In questo documento vengono descritte le diverse operazioni disponibili su Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) per le opzioni Access Control Policy (ACP) e Prefilter Policy.
Cisco raccomanda la conoscenza dei seguenti argomenti:
Le informazioni fornite in questo documento si basano sulle seguenti versioni software e hardware:
Le informazioni discusse in questo documento fanno riferimento a dispositivi usati in uno specifico ambiente di emulazione. Su tutti i dispositivi menzionati nel documento la configurazione è stata ripristinata ai valori predefiniti. Se la rete è operativa, valutare attentamente eventuali conseguenze derivanti dall'uso dei comandi.
Questo documento può essere utilizzato con le seguenti versioni hardware e software:
Vengono esaminate le operazioni in background di ogni azione e le relative interazioni con altre funzionalità, ad esempio Flow Offload e protocolli, che aprono connessioni secondarie.
FTD è un'immagine software unificata costituita da due motori principali:
La figura mostra come interagiscono i due motori:

La policy FTD è configurata nel FMC quando si utilizza la gestione off-box (remota) o quando si utilizza Firepower Device Manager (FDM) locale. In entrambi gli scenari, la policy ACP viene applicata come segue:
Il punto ACP FTD contiene una o più regole e ogni regola può avere una delle azioni seguenti:

Analogamente, un criterio di prefiltro può contenere una o più regole e le azioni possibili:

Il criterio di prefiltro è stato introdotto nella versione 6.1 e ha due finalità principali:
Consentire l'ispezione del traffico con tunneling quando il motore LINA dell'FTD controlla l'intestazione IP esterna e il motore Snort controlla l'intestazione IP interna. In particolare, nel caso del traffico di tunneling (ad esempio il GRE), le regole dei criteri di prefiltro agiscono sempre sulle intestazioni esterne. mentre le regole nei punti ACP sono sempre applicabili alle sessioni interne (intestazioni interne).
Il traffico con tunneling fa riferimento a questi protocolli:
Early Access Control (EAC) consente al flusso di ignorare completamente il motore Snort:

Le regole di prefiltro vengono distribuite su FTD come ACE (Access Control Elements) L3/L4 e precedono le ACE L3/L4 configurate:

Considerare la topologia:

Il provider di servizi di audioconferenza contiene una regola di blocco che utilizza una condizione L4 (porta di destinazione TCP 80):

La policy applicata in Snort:
268435461 deny any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 80 any 6
La policy applicata in LINA. Si noti che la regola viene inserita come azione di rifiuto:
firepower# show access-list … access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 9 remark rule-id 268435461: L4 RULE: Rule1 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced deny tcp host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 eq www rule-id 268435461 event-log flow-start (hitcnt=0) 0x6149c43c
Verificare gli effetti di questa azione.
Quando l'host A (192.168.1.40) tenta di aprire una sessione HTTP sull'host B (192.168.2.40), i pacchetti TCP di sincronizzazione (SYN) vengono scartati dal motore LINA FTD e non raggiungono lo Snort Engine o la destinazione:
firepower# show capture capture CAPI type raw-data buffer 33554432 trace trace-count 100 interface INSIDE [Capturing - 430 bytes] match ip host 192.168.1.40 any capture CAPO type raw-data buffer 33554432 trace trace-count 100 interface OUTSIDE [Capturing - 0 bytes] match ip host 192.168.1.40 any
firepower# show capture CAPI 1: 11:08:09.672801 192.168.1.40.32789 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 3249160620:3249160620(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 4060517 0> 2: 11:08:12.672435 192.168.1.40.32789 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 3249160620:3249160620(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 4063517 0> 3: 11:08:18.672847 192.168.1.40.32789 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 3249160620:3249160620(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 4069517 0> 4: 11:08:30.673610 192.168.1.40.32789 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 3249160620:3249160620(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 4081517 0>
firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 1 trace
1: 11:08:09.672801 192.168.1.40.32789 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 3249160620:3249160620(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 4060517 0>
...
Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: DROP
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced deny tcp host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 eq www rule-id 268435461 event-log flow-start
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435461: ACCESS POLICY: ACP1 - Mandatory
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435461: L4 RULE: Rule1
Additional Information:
<- No Additional Information = No Snort Inspection
Result:
input-interface: INSIDE
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: OUTSIDE
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: drop
Drop-reason: (acl-drop) Flow is denied by configured rule
Il provider di servizi di audioconferenza contiene una regola di blocco che utilizza una condizione L7 (HTTP applicazione):

La policy applicata in Snort:
268435461 deny any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 any any any (appid 676:1)
Appid 676:1 = HTTP
La policy applicata in LINA:
firepower# show access-list … access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 9 remark rule-id 268435461: L7 RULE: Rule1 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435461 (hitcnt=0) 0xb788b786
Per una regola di blocco che utilizza Application come condizione, la traccia di un pacchetto reale indica che la sessione viene scartata dal motore LINA a causa del verdetto del motore Snort.
Verificare gli effetti di questa azione.
Quando l'host A (192.168.1.40) tenta di stabilire una sessione HTTP con l'host B (192.168.2.40), l'acquisizione in entrata LINA visualizza:
firepower# show capture CAPI 8 packets captured 1: 11:31:19.825564 192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 357753151:357753151(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5450579 0> 2: 11:31:19.826403 192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32790: S 1283931030:1283931030(0) ack 357753152 win 2896 <mss 1380,sackOK,timestamp 5449236 5450579> 3: 11:31:19.826556 192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: P 357753152:357753351(199) ack 1283931031 win 2920 <nop,nop,timestamp 5450580 5449236> 4: 11:31:20.026899 192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: P 357753152:357753351(199) ack 1283931031 win 2920 <nop,nop,timestamp 5450781 5449236> 5: 11:31:20.428887 192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: P 357753152:357753351(199) ack 1283931031 win 2920 <nop,nop,timestamp 5451183 5449236> ...
Acquisizione in uscita:
firepower# show capture CAPO 5 packets captured 1: 11:31:19.825869 192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 1163713179:1163713179(0) win 2920 <mss 1380,sackOK,timestamp 5450579 0> 2: 11:31:19.826312 192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32790: S 354801457:354801457(0) ack 1163713180 win 2896 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5449236 5450579> 3: 11:31:23.426049 192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32790: S 354801457:354801457(0) ack 1163713180 win 2896 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5452836 5450579> 4: 11:31:29.426430 192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32790: S 354801457:354801457(0) ack 1163713180 win 2896 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5458836 5450579> 5: 11:31:41.427208 192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32790: S 354801457:354801457(0) ack 1163713180 win 2896 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5470836 5450579>
La traccia indica che il primo pacchetto (TCP SYN) è consentito dal motore Snort poiché il verdetto di rilevamento dell'applicazione non è stato ancora raggiunto:
firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 1 trace 1: 11:31:19.825564 192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 357753151:357753151(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5450579 0> ... Phase: 4 Type: ACCESS-LIST Subtype: log Result: ALLOW Config: access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435461 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435461: ACCESS POLICY: ACP1 - Mandatory access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435461: L7 RULE: Rule1 Additional Information: This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached ... Phase: 10 Type: FLOW-CREATION Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: New flow created with id 23194, packet dispatched to next module … Phase: 12 Type: SNORT Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Snort Trace: Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 357753151 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0 Firewall: pending rule-matching, id 268435461, pending AppID NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS Snort Verdict: (pass-packet) allow this packet Result: input-interface: OUTSIDE input-status: up input-line-status: up output-interface: OUTSIDE output-status: up output-line-status: up Action: allow
Lo stesso vale per il pacchetto TCP SYN/ACK:
firepower# show capture CAPO packet-number 2 trace 2: 11:31:19.826312 192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32790: S 354801457:354801457(0) ack 1163713180 win 2896 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 5449236 5450579> … Phase: 3 Type: FLOW-LOOKUP Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Found flow with id 23194, using existing flow … Phase: 5 Type: SNORT Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Snort Trace: Packet: TCP, SYN, ACK, seq 1283931030, ack 357753152 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0 Firewall: pending rule-matching, id 268435461, pending AppID NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS Snort Verdict: (pass-packet) allow this packet Result: input-interface: INSIDE input-status: up input-line-status: up output-interface: INSIDE output-status: up output-line-status: up Action: allow
Snort restituisce un verdetto DROP una volta completata l'ispezione del terzo pacchetto:
firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 3 trace 3: 11:31:19.826556 192.168.1.40.32790 > 192.168.2.40.80: P 357753152:357753351(199) ack 1283931031 win 2920 <nop,nop,timestamp 5450580 5449236> Phase: 3 Type: FLOW-LOOKUP Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Found flow with id 23194, using existing flow Phase: 5 Type: SNORT Subtype: Result: DROP Config: Additional Information: Snort Trace: Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 357753152, ack 1283931031 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0) Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, url http://192.168.2.40/128k.html Firewall: block rule, id 268435461, drop Snort: processed decoder alerts or actions queue, drop NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict BLOCKLIST, Blocked by Firewall Snort Verdict: (block-list) block list this flow Result: input-interface: INSIDE input-status: up input-line-status: up Action: drop Drop-reason: (firewall) Blocked by the firewall preprocessor
È inoltre possibile eseguire il comando system support trace dalla modalità FTD CLISH. Questo strumento fornisce due funzioni:
Di seguito è riportato un esempio di output:
> system support trace Please specify an IP protocol: tcp Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.1.40 Please specify a client port: Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.2.40 Please specify a server port: Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: y Monitoring packet tracer debug messages Tracing enabled by Lina 192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32791 6 Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 2620409313 192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32791 6 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 New session 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 Starting with minimum 2, 'Rule1', and SrcZone first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, inline sgt tag: untagged, ISE sgt id: 0, svc 0, payload 0, client 0, misc 0, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 pending rule order 2, 'Rule1', AppID 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: pending rule-matching, 'Rule1', pending AppID 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS Trace buffer and verdict reason are sent to DAQ's PDTS Tracing enabled by Lina 192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32791 6 Packet: TCP, SYN, ACK, seq 3700371680, ack 2620409314 192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32791 6 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 Starting with minimum 2, 'Rule1', and SrcZone first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, inline sgt tag: untagged, ISE sgt id: 0, svc 0, payload 0, client 0, misc 0, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 pending rule order 2, 'Rule1', AppID 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: pending rule-matching, 'Rule1', pending AppID 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS Trace buffer and verdict reason are sent to DAQ's PDTS Tracing enabled by Lina 192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32791 6 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 2620409314, ack 3700371681 192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32791 6 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0) 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 Starting with minimum 2, 'Rule1', and SrcZone first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, inline sgt tag: untagged, ISE sgt id: 0, svc 676, payload 0, client 686, misc 0, user 9999997, url http://192.168.2.40/128k.html, xff 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, url http://192.168.2.40/128k.html 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 match rule order 2, 'Rule1', action Block 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 deny action 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: block rule, 'Rule1', drop 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Snort: processed decoder alerts or actions queue, drop 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 0 Deleting session 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict BLOCKLIST 192.168.1.40-32791 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 ===> Blocked by Firewall
Riepilogo:
Una regola Block with reset (Blocca con reset) configurata nell'interfaccia utente FMC:

Il blocco con regola di reimpostazione viene distribuito sul motore LINA FTD come permesso e al motore Snort come regola di reimpostazione:
firepower# show access-list … access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced permit tcp 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 host 192.168.11.50 eq www rule-id 268438864 (hitcnt=0) 0xba785fc0 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 11 remark rule-id 268438865: ACCESS POLICY: ACP1 - Mandatory access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 12 remark rule-id 268438865: L7 RULE: Block-RST_Rule2 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 13 advanced permit ip 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 host 192.168.11.51 rule-id 268438865 (hitcnt=0) 0x622350d0
Motore Snort:
admin@firepower:~$ cat /var/sf/detection_engines/9e080e5c-adc3-11ea-9d37-44884cf7e9ba/ngfw.rules … # Start of AC rule. 268438864 reset any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.50 32 80 any 6 # End rule 268438864 268438865 reset any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.51 32 any any any (appid 676:1) (ip_protos 6, 17) # End rule 268438865
Quando un pacchetto corrisponde a un blocco con regola di reimpostazione, FTD invia un pacchetto di reimpostazione TCP o un codice ICMP tipo 3 codice 13 destinazione irraggiungibile (filtrata amministrativamente):
root@kali:~/tests# wget 192.168.11.50/file1.zip --2020-06-20 22:48:10-- http://192.168.11.50/file1.zip Connecting to 192.168.11.50:80... failed: Connection refused.
Fare riferimento all'acquisizione effettuata sull'interfaccia in entrata FTD:
firepower# show capture CAPI
2 packets captured
1: 21:01:00.977259 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.41986 > 192.168.11.50.80: S 3120295488:3120295488(0) win 29200 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 3740873275 0,nop,wscale 7>
2: 21:01:00.978114 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.80 > 192.168.10.50.41986: R 0:0(0) ack 3120295489 win 0 2 packets shown
Output di traccia del supporto di sistema. In questo caso, indica che il pacchetto è stato scartato a causa del verdetto Snort:
> system support trace Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: y Please specify an IP protocol: tcp Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.10.50 Please specify a client port: Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.11.50 Please specify a server port: Monitoring packet tracer and firewall debug messages 192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 3387496622 192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Session: new snort session 192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) 192.168.10.50-41984 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 9 new firewall session 192.168.10.50-41984 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 9 using HW or preset rule order 2, 'Block-RST-Rule1', action Reset and prefilter rule 0 192.168.10.50-41984 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 9 HitCount data sent for rule id: 268438864, 192.168.10.50-41984 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 9 reset action 192.168.10.50-41984 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 9 deleting firewall session flags = 0x0, fwFlags = 0x0 192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: block w/ reset rule, 'Block-RST-Rule1', drop 192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort: processed decoder alerts or actions queue, drop 192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 9, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict BLOCKLIST 192.168.10.50-41984 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 ===> Blocked by Firewall Verdict reason is sent to DAQ
Scenari d'uso
Come l'azione Blocca, tuttavia, la connessione viene terminata immediatamente.
In genere, si configura una regola Consenti per specificare ispezioni aggiuntive, ad esempio un criterio per le intrusioni e/o un criterio per i file. In questo primo scenario viene illustrato il funzionamento di una regola Allow quando viene applicata una condizione L3/L4.
Supponiamo di avere questa topologia:

Questo criterio viene applicato:

La policy applicata in Snort. Tenere presente che la regola viene applicata come azione allow:
# Start of AC rule. 268435461 allow any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 80 any 6
La politica nel motore LINA:
firepower# show access-list … access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 9 remark rule-id 268435461: L7 RULE: Rule1 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced permit tcp host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 eq www rule-id 268435461 (hitcnt=1) 0x641a20c3
Per visualizzare il modo in cui FTD gestisce un flusso che corrisponde a una regola Consenti, è possibile procedere in diversi modi:
Differenze tra comando capture in LINA e il comando capture-traffic in Snort:

Verificare gli effetti di questa azione.
Cancellare le statistiche Snort e abilitare la traccia di supporto del sistema da CLISH, quindi avviare il flusso HTTP dall'host A (192.168.1.40) all'host B (192.168.2.40). Tutti i pacchetti vengono inoltrati al motore Snort e il motore Snort emette un verdetto PASS:
firepower# clear snort statistics
> system support trace Please specify an IP protocol: Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.1.40 Please specify a client port: Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.2.40 Please specify a server port: Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: Monitoring packet tracer debug messages Tracing enabled by Lina 192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32797 6 Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 361134402 192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32797 6 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) 192.168.1.40-32797 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: allow rule, 'Rule1', allow 192.168.1.40-32797 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS Trace buffer and verdict reason are sent to DAQ's PDTS Tracing enabled by Lina 192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32797 6 Packet: TCP, SYN, ACK, seq 1591434735, ack 361134403 192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32797 6 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) 192.168.1.40-32797 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: allow rule, 'Rule1', allow 192.168.1.40-32797 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS Trace buffer and verdict reason are sent to DAQ's PDTS Tracing enabled by Lina 192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32797 6 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 361134403, ack 1591434736 192.168.2.40-80 - 192.168.1.40-32797 6 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0) 192.168.1.40-32797 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 Firewall: allow rule, 'Rule1', allow 192.168.1.40-32797 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS
Aumentano i contatori Pacchetti passati:
> show snort statistics Packet Counters: Passed Packets 54 Blocked Packets 0 Injected Packets 0 Packets bypassed (Snort Down) 0 Packets bypassed (Snort Busy) 0 Flow Counters: Fast-Forwarded Flows 0 Blocklisted Flows 0 ...
Pacchetti autorizzati = Ispezionati dal motore Snort
Un comportamento simile si verifica quando viene distribuita la regola Consenti.
Solo una condizione L3/L4:

Una condizione L7 (ad esempio, criteri per le intrusioni, criteri per i file, applicazione):

Riepilogo
Per riepilogare, questo è il modo in cui un flusso viene gestito da un FTD distribuito su FP4100/9300 quando viene soddisfatta una regola Allow:

Esistono scenari specifici in cui il motore FTD Snort fornisce un verdetto PERMITLIST (avanzamento rapido) e il flusso rimanente viene scaricato sul motore LINA (in alcuni casi, viene scaricato sull'acceleratore HW - SmartNIC). ossia SmartNIC):
Per ulteriori informazioni, fare riferimento alla rappresentazione visiva del percorso del pacchetto:

Oppure, in alcuni casi:

Considerazioni principali
Scenari d'uso
È possibile configurare una regola Consenti solo quando è necessaria un'ispezione L7 da parte del motore di snort, ad esempio:
Se non si desidera applicare un'ispezione L7 avanzata a livello di Snort (ad esempio, Criteri intrusione, Criteri file, Individuazione rete), ma si desidera utilizzare funzionalità quali Security Intelligence (SI), Identity Policy, QoS, è consigliabile utilizzare l'azione di attendibilità nella regola.
Topologia:

La policy configurata:

Fare riferimento alla regola di attendibilità così come viene distribuita nel motore Snort FTD:
# Start of AC rule. 268438858 fastpath any 192.168.10.50 31 any any 192.168.11.50 31 80 any 6 (log dcforward flowend)
La regola nel motore LINA dell'FTD:
firepower# show access-list | i 268438858 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 17 remark rule-id 268438858: ACCESS POLICY: ACP1 - Mandatory access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 18 remark rule-id 268438858: L7 RULE: trust_L3-L4 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 19 advanced permit tcp object-group FMC_INLINE_src_rule_268438858 object-group FMC_INLINE_dst_rule_268438858 eq www rule-id 268438858 (hitcnt=19) 0x29588b4f access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 19 advanced permit tcp host 192.168.10.50 host 192.168.11.50 eq www rule-id 268438858 (hitcnt=19) 0x9d442895 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 19 advanced permit tcp host 192.168.10.50 host 192.168.11.51 eq www rule-id 268438858 (hitcnt=0) 0xd026252b access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 19 advanced permit tcp host 192.168.10.51 host 192.168.11.50 eq www rule-id 268438858 (hitcnt=0) 0x0d785cc4 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 19 advanced permit tcp host 192.168.10.51 host 192.168.11.51 eq www rule-id 268438858 (hitcnt=0) 0x3b3234f1
Verifica:
Eseguire il comando system support trace e avviare una sessione HTTP tra l'host A (192.168.10.50) e l'host B (192.168.11.50).
Ci sono tre pacchetti inoltrati al motore Snort. Il motore Snort invia a LINA e il verdetto PERMITLIST scarica il flusso rimanente sul motore LINA:
> system support trace Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: y Please specify an IP protocol: tcp Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.10.50 Please specify a client port: Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.11.50 Please specify a server port: 80 Monitoring packet tracer and firewall debug messages 192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 453426648 192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Session: new snort session 192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) 192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 new firewall session 192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 using HW or preset rule order 5, 'trust_L3-L4', action Trust and prefilter rule 0 192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 HitCount data sent for rule id: 268438858, 192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: trust/fastpath rule, 'trust_L3-L4', allow 192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 2, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS 192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.50-42126 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, SYN, ACK, seq 2820426532, ack 453426649 192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.50-42126 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) 192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.50-42126 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: trust/fastpath rule, 'trust_L3-L4', allow 192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.50-42126 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 2, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS 192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 453426649, ack 2820426533 192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) 192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: trust/fastpath rule, 'trust_L3-L4', allow 192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 2, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict PERMITLIST
Una volta terminata la connessione, il motore Snort riceve le informazioni sui metadati dal motore LINA ed elimina la sessione:
192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 Got end of flow event from hardware with flags 00010001. Rule Match Data: rule_id 0, rule_action 0 rev_id 0, rule_flags 3 192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 Logging EOF for event from hardware with rule_id = 268438858 ruleAction = 3 ruleReason = 0 192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 : Received EOF, deleting the snort session. 192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Session: deleting snort session, reason: timeout 192.168.10.50-42126 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 2 deleting firewall session flags = 0x10003, fwFlags = 0x1115 192.168.10.50-42126 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Session: deleted snort session using 0 bytes; protocol id:(-1) : LWstate 0xf LWFlags 0x6007
L'acquisizione del motore Snort mostra i tre pacchetti che vengono inviati al motore Snort:
> capture-traffic Please choose domain to capture traffic from: 0 - management0 1 - management1 2 - Global Selection? 2 Please specify tcpdump options desired. (or enter '?' for a list of supported options) Options: -n vlan and (host 192.168.10.50 and host 192.168.11.50) 10:26:16.525928 IP 192.168.10.50.42144 > 192.168.11.50.80: Flags [S], seq 3065553465, win 29200, options [mss 1380,sackOK,TS val 3789188468 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0 10:26:16.525928 IP 192.168.11.50.80 > 192.168.10.50.42144: Flags [S.], seq 3581351172, ack 3065553466, win 8192, options [mss 1380,nop,wscale 8,sackOK,TS val 57650410 ecr 3789188468], length 0 10:26:16.525928 IP 192.168.10.50.42144 > 192.168.11.50.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 3789188470 ecr 57650410], length 0
La cattura del motore LINA mostra il flusso che lo attraversa:
firepower# show capture CAPI 437 packets captured 1: 09:51:19.431007 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.42118 > 192.168.11.50.80: S 2459891187:2459891187(0) win 29200 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 3787091387 0,nop,wscale 7> 2: 09:51:19.431648 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.80 > 192.168.10.50.42118: S 2860907367:2860907367(0) ack 2459891188 win 8192 <mss 1380,nop,wscale 8,sackOK,timestamp 57440579 3787091387> 3: 09:51:19.431847 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.42118 > 192.168.11.50.80: . ack 2860907368 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3787091388 57440579> 4: 09:51:19.431953 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.42118 > 192.168.11.50.80: P 2459891188:2459891337(149) ack 2860907368 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3787091388 57440579> 5: 09:51:19.444816 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.80 > 192.168.10.50.42118: . 2860907368:2860908736(1368) ack 2459891337 win 256 <nop,nop,timestamp 57440580 3787091388> 6: 09:51:19.444831 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.80 > 192.168.10.50.42118: . 2860908736:2860910104(1368) ack 2459891337 win 256 <nop,nop,timestamp 57440580 3787091388> …
La traccia dei pacchetti da LINA è un altro modo per vedere i verdetti Snort. Il primo pacchetto ha ricevuto il verdetto PASS:
firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 1 trace | i Type|Verdict Type: CAPTURE Type: ACCESS-LIST Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP Type: ACCESS-LIST Type: CONN-SETTINGS Type: NAT Type: NAT Type: IP-OPTIONS Type: CAPTURE Type: CAPTURE Type: NAT Type: CAPTURE Type: NAT Type: IP-OPTIONS Type: CAPTURE Type: FLOW-CREATION Type: EXTERNAL-INSPECT Type: SNORT Snort id 22, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS Snort Verdict: (pass-packet) allow this packet Type: INPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP-FROM-OUTPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP Type: ADJACENCY-LOOKUP Type: CAPTURE
Traccia del pacchetto TCP SYN/ACK sull'interfaccia esterna:
firepower# show capture CAPO packet-number 2 trace | i Type|Verdict Type: CAPTURE Type: ACCESS-LIST Type: FLOW-LOOKUP Type: EXTERNAL-INSPECT Type: SNORT Snort id 22, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS Snort Verdict: (pass-packet) allow this packet Type: INPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP-FROM-OUTPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP Type: ADJACENCY-LOOKUP Type: CAPTURE
Il TCP ACK riceve il verdetto PERMITLIST:
firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 3 trace | i Type|Verdict Type: CAPTURE Type: ACCESS-LIST Type: FLOW-LOOKUP Type: EXTERNAL-INSPECT Type: SNORT Snort id 22, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict PERMITLIST Snort Verdict: (fast-forward) fast forward this flow Type: CAPTURE
Per ulteriori informazioni, fare riferimento all'output completo del verdetto Snort (pacchetto 3):
firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 3 trace | b Type: SNORT Type: SNORT Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Snort Trace: Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 687485179, ack 1029625865 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) Firewall: trust/fastpath rule, id 268438858, allow Snort id 31, NAP id 2, IPS id 0, Verdict PERMITLIST Snort Verdict: (fast-forward) fast forward this flow
Il quarto pacchetto non viene inoltrato al motore Snort poiché il verdetto viene memorizzato nella cache dal motore LINA:
firepower# show capture CAPI packet-number 4 trace 441 packets captured 4: 10:34:02.741523 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.42158 > 192.168.11.50.80: P 164375589:164375738(149) ack 3008397532 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3789654678 57697031> Phase: 1 Type: CAPTURE Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: MAC Access list Phase: 2 Type: ACCESS-LIST Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Implicit Rule Additional Information: MAC Access list Phase: 3 Type: FLOW-LOOKUP Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Found flow with id 1254, using existing flow Phase: 4 Type: SNORT Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Snort Verdict: (fast-forward) fast forward this flow Result: input-interface: INSIDE(vrfid:0) input-status: up input-line-status: up Action: allow 1 packet shown
Le statistiche di Snort confermano quanto segue:
firepower# show snort statistics Packet Counters: Passed Packets 2 Blocked Packets 0 Injected Packets 0 Packets bypassed (Snort Down) 0 Packets bypassed (Snort Busy) 0 Flow Counters: Fast-Forwarded Flows 1 Blacklisted Flows 0 Miscellaneous Counters: Start-of-Flow events 0 End-of-Flow events 1 Denied flow events 0 Frames forwarded to Snort before drop 0 Inject packets dropped 0
Fare riferimento al flusso di pacchetto con la regola Trust. Alcuni pacchetti vengono ispezionati dal motore Snort e i rimanenti vengono ispezionati da LINA:

Se si desidera che FTD applichi i controlli di intelligence di sicurezza (SI) a tutti i flussi, SI è già abilitato a livello di ACP ed è possibile specificare le origini SI (TALOS, feed, elenchi). Se invece si desidera disabilitarlo, è possibile disabilitare SI per le reti a livello globale per ACP, SI per URL e SI per DNS. L'interfaccia utente per le reti e l'URL è disabilitata:

In questo caso, la regola di attendibilità viene applicata al motore LINA come trust:
> show access-list
... access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 9 remark rule-id 268435461: L4 RULE: Rule1 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced trust ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435461 event-log flow-end (hitcnt=0) 0x5c1346d6
Verificare gli effetti di questa azione.
Stabilire una connessione HTTP tra l'host A (192.168.1.40) e l'host B (192.168.2.40). Poiché si tratta di un FP4100 e supporta l'offload del flusso nell'hardware, tenere presente quanto segue:
La tabella di connessione LINA FTD mostra il flag"o", che indica che il flusso è stato scaricato su hardware. Si noti inoltre l'assenza del flag "N". Ciò significa "no Snort redirection" (nessun reindirizzamento degli snort):
firepower# show conn 1 in use, 15 most used TCP OUTSIDE 192.168.2.40:80 INSIDE 192.168.1.40:32809, idle 0:00:00, bytes 949584, flags UIOo
Le statistiche di ordinamento mostrano solo gli eventi di registrazione all'inizio e alla fine della sessione:
firepower# show snort statistics Packet Counters: Passed Packets 0 Blocked Packets 0 Injected Packets 0 Packets bypassed (Snort Down) 0 Packets bypassed (Snort Busy) 0 Flow Counters: Fast-Forwarded Flows 0 Blacklisted Flows 0 Miscellaneous Counters: Start-of-Flow events 1 End-of-Flow events 1
I log LINA FTD mostrano che per ciascuna sessione erano presenti due flussi (uno per ogni direzione) scaricati su hardware:
Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-7-609001: Built local-host INSIDE:192.168.1.40 Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-6-302013: Built inbound TCP connection 25384 for INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32809 (192.168.1.40/32809) to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80) Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-6-805001: Offloaded TCP Flow for connection 25384 from INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32809 (192.168.1.40/32809) to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80) Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-6-805001: Offloaded TCP Flow for connection 25384 from OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80) to INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32809 (192.168.1.40/32809) Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-6-805002: TCP Flow is no longer offloaded for connection 25384 from OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80) to INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32809 (192.168.1.40/32809) Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-6-805002: TCP Flow is no longer offloaded for connection 25384 from INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32809 (192.168.1.40/32809) to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80) Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-6-302014: Teardown TCP connection 25384 for INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32809 to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 duration 0:00:00 bytes 1055048 TCP FINs Sep 27 2017 20:16:05: %ASA-7-609002: Teardown local-host INSIDE:192.168.1.40 duration 0:00:00
Flusso di pacchetto con la regola di trust distribuita come azione di trust in LINA. Alcuni pacchetti vengono ispezionati da LINA, gli altri pacchetti vengono trasferiti alla SmartNIC (FP4100/FP9300):

Scenari d'uso
Considerare la topologia:

Per ulteriori informazioni, fare riferimento al criterio di prefiltro FTD:

Criterio distribuito nel motore Snort FTD (file ngfw.rules):
# Start of tunnel and priority rules. # These rules are evaluated by LINA. Only tunnel tags are used from the matched rule id. 268437506 deny any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 any any any (tunnel -1
In LINA:
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 1 remark rule-id 268437506: PREFILTER POLICY: FTD_Prefilter access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 2 remark rule-id 268437506: RULE: Prefilter1 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 3 advanced deny ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268437506 event-log flow-start (hitcnt=0) 0x76476240
Quando si traccia un pacchetto virtuale, questo indica che il pacchetto viene scartato da LINA e non è mai stato inoltrato a Snort:
firepower# packet-tracer input INSIDE icmp 192.168.1.40 8 0 192.168.2.40 … Phase: 4 Type: ACCESS-LIST Subtype: log Result: DROP Config: access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced deny ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268437506 event-log flow-start access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268437506: PREFILTER POLICY: FTD_Prefilter access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268437506: RULE: Prefilter1 Additional Information: Result: input-interface: INSIDE input-status: up input-line-status: up output-interface: OUTSIDE output-status: up output-line-status: up Action: drop Drop-reason: (acl-drop) Flow is denied by configured rule
Le statistiche di Snort mostrano:
firepower# show snort statistics Packet Counters: Passed Packets 0 Blocked Packets 0 Injected Packets 0 Packets bypassed (Snort Down) 0 Packets bypassed (Snort Busy) 0 Flow Counters: Fast-Forwarded Flows 0 Blacklisted Flows 0 Miscellaneous Counters: Start-of-Flow events 0 End-of-Flow events 0 Denied flow events 1
Il comando show ASP drop di LINA mostra:
firepower# show asp drop Frame drop: Flow is denied by configured rule (acl-drop) 1
Scenari d'uso
È possibile utilizzare una regola di blocco del prefiltro quando si desidera bloccare il traffico in base alle condizioni L3/L4 e senza ulteriori ispezioni Snort del traffico.
Prendere in considerazione la regola dei criteri di prefiltro:

Il criterio distribuito nel motore Snort FTD:
268437506 fastpath any any any any any any any any (log dcforward flowend) (tunnel -1)
Nel motore LINA dell'FTD:
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 1 remark rule-id 268437506: PREFILTER POLICY: FTD_Prefilter access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 2 remark rule-id 268437506: RULE: Prefilter1 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 3 advanced trust tcp host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 eq www rule-id 268437506 event-log flow-end (hitcnt=0) 0xf3410b6f
Verificare gli effetti di questa azione.
Quando l'host A (192.168.1.40) tenta di aprire una sessione HTTP sull'host B (192.168.2.40), alcuni pacchetti passano attraverso LINA e gli altri vengono scaricati su SmartNIC. In questo caso, system support trace con firewall-engine-debug abilitato mostra:
> system support trace Please specify an IP protocol: tcp Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.1.40 Please specify a client port: Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.2.40 Please specify a server port: Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: y Monitoring packet tracer debug messages 192.168.1.40-32840 > 192.168.2.40-80 6 AS 1 I 8 Got end of flow event from hardware with flags 04000000
I log LINA mostrano il flusso scaricato:
Oct 01 2017 14:36:51: %ASA-7-609001: Built local-host INSIDE:192.168.1.40 Oct 01 2017 14:36:51: %ASA-7-609001: Built local-host OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40 Oct 01 2017 14:36:51: %ASA-6-302013: Built inbound TCP connection 966 for INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32840 (192.168.1.40/32840) to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80) Oct 01 2017 14:36:51: %ASA-6-805001: Offloaded TCP Flow for connection 966 from INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32840 (192.168.1.40/32840) to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80) Oct 01 2017 14:36:51: %ASA-6-805001: Offloaded TCP Flow for connection 966 from OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80) to INSIDE:192.168.1.40/32840 (192.168.1.40/32840)
Le clip acquisite da LINA mostrano otto pacchetti elaborati attraverso:
firepower# show capture capture CAPI type raw-data buffer 33554432 trace trace-count 100 interface INSIDE [Capturing - 3908 bytes] match ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 capture CAPO type raw-data buffer 33554432 trace trace-count 100 interface OUTSIDE [Capturing - 3908 bytes] match ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40
firepower# show capture CAPI 8 packets captured 1: 14:45:32.700021 192.168.1.40.32842 > 192.168.2.40.80: S 3195173118:3195173118(0) win 2920 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 332569060 0> 2: 14:45:32.700372 192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32842: S 184794124:184794124(0) ack 3195173119 win 2896 <mss 1380,sackOK,timestamp 332567732 332569060> 3: 14:45:32.700540 192.168.1.40.32842 > 192.168.2.40.80: P 3195173119:3195173317(198) ack 184794125 win 2920 <nop,nop,timestamp 332569060 332567732> 4: 14:45:32.700876 192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32842: . 184794125:184795493(1368) ack 3195173317 win 2698 <nop,nop,timestamp 332567733 332569060> 5: 14:45:32.700922 192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32842: P 184795493:184796861(1368) ack 3195173317 win 2698 <nop,nop,timestamp 332567733 332569060> 6: 14:45:32.701425 192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32842: FP 184810541:184810851(310) ack 3195173317 win 2698 <nop,nop,timestamp 332567733 332569061> 7: 14:45:32.701532 192.168.1.40.32842 > 192.168.2.40.80: F 3195173317:3195173317(0) ack 184810852 win 2736 <nop,nop,timestamp 332569061 332567733> 8: 14:45:32.701639 192.168.2.40.80 > 192.168.1.40.32842: . ack 3195173318 win 2697 <nop,nop,timestamp 332567734 332569061>
Le statistiche di flow-offload nell'FTD mostrano 22 pacchetti trasferiti all'hardware:
firepower# show flow-offload statistics
Packet stats of port : 0
Tx Packet count : 22
Rx Packet count : 22
Dropped Packet count : 0
VNIC transmitted packet : 22
VNIC transmitted bytes : 15308
VNIC Dropped packets : 0
VNIC erroneous received : 0
VNIC CRC errors : 0
VNIC transmit failed : 0
VNIC multicast received : 0
È possibile utilizzare il comando show flow-offload flow per visualizzare ulteriori informazioni correlate ai flussi scaricati.
firepower# show flow-offload flow
Total offloaded flow stats: 2 in use, 4 most used, 20% offloaded, 0 collisions
TCP intfc 103 src 192.168.1.40:39301 dest 192.168.2.40:20, static, timestamp 616063741, packets 33240, bytes 2326800
TCP intfc 104 src 192.168.2.40:20 dest 192.168.1.40:39301, static, timestamp 616063760, packets 249140, bytes 358263320
firepower# show conn
5 in use, 5 most used
Inspect Snort:
preserve-connection: 1 enabled, 0 in effect, 4 most enabled, 0 most in effect
TCP OUTSIDE 192.168.2.40:21 INSIDE 192.168.1.40:40988, idle 0:00:00, bytes 723, flags UIO
TCP OUTSIDE 192.168.2.40:21 INSIDE 192.168.1.40:40980, idle 0:02:40, bytes 1086, flags UIO
TCP OUTSIDE 192.168.2.40:80 INSIDE 192.168.1.40:49442, idle 0:00:00, bytes 86348310, flags UIO N1
TCP OUTSIDE 192.168.2.40:20 INSIDE 192.168.1.40:39301, idle 0:00:00, bytes 485268628, flags Uo <- offloaded flow
TCP OUTSIDE 192.168.2.40:20 INSIDE 192.168.1.40:34713, idle 0:02:40, bytes 821799360, flags UFRIO
Per visualizzare tutti i pacchetti su FP4100/9300 che vengono elaborati tramite FTD (offload + LINA), è necessario abilitare l'acquisizione a livello di chassis:

L'acquisizione del backplane dello chassis mostra entrambe le direzioni. A causa dell'architettura di acquisizione FXOS (due punti di acquisizione per direzione), ciascun pacchetto viene mostrato due volte:
Statistiche pacchetti:
Se la piattaforma è diversa da FP4100/FP9300 e tutti i pacchetti vengono gestiti dal motore LINA poiché il flow-offload non è supportato (notare l'assenza del flag o):
FP2100-6# show conn addr 192.168.1.40
33 in use, 123 most used
Inspect Snort:
preserve-connection: 0 enabled, 0 in effect, 2 most enabled, 0 most in effect
TCP OUTSIDE 192.168.2.40:80 INSIDE 192.168.1.40:50890, idle 0:00:09, bytes 175, flags UxIO
Nei syslog di LINA vengono visualizzati solo gli eventi di configurazione e terminazione della connessione:
FP2100-6# show log | i 192.168.2.40 Jun 21 2020 14:29:44: %FTD-6-302013: Built inbound TCP connection 6914 for INSIDE:192.168.1.40/50900 (192.168.11.101/50900) to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 (192.168.2.40/80) Jun 21 2020 14:30:30: %FTD-6-302014: Teardown TCP connection 6914 for INSIDE:192.168.1.40/50900 to OUTSIDE:192.168.2.40/80 duration 0:00:46 bytes 565 TCP FINs from OUTSIDE
Scenari d'uso
Se si applica un'azione Fastpath del criterio Prefiltro al traffico che attraversa un inline-set (interfacce NGIPS), è necessario tenere in considerazione i seguenti punti:
Fare riferimento alla traccia del pacchetto nel caso dell'azione Prefilter Fastpath applicata a un set in linea:
firepower# packet-tracer input inside tcp 192.168.1.40 12345 192.168.1.50 80 detailed Phase: 1 Type: NGIPS-MODE Subtype: ngips-mode Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: The flow ingressed an interface configured for NGIPS mode and NGIPS services will be applied Forward Flow based lookup yields rule: in id=0x2ad7ac48b330, priority=501, domain=ips-mode, deny=false hits=2, user_data=0x2ad80d54abd0, cs_id=0x0, flags=0x0, protocol=0 src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0 input_ifc=inside, output_ifc=any Phase: 2 Type: ACCESS-LIST Subtype: log Result: ALLOW Config: access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced trust ip object 192.168.1.0 object 192.168.1.0 rule-id 268438531 event-log flow-end access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268438531: PREFILTER POLICY: PF1 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268438531: RULE: 1 Additional Information: Forward Flow based lookup yields rule: in id=0x2ad9f9f8a7f0, priority=12, domain=permit, trust hits=1, user_data=0x2ad9b23c5d40, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0 src ip/id=192.168.1.0, mask=255.255.255.0, port=0, tag=any, ifc=any dst ip/id=192.168.1.0, mask=255.255.255.0, port=0, tag=any, ifc=any, vlan=0, dscp=0x0 input_ifc=any, output_ifc=any Phase: 3 Type: NGIPS-EGRESS-INTERFACE-LOOKUP Subtype: Resolve Egress Interface Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Ingress interface inside is in NGIPS inline mode. Egress interface outside is determined by inline-set configuration Phase: 4 Type: FLOW-CREATION Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: New flow created with id 7, packet dispatched to next module Module information for forward flow ... snp_fp_ips_tcp_state_track_lite snp_fp_ips_mode_adj snp_fp_tracer_drop snp_ifc_stat Module information for reverse flow ... snp_fp_ips_tcp_state_track_lite snp_fp_ips_mode_adj snp_fp_tracer_drop snp_ifc_stat Result: input-interface: inside input-status: up input-line-status: up Action: allow
Immagine della rappresentazione visiva del percorso del pacchetto:

Equivale al caso Inline-Set.
Esaminare il criterio di filtro preliminare contenente la regola di analisi:

Il provider di servizi di audioconferenza contiene solo la regola predefinita impostata su Blocca tutto il traffico:

Criterio distribuito nel motore Snort FTD (file ngfw.rules):
# Start of tunnel and priority rules. # These rules are evaluated by LINA. Only tunnel tags are used from the matched rule id. 268435460 allow any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 any any any (tunnel -1) 268435459 allow any any 1025-65535 any any 3544 any 17 (tunnel -1) 268435459 allow any any 3544 any any 1025-65535 any 17 (tunnel -1) 268435459 allow any any any any any any any 47 (tunnel -1) 268435459 allow any any any any any any any 41 (tunnel -1) 268435459 allow any any any any any any any 4 (tunnel -1) # End of tunnel and priority rules. # Start of AC rule. 268435458 deny any any any any any any any any (log dcforward flowstart) # End of AC rule.
Il criterio distribuito nel motore LINA FTD:
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 3 advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460 (hitcnt=0) 0xb788b786
Verificare gli effetti di questa azione.
Il packet-tracer visualizza il pacchetto che è stato autorizzato da LINA, che viene inoltrato al motore Snort (a causa dell'azione di autorizzazione) e il motore Snort restituisce un verdetto di blocco quando l'azione predefinita dall'AC viene abbinata.
Quando si traccia un pacchetto, il risultato è lo stesso:
firepower# packet-tracer input INSIDE icmp 192.168.1.40 8 0 192.168.2.40 ... Phase: 4 Type: ACCESS-LIST Subtype: log Result: ALLOW Config: access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: PREFILTER POLICY: Prefilter_Policy1 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: RULE: Prefilter_Rule1 Additional Information: This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached … Phase: 14 Type: SNORT Subtype: Result: DROP Config: Additional Information: Snort Trace: Packet: ICMP AppID: service ICMP (3501), application unknown (0) Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 8, icmpCode 0 Firewall: block rule, id 268435458, drop Snort: processed decoder alerts or actions queue, drop NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict BLOCKLIST, Blocked by Firewall Snort Verdict: (block-list) block list this flow Result: input-interface: INSIDE input-status: up input-line-status: up output-interface: OUTSIDE output-status: up output-line-status: up Action: drop Drop-reason: (firewall) Blocked by the firewall preprocessor
Se l'obiettivo è quello di consentire al pacchetto di attraversare l'FTD, è necessario aggiungere una regola in ACP. L'azione può essere Consenti o Attendibile, che dipende dall'obiettivo. Se ad esempio si desidera applicare un'ispezione L7, è necessario utilizzare l'azione Consenti:

Il criterio distribuito nel motore Snort FTD:
# Start of AC rule. 268435461 allow any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 any any any 268435458 deny any any any any any any any any (log dcforward flowstart) # End of AC rule.
Nel motore LINA:
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 3 advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460 (hitcnt=1) 0xb788b786
Verificare gli effetti di questa azione.
Il packet-tracer mostra i pacchetti che soddisfano la regola 268435460 in LINA e la regola 268435461 nel motore Snort:
firepower# packet-tracer input INSIDE icmp 192.168.1.40 8 0 192.168.2.40 ... Phase: 4 Type: ACCESS-LIST Subtype: log Result: ALLOW Config: access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: PREFILTER POLICY: Prefilter_Policy1 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: RULE: Prefilter_Rule1 Additional Information: This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached … Phase: 14 Type: SNORT Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Snort Trace: Packet: ICMP AppID: service ICMP (3501), application unknown (0) Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 8, icmpCode 0 Firewall: allow rule, id 268435461, allow NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS Snort Verdict: (pass-packet) allow this packet … Result: input-interface: INSIDE input-status: up input-line-status: up output-interface: OUTSIDE output-status: up output-line-status: up Action: allow
Fare riferimento all'immagine del criterio di filtro preliminare se il punto ACP contiene una regola di attendibilità:

Snort:
# Start of AC rule. 268435461 fastpath any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 any any any 268435458 deny any any any any any any any any (log dcforward flowstart) # End of AC rule.
LINA:
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 3 advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460 (hitcnt=2) 0xb788b786
Tenere presente che, poiché si è abilitato per impostazione predefinita, la regola Trust viene distribuita come azione di autorizzazione su LINA; quindi alcuni pacchetti vengono reindirizzati al motore Snort per l'ispezione.
Verificare gli effetti di questa azione.
Il packet-tracer mostra che lo Snort engine Permit elenca il pacchetto e scarica il flusso rimanente su LINA:
firepower# packet-tracer input INSIDE icmp 192.168.1.40 8 0 192.168.2.40 ... Phase: 4 Type: ACCESS-LIST Subtype: log Result: ALLOW Config: access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: PREFILTER POLICY: Prefilter_Policy1 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: RULE: Prefilter_Rule1 Additional Information: This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached … Phase: 14 Type: SNORT Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Snort Trace: Packet: ICMP AppID: service ICMP (3501), application unknown (0) Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 8, icmpCode 0 Firewall: trust/fastpath rule, id 268435461, allow NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PERMITLIST Snort Verdict: (fast-forward) fast forward this flow … Result: input-interface: INSIDE input-status: up input-line-status: up output-interface: OUTSIDE output-status: up output-line-status: up Action: allow
In questo scenario, la funzionalità SI è stata disabilitata manualmente.
La regola viene distribuita in Snort:
# Start of AC rule. 268435461 fastpath any 192.168.1.40 32 any any 192.168.2.40 32 any any any 268435458 deny any any any any any any any any (log dcforward flowstart) # End of AC rule.
In LINA la regola viene distribuita come attendibilità. Un pacchetto corrisponde alla regola di autorizzazione (controllare i conteggi delle corrispondenze ACE) distribuita a causa della regola Analizza prefiltro e il pacchetto viene ispezionato dal motore Snort:
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 3 advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460 (hitcnt=3) 0xb788b786 ... access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 13 advanced trust ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435461 event-log flow-end (hitcnt=0) 0x5c1346d6 ... access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 16 advanced deny ip any any rule-id 268435458 event-log flow-start (hitcnt=0) 0x97aa021a
Verificare gli effetti di questa azione.
firepower# packet-tracer input INSIDE icmp 192.168.1.40 8 0 192.168.2.40 ... Phase: 4 Type: ACCESS-LIST Subtype: log Result: ALLOW Config: access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip host 192.168.1.40 host 192.168.2.40 rule-id 268435460 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: PREFILTER POLICY: Prefilter_Policy1 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268435460: RULE: Prefilter_Rule1 Additional Information: This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached ... Phase: 14 Type: SNORT Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Snort Trace: Packet: ICMP AppID: service ICMP (3501), application unknown (0) Firewall: starting rule matching, zone -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, sgt 65535, user 9999997, icmpType 8, icmpCode 0 Firewall: trust/fastpath rule, id 268435461, allow NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PERMITLIST Snort Verdict: (fast-forward) fast forward this flow … Result: input-interface: INSIDE input-status: up input-line-status: up output-interface: OUTSIDE output-status: up output-line-status: up Action: allow
Considerazioni principali
Scenari d'uso
Una regola di monitoraggio configurata come appare sull'interfaccia utente dell'FMC:

La regola di monitoraggio viene distribuita sul motore LINA FTD come azione di autorizzazione e sul motore Snort come azione di audit:
firepower# show access-list … access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced permit ip 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.11.0 255.255.255.0 rule-id 268438863 (hitcnt=0) 0x61bbaf0c
La regola Snort:
admin@firepower:~$ cat /var/sf/detection_engines/9e080e5c-adc3-11ea-9d37-44884cf7e9ba/ngfw.rules … # Start of AC rule. 268438863 audit any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.0 24 any any any (log dcforward flowend) # End rule 268438863
Considerazioni principali

L'output di traccia del supporto di sistema indica che i pacchetti soddisfano entrambe le regole:
> system support trace Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: y Please specify an IP protocol: tcp Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.10.50 Please specify a client port: Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.11.50 Please specify a server port: Monitoring packet tracer and firewall debug messages 192.168.10.50-41922 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 419031630 192.168.10.50-41922 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Session: new snort session 192.168.10.50-41922 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) 192.168.10.50-41922 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 19 new firewall session 192.168.10.50-41922 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 19 Starting AC with minimum 2, 'Monitor_Rule', and IPProto first with zone s -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, source sgt type: 0, source sgt tag: 0, ISE sgt id: 0, dest sgt type: 0, ISE dest sgt tag: 0, svc 0, payload 0, client 0, misc 0, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0 192.168.10.50-41922 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 19 match rule order 2, 'Monitor_Rule', action Audit 192.168.10.50-41922 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 19 match rule order 3, 'trust_L3-L4', action Trust 192.168.10.50-41922 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 19 MidRecovery data sent for rule id: 268438858,rule_action:3, rev id:1078 02206, rule_match flag:0x2
Scenari d'uso
Utilizzato per monitorare l'attività di rete e generare un evento di connessione.
Una regola di blocco interattivo configurata sull'interfaccia utente dell'FMC:

La regola di blocco interattivo viene distribuita sul motore LINA FTD come azione di autorizzazione e sul motore Snort come regola di bypass:
firepower# show access-list … access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 9 remark rule-id 268438864: L7 RULE: Inter-Block-Rule1 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced permit tcp 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 host 192.168.11.50 eq www rule-id 268438864 (hitcnt=3) 0xba785fc0 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 11 remark rule-id 268438865: ACCESS POLICY: ACP1 - Mandatory access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 12 remark rule-id 268438865: L7 RULE: Inter-Block_Rule2 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 13 advanced permit ip 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 host 192.168.11.51 rule-id 268438865 (hitcnt=0) 0x622350d0
Motore Snort:
admin@firepower:~$ cat /var/sf/detection_engines/9e080e5c-adc3-11ea-9d37-44884cf7e9ba/ngfw.rules … # Start of AC rule. 268438864 bypass any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.50 32 80 any 6 # End rule 268438864 268438865 bypass any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.51 32 any any any (appid 676:1) (ip_protos 6, 17) # End rule 268438865
La regola di blocco interattivo richiede all'utente di non consentire la destinazione:

Per impostazione predefinita, il firewall consente di ignorare il blocco per 600 secondi:

Nell'output di analisi del supporto di sistema, è possibile notare che inizialmente il firewall blocca il traffico e visualizza la pagina di blocco:
> system support trace … 192.168.10.52-58717 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 983273680, ack 2014879580 192.168.10.52-58717 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0) 192.168.10.52-58717 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 22 Starting AC with minimum 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', and IPProto first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, source sgt type: 0, sgt tag: 0, ISE sgt id: 0, dest sgt type: 0, ISE dest_sgt_tag: 0, svc 676, payload 0, client 589, misc 0, user 9999997, min url-cat-list 0-0-0, url http://192.168.11.50/, xff 192.168.10.52-58717 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 22 match rule order 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', action Interactive 192.168.10.52-58717 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 22 bypass action sending HTTP interactive response of 1093 bytes 192.168.10.52-58717 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: interactive block rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', drop 192.168.10.52-58717 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort: processed decoder alerts or actions queue, drop 192.168.10.52-58717 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 22 deleting firewall session flags = 0x800, fwFlags = 0x1002 192.168.10.52-58717 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 22, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict BLACKLIST 192.168.10.52-58717 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 ===> Blocked by Firewall Verdict reason is sent to DAQ
Dopo aver selezionato Continue (o aggiornato la pagina del browser), il debug mostra i pacchetti consentiti dalla stessa regola, che imita un'azione Allow:
192.168.10.52-58718 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 1357413630, ack 2607625293 192.168.10.52-58718 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0) 192.168.10.52-58718 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 8 Starting AC with minimum 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', and IPProto first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, source sgt type: 0, sgt tag: 0, ISE sgt id: 0, dest sgt type: 0, ISE dest_sgt_tag: 0, svc 676, payload 0, client 589, misc 0, user 9999997, min url-cat-list 0-0-0, url http://192.168.11.50/, xff 192.168.10.52-58718 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 8 match rule order 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', action Interactive 192.168.10.52-58718 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 8 bypass action interactive bypass 192.168.10.52-58718 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 8 allow action 192.168.10.52-58718 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: allow rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', allow 192.168.10.52-58718 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: interactive bypass rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', allow 192.168.10.52-58718 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 8, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS
Scenari d'uso
Mostra una pagina di avviso agli utenti Web e fornisci loro l'opzione per continuare.
La regola di blocco interattivo con reset configurata sull'interfaccia utente dell'FMC:

Il blocco interattivo con una regola di reimpostazione viene distribuito sul motore LINA FTD come azione di autorizzazione e sul motore Snort come regola di reimpostazione:
firepower# show access-list … access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 9 remark rule-id 268438864: L7 RULE: Inter-Block-Rule1 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 10 advanced permit tcp 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 host 192.168.11.50 eq www rule-id 268438864 (hitcnt=13) 0xba785fc0 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 11 remark rule-id 268438865: ACCESS POLICY: ACP1 - Mandatory access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 12 remark rule-id 268438865: L7 RULE: Inter-Block_Rule2 access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ line 13 advanced permit ip 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 host 192.168.11.51 rule-id 268438865 (hitcnt=0) 0x622350d0
Motore Snort:
# Start of AC rule. 268438864 intreset any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.50 32 80 any 6 # End rule 268438864 268438865 intreset any 192.168.10.0 24 any any 192.168.11.51 32 any any any (appid 676:1) (ip_protos 6, 17) # End rule 268438865
Analogamente al comando Blocca con Reimposta, l'utente può selezionare l'opzione Continua:

Nel debug Snort, l'azione mostrata in Ripristino interattivo.
> system support trace Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: y Please specify an IP protocol: tcp Please specify a client IP address: 192.168.10.52 Please specify a client port: Please specify a server IP address: 192.168.11.50 Please specify a server port: Monitoring packet tracer and firewall debug messages 192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, SYN, seq 3232128039 192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Session: new snort session 192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) 192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 new firewall session 192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 Starting AC with minimum 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', and IPProto first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0 -> 0, vlan 0, source sgt type: 0, source sgt tag: 0, ISE sgt id: 0, dest sgt type: 0, ISE dest sgt tag: 0, svc 0, payload 0, client 0, misc 0, user 9999997, icmpType 0, icmpCode 0 192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 match rule order 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', action Interactive Reset 192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 MidRecovery data sent for rule id: 268438864,rule_action:8, rev id:1099034206, rule_match flag:0x0 192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 HitCount data sent for rule id: 268438864, 192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 24, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS 192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58958 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, SYN, ACK, seq 2228213518, ack 3232128040 192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58958 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) 192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58958 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 24, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS 192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 3232128040, ack 2228213519 192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service unknown (0), application unknown (0) 192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 24, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS 192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 3232128040, ack 2228213519 192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0) 192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 Starting AC with minimum 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', and IPProto first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, source sgt type: 0, sgt tag: 0, ISE sgt id: 0, dest sgt type: 0, ISE dest_sgt_tag: 0, svc 676, payload 0, client 589, misc 0, user 9999997, min url-cat-list 0-0-0, url http://192.168.11.50/, xff 192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 match rule order 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', action Interactive Reset 192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 bypass action sending HTTP interactive response of 1093 bytes 192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: interactive block rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', drop 192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort: processed decoder alerts or actions queue, drop 192.168.10.52-58958 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 24 deleting firewall session flags = 0x800, fwFlags = 0x1002 192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 24, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict BLACKLIST 192.168.10.52-58958 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 ===> Blocked by Firewall Verdict reason is sent to DAQ
La pagina di blocco viene visualizzata all'utente finale. Se l'utente seleziona Continua (o aggiorna la pagina Web), viene soddisfatta la stessa regola, che consente il traffico attraverso:
192.168.10.52-58962 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 1593478294, ack 3135589307 192.168.10.52-58962 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0) 192.168.10.52-58962 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 14 Starting AC with minimum 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', and IPProto first with zones -1 -> -1, geo 0(0) -> 0, vlan 0, source sgt type: 0, sgt tag: 0, ISE sgt id: 0, dest sgt type: 0, ISE dest_sgt_tag: 0, svc 676, payload 0, client 589, misc 0, user 9999997, min url-cat-list 0-0-0, url http://192.168.11.50/, xff 192.168.10.52-58962 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 14 match rule order 2, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', action Interactive Reset 192.168.10.52-58962 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 14 bypass action interactive bypass 192.168.10.52-58962 > 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 I 14 allow action 192.168.10.52-58962 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: allow rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', allow 192.168.10.52-58962 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: interactive bypass rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', allow 192.168.10.52-58962 - 192.168.11.50-80 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 14, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS 192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58962 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Packet: TCP, ACK, seq 3135589307, ack 1593478786 192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58962 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 AppID: service HTTP (676), application unknown (0) 192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58962 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: allow rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', allow 192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58962 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Firewall: interactive bypass rule, 'Inter-Block-Rule1', allow 192.168.11.50-80 - 192.168.10.52-58962 6 AS 1-1 CID 0 Snort id 14, NAP id 1, IPS id 0, Verdict PASS
La regola di blocco interattivo con reset invia una richiesta TCP RST al traffico non Web:
firepower# show cap CAPI | i 11.50 2: 22:13:33.112954 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.40010 > 192.168.11.50.21: S 3109534920:3109534920(0) win 29200 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 3745225378 0,nop,wscale 7> 3: 22:13:33.113626 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.21 > 192.168.10.50.40010: S 3422362500:3422362500(0) ack 3109534921 win 8192 <mss 1380,nop,wscale 8,sackOK,timestamp 53252448 3745225378> 4: 22:13:33.113824 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.40010 > 192.168.11.50.21: . ack 3422362501 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3745225379 53252448> 5: 22:13:33.114953 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.21 > 192.168.10.50.40010: P 3422362501:3422362543(42) ack 3109534921 win 256 <nop,nop,timestamp 53252448 3745225379> 6: 22:13:33.114984 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.21 > 192.168.10.50.40010: P 3422362543:3422362549(6) ack 3109534921 win 256 <nop,nop,timestamp 53252448 3745225379> 7: 22:13:33.114984 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.21 > 192.168.10.50.40010: P 3422362549:3422362570(21) ack 3109534921 win 256 <nop,nop,timestamp 53252448 3745225379> 8: 22:13:33.115182 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.40010 > 192.168.11.50.21: . ack 3422362543 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3745225381 53252448> 9: 22:13:33.115411 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.40010 > 192.168.11.50.21: . ack 3422362549 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3745225381 53252448> 10: 22:13:33.115426 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.40010 > 192.168.11.50.21: . ack 3422362570 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3745225381 53252448> 12: 22:13:34.803699 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.10.50.40010 > 192.168.11.50.21: P 3109534921:3109534931(10) ack 3422362570 win 229 <nop,nop,timestamp 3745227069 53252448> 13: 22:13:34.804523 802.1Q vlan#202 P0 192.168.11.50.21 > 192.168.10.50.40010: R 3422362570:3422362570(0) ack 3109534931 win 0
Nelle versioni precedenti (ad esempio 6.2.2, 6.2.3), il motore Snort non apre i fori per le connessioni secondarie (ad esempio, i dati FTD) o quando si utilizza l'azione Trust. Nelle versioni più recenti, questo comportamento è cambiato e il motore Snort apre dei fori anche con l'azione Trust.
firepower# show access-list | include elements access-list CSM_FW_ACL_; 7 elements; name hash: 0x4a69e3f3
Azioni della policy di prefiltro

Azioni della policy ACP

| Revisione | Data di pubblicazione | Commenti |
|---|---|---|
5.0 |
05-Jun-2026
|
Testo alternativo, ortografia, grammatica, struttura della frase e spaziatura aggiornati. |
4.0 |
24-Mar-2025
|
È stata aggiunta una nota di avvertenza sull'utilizzo di 'traccia supporto di sistema' |
3.0 |
16-Aug-2024
|
Formattazione, requisiti di stile e grammatica aggiornati. |
2.0 |
29-Sep-2022
|
Aggiornato per traduzione automatica, requisiti di stile, gerund, SEO, lingua e grammatica di parte. |
1.0 |
19-Oct-2017
|
Versione iniziale |