在FTD中通過路由協定通告遠端訪問VPN子網

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已更新: 2025 年 5 月 5 日

文件 ID:222994

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簡介

本文檔介紹使用路由協定EIGRP、OSPF和BGP通告VPN相關子網的可用選項。

diagram1

必要條件

需求

本文件沒有特定需求。

採用元件

本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中，請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。

本文中的資訊係根據以下軟體和硬體版本：

思科安全防火牆管理中心7.6.0
思科安全防火牆7.6.0

附註：本文檔概述了使用FMC通過EIGRP、OSPF和BGP重新分配遠端接入VPN子網的配置。有關使用FDM重新分發路由的指導，請參閱FDM配置指南。

背景資訊

首先要瞭解的是FTD如何在其路由表中對VPN子網進行分類。雖然這些子網看起來是通過VPN連線的，但是它們不被視為直接連線的子網；相反，它們被視為靜態路由。

show輸出會顯示此情況。

FTD show route輸出：

FTD-1# show route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
       SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF
Gateway of last resort is not set

C        10.10.20.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, outside
L        10.10.20.1 255.255.255.255 is directly connected, outside
C        192.168.100.0 255.255.255.252 is directly connected, inside
L        192.168.100.2 255.255.255.255 is directly connected, inside
V        10.100.100.10 255.255.255.255 connected by VPN (advertised), outside

FTD show route connected output:

FTD-1# show route connected

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
       SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF

Gateway of last resort is not set

C        10.10.20.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, outside
L        10.10.20.1 255.255.255.255 is directly connected, outside
C        192.168.100.0 255.255.255.252 is directly connected, inside
L        192.168.100.2 255.255.255.255 is directly connected, inside

FTD show route static output:

FTD-HQ-1# show route static

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
       SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF

Gateway of last resort is not set

V        10.100.100.10 255.255.255.255 connected by VPN (advertised), outside

現在我們已經清楚如何在防火牆的路由表中處理VPN子網，下一步是探索如何使用各種路由協定來通告這些子網。

通過FTD上的EIGRP重新分配遠端訪問VPN子網

網路圖表

diagram2

屬於network語句範圍的靜態路由會自動重新分發到EIGRP;您無需為其定義重分發規則。但是，重新分發指向EIGRP中VTI介面的靜態路由時，必須指定度量。對於指向其他型別介面的靜態路由，不需要指定度量。

由於EIGRP自動重分佈屬於network語句範圍的靜態路由的行為，因此在FTD上通過EIGRP通告VPN子網有兩個選項：

使用network語句
使用redistribute靜態方法。

在本示例中，目標是讓R1通過EIGRP瞭解VPN子網10.100.100.0/24。

FTD初始設定：

hostname FTD-1
!
ip local pool VPN-POOL1 10.100.100.10-10.100.100.254 mask 255.255.255.0
!
webvpn
...
  group-policy LAB_GROUP1 internal
group-policy LAB_GROUP1 attributes
...
  address-pools value VPN-POOL1
!
router eigrp 100
 no default-information in
 no default-information out
 no eigrp log-neighbor-warnings
 no eigrp log-neighbor-changes
network 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.252

FTD初始路由表：

FTD-1# show route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
       SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF

Gateway of last resort is not set

C        10.10.20.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, outside
L        10.10.20.1 255.255.255.255 is directly connected, outside
C        192.168.100.0 255.255.255.252 is directly connected, inside
L        192.168.100.2 255.255.255.255 is directly connected, inside
V       10.100.100.10 255.255.255.255 connected by VPN (advertised), outside

FTD初始EIGRP拓撲表：

FTD-1# show eigrp topology

EIGRP-IPv4 Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(192.168.100.2)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
       r - reply Status, s - sia Status

P 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.252, 1 successors, FD is 512 via Connected, inside

R1初始路由表：

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, m - OMP
       n - NAT, Ni - NAT inside, No - NAT outside, Nd - NAT DIA
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       H - NHRP, G - NHRP registered, g - NHRP registration summary
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, l - LISP  
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
       & - replicated local route overrides by connected

Gateway of last resort is not set

C        192.168.100.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
L        192.168.100.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1

使用network語句通過FTD上的EIGRP重新分發遠端訪問VPN子網

設定

步驟1.為VPN子網建立網路對象。

Network

步驟2.在network語句中包含VPN子網對象。

在FMC裝置管理UI中，導航到Routing > EIGRP > Setup，並將VPN子網包含在選定的網絡/主機中。

EIGRP1

儲存並部署FTD上的組態。

驗證

FTD EIGRP配置：

FTD-1# show run router
router eigrp 100
 no default-information in
 no default-information out
 no eigrp log-neighbor-warnings
 no eigrp log-neighbor-changes
 network 10.100.100.0 255.255.255.0
 network 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.252

FTD EIGRP拓撲表：

FTD-1# show eigrp topology

EIGRP-IPv4 Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(192.168.100.2)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
       r - reply Status, s - sia Status

P 10.100.100.10 255.255.255.255, 1 successors, FD is 512 
        via Rstatic (512/0)

P 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.252, 1 successors, FD is 512
        via Connected, inside

R1路由表：

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, m - OMP
       n - NAT, Ni - NAT inside, No - NAT outside, Nd - NAT DIA
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       H - NHRP, G - NHRP registered, g - NHRP registration summary
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
       & - replicated local route overrides by connected


Gateway of last resort is not set

C        192.168.100.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
L        192.168.100.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
      10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D        10.100.100.10
           [90/3072] via 192.168.100.2, 00:02:17, GigabitEthernet1

附註：請注意，雖然network語句是10.100.100.0/24，但FTD會通過EIGRP重新分配/32子網。發生這種情況的原因是FTD為每個遠端訪問VPN會話建立字首為/32的靜態路由。要最佳化此功能，您可以使用EIGRP摘要地址功能。

使用redistribute static方法通過FTD上的EIGRP重新分發遠端訪問VPN子網

設定

在FMC裝置管理UI中，導航到Routing > EIGRP > Redistribution，然後選擇Add按鈕。

EIGRP2

在協定欄位中，選擇Static，然後選擇OK按鈕。

Static

注意：這會將所有靜態路由重分發到EIGRP。如果您只需要通告VPN子網，則可以使用network語句方法或應用路由對映來過濾它們。

結果是：

Enable EIGRP

儲存並部署FTD上的組態。

驗證

FTD EIGRP配置：

FTD-HQ-1# show run router

router eigrp 100
 no default-information in
 no default-information out
 no eigrp log-neighbor-warnings
 no eigrp log-neighbor-changes
 network 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.252
 redistribute static

FTD EIGRP拓撲表：

FTD-1# show eigrp topology
EIGRP-IPv4 Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(192.168.100.2)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
       r - reply Status, s - sia Status

P 10.100.100.10 255.255.255.255, 1 successors, FD is 512
        via Rstatic (512/0)
P 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.252, 1 successors, FD is 512
        via Connected, inside

R1路由表：

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, m - OMP
       n - NAT, Ni - NAT inside, No - NAT outside, Nd - NAT DIA
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       H - NHRP, G - NHRP registered, g - NHRP registration summary
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
       & - replicated local route overrides by connected

Gateway of last resort is not set

C        192.168.100.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
L        192.168.100.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
D EX     10.100.100.10
           [170/3072] via 192.168.100.2, 00:03:52, GigabitEthernet1

提示：或者，可以使用FTD上的EIGRP摘要地址功能來最佳化路由表的大小。

EIGRP摘要地址配置

設定

如果尚未建立，請為VPN子網建立網路對象。

VPN-Network

在FMC裝置管理UI中，導航到Routing > EIGRP > Summary Address，然後選擇Add按鈕。

Advertise

在interface欄位中輸入面向EIGRP鄰居的對象，在network欄位中輸入為VPN子網建立的對象。

inside_VPN-Subnet

結果是：

Summary_Address

驗證

FTD EIGRP摘要地址配置：

FTD-1# sh run interface

interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 nameif inside
 security-level 0
 zone-member inside
 ip address 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.252
summary-address eigrp 100 10.100.100.0 255.255.255.0

FTD EIGRP拓撲表：

FTD-1# show eigrp topology

EIGRP-IPv4 Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(192.168.100.2)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
       r - reply Status, s - sia Status

P 10.100.100.10 255.255.255.255, 1 successors, FD is 512
        via Rstatic (512/0)
P 10.100.100.0 255.255.255.0, 1 successors, FD is 512
        via Summary (512/0), Null0
P 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0, 1 successors, FD is 512
        via Connected, inside

R1路由表：

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, m - OMP
       n - NAT, Ni - NAT inside, No - NAT outside, Nd - NAT DIA
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       H - NHRP, G - NHRP registered, g - NHRP registration summary
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
       & - replicated local route overrides by connected

Gateway of last resort is not set

C        192.168.100.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
L        192.168.100.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
      10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D        10.100.100.0 [90/3072] via 192.168.100.2, 00:01:54, GigabitEthernet1

通過FTD上的OSPF重新分發遠端訪問VPN子網

網路圖表

Diagram3

初始配置

ip local pool VPN-POOL1 10.100.100.10-10.100.100.254 mask 255.255.255.0
!
webvpn
  group-policy LAB_GROUP1 internal
...
group-policy LAB_GROUP1 attributes
...
  address-pools value VPN-POOL1
!
router ospf 1
network 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.252 area 0

FTD show ospf neighbor output:

FTD-1# show ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
192.168.100.1          1   FULL/DR         0:00:39     192.168.100.1   inside

R1 show ip ospf neighbor output:

R1#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
192.168.100.2    1   FULL/BDR        00:00:37    192.168.100.2  GigabitEthernet1

R1路由表：

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, m - OMP
       n - NAT, Ni - NAT inside, No - NAT outside, Nd - NAT DIA
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       H - NHRP, G - NHRP registered, g - NHRP registration summary
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
       & - replicated local route overrides by connected

Gateway of last resort is not set

C        192.168.100.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
L        192.168.100.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1

設定

在FMC裝置管理UI中，導航到Routing > OSPF > Redistribution，然後選擇Add按鈕。

OSPF1

附註：必須將OSPF角色設定為ASBR或ABR和ASBR才能啟用重分發。

在Route Type欄位中，選擇Static，然後選中Use Subnets框。

Use_Subnets

注意：這會將所有靜態路由重分發到OSPF。如果您只需要通告VPN子網，則可以應用路由對映來過濾這些子網。

結果是：

OSPF_Process

驗證

FTD OSPF重分發配置：

FTD-1# sh run router
router ospf 1
 network 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.252 area 0
 redistribute static subnets

R1路由表：

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, m - OMP
       n - NAT, Ni - NAT inside, No - NAT outside, Nd - NAT DIA
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       H - NHRP, G - NHRP registered, g - NHRP registration summary
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
       & - replicated local route overrides by connected

Gateway of last resort is not set

C        192.168.100.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
L        192.168.100.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
      10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2     10.100.100.10 [110/20] via 192.168.100.2, 00:08:01, GigabitEthernet1

提示：請注意，雖然VPN池是10.100.100.0/24，但FTD會通過OSPF重新分配/32子網。發生這種情況的原因是FTD為每個遠端訪問VPN會話建立字首為/32的靜態路由。要最佳化此功能，您可以使用OSPF摘要地址功能。

OSPF摘要地址配置

設定

如果尚未建立，請為VPN子網建立網路對象。

VPN-Subnet2

在FMC裝置管理UI中，導航到Routing > OSPF> Summary Address，然後選擇Add按鈕。

OSPF_Summary

新增VPN子網對象並選中Advertise覈取方塊。

OSPF_Process

結果：

OSPF_Address

驗證

FTD OSPF配置：

FTD-1# sh run router

router ospf 1
 network 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.252 area 0
redistribute static subnets
 summary-address 10.100.100.0 255.255.255.0

R1路由表：

R1#sh ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, m - OMP
       n - NAT, Ni - NAT inside, No - NAT outside, Nd - NAT DIA
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       H - NHRP, G - NHRP registered, g - NHRP registration summary
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
       & - replicated local route overrides by connected

Gateway of last resort is not set

C        192.168.100.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
L        192.168.100.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
      10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2     10.100.100.0 [110/20] via 192.168.100.2, 00:00:26, GigabitEthernet1

透過FTD上的eBGP重新分佈遠端存取VPN子網

網路圖表

Diagram5

在本示例中，目標是讓R1通過eBGP學習VPN子網10.100.100.0/24。

初始配置

FTD初始設定：

hostname FTD-1
!
ip local pool VPN-POOL1 10.100.100.10-10.100.100.254 mask 255.255.255.0
!
webvpn
...
  group-policy LAB_GROUP1 internal
group-policy LAB_GROUP1 attributes
...
  address-pools value VPN-POOL1
!
router bgp 65000
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 bgp router-id vrf auto-assign
 address-family ipv4 unicast
  neighbor 192.168.100.1 remote-as 65001
  neighbor 192.168.100.1 transport path-mtu-discovery disable
  neighbor 192.168.100.1 activate
  no auto-summary
  no synchronization
 exit-address-family

FTD bgp表輸出：

FTD-1# show bgp

BGP table version is 25, local router ID is 192.168.100.2
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

Network               Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path
r> 192.168.100.0/30  192.168.100.1       1             0  65001 ?

FTD show bgp summary輸出：

FTD-1# show bgp summary
BGP router identifier 192.168.100.2, local AS number 65000
BGP table version is 25, main routing table version 25
1 network entries using 2000 bytes of memory
17 path entries using 1360 bytes of memory
3/3 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 624 bytes of memory
2 BGP AS-PATH entries using 48 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 4032 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 176/166 prefixes, 257/240 paths, scan interval 60 secs

Neighbor        V           AS MsgRcvd MsgSent   TblVer  InQ OutQ Up/Down  State/PfxRcd
192.168.100.1  4        65001 4589    3769          25    0    0 2d21h  8

R1 show ip bgp summary output:

R1#sh ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 192.168.100.1, local AS number 65001
BGP table version is 258, main routing table version 258
1 network entries using 2480 bytes of memory
1 path entries using 2312 bytes of memory
1/1 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 864 bytes of memory
1 BGP AS-PATH entries using 64 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 5720 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 85/75 prefixes, 244/227 paths, scan interval 60 secs
12 networks peaked at 11:10:00 Apr 17 2025 UTC (00:06:27.485 ago)

Neighbor        V           AS MsgRcvd MsgSent   TblVer  InQ OutQ Up/Down  State/PfxRcd
192.168.100.2  4        65000    3770    4590      258    0    0 2d21h           9

R1 bgp表輸出：

R1#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 258, local router ID is 192.168.100.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
             r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, f RT-Filter,
              x best-external, a additional-path, c RIB-compressed,
              t secondary path, L long-lived-stale,
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found
       Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
 *>   192.168.100.0/30                      0.0.0.0                  1         32768 ?

R1路由表：

R1#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, m - OMP
       n - NAT, Ni - NAT inside, No - NAT outside, Nd - NAT DIA
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       H - NHRP, G - NHRP registered, g - NHRP registration summary
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
       & - replicated local route overrides by connected

Gateway of last resort is not set

C        192.168.100.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
L        192.168.100.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1

設定

在FMC裝置管理UI中，導航到Routing > BGP > IPv4 > Redistribution，然後選擇Add按鈕。

IPv4

在「Source Protocol」欄位中，選擇「Static」，然後選擇「OK」按鈕。

Source_Static

注意：這會將所有靜態路由重新分發到BGP。如果您只需要通告VPN子網，則可以應用路由對映來過濾這些子網。

結果是：

Redistribution

儲存並部署FTD上的組態。

驗證

FTD BGP組態：

FTD-HQ-1# show run router
router bgp 65000
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 bgp router-id vrf auto-assign
 address-family ipv4 unicast
  neighbor 192.168.100.1 remote-as 65001
  neighbor 192.168.100.1 transport path-mtu-discovery disable
  neighbor 192.168.100.1 activate
  redistribute static
  no auto-summary
  no synchronization
 exit-address-family

FTD bgp表輸出：

FTD-1# show bgp

BGP table version is 26, local router ID is 192.168.100.2
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path
*> 10.100.100.10/32 10.100.100.10        0         32768  ?
r> 192.168.100.0/30 192.168.100.1      1             0  65001 ?

R1 bgp表輸出：

R1#show ip bgp

BGP table version is 259, local router ID is 192.168.100.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, f RT-Filter,
              x best-external, a additional-path, c RIB-compressed,
              t secondary path, L long-lived-stale,
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found

     Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
 *>   10.100.100.10/32 192.168.100.2           0             0 65000 ?
 *>   192.168.100.0/30  0.0.0.0                 1         32768 ?

R1路由表輸出：

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, m - OMP
       n - NAT, Ni - NAT inside, No - NAT outside, Nd - NAT DIA
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       H - NHRP, G - NHRP registered, g - NHRP registration summary
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
       & - replicated local route overrides by connected

Gateway of last resort is not set

C        192.168.100.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
L        192.168.100.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
      10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B        10.100.100.10 [20/0] via 192.168.100.2, 00:02:00

提示：請注意，雖然VPN池是10.100.100.0/24,FTD仍會透過BGP重新分配/32子網。發生這種情況的原因是FTD為每個遠端訪問VPN會話建立字首為/32的靜態路由。要最佳化此功能，您可以使用BGP聚合地址功能。

BGP彙總位址組態

設定

如果尚未建立，請為VPN子網建立網路對象。

Network10

在FMC裝置管理UI中，導航到Routing > BGP> IPv4 > Add Aggregate Address，然後選擇Add按鈕。

IPv4_Aggregate

在network欄位中，為VPN子網新增對象，然後選擇Filter all routes from updates複選框。

AS_set_path

附註：如果未選中Filter all routes from updates覈取方塊，則FTD會通過BGP通告彙總地址和特定/32 VPN路由。啟用此覈取方塊後，FMC會將命令aggregate-address summary-only推送到FTD LINA配置，以確保僅通告彙總地址。

結果是：

Add_Aggregate

儲存並部署FTD上的組態。

驗證

FTD BGP組態：

FTD-1# sh run router
router bgp 65000
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 bgp router-id vrf auto-assign
 address-family ipv4 unicast
  neighbor 192.168.100.1 remote-as 65001
  neighbor 192.168.100.1 transport path-mtu-discovery disable
  neighbor 192.168.100.1 activate
 redistribute static
  aggregate-address 10.100.100.0 255.255.255.0 summary-only
  no auto-summary
  no synchronization
 exit-address-family

FTD BGP表輸出：

FTD-1# sh bgp

BGP table version is 28, local router ID is 192.168.100.2
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop        Metric LocPrf Weight  Path

*> 10.100.100.0/24  0.0.0.0                        32768  i
s> 10.100.100.10/32 10.100.100.10        0         32768  ?
r> 192.168.100.0/30 192.168.100.1       1             0  65001 ?

R1 BGP表輸出：

R1#show ip bgp

BGP table version is 261, local router ID is 192.168.100.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, f RT-Filter,
              x best-external, a additional-path, c RIB-compressed,
              t secondary path, L long-lived-stale,
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found

     Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>   10.100.100.0/24  192.168.100.2          0             0 65000 i
 *>   192.168.100.0/30  0.0.0.0                  1         32768 ?

R1路由表輸出：

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, m - OMP
       n - NAT, Ni - NAT inside, No - NAT outside, Nd - NAT DIA
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       H - NHRP, G - NHRP registered, g - NHRP registration summary
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
       & - replicated local route overrides by connected

Gateway of last resort is not set

C        192.168.100.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
L        192.168.100.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1
      10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B        10.100.100.0 [20/0] via 192.168.100.2, 00:02:04

修訂記錄

修訂	發佈日期	意見
1.0	05-May-2025	初始版本

由思科工程師貢獻

盧西安諾·貝澤拉
Cisco TAC工程師

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在FTD中通過路由協定通告遠端訪問VPN子網

下載選項

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關於此翻譯

目錄

簡介

必要條件

需求

採用元件

背景資訊

通過FTD上的EIGRP重新分配遠端訪問VPN子網

網路圖表

使用network語句通過FTD上的EIGRP重新分發遠端訪問VPN子網

設定

驗證

使用redistribute static方法通過FTD上的EIGRP重新分發遠端訪問VPN子網

設定

驗證

EIGRP摘要地址配置

設定

驗證

通過FTD上的OSPF重新分發遠端訪問VPN子網

網路圖表

設定

驗證

OSPF摘要地址配置

設定

驗證

透過FTD上的eBGP重新分佈遠端存取VPN子網

網路圖表

設定

驗證

BGP彙總位址組態

設定

驗證

修訂記錄

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