了解IS-IS SRv6微环路规避行为

简介

本文档从技术角度概述了IS-IS微环路、产生微环路的条件以及用于防止微环路的机制。

先决条件

要求

思科建议您了解中间系统到中间系统(ISIS)网段路由(SR)版本6的基本知识。

使用的组件

本文档中的信息基于Device:网络融合系统(NCS)540、NCS 5500。

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。

Microloop概述

IS-IS是一种广泛部署的链路状态路由协议，用于大规模服务提供商网络，因为它具有快速收敛性和可扩展性。但是，在链路或节点故障等拓扑更改期间，当路由器在不同时间更新其转发信息库(FIB)时，可能会出现临时转发一致性，通常称为微环路。这些微环路会导致暂时的数据包丢失、延迟增加或流量黑洞，从而对实时和延迟敏感型应用产生负面影响。

IS-IS路由协议利用分段路由（SR和SRv6）微环路避免机制，以防止在网络收敛期间出现此类瞬时转发环路。即使网络正在转换到新的稳定状态，这些机制也能确保无环转发。

图1.网络拓扑图

通用配置

interface Loopback100
ipv6 address <>

interface <>
ipv6 enable

router isis <>
 is-type level-2-only
 net <>
 address-family ipv6 unicast
  metric-style wide
  microloop avoidance segment-routing ## enables Microloop avoidance mechanism 
  microloop avoidance rib-update-delay <> ## specify the time in ms 
  router-id Loopback100
  segment-routing srv6
   locator <>

interface Loopback100
  address-family ipv6 unicast

 interface <>
    point-to-point
   address-family ipv6 unicast
   fast-reroute per-prefix
   fast-reroute per-prefix ti-lfa ## enables topology-independent loop-free alternates (TI-LFA)

segment-routing
 srv6
  encapsulation
   source-address <>
  !
  locators
   locator <>
    micro-segment behavior unode psp-usd ## enables SRv6 Micro-SIDs (uSIDs) the PSP-USD (Penultimate Segment Pop - Ultimate Segment Pop) flavor
    prefix <configure the locator >

router bgp <>
vrf <>
  address-family <> unicast
   segment-routing srv6 ## steering the packet using SRv6 uSID 
    locator <>

处于稳定状态

当网络无变化时，提供商边缘1(PE1)通过边界网关协议(BGP)将10.10.1.0/24网络通告给提供商边缘2(PE2)，而PE2将10.10.20.0/24网络通告给PE1。

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1#show bgp vrf mobility 10.10.1.0/24 detail
BGP routing table entry for 10.10.1.0/24, Route Distinguisher: 10.10.11.11:0
    SRv6-VPN SID: fc00:1000:a810:e003::/64
Local
    0.0.0.0 from 0.0.0.0 (10.10.11.11), if-handle 0x3c000090
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, weight 32768, valid, redistributed, best, group-best, import-candidate
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 8
      Extended community:

注意：PE1的fc00:1000:a810:e003::/64 >> fc00:1000:a810 ##定位器，e003 ##函数。

RP/0/RP0/CPU0: PE1#show bgp vrf mobility 10.10.20.0/24 detail
  Local
    fc00:1000:a822::22 (metric 2000) from fc00:1000:a822::22 (10.10.22.22), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 0xe0030
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 714
      Extended community: 
      PSID-Type:L3, SubTLV Count:1, R:0x00,
       SubTLV:
        T:1(Sid information), Sid:fc00:1000:a820::, F:0x00, R2:0x00, Behavior:63, R3:0x00, SS-TLV Count:1
         SubSubTLV:
          T:1(Sid structure):
           Length [Loc-blk,Loc-node,Func,Arg]:[32,16,16,0], Tpose-len:16, Tpose-offset:48
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: default, Source Route Distinguisher: 10.10.22.22:2

注意：此10.10.20.0/24是从PE1上的PE2收到的，定位器sid fc00:1000:a820::和函数e0030。

RP/0/RP0/CPU0: PE1#show route vrf mobility 10.10.20.0/24 detail
  Known via "bgp 100", distance 200, metric 0, type internal
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    fc00:1000:a822::22, from fc00:1000:a822::22
<snip>
      SRv6 Headend: H.Encaps.Red [f3216], SID-list {fc00:1000:a820:e003::}

注意：在稳定状态下，将发往客户边缘2(CE2)的数据包发送到PE2，其中包含Internet协议版本6(IPv6)报头目标地址fc00:1000:a820:e003::。

PE1稳态发送的数据包。

Frame 2: 136 bytes on wire (1088 bits), 136 bytes captured (1088 bits)
Ethernet II, Src: Cisco_a7:8a:0d (c4:b2:39:a7:8a:0d), Dst: Cisco_ff:d4:16 (a0:b4:39:ff:d4:16)
    Destination: Cisco_ff:d4:16 (a0:b4:39:ff:d4:16)
    Source: Cisco_a7:8a:0d (c4:b2:39:a7:8a:0d)
    Type: IPv6 (0x86dd)
Internet Protocol Version 6, Src: fc00:1000:a811::11, Dst: fc00:1000:a820:e003::
    0110 .... = Version: 6
    <0110 .... = Version: 6 [This field makes the filter match on "ip.version == 6" possible]>
    .... 0000 0000 .... .... .... .... .... = Traffic Class: 0x00 (DSCP: CS0, ECN: Not-ECT)
    .... 0000 0000 0000 1110 1111 = Flow Label: 0x000ef
    Payload Length: 82
    Next Header: IPIP (4)
    Hop Limit: 254
    Source Address: fc00:1000:a811::11
    <Source or Destination Address: fc00:1000:a811::11>
    <[Source Host: fc00:1000:a811::11]>
    <[Source or Destination Host: fc00:1000:a811::11]>
    Destination Address: fc00:1000:a820:e003::
    <Source or Destination Address: fc00:1000:a820:e003::>
    <[Destination Host: fc00:1000:a820:e003::]>
    <[Source or Destination Host: fc00:1000:a820:e003::]>
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.10.1.2, Dst: 10.10.20.2
    0100 .... = Version: 4
    .... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
    Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP: CS0, ECN: Not-ECT)

注意：

• 源：用作源地址的PE1的fc00:1000:a811::11 >>环回100。
• Dst :fc00:1000:a820:e003::>> PE2定位器：功能.
• ipv6传输报头，接下来是IPv4负载。

通过独立于拓扑的无环路备用(TI-LFA)按计算的主路径和备用路径：

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1#show cef ipv6 fc00:1000:a820::
   via fe80::a2b4:39ff:feff:d416/128, TenGigE0/0/0/9, 11 dependencies, weight 0, class 0, backup (TI-LFA) [flags 0xb00]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0x8ef0f2b0 0x0]
    next hop fe80::a2b4:39ff:feff:d416/128, Repair Node(s): fc00:1000:a802::2
    local adjacency
    SRv6 H.Insert.Red SID-list {fc00:1000:a802::}
   via fe80::9ee1:76ff:feca:e8a8/128, TenGigE0/0/0/8, 4 dependencies, weight 0, class 0, protected [flags 0x400]
    path-idx 1 bkup-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0x8f2db710 0x0]
    next hop fe80::9ee1:76ff:feca:e8a8/128

PE1接口TenGigE0/0/0/8（主路径）关闭时的事件顺序

图2.微环路出现

在PE1上，当链路tengig 0/0/8断开时，在PE1和P1之间的备用路径上，会怀疑存在微环路，进而触发PE1上的微环规避(MLA)机制。

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1#show logging
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:Mar 21 08:30:10.244 UTC: ifmgr[307]: %PKT_INFRA-LINK-5-CHANGED : Interface TenGigE0/0/0/8, changed state to Administratively Down 

当接口TenGigE0/0/0/8关闭时，首先出现快速重路由(FRR)事件，即流量在TI-LFA路径上发送。

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1#show cef trace
Mar 21 08:30:10.244 fib/common/frr 0/RP0/CPU0 43# t5991 Common: FRR-ITF-EVENT: proto=3 type=0 ifh=0x3c0000a0
Mar 21 08:30:10.244 fib/common/frr 0/RP0/CPU0 13# t5991 IPv6: FRR-LOOKUP-DONE: evt=0, ifh=0x3c0000a0,  main_ifh=0, proto=1
Mar 21 08:30:10.244 fib/common/frr 0/RP0/CPU0 12# t5991 IPv6: FRR-ITF-EVENT: Global Active; handle:0x3c0000a0[0x0]
Mar 21 08:30:10.244 fib/common/frr 0/RP0/CPU0 13# t5991 IPv6: FRR-ITF-EVENT: FRR Active; handle:0x3c0000a0[0x0]
Mar 21 08:30:10.244 fib/common/frr 0/RP0/CPU0 1# t5991 IPv6: FRR-EVENT: evt=0, notify protocol=1, ifh=0x0, switched=111768 ns
Mar 21 08:30:10.244 fib/common/fast 0/RP0/CPU0 20# t5991 Common: PLAT-UPD-FAST: Proto=common, Obj[FIB_DATA_TYPE2_ALL]=0, flags=0 Acttype=FRR_EOD

在08:30:10:307，存在IS-IS删除邻接关系。

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1#show isis lsp last 20
08:30:10:307    1  Te0/0/0/8          DELADJ

在08:30:10:358，收到标签交换路径(LSP)，计算小型封装热插拔(SFP)，并激活uloop。

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1#show isis spf-log detail 
08:30:10:358  FSPF     2     5     2    PE1.00-00 DELADJ LINKBAD
  Delay:                 50ms (since first trigger)
                         46257ms (since end of last calculation)
  Trigger Link:          P3.00
  Trigger Next Hop:      P3
  New LSP Arrivals:      0
  SR uloop:              Link Down

在IS-IS跟踪中更详细地查看这些事件，在这种情况下，配置的路由信息库(RIB)更新延迟时间为：65535毫秒~65秒

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1#show isis trace all 
Mar 21 08:30:10.308 isis/Mring_2801/std 0/RP0/CPU0 t8712 isis_roca_event_schedule_result_debug:329                SPF_TRIGGER_PRIMARY L2 IPv6 Unicast
Mar 21 08:30:10.308 isis/Mring_2801/spf 0/RP0/CPU0 t8712  isis_roca_spf_linkchanged_trigger:2609                  SPF_TRIGGER_LINKCHANGED_ADD L2 IPv6 Unicast 0370.0011.0011.00
Mar 21 08:30:10.358 isis/Mring_2801/std 0/RP0/CPU0 6669# t8712  isis_roca_event_start:1541                              SPF_ROCA_START L2 IPv6 Unicast SPF Type: Full >>>>>>>>. SPF was trigger 
Mar 21 08:30:10.358 isis/Mring_2801/sr_ 0/RP0/CPU0 t8712  isis_roca_sr_uloop_prep:3069                            SR_ULOOP_SPF_PREP_START L2 IPv6 Unicast SPF Type: Full>>>>>>>> uloop activated and uloop path installed 
Mar 21 08:30:10.358 isis/Mring_2801/sr_ 0/RP0/CPU0 8451# t8712  isis_roca_uloop_install_exp_path:3915                   SR_ULOOP_DETAIL_ADD_EXP_PATH L2 IPv6 Unicast SPF Type: Full
Mar 21 08:30:10.358 isis/Mring_2801/sr_ 0/RP0/CPU0 t8712   isis_roca_prefix_update_run:1040                       SR_ULOOP_SPF_START_DELAYED_UPD_TIMER_8 L2 IPv6 Unicast SPF Type: Full 65535 >>>>>> the MLA timer has began 
Mar 21 08:30:10.864 isis/Mring_2801/std 0/RP0/CPU0 t8712 isis_roca_frr_run:1538                                   SPF_FRR_DEFERRED_ULOOP L2 IPv6 Unicast
Mar 21 08:31:15.893 isis/Mring_2801/sr_ 0/RP0/CPU0 t8712 isis_ip_rib_worker_delayed_update_run:2344               SR_ULOOP_EVENT_DELAYED_UPDATE L2 IPv6 Unicast >> after 65 seconds the rib is updated and MLA is deactivated 

MLA处于活动状态时的RIB状态。

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1#show route ipv6 fc00:1000:a820:: detail
Routing entry for fc00:1000:a820::/48
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    fe80::a2b4:39ff:feff:d416, from fc00:1000:a822::22, via TenGigE0/0/0/9
      Route metric is 6000
<snip>
      SRv6 Headend: H.Insert.Red [f3216], SID-list {fc00:1000:a802::} ##this locator of P2 is inserted before the SRH  

MLA处于活动状态时的思科快速转发(CEF)状态。

RP/0/RP0/CPU0: PE1#show cef ipv6 fc00:1000:a820:: detail
local adjacency to TenGigE0/0/0/9
<snip>
   via fe80::a2b4:39ff:feff:d416/128, TenGigE0/0/0/9, 10 dependencies, weight 0, class 0 [flags 0x0]
    SRv6 H.Insert.Red SID-list {fc00:1000:a802::} ## P node (locator of P2)sid is inserted into the packet
    Load distribution: 0 (refcount 9)
    Hash  OK  Interface                 Address
    0     Y   TenGigE0/0/0/9            fe80::a2b4:39ff:feff:d416

从PE1发出的数据包通过P1转发，其中P2s微段标识符(uSID)作为第一个活动目标。当数据包到达P2时，与uSID关联的SRv6行为会触发分段路由报头(SRH)解封，之后原始数据包在MLA转发下转发到PE2。

图3.在MLA期间采用的路径

PE1和P1在MLA期间转发的数据包。

Frame 1: 160 bytes on wire (1280 bits), 160 bytes captured (1280 bits)
Ethernet II, Src: Cisco_a7:8a:0d (c4:b2:39:a7:8a:0d), Dst: Cisco_ff:d4:16 (a0:b4:39:ff:d4:16)
Internet Protocol Version 6, Src: fc00:1000:a811::11, Dst: fc00:1000:a802:: >> during MLA the 1st active destination locator is of P2 
0110 .... = Version: 6
<0110 .... = Version: 6 [This field makes the filter match on "ip.version == 6" possible]>
.... 0000 0000 .... .... .... .... .... = Traffic Class: 0x00 (DSCP: CS0, ECN: Not-ECT)
.... 0000 0000 0000 1110 1111 = Flow Label: 0x000ef
Payload Length: 106
Next Header: Routing Header for IPv6 (43) >> indicates the next header is a SRH 
Hop Limit: 254
Source Address: fc00:1000:a811::11
<Source or Destination Address: fc00:1000:a811::11>
<[Source Host: fc00:1000:a811::11]>
<[Source or Destination Host: fc00:1000:a811::11]>
Destination Address: fc00:1000:a802::
<Source or Destination Address: fc00:1000:a802::>
<[Destination Host: fc00:1000:a802::]>
<[Source or Destination Host: fc00:1000:a802::]>
Routing Header for IPv6 (Segment Routing) >>>>>>>>> SRH header which contains the orginal PE2 locator 
Next Header: IPIP (4)
Length: 2
[Length: 24 bytes]
Type: Segment Routing (4)
Segments Left: 1
Last Entry: 0
Flags: 0x00
Tag: 0000
Address[0]: fc00:1000:a820:e003:: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> PE2 locator : function 
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.10.1.2, Dst: 10.10.20.2
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)

解封后，P2发送原始数据包，P2在MLA期间删除SRH。

Frame 1: 136 bytes on wire (1088 bits), 136 bytes captured (1088 bits)
Ethernet II, Src: Cisco_87:d8:58 (b0:a6:51:87:d8:58), Dst: Cisco_af:48:01 (c8:47:09:af:48:01)
Internet Protocol Version 6, Src: fc00:1000:a811::11, Dst: fc00:1000:a820:e003::
0110 .... = Version: 6
<0110 .... = Version: 6 [This field makes the filter match on "ip.version == 6" possible]>
.... 0000 0000 .... .... .... .... .... = Traffic Class: 0x00 (DSCP: CS0, ECN: Not-ECT)
.... 0000 0000 0000 1110 1111 = Flow Label: 0x000ef
Payload Length: 82
Next Header: IPIP (4)
Hop Limit: 252
Source Address: fc00:1000:a811::11
<Source or Destination Address: fc00:1000:a811::11>
<[Source Host: fc00:1000:a811::11]>
<[Source or Destination Host: fc00:1000:a811::11]>
Destination Address: fc00:1000:a820:e003::
<Source or Destination Address: fc00:1000:a820:e003::>
<[Destination Host: fc00:1000:a820:e003::]>
<[Source or Destination Host: fc00:1000:a820:e003::]>
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.10.1.2, Dst: 10.10.20.2
Data (62 bytes)

收敛之后（在RIB更新延迟计时器之后），将删除插入的SRH，并在收敛的最佳内部网关协议(IGP)路径上发送数据包。

RP/0/RP0/CPU0: PE1#show cef ipv6 fc00:1000:a822::22/128
local adjacency to TenGigE0/0/0/9
 Prefix Len 128, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 1
   via fe80::a2b4:39ff:feff:d416/128, TenGigE0/0/0/9, 9 dependencies, weight 0, class 0 [flags 0x0]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0x8ef0f2b0 0x0]
    next hop fe80::a2b4:39ff:feff:d416/128
    local adjacency

时间表摘要

结论

本文档详细介绍IS-IS通告的SRv6 uSID路径在网络融合期间如何支持MLA。通过将有序的拓扑意图直接编码到uSID列表中，流量通过确定的节点序列进行引导，确保无环转发，即使IS-IS SPF计算在网络中暂时不一致。

在收敛期间，从入口PE出出的数据包采用预先计算的uSID序列，通过中间P节点，而不依赖瞬时IGP下一跳决策。指定uSID端点的解封行为可确保受保护网段完成后顺利转换回本机转发。IS-IS控制平面更新和SRv6 uSID数据平面行为之间的这种紧密结合的交互可实现快速且确定的重新路由。

基于IS-IS uSID的MLA为无微环收敛提供了可扩展、拓扑感知且操作简单的解决方案，使其非常适合支持SRv6的大型网络，在这些网络中，快速重新路由和确定性流量控制至关重要。

命令

• #show isis instance <> ipv6 microloop avoidance <prefix> detail 
• #show isis