Examples
以下示例显示如何使用 pcap 文件作为输入运行 packet-tracer：
> packet-tracer input inside pcap http_get.pcap detailed xml
以下示例显示如何通过清除现有的 pcap 跟踪缓冲区并提供 pcap 文件作为输入来运行 packet-tracer：
> packet-tracer input inside pcap http_get.pcap force
以下示例跟踪了来自内部接口的 ICMP 数据包。结果表明，数据包将因反向路径验证失败 (RPF) 而被丢弃。故障原因可能是流量从路由表已知的地址进入外部接口，但与内部接口相关联，然后设备丢弃了数据包。同样，如果流量从未知源地址进入内部接口，则设备会丢弃数据包，因为匹配的路由（默认路由）指示外部接口。
> packet-tracer input inside icmp 10.15.200.2 8 0$
Phase: 1
Type: CAPTURE
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0xd793b4a0, priority=12, domain=capture, deny=false
hits=621531641, user_data=0xd7bbe720, cs_id=0x0, l3_type=0x0
src mac=0000.0000.0000, mask=0000.0000.0000
dst mac=0000.0000.0000, mask=0000.0000.0000
Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Implicit Rule
Additional Information:
Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0xd7dc31d8, priority=1, domain=permit, deny=false
hits=23451445222, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, l3_type=0x8
src mac=0000.0000.0000, mask=0000.0000.0000
dst mac=0000.0000.0000, mask=0100.0000.0000
Phase: 3
Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: input
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
in 10.15.216.0 255.255.252.0 inside
Phase: 4
Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: input
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
in 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside
Result:
input-interface: inside
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: inside
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: drop
Drop-reason: (rpf-violated) Reverse-path verify failed
以下示例跟踪从 10.100.10.10 到 10.100.11.11 的 HTTP 端口的 TCP 数据包。结果表明隐式拒绝访问规则将丢弃该数据包：
> packet-tracer input outside tcp 10.100.10.10 80 10.100.11.11 80
Phase: 1
Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: Resolve Egress Interface
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
found next-hop 10.86.116.1 using egress ifc outside
Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype:
Result: DROP
Config:
Implicit Rule
Additional Information:
Result:
input-interface: outside
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: NP Identity Ifc
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: drop
Drop-reason: (acl-drop) Flow is denied by configured rule
以下示例跟踪具有下一跳 ARP 条目的直连主机中的 TCP 数据包：
firepower(config)# packet-tracer input inside tcp 192.168.100.100 12345 192.168.102.102 80 detailed
Phase: 1
Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: No ECMP load balancing
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Destination is locally connected. No ECMP load balancing.
Found next-hop 192.168.102.102 using egress ifc outside(vrfid:0)
Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group TEST global
access-list TEST advanced trust ip any any
Additional Information:
Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0x2ae2a8aa5e90, priority=12, domain=permit, trust
hits=17, user_data=0x2ae29aabc100, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, ifc=any
dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, ifc=any, vlan=0, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=any, output_ifc=any
Phase: 3
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0x2ae2a69a7240, priority=0, domain=nat-per-session, deny=false
hits=34, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, reverse, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=6
src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=any, output_ifc=any
Phase: 4
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0x2ae2a8488800, priority=0, domain=inspect-ip-options, deny=true
hits=22, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, reverse, flags=0x0, protocol=0
src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=inside(vrfid:0), output_ifc=any
Phase: 5
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Reverse Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0x2ae2a69a7240, priority=0, domain=nat-per-session, deny=false
hits=36, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, reverse, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=6
src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=any, output_ifc=any
Phase: 6
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Reverse Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0x2ae2a893e230, priority=0, domain=inspect-ip-options, deny=true
hits=10, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, reverse, flags=0x0, protocol=0
src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=outside(vrfid:0), output_ifc=any
Phase: 7
Type: FLOW-CREATION
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
New flow created with id 21, packet dispatched to next module
Module information for forward flow ...
snp_fp_inspect_ip_options
snp_fp_tcp_normalizer
snp_fp_translate
snp_fp_adjacency
snp_fp_fragment
snp_fp_tracer_drop
snp_ifc_stat
Module information for reverse flow ...
snp_fp_inspect_ip_options
snp_fp_translate
snp_fp_tcp_normalizer
snp_fp_adjacency
snp_fp_fragment
snp_fp_tracer_drop
snp_ifc_stat
Phase: 8
Type: INPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP-FROM-OUTPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: Resolve Preferred Egress interface
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Found next-hop 192.168.102.102 using egress ifc outside(vrfid:0)
Phase: 9
Type: ADJACENCY-LOOKUP
Subtype: Resolve Nexthop IP address to MAC
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
found adjacency entry for next-hop 192.168.102.102 on interface outside
Adjacency :Active
mac address 0aaa.0bbb.00cc hits 5 reference 1
Result:
input-interface: inside(vrfid:0)
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: outside(vrfid:0)
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: allow
以下示例跟踪由于缺少有效的下一跳 ARP 条目而被丢弃的 TCP 数据包。请注意，丢弃原因提供了检查 ARP 表的提示。
<Displays same phases as in the previous example till Phase 8>
Result:
input-interface: inside(vrfid:0)
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: outside(vrfid:0)
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: drop
Drop-reason: (no-v4-adjacency) No valid V4 adjacency. Check ARP table (show arp) has entry for nexthop., Drop-location: frame snp_fp_adj_process_cb:200 flow (NA)/NA
以下示例描述了使用 NAT 和可访问的下一跳进行次优路由的数据包跟踪器：
firepower(config)# sh run route
route inside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.100.100 1
route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.102.102 10
firepower(config)# sh nat detail
Manual NAT Policies (Section 1)
1 (outside) to (dmz) source static src_real src_mapped destination static dest_real dest_mapped
translate_hits = 3, untranslate_hits = 3
Source - Origin: 9.9.9.0/24, Translated: 10.10.10.0/24
Destination - Origin: 192.168.104.0/24, Translated: 192.168.104.0/24
firepower(config)# packet-tracer input dmz tcp 192.168.104.104 12345 10.10.10.10 80 detailed
Phase: 1
Type: UN-NAT
Subtype: static
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (outside,dmz) source static src_real src_mapped destination static dest_real dest_mapped
Additional Information:
NAT divert to egress interface outside(vrfid:0)
Untranslate 10.10.10.10/80 to 9.9.9.10/80
Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group TEST global
access-list TEST advanced trust ip any any
Additional Information:
Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0x2ae2a8aa5e90, priority=12, domain=permit, trust
hits=20, user_data=0x2ae29aabc100, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, ifc=any
dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, ifc=any, vlan=0, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=any, output_ifc=any
Phase: 3
Type: NAT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (outside,dmz) source static src_real src_mapped destination static dest_real dest_mapped
Additional Information:
Static translate 192.168.104.104/12345 to 192.168.104.104/12345
Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0x2ae2a8aa4ff0, priority=6, domain=nat, deny=false
hits=4, user_data=0x2ae2a8a9d690, cs_id=0x0, flags=0x0, protocol=0
src ip/id=192.168.104.0, mask=255.255.255.0, port=0, tag=any
dst ip/id=10.10.10.0, mask=255.255.255.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=dmz(vrfid:0), output_ifc=outside(vrfid:0)
Phase: 4
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0x2ae2a69a7240, priority=0, domain=nat-per-session, deny=false
hits=40, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, reverse, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=6
src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=any, output_ifc=any
Phase: 5
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0x2ae2a89de1b0, priority=0, domain=inspect-ip-options, deny=true
hits=4, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, reverse, flags=0x0, protocol=0
src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=dmz(vrfid:0), output_ifc=any
Phase: 6
Type: NAT
Subtype: rpf-check
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (outside,dmz) source static src_real src_mapped destination static dest_real dest_mapped
Additional Information:
Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
out id=0x2ae2a8aa53d0, priority=6, domain=nat-reverse, deny=false
hits=5, user_data=0x2ae2a8a9d580, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
src ip/id=192.168.104.0, mask=255.255.255.0, port=0, tag=any
dst ip/id=9.9.9.0, mask=255.255.255.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=dmz(vrfid:0), output_ifc=outside(vrfid:0)
Phase: 7
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Reverse Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0x2ae2a69a7240, priority=0, domain=nat-per-session, deny=false
hits=42, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, reverse, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=6
src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=any, output_ifc=any
Phase: 8
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Reverse Flow based lookup yields rule:
in id=0x2ae2a893e230, priority=0, domain=inspect-ip-options, deny=true
hits=13, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, reverse, flags=0x0, protocol=0
src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
input_ifc=outside(vrfid:0), output_ifc=any
Phase: 9
Type: FLOW-CREATION
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
New flow created with id 24, packet dispatched to next module
Module information for forward flow ...
snp_fp_inspect_ip_options
snp_fp_tcp_normalizer
snp_fp_translate
snp_fp_adjacency
snp_fp_fragment
snp_fp_tracer_drop
snp_ifc_stat
Module information for reverse flow ...
snp_fp_inspect_ip_options
snp_fp_translate
snp_fp_tcp_normalizer
snp_fp_adjacency
snp_fp_fragment
snp_fp_tracer_drop
snp_ifc_stat
Phase: 10
Type: INPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP-FROM-OUTPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: Resolve Preferred Egress interface
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Found next-hop 192.168.100.100 using egress ifc inside(vrfid:0)
Phase: 11
Type: SUBOPTIMAL-LOOKUP
Subtype: suboptimal next-hop
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Input route lookup returned ifc inside is not same as existing ifc outside
Doing adjacency lookup lookup on existing ifc outside
Phase: 12
Type: NEXTHOP-LOOKUP-FROM-OUTPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: Lookup Nexthop on interface
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Found next-hop 192.168.102.102 using egress ifc outside(vrfid:0)
Phase: 13
Type: ADJACENCY-LOOKUP
Subtype: Resolve Nexthop IP address to MAC
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
found adjacency entry for Next-hop 192.168.102.102 on interface outside
Adjacency :Active
mac address 0aaa.0bbb.00cc hits 5 reference 1
Result:
input-interface: dmz(vrfid:0)
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: outside(vrfid:0)
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: allow
以下示例描述了使用 NAT 进行次优路由的数据包跟踪器，其中，由于下一跳不可达而丢弃数据包：
firepower(config)# sh run route
route inside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.100.100 1
firepower(config)# sh nat detail
Manual NAT Policies (Section 1)
1 (outside) to (dmz) source static src_real src_mapped destination static dest_real dest_mapped
translate_hits = 3, untranslate_hits = 3
Source - Origin: 9.9.9.0/24, Translated: 10.10.10.0/24
Destination - Origin: 192.168.104.0/24, Translated: 192.168.104.0/24
<Displays same phases as in the previous example till Phase 11>
Result:
input-interface: dmz(vrfid:0)
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: outside(vrfid:0)
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: drop
Drop-reason: (no-adjacency) No valid adjacency, Drop-location: frame snp_fp_adjacency_internal:5890 flow (NA)/NA
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