在CLI管理的ASA上安装和更新证书

简介

本文档介绍如何在通过CLI管理的Cisco ASA软件上请求、安装、信任和续订特定类型的证书。

先决条件

要求

• 验证自适应安全设备(ASA)具有正确的时钟时间、日期和时区。对于证书身份验证，建议使用网络时间协议 (NTP) 服务器同步 ASA 上的时间。检查相关信息以供参考。
• 要请求使用证书签名请求(CSR)的证书，需要访问受信任的内部或第三方证书颁发机构(CA)。第三方CA供应商的示例包括（但不限于）Entrust、Geotrust、GoDaddy、Thawte和VeriSign。

使用的组件

本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本：

• ASAv 9.18.1
• 创建PKCS12时，使用OpenSSL。

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。

背景信息

此文档处理的证书类型为自签名证书、第三方证书颁发机构签名的证书或内部CA，位于通过命令行界面(CLI)管理的思科自适应安全设备软件上。

证书安装

自签名证书注册

1. （可选）创建具有特定密钥大小的命名密钥对。

   注意：默认情况下，使用名称为Default-RSA-Key且大小为2048的RSA密钥；但是，建议为每个证书使用唯一的名称，以便它们不使用相同的专用/公共密钥对。

   ASAv(config)# crypto key generate rsa label SELF-SIGNED-KEYPAIR modulus 2048
   INFO: The name for the keys will be: SELF-SIGNED-KEYPAIR
   Keypair generation process begin. Please wait...

   使用命令可查看生成的密钥对 show crypto key mypubkey rsa.

   ASAv# show crypto key mypubkey rsa
   (...)
   Key pair was generated at: 14:52:49 CEDT Jul 15 2022
   Key name: SELF-SIGNED-KEYPAIR
   Usage: General Purpose Key
   Key Size (bits): 2048
   Storage: config
   Key Data:
   
   30820122 300d0609 2a864886 f70d0101 01050003 82010f00 3082010a 02820101
   ...
   59dcd7d7 c3ee77f5 bbd0988d 515e390e b8d95177 dfaf6b94 a9df474b 1ec3b4a4
   af020301 0001

2. 创建具有特定名称的信任点。自行配置注册类型。

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca trustpoint SELF-SIGNED
   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# enrollment self

3. 配置完全限定域名(FQDN)和主题名称。

   注意：FQDN参数必须与证书使用的ASA接口的FQDN或IP地址匹配。此参数设置证书的主题备用名称(SAN)。

   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# fqdn asavpn.example.com
   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# subject-name CN=asavpn.example.com,O=Example Inc,C=US,St=California,L=San Jose

4. （可选）配置步骤1中创建的密钥对名称。如果使用默认密钥对，则不需要此项。

   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# keypair SELF-SIGNED-KEYPAIR
   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# exit

5. 注册信任点并生成证书。

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca enroll SELF-SIGNED
   WARNING: The certificate enrollment is configured with an fqdn
   that differs from the system fqdn. If this certificate will be
   used for VPN authentication this may cause connection problems.
   
   Would you like to continue with this enrollment? [yes/no]: yes
   % The fully-qualified domain name in the certificate will be: asa.example.com
   % Include the device serial number in the subject name? [yes/no]: no
   Generate Self-Signed Certificate? [yes/no]: yes
   ASAv(config)# exit

6. 完成后，可以使用命令查看新的自签名证书 show crypto ca certificates .

   ASAv# show crypto ca certificates SELF-SIGNED
   Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 62d16084
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (2048 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: RSA-SHA256
   Issuer Name:
   unstructuredName=asa.example.com
   L=San Jose
   ST=California
   C=US
   O=Example Inc
   CN=asa.example.com
   Subject Name:
   unstructuredName=asa.example.com
   L=San Jose
   ST=California
   C=US
   O=Example Inc
   CN=asa.example.com
   Validity Date:
   start date: 15:00:58 CEDT Jul 15 2022
   end date: 15:00:58 CEDT Jul 12 2032
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: SELF-SIGNED

通过证书签名请求(CSR)进行注册

1. （可选）创建具有特定密钥大小的命名密钥对。

   注意：默认情况下，使用名称为Default-RSA-Key且大小为2048的RSA密钥；但是，建议为每个证书使用唯一的名称，以便它们不使用相同的专用/公共密钥对。

   ASAv(config)# crypto key generate rsa label CA-SIGNED-KEYPAIR modulus 2048
   INFO: The name for the keys will be: CA-SIGNED-KEYPAIR
   Keypair generation process begin. Please wait...

   使用命令可查看生成的密钥对 show crypto key mypubkey rsa.

   ASAv# show crypto key mypubkey rsa
   (...)
   Key pair was generated at: 14:52:49 CEDT Jul 15 2022
   Key name: CA-SIGNED-KEYPAIR
   Usage: General Purpose Key
   Key Size (bits): 2048
   Storage: config
   Key Data:
   
   30820122 300d0609 2a864886 f70d0101 01050003 82010f00 3082010a 02820101
   ...
   59dcd7d7 c3ee77f5 bbd0988d 515e390e b8d95177 dfaf6b94 a9df474b 1ec3b4a4
   af020301 0001

2. 创建具有特定名称的信任点。配置注册类型终端。

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca trustpoint CA-SIGNED
   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# enrollment terminal

3. 配置完全限定域名和主题名称。FQDN和主题CN参数必须与使用证书的服务的FQDN或IP地址匹配。

   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# fqdn asavpn.example.com
   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# subject-name CN=asavpn.example.com,O=Example Inc,C=US,St=California,L=San Jose

4. （可选）配置步骤1中创建的密钥对名称。

   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# keypair CA-SIGNED-KEYPAIR

5. （可选）使用证书撤销列表(CRL)或在线证书状态协议(OCSP)配置证书撤销检查方法。默认情况下，证书撤销检查处于禁用状态。

   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# revocation-check ocsp

6. （可选）对信任点进行身份验证，并安装将身份证书签名为受信任的CA证书。如果在此步骤中未安装CA证书，则可以稍后与身份证书一起安装。

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca authenticate CA-SIGNED
   Enter the base 64 encoded CA certificate.
   End with the word "quit" on a line by itself
   
   ASAv(config)# crypto ca authenticate CA-SIGNED
   Enter the base 64 encoded CA certificate.
   End with the word "quit" on a line by itself
   
   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIDXDCCAkSgAwIBAgIIDM/QY/h29+kwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwRTELMAkGA1UE
   BhMCUEwxDzANBgNVBAoTBnd3LXZwbjEMMAoGA1UECxMDbGFiMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5j
   YS5leGFtcGxlLmNvbTAeFw0xNTAyMDYxNDEwMDBaFw0zMDAyMDYxNDEwMDBaMEUx
   CzAJBgNVBAYTAlBMMQ8wDQYDVQQKEwZ3dy12cG4xDDAKBgNVBAsTA2xhYjEXMBUG
   A1UEAxMOY2EuZXhhbXBsZS5jb20wggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEK
   AoIBAQDI6pth5KFFTB29LynOg9/CTiOGYa+WFTcZXSLHZA6WTUzLYM19IbSFHWa6
   gTeBnHqToLRnQoB51QlxEA45ArL2G98aew8BMD08GXkxWayforwLA3U9WZVTZsVN
   4noWaXH1boGGD7+5vk0esJfL2B7pEhGodLh7Gki1T4KoqL/lDM9LqkzOctZkCT7f
   SkXvFik1Z1cZEGn6b2umnIqaVZ81ewIuTHOX48ls3uxTPH8+B5QG0+d1waOsbCWk
   oK5sEPpHZ3IQuVxGiirp/zmomzxl4G/tel6eyMOpjpnVtDYjQ9HNkQdQT5LKwRsX
   Oj9xKnYCbPfg3p2FdH7wJh1lK3prAgMBAAGjUDBOMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wHQYD
   VR0OBBYEFE55kZsbra9b9tLFV52U47em9uXaMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFE55kZsbra9b
   9tLFV52U47em9uXaMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQArsXlFwK3jlNBwOsYh5mqT
   cGqeyDMRhs3Rs/wD25M2wkAF4AYZHgN9gK9VCK+ModKMQZy4X/uhj65NDU7oFf6f
   z9kqaRijsx153jV/YLk8E9oAIatnA/fQfX6V+h74yqucfF1js3d1FjyV14odRPwM
   0jRyjalH56BFlackNc7KRddtVxYB9sfEbFhN8odlBvnUedxGAJFHqxEQKmBE+h4w
   gW8YnHOvM08svyTXSLlJf0UCdmAY+lG0gqhUlSlkFBtLRt6Z2uCot00NoMHI0hh5
   dcVcovOi/PAxnrAlJ+Ng2jrWFN3MXWZO4S3CHYMGkWqHkaHChlqDOx9badgfsyzz
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----
   
   quit
   
   INFO: Certificate has the following attributes:
   Fingerprint: e9ad165c 2673424c 6e7e0c5f b30b4a02
   Do you accept this certificate? [yes/no]: yes
   WARNING: CA certificates can be used to validate VPN connections,
   by default. Please adjust the validation-usage of this
   trustpoint to limit the validation scope, if necessary.
   
   Trustpoint CA certificate accepted.
   
   % Certificate successfully imported

7. 注册证书并生成可复制并发送到CA进行签名的CSR。CSR包括信任点使用的密钥对中的公钥。签名证书只能由具有该密钥对的设备使用。

   注意：签署CSR和创建签名身份证书时，CA可以更改信任点中定义的FQDN和主题名称参数。

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca enroll CA-SIGNED
   WARNING: The certificate enrollment is configured with an fqdn
   that differs from the system fqdn. If this certificate will be
   used for VPN authentication this may cause connection problems.
   
   Would you like to continue with this enrollment? [yes/no]: yes
   % Start certificate enrollment ..
   % The subject name in the certificate will be: CN=asavpn.example.com,O=Example Inc,C=US,St=California,L=San Jose
   
   % The fully-qualified domain name in the certificate will be: asavpn.example.com
   
   % Include the device serial number in the subject name? [yes/no]: no
   
   Display Certificate Request to terminal? [yes/no]: yes
   Certificate Request follows:
   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
   MIIDHzCCAgcCAQAwgYsxGzAZBgNVBAMMEmFzYXZwbi5leGFtcGxlLmNvbTEUMBIG
   A1UECgwLRXhhbXBsZSBJbmMxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQIDApDYWxpZm9y
   bmlhMREwDwYDVQQHDAhTYW4gSm9zZTEhMB8GCSqGSIb3DQEJAgwSYXNhdnBuLmV4
   YW1wbGUuY29tMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA5cvZVr1j
   Me8Mz4T3vgT1Z8DAAR0avs/TBdYiqGdjyiV/3K92IIT/0r8cuAUe5rR4sjTvaXYC
   SycSbwKc4kZbr3x120ss8Itd5g4kBdrUSCprl+VMiTphQgBTAqRPk0vFX4rC8k/T
   0PFDE+2gjT1wMn9reb92jYrolGK4MWZdCzqowLPjEj5cCwu8Pv5h4hqTpudms+v4
   g3R1OODmeyv4uEMYLS/noPxZXZ8YiQMiG2EP2Bg0KOT3Fzx0mVuekonQtRhiZt+c
   zyyfSRoqyBSakEZBwABod8q1Eg5J/pH130JlitOUJEyIlFoVHqv3jL7zfA9ilInu
   NaHkir062VQNXwIDAQABoE4wDwYJKoZIhvcNAQkHMQITADA7BgkqhkiG9w0BCQ4x
   LjAsMAsGA1UdDwQEAwIFoDAdBgNVHREEFjAUghJhc2F2cG4uZXhhbXBsZS5jb20w
   DQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAM3Q3zvp9G3MWP7R4wkpnBOH2CNUmPENIhHNjQjH
   Yh08EOvWyoo9FaLfHKVDLvFXh0vn5osXBmPLuVps6Ta4sBRUNicRoAmmA0pDWL9z
   Duu8BQnBGuN08T/H3ydjaNoPJ/f6EZ8gXY29NXEKb/+A2Tt0VVUTsYreGS+84Gqo
   ixFOtW8R50IXg+afAVOAh81xVUFOvuAi9DsiuvufMb4wdngQSOel/B9Zgp/BfGMl
   l0ApgejACoJAGmyrn9Tj6Z/6/lbpKBKpf4VE5UXdj7WLAjw5JF/X2NrH3/cQsczi
   G2Yg2dr3WpkTIY2W/kVohTiohVRkgXOMCecUaMlYxJyLTRQ=
   -----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
   
   Redisplay enrollment request? [yes/no]: no

8. 导入身份证书。签署CSR后，提供身份证书。

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca import CA-SIGNED certificate
   WARNING: The certificate enrollment is configured with an fqdn
   that differs from the system fqdn. If this certificate will be
   used for VPN authentication this may cause connection problems.

   Would you like to continue with this enrollment? [yes/no]: yes
   
   % The fully-qualified domain name in the certificate will be: asavpn.example.com
   
   Enter the base 64 encoded certificate.
   End with the word "quit" on a line by itself
   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIDoTCCAomgAwIBAgIIKbLY8Qt8N5gwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwRTELMAkGA1UE
   BhMCUEwxDzANBgNVBAoTBnd3LXZwbjEMMAoGA1UECxMDbGFiMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5j
   (...)
   kzAihRuFqmYYUeQP2Byp/S5fNqUcyZfAczIHt8BcPmVO9l6iSF/ULGlzXMSOUX6N
   d/LHXwrcTpc1zU+7qx3TpVDZbJlwwF+BWTBlxgM0BosJx65u/n75KnbBhGUE75jV
   HX2eRzuhnnSVExCoeyed7DLiezD8
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----
   quit
   INFO: Certificate successfully imported

9. 验证证书链。完成后，可以使用命令查看新的身份证书和CA证书 show crypto ca certificates .

   ASAv# show crypto ca certificates CA-SIGNED
   CA Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 0ccfd063f876f7e9
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (2048 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: RSA-SHA256
   Issuer Name:
   CN=ca.example.com
   OU=lab
   O=ww-vpn
   C=PL
   Subject Name:
   CN=ca.example.com
   OU=lab
   O=ww-vpn
   C=PL
   Validity Date:
   start date: 15:10:00 CEST Feb 6 2015
   end date: 15:10:00 CEST Feb 6 2030
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: CA-SIGNED
   
   Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 29b2d8f10b7c3798
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (2048 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: RSA-SHA256
   Issuer Name:
   CN=ca.example.com
   OU=lab
   O=ww-vpn
   C=PL
   Subject Name:
   unstructuredName=asavpn.example.com
   L=San Jose
   ST=California
   C=US
   O=Example Inc
   CN=asavpn.example.com
   Validity Date:
   start date: 15:33:00 CEDT Jul 15 2022
   end date: 15:33:00 CEDT Jul 15 2023
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: CA-SIGNED

PKCS12注册

使用从您的CA接收的PKCS12文件，该文件包含密钥对、身份证书和（可选）CA证书链。

1. 创建具有特定名称的信任点。

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca trustpoint Trustpoint-PKCS12
   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# exit

   注意：导入的密钥对以信任点名称命名。

2. （可选）使用证书撤销列表(CRL)或在线证书状态协议(OCSP)配置证书撤销检查方法。默认情况下，证书撤销检查处于禁用状态。

   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# revocation-check ocsp

3. 从PKCS12文件导入证书。

   注意：PKCS12文件需要采用base64编码。如果在文本编辑器中打开文件时看到可打印字符，则该文件是base64编码的。若要将二进制文件转换为base64编码形式，可使用openssl。

   openssl enc -base64 -in asavpnpkcs12chain.example.com.pfx -out asavpnpkcs12chain.example.com.pfx.txt

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca import TP-PKCS12 pkcs12 cisco123
   
   Enter the base 64 encoded pkcs12.
   End with the word "quit" on a line by itself:
   MIIN4gIBAzCCDawGCSqGSIb3DQEHAaCCDZ0Egg2ZMIINlTCCCBcGCSqGSIb3DQEH
   BqCCCAgwgggEAgEAMIIH/QYJKoZIhvcNAQcBMBwGCiqGSIb3DQEMAQMwDgQIiK0c
   wqE3Tm0CAggAgIIH0NjxmJBuoPRuYl1VxTiawHzsL8kIl03lOj7tcWmECBwzsKKq
   (...)
   PXowMwYJKoZIhvcNAQkUMSYeJABhAHMAYQB2AHAAbgAuAGUAeABhAG0AcABsAGUA
   LgBjAG8AbTAtMCEwCQYFKw4DAhoFAAQUPXZZtBeqlh98wQljHW7J/hqoKcwECD05
   dnxCNJx6
   quit
   
   Trustpoint CA certificate accepted.
   WARNING: CA certificates can be used to validate VPN connections,
   by default. Please adjust the validation-usage of this
   trustpoint to limit the validation scope, if necessary.
   
   INFO: Import PKCS12 operation completed successfully.
   

4. 验证安装的证书。

   ASAv# show crypto ca certificates TP-PKCS12
   
   Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 2b368f75e1770fd0
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (2048 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: RSA-SHA256
   Issuer Name:
   CN=ca.example.com
   OU=lab
   O=ww-vpn
   C=PL
   Subject Name:
   unstructuredName=asavpn.example.com
   CN=asavpnpkcs12chain.example.com
   O=Example Inc
   L=San Jose
   ST=California
   C=US
   Validity Date:
   start date: 15:33:00 CEDT Jul 15 2022
   end date: 15:33:00 CEDT Jul 15 2023
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: TP-PKCS12
   
   CA Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 0ccfd063f876f7e9
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (2048 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: RSA-SHA256
   Issuer Name:
   CN=ca.example.com
   OU=lab
   O=ww-vpn
   C=PL
   Subject Name:
   CN=ca.example.com
   OU=lab
   O=ww-vpn
   C=PL
   Validity Date:
   start date: 15:10:00 CEST Feb 6 2015
   end date: 15:10:00 CEST Feb 6 2030
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: TP-PKCS12

   在上一个示例中，PKCS12包含身份和CA证书 — 两个条目 — 证书和CA证书。否则，仅存在证书。

5. （可选）验证信任点。

   如果PKCS12不包含CA证书，并且CA证书是以PEM格式单独获得的，则可以手动安装。

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca authenticate TP-PKCS12
   Enter the base 64 encoded CA certificate.
   End with the word "quit" on a line by itself
   
   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIDXDCCAkSgAwIBAgIIDM/QY/h29+kwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwRTELMAkGA1UE
   BhMCUEwxDzANBgNVBAoTBnd3LXZwbjEMMAoGA1UECxMDbGFiMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5j
   (...)
   gW8YnHOvM08svyTXSLlJf0UCdmAY+lG0gqhUlSlkFBtLRt6Z2uCot00NoMHI0hh5
   dcVcovOi/PAxnrAlJ+Ng2jrWFN3MXWZO4S3CHYMGkWqHkaHChlqDOx9badgfsyzz
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----
   quit
   
   INFO: Certificate has the following attributes:
   Fingerprint: e9ad165c 2673424c 6e7e0c5f b30b4a02
   Do you accept this certificate? [yes/no]: yes
   
   WARNING: CA certificates can be used to validate VPN connections,
   by default. Please adjust the validation-usage of this
   trustpoint to limit the validation scope, if necessary.
   
   Trustpoint CA certificate accepted.
   
   % Certificate successfully imported
   

证书续订

续订自签名证书

1. 检查当前证书到期日期。

   # show crypto ca certificates SELF-SIGNED
   Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 62d16084
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (2048 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: RSA-SHA256
   Issuer Name:
   unstructuredName=asa.example.com
   L=San Jose
   ST=California
   C=US
   O=Example Inc
   CN=asa.example.com
   Subject Name:
   unstructuredName=asa.example.com
   L=San Jose
   ST=California
   C=US
   O=Example Inc
   CN=asa.example.com
   Validity Date:
   start date: 15:00:58 CEDT Jul 15 2022
   end date: 15:00:58 CEDT Jul 12 2032
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: SELF-SIGNED

2. 重新生成证书。

   ASAv# conf t
   ASAv(config)# crypto ca enroll SELF-SIGNED
   WARNING: The certificate enrollment is configured with an fqdn
   that differs from the system fqdn. If this certificate will be
   used for VPN authentication this may cause connection problems.
   Would you like to continue with this enrollment? [yes/no]: yes
   
   WARNING: Trustpoint TP has already enrolled and has
   a device cert issued to it.
   If you successfully re-enroll this trustpoint,
   the current certificate will be replaced.
   Do you want to continue with re-enrollment? [yes/no]: yes
   % The fully-qualified domain name in the certificate will be: asa.example.com
   % Include the device serial number in the subject name? [yes/no]: no
   Generate Self-Signed Certificate? [yes/no]: yes
   ASAv(config)# exit
   

3. 验证新证书。

   ASAv# show crypto ca certificates SELF-SIGNED
   Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 62d16085
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (2048 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: RSA-SHA256
   Issuer Name:
   unstructuredName=asa.example.com
   L=San Jose
   ST=California
   C=US
   O=Example Inc
   CN=asa.example.com
   Subject Name:
   unstructuredName=asa.example.com
   L=San Jose
   ST=California
   C=US
   O=Example Inc
   CN=asa.example.com
   Validity Date:
   start date: 15:09:09 CEDT Jul 20 2022
   end date: 15:09:09 CEDT Jul 17 2032
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: SELF-SIGNED
   

使用证书签名请求(CSR)注册续订证书

注意：如果需要更改新证书的任何新证书元素（subject/fqdn、密钥对），则创建新证书。请参阅使用证书签名请求(CSR)注册部分。下一个过程只是刷新证书到期日期。

1. 检查当前证书到期日期。

   ASAv# show crypto ca certificates CA-SIGNED
   
   Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 29b2d8f10b7c3798
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (2048 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: RSA-SHA256
   Issuer Name:
   CN=ca.example.com
   OU=lab
   O=ww-vpn
   C=PL
   Subject Name:
   unstructuredName=asavpn.example.com
   L=San Jose
   ST=California
   C=US
   O=Example Inc
   CN=asavpn.example.com
   Validity Date:
   start date: 15:33:00 CEDT Jul 15 2022
   end date: 15:33:00 CEDT Jul 15 2023
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: CA-SIGNED
   
   Certificate
   Subject Name:
   Status: Pending terminal enrollment
   Key Usage: General Purpose
   Fingerprint: 790aa617 c30c6894 0bdc0327 0d60b032
   Associated Trustpoint: CA-SIGNED
   

2. 注册证书。生成可复制的CSR并发送到CA进行签名。CSR包括信任点使用的密钥对中的公钥 — 签名的证书只能由具有该密钥对的设备使用。

   注意：签署CSR和创建签名身份证书时，CA可以更改信任点中定义的FQDN和主题名称参数。

   注意：对于同一信任点，在不更改主题/fqdn和密钥对配置的情况下，后续注册与初始注册提供相同的CSR。

   ASAv# conf t
   ASAv(config)# crypto ca enroll CA-SIGNED
   
   WARNING: The certificate enrollment is configured with an fqdn
   that differs from the system fqdn. If this certificate will be
   used for VPN authentication this may cause connection problems.
   Would you like to continue with this enrollment? [yes/no]: yes
   
   % Start certificate enrollment ..
   % The subject name in the certificate will be: CN=asavpn.example.com,O=Example Inc,C=US,St=California,L=San Jose
   % The fully-qualified domain name in the certificate will be: asavpn.example.com
   % Include the device serial number in the subject name? [yes/no]: no
   Display Certificate Request to terminal? [yes/no]: yes
   Certificate Request follows:
   
   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
   MIIDHzCCAgcCAQAwgYsxGzAZBgNVBAMMEmFzYXZwbi5leGFtcGxlLmNvbTEUMBIG
   A1UECgwLRXhhbXBsZSBJbmMxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQIDApDYWxpZm9y
   bmlhMREwDwYDVQQHDAhTYW4gSm9zZTEhMB8GCSqGSIb3DQEJAgwSYXNhdnBuLmV4
   YW1wbGUuY29tMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA5cvZVr1j
   Me8Mz4T3vgT1Z8DAAR0avs/TBdYiqGdjyiV/3K92IIT/0r8cuAUe5rR4sjTvaXYC
   SycSbwKc4kZbr3x120ss8Itd5g4kBdrUSCprl+VMiTphQgBTAqRPk0vFX4rC8k/T
   0PFDE+2gjT1wMn9reb92jYrolGK4MWZdCzqowLPjEj5cCwu8Pv5h4hqTpudms+v4
   g3R1OODmeyv4uEMYLS/noPxZXZ8YiQMiG2EP2Bg0KOT3Fzx0mVuekonQtRhiZt+c
   zyyfSRoqyBSakEZBwABod8q1Eg5J/pH130JlitOUJEyIlFoVHqv3jL7zfA9ilInu
   NaHkir062VQNXwIDAQABoE4wDwYJKoZIhvcNAQkHMQITADA7BgkqhkiG9w0BCQ4x
   LjAsMAsGA1UdDwQEAwIFoDAdBgNVHREEFjAUghJhc2F2cG4uZXhhbXBsZS5jb20w
   DQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAM3Q3zvp9G3MWP7R4wkpnBOH2CNUmPENIhHNjQjH
   Yh08EOvWyoo9FaLfHKVDLvFXh0vn5osXBmPLuVps6Ta4sBRUNicRoAmmA0pDWL9z
   Duu8BQnBGuN08T/H3ydjaNoPJ/f6EZ8gXY29NXEKb/+A2Tt0VVUTsYreGS+84Gqo
   ixFOtW8R50IXg+afAVOAh81xVUFOvuAi9DsiuvufMb4wdngQSOel/B9Zgp/BfGMl
   l0ApgejACoJAGmyrn9Tj6Z/6/lbpKBKpf4VE5UXdj7WLAjw5JF/X2NrH3/cQsczi
   G2Yg2dr3WpkTIY2W/kVohTiohVRkgXOMCecUaMlYxJyLTRQ=
   -----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
   
   Redisplay enrollment request? [yes/no]: no
   

3. 导入身份证书。签署CSR后，提供身份证书。

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca import CA-SIGNED certificate
   
   WARNING: The certificate enrollment is configured with an fqdn
   that differs from the system fqdn. If this certificate will be
   used for VPN authentication this may cause connection problems.
   Would you like to continue with this enrollment? [yes/no]: yes
   
   % The fully-qualified domain name in the certificate will be: asavpn.example.com
   
   Enter the base 64 encoded certificate.
   End with the word "quit" on a line by itself
   
   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIDgTCCAmmgAwIBAgIIMA+aIxCtNtMwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwRTELMAkGA1UE
   BhMCUEwxDzANBgNVBAoTBnd3LXZwbjEMMAoGA1UECxMDbGFiMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5j
   YS5leGFtcGxlLmNvbTAeFw0yMjA3MjAxNDA5MDBaFw0yMzA3MjAxNDA5MDBaMIGL
   MRswGQYDVQQDDBJhc2F2cG4uZXhhbXBsZS5jb20xFDASBgNVBAoMC0V4YW1wbGUg
   SW5jMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UECAwKQ2FsaWZvcm5pYTERMA8GA1UEBwwI
   U2FuIEpvc2UxITAfBgkqhkiG9w0BCQIMEmFzYXZwbi5leGFtcGxlLmNvbTCCASIw
   DQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAOXL2Va9YzHvDM+E974E9WfAwAEd
   Gr7P0wXWIqhnY8olf9yvdiCE/9K/HLgFHua0eLI072l2AksnEm8CnOJGW698ddtL
   LPCLXeYOJAXa1Egqa5flTIk6YUIAUwKkT5NLxV+KwvJP09DxQxPtoI09cDJ/a3m/
   do2K6JRiuDFmXQs6qMCz4xI+XAsLvD7+YeIak6bnZrPr+IN0dTjg5nsr+LhDGC0v
   56D8WV2fGIkDIhthD9gYNCjk9xc8dJlbnpKJ0LUYYmbfnM8sn0kaKsgUmpBGQcAA
   aHfKtRIOSf6R9d9CZYrTlCRMiJRaFR6r94y+83wPYpSJ7jWh5Iq9OtlUDV8CAwEA
   AaMuMCwwCwYDVR0PBAQDAgWgMB0GA1UdEQQWMBSCEmFzYXZwbi5leGFtcGxlLmNv
   bTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAfQUchY4UjhjkySMJAh7NT3TT5JJ4NzqW8qHa
   wNq+YyHR+sQ6G3vn+6cYCU87tqWlY3fXC27TwweREwMbq8NsJrr80hsChYby8kwE
   LnTkrN7dJBl7u5OVQ3DRjfmFrJ9LEUaYZx1HYvcS1kAeEeVB4VJwVzeujWepcmEM
   p7cB6veTcF9rulDVRImd0KYEOx+HYav2INT2udc0G1yDwml/mqdf0/ON2SpBBpnE
   gtiKshtsST/NAw25WjkrDIfN8uR2z5xpzxnEDUBoHOipGlgb1I6G1ARXWO+LwfBl
   n1QD5b/RdQOUbLCpfKNPdE/9wNnoXGDlJ7qfZxrO4T7ld2Idug==
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----
   quit
   
   INFO: Certificate successfully imported

4. 验证新证书到期日期。

   ASAv# show crypto ca certificates CA-SIGNED
   Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 300f9a2310ad36d3
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (2048 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: RSA-SHA256
   Issuer Name:
   CN=ca.example.com
   OU=lab
   O=ww-vpn
   C=PL
   Subject Name:
   unstructuredName=asavpn.example.com
   L=San Jose
   ST=California
   C=US
   O=Example Inc
   CN=asavpn.example.com
   Validity Date:
   start date: 16:09:00 CEDT Jul 20 2022
   end date: 16:09:00 CEDT Jul 20 2023
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: CA-SIGNED
   

PKCS12续订

无法在使用PKCS12文件注册的信任点中续订证书。要安装新证书，需要创建新的信任点。

1. 创建具有特定名称的信任点。

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca trustpoint Trustpoint-PKCS12-2022
   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# exit

2. （可选）使用证书撤销列表(CRL)或在线证书状态协议(OCSP)配置证书撤销检查方法。默认情况下，证书撤销检查处于禁用状态。

   ASAv(config-ca-trustpoint)# revocation-check ocsp

3. 从PKCS12文件导入新证书。

   注意：PKCS12文件需要采用base64编码。如果在文本编辑器中打开文件时看到可打印字符，则该文件是base64编码的。要将二进制文件转换为base64编码形式，可以使用openssl。

   openssl enc -base64 -in asavpnpkcs12chain.example.com.pfx -out asavpnpkcs12chain.example.com.pfx.txt

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca import TP-PKCS12-2022 pkcs12 cisco123
   
   Enter the base 64 encoded pkcs12.
   End with the word "quit" on a line by itself:
   MIIN4gIBAzCCDawGCSqGSIb3DQEHAaCCDZ0Egg2ZMIINlTCCCBcGCSqGSIb3DQEH
   BqCCCAgwgggEAgEAMIIH/QYJKoZIhvcNAQcBMBwGCiqGSIb3DQEMAQMwDgQIiK0c
   wqE3Tm0CAggAgIIH0NjxmJBuoPRuYl1VxTiawHzsL8kIl03lOj7tcWmECBwzsKKq
   (...)
   PXowMwYJKoZIhvcNAQkUMSYeJABhAHMAYQB2AHAAbgAuAGUAeABhAG0AcABsAGUA
   LgBjAG8AbTAtMCEwCQYFKw4DAhoFAAQUPXZZtBeqlh98wQljHW7J/hqoKcwECD05
   dnxCNJx6
   quit
   
   Trustpoint CA certificate accepted.
   WARNING: CA certificates can be used to validate VPN connections,
   by default. Please adjust the validation-usage of this
   trustpoint to limit the validation scope, if necessary.
   
   INFO: Import PKCS12 operation completed successfully.
   

   注意：如果新的PKCS12文件包含与旧证书使用的密钥对相同的身份证书，则新的信任点引用旧密钥对名称。
   示例：

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca import TP-PKCS12-2022 pkcs12 cisco123
   
   Enter the base 64 encoded pkcs12. End with the word "quit" on a line by itself:
   
   MIIN4gIBAzCCDawGCSqGSIb3DQEHAaCCDZ0Egg2ZMIINlTCCCBcGCSqGSIb3DQEH
   ...
   dnxCNJx6
   quit
   
   WARNING: Identical public key already exists as TP-PKCS12
   
   ASAv(config)# show run crypto ca trustpoint TP-PKCS12-2022
   crypto ca trustpoint TP-PKCS12-2022
    keypair TP-PKCS12
    no validation-usage crl configure
   

4. 验证安装的证书。

   ASAv# show crypto ca certificates TP-PKCS12-2022
   
   Certificate
    Status: Available 
    Certificate Serial Number: 2b368f75e1770fd0
    Certificate Usage: General Purpose
    Public Key Type: RSA (2048 bits)
    Signature Algorithm: RSA-SHA256
    Issuer Name: CN=ca.example.com OU=lab O=ww-vpn C=PL
    Subject Name: unstructuredName=asavpn.example.com CN=asavpnpkcs12chain.example.com O=Example Inc L=San Jose ST=California C=US
    Validity Date:
    start date: 15:33:00 CEDT Jul 15 2022
    end date: 15:33:00 CEDT Jul 15 2023
    Storage: config
    Associated Trustpoints: TP-PKCS12-2022
   
   CA Certificate
    Status: Available
    Certificate Serial Number: 0ccfd063f876f7e9
    Certificate Usage: General Purpose
    Public Key Type: RSA (2048 bits)
    Signature Algorithm: RSA-SHA256 
    Issuer Name: CN=ca.example.com OU=lab O=ww-vpn C=PL
    Subject Name: CN=ca.example.com OU=lab O=ww-vpn C=PL
    Validity Date:
    start date: 15:10:00 CEST Feb 6 2015
    end date: 15:10:00 CEST Feb 6 2030
    Storage: config
    Associated Trustpoints: TP-PKCS12-2022
   

   在上一个示例中，PKCS12包含身份证书和CA证书，因此，在导入后可以看到两个条目：证书和CA证书。否则，仅存在证书条目。

5. （可选）验证信任点。

   如果PKCS12不包含CA证书，并且CA证书是以PEM格式单独获得的，则可以手动安装。

   ASAv(config)# crypto ca authenticate TP-PKCS12-2022
   Enter the base 64 encoded CA certificate.
   End with the word "quit" on a line by itself
   
   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIDXDCCAkSgAwIBAgIIDM/QY/h29+kwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwRTELMAkGA1UE
   BhMCUEwxDzANBgNVBAoTBnd3LXZwbjEMMAoGA1UECxMDbGFiMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5j
   (...)
   gW8YnHOvM08svyTXSLlJf0UCdmAY+lG0gqhUlSlkFBtLRt6Z2uCot00NoMHI0hh5
   dcVcovOi/PAxnrAlJ+Ng2jrWFN3MXWZO4S3CHYMGkWqHkaHChlqDOx9badgfsyzz
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----
   quit
   
   INFO: Certificate has the following attributes:
   Fingerprint: e9ad165c 2673424c 6e7e0c5f b30b4a02
   Do you accept this certificate? [yes/no]: yes
   
   WARNING: CA certificates can be used to validate VPN connections,
   by default. Please adjust the validation-usage of this
   trustpoint to limit the validation scope, if necessary.
   
   Trustpoint CA certificate accepted.
   
   % Certificate successfully imported
   

6. 重新配置ASA以使用新信任点而不是旧信任点。

示例：

ASAv# show running-config ssl trust-point 
ssl trust-point TP-PKCS12
ASAv# conf t
ASAv(config)#ssl trust-point TP-PKCS12-2022
ASAv(config)#exit

注意：信任点可用于不同的配置元素。检查使用旧信任点的配置。

相关信息

如何在ASA上配置时间设置。

有关在ASA上正确设置时间和日期所需的步骤，请参阅《思科ASA系列常规操作CLI配置指南9.18》。https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/asa/asa918/configuration/general/asa-918-general-config/basic-hostname-pw.html#ID-2130-000001bf