监控ISR4300系列上的CPU使用情况
简介
本文档介绍如何从4300系列读取集成多业务路由器(ISR)上的中央处理器(CPU)使用情况。
先决条件
要求
Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：
- 思科IOS® XE
- ISR43XX
使用的组件
本文档中的信息基于硬件和软件版本：
- ISR4321/K9
- ISR4331/K9
- ISR4351/K9
- 03.16.01a.S // 15.5(3)S1a
- 03.16.04b.S // 15.5(3)S4b
- 16.9.7
- 16.12.4
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。
架构
Cisco ISR 4000系列平台运行的Cisco IOS XE采用分布式软件架构，该架构运行Linux内核，其中Cisco IOS®作为多个Linux进程之一运行。 Cisco IOS作为守护程序运行，称为Cisco IOS-Daemon(IOSd)。
Cisco IOSd上的CPU使用率
要监控IOSd上的CPU使用情况，请运行show process cpu命令：
#show process cpu CPU utilization for five seconds: 1%/0%; one minute: 1%; five minutes: 0% PID Runtime(ms) Invoked uSecs 5Sec 1Min 5Min TTY Process 1 2 8 250 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0 Chunk Manager 2 5 18 277 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 0 Load Meter 3 0 2 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0 DiagCard4/-1 4 0 1 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0 Retransmission o 5 0 1 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0 IPC ISSU Dispatc
输出显示CPU使用率的两个值，第一个值是CPU的总使用率，第二个值是发送到IOSd的中断的CPU使用率：
CPU总量与中断所导致的CPU数量之差是进程消耗的CPU值；为了证实添加过去五秒的所有进程使用情况：
- 进程的CPU使用率= 1% - 0% = 1% =命令中列出的所有进程的CPU使用率
要在顶部显示占用大量CPU的进程，请运行show process cpu sorted命令：
#show process cpu sorted CPU utilization for five seconds: 1%/0%; one minute: 0%; five minutes: 0% PID Runtime(ms) Invoked uSecs 5Sec 1Min 5Min TTY Process 64 103 10 10300 0.33% 0.02% 0.00% 0 Licensing Auto U 83 26 231 112 0.27% 0.00% 0.00% 0 PuntInject Keepa 235 555 48176 11 0.11% 0.09% 0.07% 0 Inline Power 1 2 8 250 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0 Chunk Manager
按流量划分的CPU使用率
ISR4300系列设计通过称为QuantumFlow处理器(QFP)的元素来转发流量。
要确定流量消耗的CPU数量，可以运行show platform hardware qfp active datapath utilization命令：
#show platform hardware qfp active datapath utilization
CPP 0: Subdev 0 5 secs 1 min 5 min 60 min
Input: Priority (pps) 0 0 0 0
(bps) 0 0 0 0
Non-Priority (pps) 3 2 2 1
(bps) 1448 992 992 568
Total (pps) 3 2 2 1
(bps) 1448 992 992 568
Output: Priority (pps) 0 0 0 0
(bps) 0 0 0 0
Non-Priority (pps) 3 2 2 1
(bps) 12216 8024 8024 4576
Total (pps) 3 2 2 1
(bps) 12216 8024 8024 4576
Processing: Load (pct) 0 0 0 1
该命令列出优先级数据包和非优先级数据包的输入和输出CPU使用情况，信息以每秒数据包(PPS)和每秒位数(BPS)显示，最后一行显示由于按百分比(PCT)值转发数据包而导致的CPU负载总量。
已安装CPU核心
ISR4300系列根据型号安装了不同数量的CPU核心，要确定设备上安装的核心数量，请运行show processes cpu platform命令：
#show processes cpu platform
CPU utilization for five seconds: 30%, one minute: 29%, five minutes: 29%
Core 0: CPU utilization for five seconds: 13%, one minute: 13%, five minutes: 13%
Core 1: CPU utilization for five seconds: 2%, one minute: 3%, five minutes: 3%
Core 2: CPU utilization for five seconds: 0%, one minute: 0%, five minutes: 0%
Core 3: CPU utilization for five seconds: 99%, one minute: 99%, five minutes: 99%
Pid PPid 5Sec 1Min 5Min Status Size Name
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 0 0% 0% 0% S 1863680 init
2 0 0% 0% 0% S 0 kthreadd
或者，运行show platform software status control-processor命令：
#show platform software status control-processor <output omitted> Per-core Statistics CPU0: CPU Utilization (percentage of time spent) User: 4.80, System: 10.30, Nice: 0.00, Idle: 84.50 IRQ: 0.40, SIRQ: 0.00, IOwait: 0.00 CPU1: CPU Utilization (percentage of time spent) User: 2.00, System: 3.40, Nice: 0.00, Idle: 94.59 IRQ: 0.00, SIRQ: 0.00, IOwait: 0.00 CPU2: CPU Utilization (percentage of time spent) User: 0.50, System: 0.00, Nice: 0.00, Idle: 99.49 IRQ: 0.00, SIRQ: 0.00, IOwait: 0.00 CPU3: CPU Utilization (percentage of time spent) User: 24.72, System: 75.27, Nice: 0.00, Idle: 0.00 IRQ: 0.00, SIRQ: 0.00, IOwait: 0.00
另一方面，运行show platform software status control-processor brief命令，其中任何命令都会显示已安装的内核数量：
#show platform software status control-processor brief
<output omitted>
CPU Utilization
Slot CPU User System Nice Idle IRQ SIRQ IOwait
RP0 0 4.30 9.80 0.00 85.90 0.00 0.00 0.00
1 0.79 0.99 0.00 98.20 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.50 0.00 0.00 99.50 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 24.60 75.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CPU核心分布
ISR4300系列的设计产生了用于数据包处理的特定内核。在ISR4331和4351上，为数据包处理保留内核4至7，而在ISR4321上使用内核2和3。
在由于性能原因而包括Cisco IOS XE版本16.5.x之前，分层队列框架(HQF)具有线程始终热旋转和高CPU使用率运行的特点，无论机箱上有何种配置，也不管流经系统的流量是多少。在ISR4300平台上，由于主CPU上运行的是QFP软件，因此在一个或多个内核上可能会出现高CPU使用率。
但是，在包括Cisco IOS XE版本16.6.x后，进行了更改，使这些平台不会使线程产生热旋转。在这种情况下，CPU使用率更多通过核心分配。
要显示热旋转使用情况，请在Cisco IOS XE 16.6.x之前运行show processes cpu platform sorted命令:
#show processes cpu platform sorted CPU utilization for five seconds: 28%, one minute: 29%, five minutes: 29% Core 0: CPU utilization for five seconds: 12%, one minute: 13%, five minutes: 14% Core 1: CPU utilization for five seconds: 2%, one minute: 3%, five minutes: 3% Core 2: CPU utilization for five seconds: 0%, one minute: 0%, five minutes: 0% Core 3: CPU utilization for five seconds: 99%, one minute: 99%, five minutes: 99% <<< hot-spin Pid PPid 5Sec 1Min 5Min Status Size Name -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2541 1955 99% 99% 99% S 1073807360 qfp-ucode-utah <<< high CPU process 1551 929 7% 7% 7% S 2038525952 fman_fp_image
在八核架构上，在Cisco IOS XE 16.6.x之前，您可以看到相同的结果，即热旋转时使用不同的核:
#show processes cpu platform sorted CPU utilization for five seconds: 15%, one minute: 14%, five minutes: 15% Core 0: CPU utilization for five seconds: 6%, one minute: 4%, five minutes: 8% Core 1: CPU utilization for five seconds: 1%, one minute: 0%, five minutes: 2% Core 2: CPU utilization for five seconds: 9%, one minute: 10%, five minutes: 7% Core 3: CPU utilization for five seconds: 1%, one minute: 2%, five minutes: 1% Core 4: CPU utilization for five seconds: 1%, one minute: 1%, five minutes: 1% Core 5: CPU utilization for five seconds: 0%, one minute: 0%, five minutes: 0% Core 6: CPU utilization for five seconds: 99%, one minute: 99%, five minutes: 99% <<< hot-spin Core 7: CPU utilization for five seconds: 0%, one minute: 0%, five minutes: 0% Pid PPid 5Sec 1Min 5Min Status Size Name -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3432 2779 99% 99% 99% S 1086341120 qfp-ucode-utah <<< high CPU process 2612 1893 7% 7% 7% S 2038697984 fman_fp_image 26114 25132 4% 5% 5% R 42803200 hman
添加思科IOS XE 16.6.x之后，您可以看到核心2和核心3之间的负载分布：
------------------ show process cpu platform sorted ------------------ CPU utilization for five seconds: 31%, one minute: 32%, five minutes: 29% Core 0: CPU utilization for five seconds: 3%, one minute: 3%, five minutes: 3% Core 1: CPU utilization for five seconds: 3%, one minute: 2%, five minutes: 2% Core 2: CPU utilization for five seconds: 39%, one minute: 41%, five minutes: 34% <<< load distributed Core 3: CPU utilization for five seconds: 84%, one minute: 83%, five minutes: 79% <<< load distributed Pid PPid 5Sec 1Min 5Min Status Size Name -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26939 26344 127% 126% 116% S 1195311104 qfp-ucode-utah <<< high CPU process
在包括Cisco IOS XE 16.6.x之后,与先前输出相同，但适用于Cores 4至7:
------------------ show process cpu platform sorted ------------------
CPU utilization for five seconds: 30%, one minute: 24%, five minutes: 27%
Core 0: CPU utilization for five seconds: 41%, one minute: 13%, five minutes: 13%
Core 1: CPU utilization for five seconds: 23%, one minute: 11%, five minutes: 13%
Core 2: CPU utilization for five seconds: 19%, one minute: 10%, five minutes: 12%
Core 3: CPU utilization for five seconds: 38%, one minute: 12%, five minutes: 12%
Core 4: CPU utilization for five seconds: 28%, one minute: 26%, five minutes: 28% <<< load distributed
Core 5: CPU utilization for five seconds: 53%, one minute: 40%, five minutes: 37% <<< load distributed
Core 6: CPU utilization for five seconds: 18%, one minute: 16%, five minutes: 17% <<< load distributed
Core 7: CPU utilization for five seconds: 93%, one minute: 81%, five minutes: 81% <<< load distributed
Pid PPid 5Sec 1Min 5Min Status Size Name
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26049 25462 164% 165% 170% S 394128 qfp-ucode-utah <<< high CPU process
监控CPU的最佳实践
最好使用特定命令进行数据路径利用率或IOSd使用，核心display命令的结果可能导致误报警报。
用于监控数据路径利用率的命令为：
- show platform hardware qfp active datapath utilization
监控IOSd使用情况的命令是：
- show process cpu sorted
使用以下任何对象标识符(OID)监控使用简单网络管理协议(SNMP)的IOSd CPU使用情况：
修订历史记录
| 版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
2.0 |
09-Jun-2023 |
重新认证 |
1.0 |
18-Apr-2017 |
初始版本 |
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