 (inaccessible) from 198.51.100.41 (203.0.113.36) <<<<<< advertised back by spoke 2 ISP1 to HUB2 previously learnt via HUB1 iBGP
      Origin incomplete, metric 100, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 202020
  65500 
    198.51.100.1 (inaccessible) from 198.51.100.101 (203.0.113.36) <<<<<< advertised back by spoke 2 ISP2 to HUB2 previously learnt via HUB1 iBGP
      Origin incomplete, metric 100, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 202020
  65500 
    198.51.100.100 from 198.51.100.100 (203.0.113.35) <<<<<< advertised by spoke 1 ISP 2 tunnel
      Origin incomplete, metric 1, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 202020
  65500 
    198.51.100.40 from 198.51.100.40 (203.0.113.35) <<<<<< advertised and preferred by spoke 1 ISP 1 tunnel
      Origin incomplete, metric 1, localpref 100, valid, external, best
      Community: 202020

HUB2# show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbors 198.51.100.40 routes <<<<<< to check specific prefixes learnt via ISP1 spoke1 tunnel

BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 198.51.100.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path 
*> 192.0.2.8/29     198.51.100.40        1             0  65500 ? <<<< preferred
*  192.0.2.16/29    198.51.100.1       100             0  65500 ?

Total number of prefixes 2

HUB2# show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbors 198.51.100.41 routes <<<<<< to check specific prefixes learnt via ISP1 spoke2 tunnel

BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 198.51.100.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path
*  192.0.2.8/29     198.51.100.1       100             0  65500 ? <<<<<<
*> 192.0.2.16/29    198.51.100.41        1             0  65500 ?

Total number of prefixes 2

HUB2# show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbors 198.51.100.100 routes <<<<<< to check specific prefixes learnt via ISP2 spoke1 tunnel

BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 198.51.100.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path
*  192.0.2.8/29     198.51.100.100       1             0  65500 ? <<<<<<
*  192.0.2.16/29    198.51.100.1       100             0  65500 ?

Total number of prefixes 2

HUB2# show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbors 198.51.100.101 routes <<<<<< to check specific prefixes learnt via ISP2 spoke2 tunnel

BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 198.51.100.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path
*  192.0.2.8/29     198.51.100.1       100             0  65500 ? <<<<<<
*  192.0.2.16/29    198.51.100.101       1             0  65500 ?

Total number of prefixes 2

分支2从HUB1 ISP1和HUB1 ISP2隧道接收分支1网络192.0.2.8/29，度量为1，同时从HUB2 ISP1和HUB2 ISP2隧道接收同一网络，且其下一跳更新为HUB1。

分支2

Spoke2# show bgp community 202020 exact-match <<<< this will confirm if receieved prefixes have community tags flipped

BGP table version is 8, local router ID is 203.0.113.36
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path
*mi192.0.2.8/29     198.51.100.3         1    100      0  ?
*>i                 198.51.100.1         1    100      0  ? <<<< HUB1 ISP1 route preferred
*                   198.51.100.2       100             0  65510 65510 ?
*                   198.51.100.4       100             0  65510 65510 ?
*  192.0.2.16/29    198.51.100.4       100             0  65510 65510 ?
*                   198.51.100.2       100             0  65510 65510 ?

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589939614 permit 10
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_101010 exact-match

set community 202020

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_IN_8589956263 permit 20
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_202020 exact-match

分支2还会使用更新的度量将从HUB1获知的网络通告回HUB2（如配置的出站路由映射所定义）。

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 permit 10
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_101010 exact-match
set metric 1

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 permit 20
match community FMC_VPN_COMMUNITY_202020 exact-match
set metric 100 <<<<<

route-map FMC_VPN_RMAP_COMMUNITY_OUT_8589939614 deny 100

Spoke2# show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbors 198.51.100.2 advertised-routes <<<<< to check specific prefixes advertised via ISP1 HUB2 tunnel back to HUB2

BGP table version is 8, local router ID is 203.0.113.36
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path
*>i192.0.2.8/29     198.51.100.1         1    100      0  ? <<<<<<<
*> 192.0.2.16/29    0.0.0.0              0         32768  ?

Total number of prefixes 2

Spoke2# show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbors 198.51.100.4 advertised-routes <<<<< to check specific prefixes advertised via ISP2 HUB2 tunnel back to HUB2

BGP table version is 8, local router ID is 203.0.113.36
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path
*>i192.0.2.8/29     198.51.100.1         1    100      0  ? <<<<<<<
*> 192.0.2.16/29    0.0.0.0              0         32768  ?

Total number of prefixes 2

结论

本文档旨在介绍后端路由部署，重点介绍在BGP内实施的路由控制，以确保应急和冗余。

总之，分支2和拓扑中的任何其他分支在将其网络通告到BGP域时都使用相同的方法。在这种情况下，最重要的路由控制是社区列表过滤，它确保仅将此拓扑中的网络通告给其他对等体，防止意外的网络传播。

此外，MED Multi-exit Discriminator属性用于影响eBGP对等体的路由选择，确保通过配置为主HUB的iBGP对等体获知的路由优先于通过eBGP从辅助HUB获知的前缀。

通过进行拓扑调整（例如为辅助HUB配置iBGP），可以消除在将同一网络通告到其他分支之前对翻转社区标记的MED操作和入站路由映射的需要。