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Table Of Contents
Installing and Removing the CompactFlash Disk
Enabling Booting from a CompactFlash Disk
Making a CompactFlash Disk-Based Software Image the Bootable Software Image
Using the CompactFlash Disk
This appendix provides basic instructions for working with a CompactFlash Disk in your system. Detailed descriptions of more complex CompactFlash Disk options and the Cisco IOS File System feature are beyond the scope of this publication and can be found in the following Cisco IOS Release 12.x publications:
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Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide, in the chapter "File Management"
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This appendix includes the following sections:
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Product Description
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CompactFlash Disks are Flash memory-based devices that conform to the PC Card (formerly PCMCIA) standard, and that present an AT Attachment (ATA) interface to the system. This interface complies with the ANSI ATA Interface Document X3T13.1153 D Rev. 9 specification.
The CompactFlash Disk is more flexible than linear Flash memory because the CompactFlash Disk has controller circuitry that allows it to emulate a hard disk and that automatically maps out bad blocks and performs automatic block erasure. Further, the CompactFlash Disk provides the capability to allocate noncontiguous sectors, which eliminates the need for the squeeze command (previously required with linear Flash memory cards).
The CompactFlash Disk is a Type-2 PC Card device. This section provides the external CompactFlash Disk installation procedures. The internal CompactFlash Disk is not field replaceable.
The CompactFlash Disk provides increased Flash-based memory space for storage of system configuration files, Cisco IOS software images, and other types of system-related files. Table A-6 provides memory information for the CompactFlash Disk.
The Cisco IOS File System feature provides a single interface to all file systems your system uses:
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A complete discussion of the Cisco IOS File System feature is beyond the scope of this publication. For information about this feature, refer to the Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide and Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference publications for Cisco IOS Release 12.x. These publications are available online and elsewhere. For information on obtaining Cisco documentation, see the "Obtaining Documentation" section.
For CompactFlash Disk configuration information, see the "Processor and Memory Specifications and Configurations" section.
Installing and Removing the CompactFlash Disk
The NSE-100, NSE-150, and NPE-G100 support a CompactFlash Disk in the CompactFlash Disk slot (disk0:) Use the following procedure to install and eject the CompactFlash Disk.
Figure C-1 Installing and Ejecting a CompactFlash Disk
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The CompactFlash Disk is keyed and cannot be seated the wrong way. The ejector button does not pop out if the CompactFlash Disk is not completely inserted.
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To eject a CompactFlash Disk, press the ejector button—located to the right of the slot— until the compact Flash Disk is free of the connector at the rear of the CompactFlash Disk slot.
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This completes the procedure for installing and removing a CompactFlash Disk.
Software Command Overview
This section lists some of the basic software commands you can use with the CompactFlash Disk. Examples of these commands are included in the sections that follow.
The CompactFlash Disk and other memory devices and locations in your system are defined as file systems, which are locations where you can store, use, or retrieve files and software images. (See the brief discussion about the Cisco IOS File System feature in the "Product Description" section.)
Table C-1 lists the software commands that you can use with the CompactFlash Disk.
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For a discussion of additional command arguments, refer to the Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference document, in the chapter "File Management Commands."
Using Software Commands
This section provides examples of some of the basic software commands you can use with the CompactFlash Disk. See Table C-1 for optional arguments you can use with some of the following commands:
Using the show Command
To display information about CompactFlash Disk format and geometry, use the show [disk0:] command:
System# show disk0:******** ATA Flash Card Geometry/Format Info ********ATA CARD GEOMETRYNumber of Heads: 16Number of Cylinders 840Sectors per Cylinder 32Sector Size 512Total Sectors 430080ATA CARD FORMATNumber of FAT Sectors 105Sectors Per Cluster 16Number of Clusters 26822Number of Data Sectors 429536Base Root Sector 338Base FAT Sector 128Base Data Sector 370Router#In this example:
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Using the pwd Command
To determine which CompactFlash Disk slot you are accessing, use the pwd command:
System# pwddisk0:/System#The preceding example indicates that you are currently in the working directory called disk0:, which is the CompactFlash Disk.
Using the cd Command
To move back and forth between installed CompactFlash Disks, use the cd command by defining a specific path name. Then to verify your working directory, use the pwd command:
System# cd disk0:System# pwddisk0:/You can also move up (or back) one level in the CompactFlash Disk directory hierarchy by using the cd .. command, and then verify your working directory with the pwd command:
System# pwddisk0:daily_dir/System# cd ..System# pwddisk0:/System#Using the dir Command
To list the directory structure and contents of the CompactFlash Disk from which you are currently working, use the dir command with no arguments:
System# dirDirectory of disk0:/1 drw- 0 Jul 25 2002 10:23:11 daily_dir2 drw- 0 Jul 25 2002 10:28:37 access_lists64755200 bytes total (64742912 bytes free)System#Note that the size of the CompactFlash Disk is shown in the output of the dir command. (A 64-MB CompactFlash Disk is shown in this example.) You can also view the contents of other directories and file systems using specific optional arguments with the dir command. (See Table C-1.)
Using the format Command
To format a new CompactFlash Disk, use the format [disk0: ] command.
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Caution
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Use the following procedure to format a new CompactFlash Disk using the format command. (The procedure assumes you have already booted your system.)
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System# format disk0:Format operation may take a while. Continue? [confirm]Format operation will destroy all data in `disk0:'. Continue? [confirm]Format:Drive communication & 1st Sector Write OK...Writing Monlibsectors..................................................................Monlib write completeFormat:All system sectors written. OK...Format:Total sectors in formatted partition:81760Format:Total bytes in formatted partition:49861120Format:Operation completed successfully.Format of disk0:completeThe new CompactFlash Disk is now formatted and ready to use in the system on which you formatted it.
Using the copy Command
To copy an image from a CompactFlash Disk to another file system or from another file system to the CompactFlash Disk, use the copy command:
copy [tftp: | disk0:] source-filename [tftp: | disk0:] destination-filename
In this example:
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You do not need to change the filename; this is an option.
The following assumptions are made for this command:
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An Ethernet interface is used in the examples that follow.
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Use the following procedure to copy a file (called new.image in this example) located on a CompactFlash Disk—called disk0:—to the CompactFlash Disk—called bootdisk:
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System> enablePassword:System# copy disk0:new.image bootdisk:new.image3393 bytes copied in 0.548 secs#System#In the preceding example, the 3393-byte file new.image was copied to the CompactFlash Disk in approximately one-half second.
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System# pwddisk0:/System# dirDirectory of disk0:/1 -rw- 3393 Jul 26 1998 17:44:47 new.image48755200 bytes total (48747008 bytes free)System#
Using the mkdir Command
To create a directory on the CompactFlash Disk, use the mkdir command. The following example shows how to create a directory called daily_dir on the CompactFlash Disk, and then verify that it was created:
System# mkdir disk0:daily_dirCreated dir disk0:daily_dirSystem# dirDirectory of disk0:/1 drw- 0 Jul 25 1998 10:15:43 daily_dir48755200 bytes total (48751104 bytes free)System#
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For example, if you placed the file itsa.file into the directory daily_dir on the CompactFlash Disk in disk0:, you must designate the entire directory path as follows: disk0:daily_dir/itsa.file. Otherwise, the system might not be able to locate this file.
Using the rmdir Command
To remove a directory from the CompactFlash Disk, use the rmdir command. The following example shows how to remove the directory daily_dir from the CompactFlash Disk in disk0:, and then verify that it was removed:
System# rmdir disk0:daily_dirDelete disk0:daily_dir? [confirm] yRemoved dir disk0:daily_dirSystem# dirDirectory of disk0:/No files in directory.48755200 bytes total (48751104 bytes free)System#Using the delete Command
To delete a file from a CompactFlash Disk, use the delete command. Use the dir command to find the file you want to delete, and then use the delete command to delete it.
The following example shows how to find a file (called fun1) on the CompactFlash Disk, delete the file, and then verify that it is deleted:
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System# dirDirectory of disk0:/1 drw- 0 May 10 1998 09:54:53 fun148755200 bytes total (48742912 bytes free)Step 2
System# delete disk0:fun1Step 3
System# dirDirectory of disk0:/No files in directory.48755200 bytes total (48742912 bytes free)System#
Enabling Booting from a CompactFlash Disk
This section explains how to enable booting from a CompactFlash Disk.
To enable booting from a CompactFlash Disk, set configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 to a value between 2 and 15 in conjunction with the boot system [disk0:] filename configuration command. This section includes only descriptions of boot commands specific to the CompactFlash Disk. (You use diskn: argument for boot commands.)
Following are definitions of the various CompactFlash Disk-related boot commands:
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As you enter boot commands, pay attention to how you use the Spacebar, which influences the way your system interprets the commands. Also, ensure that you define the entire path to a file as you enter the boot commands; otherwise, the system might not be able to find the file.
For example, notice the difference in the following correct and incorrect commands:
System(config)# boot system flash disk0:myfileBased on the preceding correct command, the system boots the file specified (myfile).
System(config)# boot system flash disk0: myfileBased on the preceding incorrect command, the system finds the filename field blank because there is a space after disk0:. In this case, the system ignores the filename argument and boots the first file on the CompactFlash Disk, which might not be the file called myfile.
Use the following procedure to enable booting the file myfile from a CompactFlash Disk:
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System# configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CTRL-Z.System(config)# boot system flash disk0:myfileStep 2
System(config)# config-reg 0x2102This command, with the hexadecimal value 0x2102, results in the following:
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System(config)#Crtl-ZSystem#Step 4
System# copy system:running-config nvram:startup-config
Boot Environment Variables
The contents of the boot environment variables, which are stored in the configuration file in NVRAM, determine the actions your system takes on bootup. To see the current settings of these variables, use the show bootvar command as follows:
Router> show bootvarBOOT variable =CONFIG_FILE variable =Current CONFIG_FILE variable =BOOTLDR variable does not existConfiguration register is 0x100Following are explanations for each of these boot environment variables:
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Enter configuration mode and specify a filename and CompactFlash Disk slot from which to boot using the configure terminal and boot system commands as follows:
Router# configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CTRL-Z.System(config)# boot system flash disk0:<image>The result of this configuration file entry is that the BOOT variable is disk0:c7300-js-mz.
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Router# configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CTRL-Z.System(config)# boot config disk0:<image>The result of this configuration file entry is that the CONFIG_FILE variable is disk0:configfile.
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Router# configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CTRL-Z.System(config)# boot bootldr disk0:<image>The result of this configuration file entry is that the BOOTLDR variable is boot flash c7300-boot -mz.•
Router# configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CTRL-Z.System(config)# config-register 0x102The result of this configuration file entry is that the configuration register is set to hexadecimal 0x102. For more information on the configuration register, see the Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals manual.
If there is no boot system command in the configuration file, the router will try to load the default file image from the CompactFlash Disk. For more information, see "Rebooting the Router" in the Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals manual.
Making a CompactFlash Disk-Based Software Image the Bootable Software Image
This section explains how to make a CompactFlash Disk-based Cisco IOS software image a bootable image.
After you copy a software image to the CompactFlash Disk, use the following series of commands to make the image bootable (the file named new.image in this example). The software image in this example is located on the CompactFlash Disk. Note that the config-register command is also a part of this command sequence because you must set the configuration register to 0x2102 to enable loading an image from the CompactFlash Disk.
System# config terminalSystem(config)# no boot systemSystem(config)# boot system flash disk0:new.imageSystem(config)# config-register 0x2102Ctrl-ZSystem# copy system:running-config nvram:startup-configSystem# reloadWhen the system reloads, it boots the image new.image from the CompactFlash Disk.
