對常見DMVPN問題進行故障排除

Router#show access-lists 101

Extended IP access list 101
    10 permit udp host 172.17.0.1 host 172.16.1.1 eq isakmp log (4 matches)
    20 permit udp host 172.17.0.5 host 172.16.1.1 eq isakmp log (4 matches)
    30 permit ip any any (295 matches)

注意：請確保您的access-list中允許ip any any。否則，由於訪問清單應用在出口介面的入站方向，因此可以阻止所有其他流量。

驗證GRE在隧道保護刪除後是否正常工作

當DMVPN不起作用時，在使用IPsec進行故障排除之前，請驗證GRE隧道在沒有IPsec加密的情況下是否工作正常。

有關詳細資訊，請參閱如何配置GRE隧道。

NHRP註冊失敗

中心和分支之間的VPN隧道已啟動，但無法傳遞資料流量：

Router#show crypto isakmp sa
        dst             src             state          conn-id  slot   status
        172.17.0.1      172.16.1.1      QM_IDLE           1082    0    ACTIVE

Router#show crypto IPSEC sa
local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.17.0.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
#pkts encaps: 154, #pkts encrypt: 154, #pkts digest: 154
#pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts verify: 0
inbound esp sas:
spi: 0xF830FC95(4163959957)
outbound esp sas:
spi: 0xD65A7865(3596253285)

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

它顯示返回流量不會從隧道的另一端返回。

檢查分支路由器中的NHS條目：

Router#show  ip nhrp nhs detail
Legend: E=Expecting replies, R=Responding
Tunnel0: 172.17.0.1  E  req-sent 0  req-failed 30 repl-recv 0
Pending Registration Requests:
Registration Request: Reqid 4371, Ret 64  NHS 172.17.0.1

它顯示NHS請求失敗。要解決此問題，請確保分支路由器隧道介面上的配置正確。

組態範例:

interface Tunnel0
 ip address 10.0.0.9 255.255.255.0
 ip nhrp map 10.0.0.1 172.17.0.1
 ip nhrp map multicast 172.17.0.1
 ip nhrp nhs 172.17.0.1

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

配置示例，其中包含NHS伺服器的正確條目：

interface Tunnel0
 ip address 10.0.0.9 255.255.255.0
 ip nhrp map 10.0.0.1 172.17.0.1
 ip nhrp map multicast 172.17.0.1
 ip nhrp nhs 10.0.0.1

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

現在，驗證NHS條目和IPSec加密/解密計數器：

Router#show ip nhrp nhs detail
Legend: E=Expecting replies, R=Responding
Tunnel0:        10.0.0.1 RE  req-sent 4  req-failed 0  repl-recv 3 (00:01:04 ago)

Router#show crypto IPSec sa 
local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.17.0.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
#pkts encaps: 121, #pkts encrypt: 121, #pkts digest: 121
#pkts decaps: 118, #pkts decrypt: 118, #pkts verify: 118
inbound esp sas:
spi: 0x1B7670FC(460747004)
outbound esp sas:
spi: 0x3B31AA86(993110662)

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

驗證是否已正確配置生命週期

使用以下命令驗證當前SA生存時間和下次重新協商的時間：

• show crypto isakmp sa detail

• show crypto ipsec sa peer<NBMA-address-peer>

注意SA生存期值。如果它們接近配置的生命週期（對於ISAKMP預設為24小時，對於IPsec預設為1小時），則意味著這些SA最近進行了協商。如果您稍待片刻，然後再次協商這些協定，則ISAKMP和/或IPSec可能會上下反彈。

Router#show crypto ipsec security-assoc lifetime
Security association lifetime: 4608000 kilobytes/3600 seconds

Router#show crypto isakmp policy
Global IKE policy
Protection suite of priority 1
Encryption algorithm: DES-Data Encryption Standard (65 bit keys)
Hash algorithm: Message Digest 5
Authentication method: Pre-Shared Key
Diffie-Hellman group: #1 (768 bit)
Lifetime: 86400 seconds, no volume limit
Default protection suite
 Encryption algorithm: DES- Data Encryption Standard (56 bit keys)
 Hash algorithm: Secure Hash Standard
 Authentication method: Rivest-Shamir-Adleman Signature
 Diffie-Hellman group: #1 (768 bit)
 Lifetime: 86400 seconds, no volume limit

Router# show crypto ipsec sa
interface: Ethernet0/3
    Crypto map tag: vpn, local addr. 172.17.0.1
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.17.0.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   current_peer: 172.17.0.1:500
     PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
    #pkts encaps: 19, #pkts encrypt: 19, #pkts digest 19
    #pkts decaps: 19, #pkts decrypt: 19, #pkts verify 19
    #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
    #pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
    #send errors 1, #recv errors 0
     local crypto endpt.: 172.16.1.1, remote crypto endpt.: 172.17.0.1
     path mtu 1500, media mtu 1500
     current outbound spi: 8E1CB77A

 inbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x4579753B(1165587771)
        transform: esp-3des esp-md5-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        slot: 0, conn id: 2000, flow_id: 1, crypto map: vpn
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4456885/3531)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
outbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x8E1CB77A(2384246650)
        transform: esp-3des esp-md5-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        slot: 0, conn id: 2001, flow_id: 2, crypto map: vpn
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4456885/3531)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y  

驗證是否只在一個方向傳輸流量

分支到分支路由器之間的VPN隧道已啟動，但無法傳遞資料流量。

Spoke1# show crypto ipsec sa peer 172.16.2.11
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.2.11/255.255.255.255/47/0)
    #pkts encaps: 110, #pkts encrypt: 110
    #pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, 
local crypto endpt.: 172.16.1.1, 
remote crypto endpt.: 172.16.2.11
      inbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x4C36F4AF(1278669999)
      outbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x6AC801F4(1791492596)

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---


Spoke2#sh crypto ipsec sa peer 172.16.1.1
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.2.11/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   #pkts encaps: 116, #pkts encrypt: 116,             
   #pkts decaps: 110, #pkts decrypt: 110,  
local crypto endpt.: 172.16.2.11, 
remote crypto endpt.: 172.16.1.1
     inbound esp sas:
     spi: 0x6AC801F4(1791492596)
     outbound esp sas:
     spi: 0x4C36F4AF(1278669999

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

spoke1中沒有解封封包，這表示esp封包會在從spoke2傳回spoke1的路徑中某個地方捨棄。

spoke2路由器同時顯示encap和decap，這表示ESP流量在到達spoke2之前被過濾。它可能發生在spoke2的ISP端，或者發生在spoke2路由器和spoke1路由器之間路徑中的任何防火牆上。在允許ESP （IP通訊協定50）之後，spoke1和spoke2都會顯示封裝和解除封裝計數器增加。

spoke1# show crypto ipsec sa peer 172.16.2.11
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.2.11/255.255.255.255/47/0)
    #pkts encaps: 300, #pkts encrypt: 300
    #pkts decaps: 200, #pkts decrypt: 200

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

spoke2#sh crypto ipsec sa peer 172.16.1.1
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.2.11/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   #pkts encaps: 316, #pkts encrypt: 316,             
   #pkts decaps: 300, #pkts decrypt: 310

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

驗證已建立路由協定鄰居

分支無法建立路由協定鄰居關係：

Hub# show ip eigrp neighbors
H   Address     Interface   Hold Uptime     SRTT    RTO  	 Q  	Seq
                                  (sec)             (ms)  Cnt 	Num
2   10.0.0.9     Tu0         13  00:00:37     1    5000  	 1  	0
0   10.0.0.5     Tu0         11	 00:00:47   1587   5000  	 0 	1483
1   10.0.0.11    Tu0         13	 00:00:56     1    5000  	 1  	0
Syslog message: 
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 10: 
Neighbor 10.0.0.9 (Tunnel0) is down: retry limit exceeded

Hub# show ip route eigrp
	172.17.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       172.17.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Tunnel0
C    192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.17.0.100

驗證是否在集線器中正確配置了NHRP組播對映。

在集線器中，需要在集線器隧道介面中配置動態nhrp組播對映。

組態範例:

interface Tunnel0
 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
 ip mtu 1400
 no ip next-hop-self eigrp 10
 ip nhrp authentication test
 ip nhrp network-id 10
 no ip split-horizon eigrp 10
 tunnel mode gre multipoint

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

包含用於動態nhrp組播對映的正確條目的配置示例：

interface Tunnel0
 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
 ip mtu 1400
 no ip next-hop-self eigrp 10
 ip nhrp authentication test
 ip nhrp map multicast dynamic
 ip nhrp network-id 10
 no ip split-horizon eigrp 10
 tunnel mode gre multipoint

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

這允許NHRP自動將分支路由器增加到組播NHRP對映。 

有關詳細資訊，請參閱Cisco IOS IP編址服務命令參考中的ip nhrp map multicast dynamic   命令。