Advisory ID: cisco-sa-20090923-ipsec
http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20090923-ipsec
Revision 1.2
For Public Release 2009 September 23 16:00 UTC (GMT)
Contents
Summary
Affected Products
Details
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Impact
Software Versions and Fixes
Workarounds
Obtaining Fixed Software
Exploitation and Public Announcements
Status of this Notice: Final
Distribution
Revision History
Cisco Security Procedures
Summary
Cisco IOS® devices that are configured for Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol and certificate based authentication are vulnerable to a resource exhaustion attack. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may result in the allocation of all available Phase 1 security associations (SA) and prevent the establishment of new IPsec sessions.
Cisco has released free software updates that address this vulnerability.
This advisory is posted at http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20090923-ipsec.
Note: The September 23, 2009, Cisco IOS Security Advisory bundled publication includes eleven Security Advisories. Ten of the advisories address vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS Software, and one advisory addresses a vulnerability in Cisco Unified Communications Manager. Each advisory lists the releases that correct the vulnerability or vulnerabilities detailed in the advisory.
Individual publication links are in "Cisco Event Response: Semiannual Cisco IOS Software Advisory Bundled Publication" at the following link:
http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/Cisco_ERP_sep09.html
Affected Products
Cisco IOS devices that are configured for IKE and certificate based authentication are affected, if there are RSA keys present on the device.
Vulnerable Products
IKE is enabled by default if IPsec is used. Cisco IOS devices that are configured for IKE will listen on UDP port 500, UDP port 4500 if the device is configured for NAT Traversal (NAT-T), or UDP ports 848 or 4848 if the device is configured for Group Domain of Interpretation (GDOI). The following outputs show a router that is listening on UDP port 500:
Router#show ip sockets Proto Remote Port Local Port In Out Stat TTY OutputIF .... 17 --listen-- 192.168.66.129 500 0 0 11 0 ....
Or
Router-#show udp Proto Remote Port Local Port In Out Stat TTY OutputIF 17 --listen-- 192.0.2.1 500 0 0 1011 0 17(v6) --listen-- --any-- 500 0 0 20011 0 Router#
IKE configurations that are performing certificate based authentication will display Rivest-Shamir-Adleman Signature as the authentication method in the output of the show crypto isakmp policy command. This output is shown in the following example:
Router#show crypto isakmp policy
Global IKE policy
Default protection suite
encryption algorithm: DES - Data Encryption Standard (56 bit keys).
hash algorithm: Secure Hash Standard
authentication method: Rivest-Shamir-Adleman Signature
Diffie-Hellman group: #1 (768 bit)
lifetime: 86400 seconds, no volume limit
The show crypto key mypubkey rsa command can be used to check whether there are RSA keys present on the system. This output is shown in the following example:
Router#show crypto key mypubkey rsa % Key pair was generated at: 06:07:49 UTC Jan 13 1996 Key name: myrouter.example.com Usage: Signature Key Key Data: 005C300D 06092A86 4886F70D 01010105 00034B00 30480241 00C5E23B 55D6AB22 04AEF1BA A54028A6 9ACC01C5 129D99E4 64CAB820 847EDAD9 DF0B4E4C 73A05DD2 BD62A8A9 FA603DD2 E2A8A6F8 98F76E28 D58AD221 B583D7A4 71020301 0001 % Key pair was generated at: 06:07:50 UTC Jan 13 1996 Key name: myrouter.example.com Usage: Encryption Key Key Data: 00302017 4A7D385B 1234EF29 335FC973 2DD50A37 C4F4B0FD 9DADE748 429618D5 18242BA3 2EDFBDD3 4296142A DDF7D3D8 08407685 2F2190A0 0B43F1BD 9A8A26DB 07953829 791FCDE9 A98420F0 6A82045B 90288A26 DBC64468 7789F76E EE21
To determine the Cisco IOS Software release that is running on a Cisco product, administrators can log in to the device and issue the show version command to display the system banner. The system banner confirms that the device is running Cisco IOS Software by displaying text similar to "Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software" or "Cisco IOS Software." The image name displays in parentheses, followed by "Version" and the Cisco IOS Software release name. Other Cisco devices do not have the show version command or may provide different output.
The following example identifies a Cisco 6500 Series device that is running Cisco IOS Software release 12.2(18)SXF7 with an installed image name of s72033_rp-IPSERVICESK9_WAN-M:
Router#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) s72033_rp Software (s72033_rp-IPSERVICESK9_WAN-M), Version 12.2(18)SXF7, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport Copyright ©) 1986-2006 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Thu 23-Nov-06 06:42 by kellythw <output truncated>
Additional information about Cisco IOS Software release naming conventions is available in "White Paper: Cisco IOS Reference Guide" at the following link: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/620/1.html.
Products Confirmed Not Vulnerable
Cisco IOS XR Software is not affected by this vulnerability.
No other Cisco products are currently known to be affected by this vulnerability.
Details
IPsec is an IP security feature that provides robust authentication and encryption of IP packets. IKE is a key management protocol standard that is used in conjunction with the IPsec standard.
IKE is a hybrid protocol that implements the Oakley and SKEME key exchanges inside the Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) framework. (ISAKMP, Oakley, and SKEME are security protocols that are implemented by IKE.). More information on IKE is available at the following link:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_1/security/configuration/guide/scdike.html
A vulnerability exists in the IKE implementation of Cisco IOS Software, if the certificate based authentication method is used. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may result in the allocation of all available Phase 1 SAs, which may prevent new IPSec sessions from being established.
Administrators can view Phase 1 SAs that are allocated as a result of exploitation by issuing the show crypto isakmp sa command. The following example displays sample output for this command:
Router#show crypto isakmp sa IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA dst src state conn-id slot status 10.48.66.77 10.48.66.6 MM_KEY_EXCH 1004 ACTIVE 10.48.66.77 10.48.66.6 MM_KEY_EXCH 1003 ACTIVE 10.48.66.77 10.48.66.6 MM_KEY_EXCH 1002 ACTIVE ....
Any allocated SA can be de-allocated up manually by using the clear crypto isakmp <conn-ID> command.
This vulnerability is addressed by the Cisco Bug IDs CSCsy07555 (registered customers only) and CSCee72997 (registered customers only) and has been assigned Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) ID CVE-2009-2868.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Cisco has provided scores for the vulnerabilities in this advisory based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). The CVSS scoring in this Security Advisory is done in accordance with CVSS version 2.0.
CVSS is a standards-based scoring method that conveys vulnerability severity and helps determine urgency and priority of response.
Cisco has provided a base and temporal score. Customers can then compute environmental scores to assist in determining the impact of the vulnerability in individual networks.
Cisco has provided an FAQ to answer additional questions regarding CVSS at
http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/cvss-qandas.html .
Cisco has also provided a CVSS calculator to help compute the environmental impact for individual networks at
http://intellishield.cisco.com/security/alertmanager/cvss .
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CSCsy07555 - P1 SA stuck in KEY_EXCH forever Calculate the environmental score of CSCsy07555 |
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CVSS Base Score - 7.8 |
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Access Vector |
Access Complexity |
Authentication |
Confidentiality Impact |
Integrity Impact |
Availability Impact |
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Network |
Low |
None |
None |
None |
Complete |
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CVSS Temporal Score - 6.4 |
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Exploitability |
Remediation Level |
Report Confidence |
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Functional |
Official-Fix |
Confirmed |
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CSCee72997 - P1 SA stuck in KEY_EXCH forever Calculate the environmental score of CSCee72997 |
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CVSS Base Score - 7.8 |
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Access Vector |
Access Complexity |
Authentication |
Confidentiality Impact |
Integrity Impact |
Availability Impact |
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Network |
Low |
None |
None |
None |
Complete |
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CVSS Temporal Score - 6.4 |
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Exploitability |
Remediation Level |
Report Confidence |
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Functional |
Official-Fix |
Confirmed |
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Impact
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may result in the allocation of all available Phase 1 SAs, which may prevent new IPsec sessions from being established.
Software Versions and Fixes
When considering software upgrades, also consult http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt and any subsequent advisories to determine exposure and a complete upgrade solution.
In all cases, customers should exercise caution to be certain the devices to be upgraded contain sufficient memory and that current hardware and software configurations will continue to be supported properly by the new release. If the information is not clear, contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) or your contracted maintenance provider for assistance.
Each row of the Cisco IOS software table (below) names a Cisco IOS release train. If a given release train is vulnerable, then the earliest possible releases that contain the fix (along with the anticipated date of availability for each, if applicable) are listed in the "First Fixed Release" column of the table. The "Recommended Release" column indicates the releases which have fixes for all the published vulnerabilities at the time of this Advisory. A device running a release in the given train that is earlier than the release in a specific column (less than the First Fixed Release) is known to be vulnerable. Cisco recommends upgrading to a release equal to or later than the release in the "Recommended Releases" column of the table.
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Major Release |
Availability of Repaired Releases |
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Affected 12.0-Based Releases |
First Fixed Release |
Recommended Release |
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There are no affected 12.0 based releases |
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Affected 12.1-Based Releases |
First Fixed Release |
Recommended Release |
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There are no affected 12.1 based releases |
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Affected 12.2-Based Releases |
First Fixed Release |
Recommended Release |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Releases prior to 12.2(44)EX are vulnerable, release 12.2(44)EX and later are not vulnerable; migrate to any release in 12.2SEG |
12.2(50)SE3 12.2(52)SE; Available on 13-OCT-2009 |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.2SRD |
12.2(33)SRD3 |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.2SRD |
12.2(33)SRD3 |
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Vulnerable; Contact your support organization per the instructions in Obtaining Fixed Software section of this advisory |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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12.2(33)SB6 |
12.2(31)SB16 12.2(33)SB7 |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.2SCB |
12.2(33)SCB4 |
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12.2(33)SCB4 |
12.2(33)SCB4 |
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12.2(50)SE3 12.2(52)SE; Available on 13-OCT-2009 |
12.2(50)SE3 12.2(52)SE; Available on 13-OCT-2009 |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.2SRD |
12.2(33)SRD3 |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.2SRD |
12.2(33)SRD3 |
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12.2(33)SRC5; Available on 29-OCT-2009 |
12.2(33)SRD3 |
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12.2(33)SRD3 12.2(33)SRD2a |
12.2(33)SRD3 |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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12.2(33)SXH6; Available on 30-OCT-2009 Please see IOS Software Modularity Patch |
12.2(33)SXH6; Available on 30-OCT-2009 |
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12.2(33)SXI2a |
12.2(33)SXI2a |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Please see Cisco IOS-XE Software Availability |
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Please see Cisco IOS-XE Software Availability |
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Please see Cisco IOS-XE Software Availability |
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Please see Cisco IOS-XE Software Availability |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Affected 12.3-Based Releases |
First Fixed Release |
Recommended Release |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4 Releases up to and including 12.3(8)T11 are not vulnerable. |
12.4(25b) 12.4(23b) |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4 |
12.4(25b) 12.4(23b) |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4 |
12.4(25b) 12.4(23b) |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4 |
12.4(25b) 12.4(23b) |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4 |
12.4(25b) 12.4(23b) |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Vulnerable; migrate to any release in 12.4XN |
12.4(15)XR7 12.4(22)XR |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Vulnerable; migrate to any release in 12.4XN |
12.4(15)XR7 12.4(22)XR |
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Vulnerable; Contact your support organization per the instructions in Obtaining Fixed Software section of this advisory |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Affected 12.4-Based Releases |
First Fixed Release |
Recommended Release |
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Releases prior to 12.4(7) are vulnerable; Releases 12.4(7a) and later are not vulnerable. |
12.4(25b) 12.4(23b) |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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12.4(4)T8 12.4(9)T 12.4(6)T1 |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Vulnerable; first fixed in 12.4T |
12.4(15)T10 12.4(20)T4 12.4(22)T3 12.4(24)T2; Available on 23-OCT-2009 |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Cisco IOS XE Software
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Cisco IOS XE Software Release |
First Fixed Release |
|---|---|
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2.3.0t |
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2.3.0t |
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Not Vulnerable |
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Not Vulnerable |
Cisco IOS Software Modularity - Maintenance Packs
Customers who are using Cisco IOS Software Modularity can apply the respective maintenance packs. More information on Cisco IOS Software Modularity can be found at the following link: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/switches/ps5718/ps708/prod_bulletin0900aecd80313e15.html
The Maintenance Packs listed below can be downloaded at http://www.cisco.com/go/pn
Cisco IOS Software Modularity Maintenance Pack for 12.2SXH
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Cisco IOS Software Release |
Solution Maintenance Pack(MP) |
|---|---|
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12.2(33)SXH5 |
MP001 |
Workarounds
If RSA keys are not needed on the system, the crypto key zeroize rsa command can be used to delete all RSA keys from your system. Note that this will break all features that are using RSA keys, including the Secure Shell (SSH).
Additional mitigations that can be deployed on Cisco devices in the network are available in the Cisco Applied Mitigation Bulletin companion document for this advisory, which is available at the following link:http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoAppliedMitigationBulletin/cisco-amb-20090923-ipsec
Obtaining Fixed Software
Cisco has released free software updates that address these vulnerabilities. Prior to deploying software, customers should consult their maintenance provider or check the software for feature set compatibility and known issues specific to their environment.
Customers may only install and expect support for the feature sets they have purchased. By installing, downloading, accessing or otherwise using such software upgrades, customers agree to be bound by the terms of Cisco's software license terms found at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/warranty/English/EU1KEN_.html , or as otherwise set forth at Cisco.com Downloads at http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/sw-usingswc.shtml .
Do not contact psirt@cisco.com or security-alert@cisco.com for software upgrades.
Customers with Service Contracts
Customers with contracts should obtain upgraded software through their regular update channels. For most customers, this means that upgrades should be obtained through the Software Center on Cisco's worldwide website at http://www.cisco.com.
Customers with Service Contracts
Customers using Third Party Support Organizations
Customers whose Cisco products are provided or maintained through prior or existing agreements with third-party support organizations, such as Cisco Partners, authorized resellers, or service providers should contact that support organization for guidance and assistance with the appropriate course of action in regards to this advisory.
The effectiveness of any workaround or fix is dependent on specific customer situations, such as product mix, network topology, traffic behavior, and organizational mission. Due to the variety of affected products and releases, customers should consult with their service provider or support organization to ensure any applied workaround or fix is the most appropriate for use in the intended network before it is deployed.
Customers without Service Contracts
Customers who purchase direct from Cisco but do not hold a Cisco service contract, and customers who purchase through third-party vendors but are unsuccessful in obtaining fixed software through their point of sale should acquire upgrades by contacting the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC). TAC contacts are as follows.
- +1 800 553 2447 (toll free from within North America)
- +1 408 526 7209 (toll call from anywhere in the world)
- e-mail: tac@cisco.com
Customers should have their product serial number available and be prepared to give the URL of this notice as evidence of entitlement to a free upgrade. Free upgrades for non-contract customers must be requested through the TAC.
Refer to http://www.cisco.com/en/US/support/tsd_cisco_worldwide_contacts.html for additional TAC contact information, including localized telephone numbers, and instructions and e-mail addresses for use in various languages.
Exploitation and Public Announcements
The Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability described in this advisory.
This vulnerability was reported to Cisco by a customer.
Status of this Notice: Final
THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND DOES NOT IMPLY ANY KIND OF GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. YOUR USE OF THE INFORMATION ON THE DOCUMENT OR MATERIALS LINKED FROM THE DOCUMENT IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. CISCO RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE OR UPDATE THIS DOCUMENT AT ANY TIME.
A stand-alone copy or Paraphrase of the text of this document that omits the distribution URL in the following section is an uncontrolled copy, and may lack important information or contain factual errors.
Distribution
This advisory is posted on Cisco's worldwide website at :
http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20090923-ipsec
In addition to worldwide web posting, a text version of this notice is clear-signed with the Cisco PSIRT PGP key and is posted to the following e-mail and Usenet news recipients.
- cust-security-announce@cisco.com
- first-bulletins@lists.first.org
- bugtraq@securityfocus.com
- vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org
- cisco@spot.colorado.edu
- cisco-nsp@puck.nether.net
- full-disclosure@lists.grok.org.uk
- comp.dcom.sys.cisco@newsgate.cisco.com
Future updates of this advisory, if any, will be placed on Cisco's worldwide website, but may or may not be actively announced on mailing lists or newsgroups. Users concerned about this problem are encouraged to check the above URL for any updates.
Revision History
|
Revision 1.2 |
2009-October-19 |
Updated ION software table. |
|
Revision 1.1 |
2009-October-02 |
Added crypto key zeroize rsa command as a workaround. |
|
Revision 1.0 |
2009-September-23 |
Initial public release |
Cisco Security Procedures
Complete information on reporting security vulnerabilities in Cisco products, obtaining assistance with security incidents, and registering to receive security information from Cisco, is available on Cisco's worldwide website at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.html. This includes instructions for press inquiries regarding Cisco security notices. All Cisco security advisories are available at http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt.