在ASA和FTD之间配置基于路由的站点到站点VPN

简介

本文档介绍如何通过FMC将动态路由BGP配置为重叠，在ASA和FTD之间配置基于路由的站点到站点VPN隧道。

先决条件

要求

Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：

• 对IPsec站点到站点VPN的基本了解
• Firepower威胁防御托管(FTD)和自适应安全设备(ASA)上的边界网关协议(BGP)配置
• 具有Firepower管理中心(FMC)的经验

使用的组件

• 思科ASAv版本9.20(2)2
• 思科FMC版本7.4.1
• 思科FTD版本7.4.1

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。

背景信息

基于路由的VPN允许确定要加密或通过VPN隧道发送的相关流量，并且使用流量路由而不是策略/访问列表（如基于策略或基于加密映射的VPN中）。加密域设置为允许任何进入IPsec隧道的流量。IPsec本地和远程流量选择器设置为0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0。路由到IPsec隧道的所有流量都会被加密，与源/目标子网无关。

本文档重点介绍将动态路由BGP作为重叠的静态虚拟隧道接口(SVTI)配置。

配置

本节介绍通过SVTI IPSec隧道启用BGP接近性时在ASA和FTD上所需的配置。

网络图

网络图

配置

使用FMC在FTD上配置IPSec VPN

步骤1.导航至Devices > VPN > Site To Site。

步骤2.单击+Site to Site VPN。

站点到站点 VPN

步骤3.提供一个Topology Name，然后选择Type of VPN作为Route Based (VTI)。选择IKE Version。

在本演示中：

• 拓扑名称：ASAv-VTI
• IKE版本：IKEv2

VPN拓扑

步骤4.选Device择需要配置隧道的接口。您可以添加新的虚拟隧道接口(点击图标+)，或者从现有列表中选择一个接口。

终端节点A

步骤5.定义参数New Virtual Tunnel Interface。单击。Ok

在本演示中：

• 名称：ASA-VTI
• 说明（可选）：带外网ASA的VTI隧道
• 安全区域:VTI区域
• 隧道ID:1
• IP Address:169.254.2.1/24
• 通道来源:GigabitEthernet0/1（外部）
• IPsec隧道模式：IPv4

虚拟通道接口

步骤6.点OK击弹出窗口，提示已创建新的VTI。

已添加虚拟隧道接口

步骤7.选择新创建的VTI或下面的Virtual Tunnel Interface。提供节点B（对等设备）的信息。

在本演示中：

• 设备:外联网
• 设备名称：ASAv-Peer
• 终端IP地址：10.197.226.187

终端节点B

步骤8.导航到IKE选项卡。点击  .您可以选择使用预定义Policy，或单+击选项卡旁Policy的按钮以创建新选项。

步骤9.（可选，如果创建新的IKEv2策略。） 为策Name略提供一个并选Algorithms择要在策略中使用的。单击。Save

在本演示中：

• 名称：ASAv-IKEv2-policy
• 完整性算法：SHA-256
• 加密算法：AES-256
• PRF算法：SHA-256
• Diffie-Hellman 组:14

IKEv2-Policy

步骤10.选择新创建的Policy或存Policy在的。选择Authentication Type。如果使用预共享手动密钥，请在和框中输Key入Confirm Key 密钥。

在本演示中：

• 策略：ASAv-IKEv2-Policy
• 认证类型:预共享手动密钥

身份验证

步骤11.定位至选项IPsec 卡。点击  可以选择使用预定义的IKEv2 IPsec建议或创建新建议。点击选+项卡旁边的按IKEv2 IPsec Proposal 钮。

步骤12.（可选，如果创建新的IKEv2 IPsec提议。） 输入建Name议的编号，然后选Algorithms择要在建议中使用的编号。单击。Save

在本演示中：

• 名称：ASAv-IPSec-Policy
• ESP散列：SHA-256
• ESP 加密:AES-256

IKEv2-IPsec-Proposal

步骤13.从可用建议ProposalProposal列表中选择新创建的或现有建议。单击。OK

变换集

步骤14.（可选）选择设Perfect Forward Secrecy置。配置IPsecLifetime Duration and Lifetime Size。

在本演示中：

• Perfect Forward Secrecy：模数组14
• 生存时间：28800 (Default)
• 生存期大小：4608000 (Default)

PFS配置

步骤15.检查配置的设置。单击Save，如图所示。

保存配置

使用FMC在FTD上配置环回接口

导航至Devices > Device Management。编辑需要配置环回的设备。

步骤1.转到Interfaces > Add Interfaces > Loopback Interface。

导航至环回接口

步骤2.输入名称“loopback”，提供环回ID“1”并启用接口。

启用环回接口

步骤3.配置接口的IP地址，单击OK。 

为环回接口提供IP地址

在ASA上配置IPSec VPN

!--- Configure IKEv2 Policy ---!

crypto ikev2 policy 1
encryption aes-256
integrity sha256
group 14
prf sha256
lifetime seconds 86400




!--- Enable IKEv2 on the outside interface ---!

crypto ikev2 enable outside




!---Configure Tunnel-Group with pre-shared-key---!

tunnel-group 10.197.226.222 type ipsec-l2l
tunnel-group 10.197.226.222 ipsec-attributes
ikev2 remote-authentication pre-shared-key *****
ikev2 local-authentication pre-shared-key *****




!--- Configure IPSec Policy ---!

crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal ipsec_proposal_for_FTD
protocol esp encryption aes-256
protocol esp integrity sha-256




!--- Configure IPSec Profile ---!

crypto ipsec profile ipsec_profile_for_FTD
set ikev2 ipsec-proposal FTD-ipsec-proposal
set pfs group14




!--- Configure VTI ---!

interface Tunnel1
nameif FTD-VTI
ip address 169.254.2.2 255.255.255.0 
tunnel source interface outside
tunnel destination 10.197.226.222
tunnel mode ipsec ipv4
tunnel protection ipsec profile ipsec_profile_for_FTD




!--- Configure the WAN routes ---!

route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.197.226.1 1

在ASA上配置环回接口

interface Loopback1
nameif loopback
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

使用FMC在FTD上配置重叠BGP

导航至Devices > Device ManagementEdit。配置VTI隧道的设备，然后导航至Routing > General Settings > BGP。

步骤1.启用BGP并配置自治系统(AS)编号和路由器ID，如下图所示。

设备FTD和ASA上的AS编号必须相同。

路由器ID用于标识参与BGP的每个路由器。

导航到配置BGP

步骤2.导航到BGP > IPv4，并在FTD上启用BGP IPv4。

启用BGP

步骤3.在选Neighbor项卡下，将ASAv VTI隧道IP地址添加为邻居并启用邻居。

添加BGP邻居

步骤4.在Networks下，添加要通过BGP通告且需要通过VTI隧道的网络（在本例中为loopback1）。

添加BGP网络

步骤5.所有其他BGP设置都是可选的，您可以根据您的环境进行配置。检验配置并单击Save。

保存BGP配置

步骤6.部署所有配置。

部署

在ASA上配置重叠BGP

router bgp 1000
bgp log-neighbor-changes
bgp router-id 10.1.1.2
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 169.254.2.1 remote-as 1000
neighbor 169.254.2.1 transport path-mtu-discovery disable
neighbor 169.254.2.1 activate
network 1.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family

验证

使用本部分可确认配置能否正常运行。

FTD上的输出

#show crypto ikev2 sa
IKEv2 SAs:
Session-id:20, Status:UP-ACTIVE, IKE count:1, CHILD count:1

Tunnel-id         Local                   Remote                fvrf/ivrf          Status       Role
666846307         10.197.226.222/500      10.197.226.187/500    Global/Global      READY        RESPONDER
Encr: AES-CBC, keysize: 256, Hash: SHA256, DH Grp:14, Auth sign: PSK, Auth verify: PSK
Life/Active Time: 86400/1201 sec
Child sa: local selector 0.0.0.0/0 - 255.255.255.255/65535
          remote selector 0.0.0.0/0 - 255.255.255.255/65535
          ESP spi in/out: 0xa14edaf6/0x8540d49e

#show crypto ipsec sa
interface: ASAv-VTI
Crypto map tag: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1, seq num: 65280, local addr: 10.197.226.222

  Protected vrf (ivrf): Global
  local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
  remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
  current_peer: 10.197.226.187

  #pkts encaps: 45, #pkts encrypt: 45, #pkts digest: 45
  #pkts decaps: 44, #pkts decrypt: 44, #pkts verify: 44
  #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
  #pkts not compressed:0, #pkts comp failed: 0, #pkts decomp failed: 0
  #pre-frag successes: 0, #pre-frag failures: 0, #fragments created: 0
  #PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0
  #TFC rcvd: 0, #TFC sent: 0
  #Valid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0, #Invalid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0
  #send errors: 0, #recv errors: 0

  local crypto endpt.: 10.197.226.222/500, remote crypto endpt.: 10.197.226.187/500
  path mtu 1500, ipsec overhead 78(44), media mtu 1500
  PMTU time remaining (sec): 0, DF policy: copy-df
  ICMP error validation: disabled, TFC packets: disabled
  current outbound spi: 8540D49E
  current inbound spi : A14EDAF6

inbound esp sas:
 spi: 0xA14EDAF6 (2706299638)
  SA State: active
  transform: esp-aes-256 esp-sha-256-hmac no compression 
  in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, PFS Group 14, IKEv2, VTI, }
  slot: 0, conn_id: 49, crypto-map: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1
  sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4331517/27595)
  IV size: 16 bytes
  replay detection support: Y
  Anti replay bitmap: 
  000001FFF 0xFFFFFFFF
outbound esp sas:
 spi: 0x8540D49E (2235618462)
  SA State: active
  transform: esp-aes-256 esp-sha-256-hmac no compression 
  in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, PFS Group 14, IKEv2, VTI, }
  slot: 0, conn_id: 49, crypto-map: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1
  sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4101117/27595)
  IV size: 16 bytes
  replay detection support: Y
  Anti replay bitmap: 
  0x00000000 0x00000001

#show bgp summary 
BGP router identifier 10.1.1.1, local AS number 1000
BGP table version is 5, main routing table version 5
2 network entries using 400 bytes of memory
2 path entries using 160 bytes of memory
2/2 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 416 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 976 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 21/19 prefixes, 24/22 paths, scan interval 60 secs

Neighbor           V         AS      MsgRcvd      MsgSent       TblVer      InQ      OutQ      Up/Down      State/PfxRcd
169.254.2.2      4         1000   22               22                  5             0         0            00:19:42        1

#show bgp neighbors
BGP neighbor is 169.254.2.2, vrf single_vf, remote AS 1000, internal link
   BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.1.1.2
   BGP state = Established, up for 00:19:49
   Last read 00:01:04, last write 00:00:38, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds
   Neighbor sessions:
      1 active, is not multisession capable (disabled)
   Neighbor capabilities:
      Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
      Four-octets ASN Capability: advertised and received
      Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
      Multisession Capability: 
  Message statistics:
      InQ depth is 0
      OutQ depth is 0
                       Sent    Rcvd
Opens                  1        1 
Notifications:         0        0 
Updates:               2        2 
Keepalives:            19      19 
Route Refresh:         0        0 
Total:                 22      22 
Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 0 seconds

For address family: IPv4 Unicast
   Session: 169.254.2.2
   BGP table version 5, neighbor version 5/0
   Output queue size : 0
   Index 15
  15 update-group member
                             Sent     Rcvd
Prefix activity:             ----    ----
Prefixes Current:            1          1         (Consumes 80 bytes)
Prefixes Total:              1          1 
Implicit Withdraw:           0          0 
Explicit Withdraw:           0          0 
Used as bestpath:            n/a        1 
Used as multipath:           n/a        0
                                Outbound           Inbound
Local Policy Denied Prefixes:   --------            -------
Bestpath from this peer:         1                          n/a 
Invalid Path:                    1                          n/a 
Total:                           2                            0 
Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 1, min 0

Address tracking is enabled, the RIB does have a route to 169.254.2.2
Connections established 7; dropped 6
Last reset 00:20:06, due to Peer closed the session of session 1
Transport(tcp) path-mtu-discovery is disabled
Graceful-Restart is disabled

#show route bgp
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
            D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
            N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
            E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
            i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
            ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
            o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
            SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF
Gateway of last resort is 10.197.226.1 to network 0.0.0.0

B        1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 [200/0] via 169.254.2.2, 00:19:55

ASA上的输出

#show crypto ikev2 sa
IKEv2 SAs:

Session-id:7, Status:UP-ACTIVE, IKE count:1, CHILD count:1

Tunnel-id    Local                       Remote                     fvrf/ivrf             Status           Role
442126361    10.197.226.187/500          10.197.226.222/500         Global/Global          READY           INITIATOR
Encr: AES-CBC, keysize: 256, Hash: SHA256, DH Grp:14, Auth sign: PSK, Auth verify: PSK
Life/Active Time: 86400/1200 sec
Child sa: local selector 0.0.0.0/0 - 255.255.255.255/65535
          remote selector 0.0.0.0/0 - 255.255.255.255/65535
          ESP spi in/out: 0x8540d49e/0xa14edaf6

#show crypto ipsec sa
interface: FTD-VTI
Crypto map tag: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1, seq num: 65280, local addr: 10.197.226.187

  Protected vrf (ivrf): Global
  local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
  remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
 current_peer: 10.197.226.222


 #pkts encaps: 44 #pkts encrypt: 44, #pkts digest: 44
 #pkts decaps: 45, #pkts decrypt: 45, #pkts verify: 45
 #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
 #pkts not compressed:0, #pkts comp failed: 0, #pkts decomp failed: 0
 #pre-frag successes: 0, #pre-frag failures: 0, #fragments created: 0
 #PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0
 #TFC rcvd: 0, #TFC sent: 0
 #Valid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0, #Invalid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0
 #send errors: 0, #recv errors: 0

 local crypto endpt.: 10.197.226.187/500, remote crypto endpt.: 10.197.226.222/500
 path mtu 1500, ipsec overhead 78(44), media mtu 1500
 PMTU time remaining (sec): 0, DF policy: copy-df
 ICMP error validation: disabled, TFC packets: disabled
 current outbound spi: A14EDAF6
 current inbound spi : 8540D49E

inbound esp sas:
 spi: 0x8540D49E (2235618462)
     SA State: active
      transform: esp-aes-256 esp-sha-256-hmac no compression 
      in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, PFS Group 14, IKEv2, VTI, }
     slot: 0, conn_id: 9, crypto-map: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1
     sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4147198/27594)
     IV size: 16 bytes
     replay detection support: Y
    Anti replay bitmap: 
    0x00000000 0x007FFFFF
outbound esp sas:
  spi: 0xA14EDAF6 (2706299638)
    SA State: active
    transform: esp-aes-256 esp-sha-256-hmac no compression 
    in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, PFS Group 14, IKEv2, VTI, }
    slot: 0, conn_id: 9, crypto-map: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1
    sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (3916798/27594)
    IV size: 16 bytes
    replay detection support: Y
    Anti replay bitmap: 
    0x00000000 0x00000001

#show bgp summary 
BGP router identifier 10.1.1.2, local AS number 1000
BGP table version is 7, main routing table version 7
2 network entries using 400 bytes of memory
2 path entries using 160 bytes of memory
2/2 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 416 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 976 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 5/3 prefixes, 7/5 paths, scan interval 60 secs

Neighbor        V      AS      MsgRcvd      MsgSent     TblVer    InQ     OutQ     Up/Down     State/PfxRcd
169.254.2.1      4     1000       22             22       7       0         0      00:19:42      1

#show bgp neighbors
BGP neighbor is 169.254.2.1, context single_vf, remote AS 1000, internal link
    BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.1.1.1
    BGP state = Established, up for 00:19:42
    Last read 00:01:04, last write 00:00:38, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds
    Neighbor sessions:
    1 active, is not multisession capable (disabled)
Neighbor capabilities:
    Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
    Four-octets ASN Capability: advertised and received
    Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
    Multisession Capability: 
Message statistics:
   InQ depth is 0
   OutQ depth is 0
                   Sent     Rcvd
Opens:             1         1 
Notifications:     0         0 
Updates:           2         2 
Keepalives:        19       19 
Route Refresh:     0         0 
Total:             22       22 
Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 0 seconds
For address family: IPv4 Unicast
  Session: 169.254.2.1
  BGP table version 7, neighbor version 7/0
  Output queue size : 0

  Index 5
  5 update-group member
                     Sent      Rcvd
Prefix activity:     ----      ----
Prefixes Current:    1         1         (Consumes 80 bytes)
Prefixes Total:      1         1 
Implicit Withdraw:   0         0 
Explicit Withdraw:   0         0 
Used as bestpath:    n/a       1 
Used as multipath:   n/a       0

                                  Outbound        Inbound
Local Policy Denied Prefixes:     --------        -------
Bestpath from this peer:           1              n/a 
Invalid Path:                      1              n/a 
Total:                             2              0 
Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 1, min 0

Address tracking is enabled, the RIB does have a route to 169.254.2.1
Connections established 5; dropped 4
Last reset 00:20:06, due to Peer closed the session of session 1
Transport(tcp) path-mtu-discovery is disabled
Graceful-Restart is disabled

#show route bgp
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
           i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
           ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
           o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
           SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF
Gateway of last resort is 10.197.226.1 to network 0.0.0.0

B       2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 [200/0] via 169.254.2.1, 00:19:55

故障排除

本部分提供了可用于对配置进行故障排除的信息。

debug crypto ikev2 platform 255
debug crypto ikev2 protocol 255
debug crypto ipsec 255
debug ip bgp all

• 仅支持IPv4接口以及IPv4、受保护的网络或VPN负载（不支持IPv6）。