在Cisco IOS XE设备上配置VXLAN功能

简介

本文档介绍Cisco IOS® XE设备的基本配置和故障排除。

先决条件

要求

Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：

• 基本了解DCI重叠和组播

使用的组件

本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本：

• 运行软件03.16.00.S的ASR1004
• 运行软件3.16.03.S的CSR100v(VXE)

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。

背景信息

虚拟可扩展LAN(VXLAN)作为数据中心互联(DCI)解决方案正变得越来越普遍。VXLAN功能用于在第3层/公共路由域上提供第2层扩展。本文档讨论Cisco IOS XE设备的基本配置和故障排除。

本文档的“配置和验证”部分涵盖两个场景：

• 场景A描述了组播模式下三个数据中心之间的VXLAN配置。
• 场景B描述了单播模式下两个数据中心之间的VXLAN配置。

配置

场景A：在组播模式下的三个数据中心之间配置VXLAN

基本配置

组播模式需要站点之间的单播和组播连接。本配置指南使用开放最短路径优先(OSPF)提供单播连接，使用双向协议独立组播(PIM)提供组播连接。

以下是所有三个数据中心组播操作模式的基本配置：

!
DC1#show run | sec ospf
router ospf 1
network 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 10.10.10.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
!

PIM双向配置：

!
DC1#show run | sec pim
ip pim bidir-enable
ip pim send-rp-discovery scope 10
ip pim bsr-candidate Loopback1 0
ip pim rp-candidate Loopback1 group-list 10 bidir
!
access-list 10 permit 239.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
!
DC1#
!

此外，所有L3接口都启用了PIM稀疏模式，包括环回：

!
DC1#show run interface lo1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 83 bytes
!
interface Loopback1
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
end

另请确保在您的设备上启用了组播路由，并且您看到组播路由表正在填充。

网络图

支持单播和组播的互联网

DC1(VTEP1)配置

!
!
Vxlan udp port 1024
!
Interface Loopback1
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!

在桥接域配置下定义VNI成员和成员接口：

!
bridge-domain 1
member vni 6001
member FastEthernet0/1/7 service-instance 1
!

创建网络虚拟接口(NVE)并定义需要通过WAN扩展到其他数据中心的VNI成员：

!
interface nve1
no ip address
shut
member vni 6001 mcast-group 10.0.0.10
!
source-interface Loopback1
!

在LAN接口（即连接LAN网络的接口）上创建服务实例以覆盖特定VLAN（802.1q标记流量） — 在本例中为VLAN 1:

!
interface FastEthernet0/1/7
no ip address
negotiation auto
cdp enable
no shut
!

在通过重叠网络发送流量之前删除VLAN标记，并在将返回流量发送到VLAN之后推送该标记：

!
service instance 1 ethernet
encapsulation unagged
!

DC2(VTEP2)配置

!
!
Vxlan udp port 1024
!
interface Loopback1
ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
!
bridge-domain 1
member vni 6001
member FastEthernet0/1/3 service-instance 1
!
!
interface nve1
no ip address
member vni 6001 mcast-group 10.0.0.10
!
source-interface Loopback1
shut
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/1/3
no ip address
negotiation auto
cdp enable
no shut
!
service instance 1 ethernet
encapsulation untagged
!

DC3(VTEP3)配置

!
!
Vxlan udp port 1024
!
interface Loopback1
ip address 10.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
!
bridge-domain 1
member vni 6001
member GigabitEthernet2 service-instance 1
!
interface nve1
no ip address
shut
member vni 6001 mcast-group 10.0.0.10
!
source-interface Loopback1
!
interface gig2
no ip address
negotiation auto
cdp enable
no shut
!
service instance 1 ethernet
encapsulation untagged
!

场景B：以单播模式在两个数据中心之间配置VXLAN

网络图

WAN上的单播连接

DC1配置

!
interface nve1
no ip address
member vni 6001
! ingress replication shold be configured as peer data centers loopback IP address. 
!
ingress-replication 10.2.2.2       
!
source-interface Loopback1
!
!
interface gig0/2/1
no ip address
negotiation auto
cdp enable
!
service instance 1 ethernet
encapsulation untagged

!
!
!
bridge-domain 1
member vni 6001
member gig0/2/1 service-instance 1

DC2配置

! 
interface nve1
no ip address
member vni 6001
ingress-replication 10.1.1.1
!
source-interface Loopback1
!

!
interface gig5
no ip address
negotiation auto
cdp enable
!
service instance 1 ethernet
encapsulation untagged

!
!
bridge-domain 1
member vni 6001
member gig5 service-instance 1

验证

场景A：在组播模式下的三个数据中心之间配置VXLAN

完成场景A的配置后，每个数据中心内连接的主机必须能够在同一广播域内相互通信。

使用这些命令检验配置。场景B下提供了一些示例。

Router#show nve vni
Router#show nve vni interface nve1
Router#show nve interface nve1
Router#show nve interface nve1 detail
Router#show nve peers

场景B：以单播模式在两个数据中心之间配置VXLAN

在DC1上：

DC1#show nve vni
Interface    VNI     Multicast-group    VNI state
nve1        6001           N/A               Up

DC1#show nve interface nve1 detail
Interface: nve1, State: Admin Up, Oper Up Encapsulation: Vxlan
source-interface: Loopback1    (primary:10.1.1.1 vrf:0)
Pkts In     Bytes In      Pkts Out     Bytes Out
60129       6593586        55067        5303698

DC1#show nve peers
Interface     Peer-IP      VNI        Peer state
nve1          10.2.2.2       6000          -

在DC2上：

DC2#show nve vni
Interface VNI Multicast-group VNI state
nve1 6000 N/A Up

DC2#show nve interface nve1 detail
Interface: nve1, State: Admin Up, Oper Up Encapsulation: Vxlan
source-interface: Loopback1 (primary:10.2.2.2 vrf:0)
Pkts In Bytes In Pkts Out Bytes Out
70408 7921636 44840 3950835

DC2#show nve peers
Interface Peer-IP VNI Peer state
nve 10.1.1.1 6000 Up

DC2#show bridge-domain 1
Bridge-domain 1 (3 ports in all)
State: UP Mac learning: Enabled
Aging-Timer: 300 second(s)
BDI1 (up)
GigabitEthernet0/2/1 service instance 1
vni 6001
AED MAC address Policy Tag Age Pseudoport
0 7CAD.74FF.2F66 forward dynamic 281 nve1.VNI6001, VxLAN src: 10.1.1.1 dst: 10.2.2.2
0 B838.6130.DA80 forward dynamic 288 nve1.VNI6001, VxLAN src: 10.1.1.1 dst: 10.2.2.2
0 0050.56AD.1AD8 forward dynamic 157 nve1.VNI6001, VxLAN src: 10.1.1.1 dst: 10.2.2.2


故障排除

“验证”一节中描述的命令提供了基本的故障排除步骤。当系统不工作时，这些附加诊断程序可能非常有用。

调试诊断

#debug nve error
*Jan 4 20:00:54.993: NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for mcast nodes cast nodes
*Jan 4 20:00:54.993: NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for mcast nodes cast nodes
*Jan 4 20:00:54.995: NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for peer nodes eer nodes
*Jan 4 20:00:54.995: NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for peer nodes


#show nve log error
[01/01/70 00:04:34.130 UTC 1 3] NVE-MGR-STATE ERROR: vni 6001: error in create notification to Tunnel
[01/01/70 00:04:34.314 UTC 2 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force up successful for mcast nodes
[01/01/70 00:04:34.326 UTC 3 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force up successful for peer nodes
[01/01/70 01:50:59.650 UTC 4 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for mcast nodes
[01/01/70 01:50:59.654 UTC 5 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for peer nodes
[01/01/70 01:50:59.701 UTC 6 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force up successful for mcast nodes
[01/01/70 01:50:59.705 UTC 7 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force up successful for peer nodes
[01/01/70 01:54:55.166 UTC 8 61] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for mcast nodes
[01/01/70 01:54:55.168 UTC 9 61] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for peer nodes
[01/01/70 01:55:04.432 UTC A 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force up successful for mcast nodes
[01/01/70 01:55:04.434 UTC B 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force up successful for peer nodes
[01/01/70 01:55:37.670 UTC C 61] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for mcast nodes


#show nve log event
[01/04/70 19:48:51.883 UTC 1DD16 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6001 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:48:51.884 UTC 1DD17 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020010] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:48:51.884 UTC 1DD18 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6001 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:01.884 UTC 1DD19 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020010] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:01.884 UTC 1DD1A 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6001 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:01.885 UTC 1DD1B 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020010] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:01.885 UTC 1DD1C 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6001 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:11.886 UTC 1DD1D 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020010] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:11.886 UTC 1DD1E 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6001 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:11.887 UTC 1DD1F 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020010] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:11.887 UTC 1DD20 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6001 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:21.884 UTC 1DD21 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020010] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]


嵌入式数据包捕获

Cisco IOS XE软件提供的嵌入式数据包捕获(EPC)功能可提供更多故障排除信息。

例如，此捕获说明数据包由VXLAN封装：

EPC配置（TEST_ACL是用于过滤捕获数据的访问列表）：

#monitor capture TEST access-list TEST_ACL interface gigabitEthernet0/2/0 both   

#monitor capture TEST buffer size 10

#monitor capture TEST start 

以下是结果的数据包转储：

# show monitor capture TEST buffer dump

# monitor capture TEST export bootflash:TEST.pcap       // with this command
you can export the capture in pcap format to the bootflash,
which can be downloaded and opened in wireshark.

以下示例说明了简单互联网控制消息协议(ICMP)如何在VXLAN上工作。

通过VXLAN重叠发送的地址解析协议(ARP):

ARP响应：

 ICMP请求：

ICMP响应：

其他调试和故障排除命令

本节介绍更多调试和故障排除命令。

在本示例中，调试的突出显示部分显示NVE接口无法加入组播组。因此，未为VNI 6002启用VXLAN封装。这些调试结果指向网络中的组播问题。

#debug nve all
*Jan 5 06:13:55.844: NVE-MGR-DB: creating mcast node for 10.0.0.10 
*Jan 5 06:13:55.846: NVE-MGR-MCAST: IGMP add for (0.0.0.0,10.0.0.10) was failure
*Jan 5 06:13:55.846: NVE-MGR-DB ERROR: Unable to join mcast core tree
*Jan 5 06:13:55.846: NVE-MGR-DB ERROR: Unable to join mcast core tree
*Jan 5 06:13:55.846: NVE-MGR-STATE ERROR: vni 6002: error in create notification to mcast
*Jan 5 06:13:55.846: NVE-MGR-STATE ERROR: vni 6002: error in create notification to mcast
*Jan 5 06:13:55.849: NVE-MGR-TUNNEL: Tunnel Endpoint 10.0.0.10 added
*Jan 5 06:13:55.849: NVE-MGR-TUNNEL: Endpoint 10.0.0.10 added
*Jan 5 06:13:55.851: NVE-MGR-EI: Notifying BD engine of VNI 6002 create
*Jan 5 06:13:55.857: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6002 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:13:55.857: NVE-MGR-EI: VNI 6002: BD state changed to up, vni state to Down


以下是Internet组管理协议(IGMP)成员身份报告，可在VNI加入组播组后发送：

此示例显示当您在NVE下为组播模式配置VNI后，如果组播按预期运行，预期的调试结果：

*Jan 5 06:19:20.335: NVE-MGR-DB: [IF 0x14]VNI node creation
*Jan 5 06:19:20.335: NVE-MGR-DB: VNI Node created [437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.336: NVE-MGR-PD: VNI 6002 create notification to PD
*Jan 5 06:19:20.336: NVE-MGR-PD: VNI 6002 Create notif successful, map [pd 0x1020017] to [pi 0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.336: NVE-MGR-DB: creating mcast node for 10.0.0.10
*Jan 5 06:19:20.342: NVE-MGR-MCAST: IGMP add for (0.0.0.0,10.0.0.10) was successful
*Jan 5 06:19:20.345: NVE-MGR-TUNNEL: Tunnel Endpoint 10.0.0.10 added
*Jan 5 06:19:20.345: NVE-MGR-TUNNEL: Endpoint 10.0.0.10 added
*Jan 5 06:19:20.347: NVE-MGR-EI: Notifying BD engine of VNI 6002 create
*Jan 5 06:19:20.347: NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020017] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.347: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6002 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.349: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni state Create for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.349: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni state Create for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.349: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6002 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.351: NVE-MGR-EI: L2FIB query for info 0x437C9B28
*Jan 5 06:19:20.351: NVE-MGR-EI: PP up notification for bd_id 3
*Jan 5 06:19:20.351: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6002 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.352: NVE-MGR-STATE: vni 6002: Notify clients of state change Create to Up
*Jan 5 06:19:20.352: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6002 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.353: NVE-MGR-PD: VNI 6002 Create to Up State update to PD successful
*Jan 5 06:19:20.353: NVE-MGR-EI: VNI 6002: BD state changed to up, vni state to Up
*Jan 5 06:19:20.353: NVE-MGR-STATE: vni 6002: No state change Up
*Jan 5 06:19:20.353: NVE-MGR-STATE: vni 6002: New State as a result of create Up


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