MCU/TS操作系统格式（快速中断）配置示例
简介
本文档介绍如何快速连接多点控制单元/网真服务器(MCU/TS)。
MCU或TS软件存储在单元内的闪存中。这包含操作系统(OS)以及用于数字信号处理器(DSP)的预文件、用于Web界面的网页、MCU/TS应用、音频文件、用户设置、会议信息、审核日志、CDR等。
Fatbirker是指对内部内存上的整个操作系统分区进行格式化，并从头安装操作系统和应用程序的过程。这与正常的软件更新不同，在正常的软件更新中，存储上的文件只用升级文件中的更新文件进行更新，而不会丢失数据。
如果设备拒绝启动且正常升级未修复故障，或者内存因某种原因损坏，则会执行Fatbirg操作。原因包括：
- 闪存错误
- 由于更新错误而损坏软件
- 在不关闭的情况下关闭设备
- 设备崩溃时关闭错误
此过程与重新格式化计算机硬盘并重新安装操作系统和应用程序时非常相似。
只有在思科TAC的指导下，才应遵循此程序。
先决条件
要求
Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：
- USB棒(8710/8510/5300)
- 闪存卡和读卡器（用于4200/4500）
- 要恢复的硬件平台的胖映像。请联系思科TAC获取映像
- 控制台电缆以及串行端口或USB到串行适配器
- 终端仿真程序（PuTTY、控制台、超级终端）
使用的组件
本文档不限于特定的软件和硬件版本。
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您使用的是真实网络，请确保您已经了解所有命令的潜在影响。
配置
准备USB棒或闪存卡 — Windows
- 将USB设备插入计算机的USB端口，或将闪存卡插入连接到计算机的读卡器。
- 加载Windows磁盘部件应用程序。选择开始并输入diskpart，然后单击diskpart.exe:
- 单击是以接受来自Windows的警告消息。然后，系统会显示命令提示符。确保正确键入每个命令并选择正确的磁盘，因为拼写错误可能意味着您会格式化一些您不会格式化的内容。输入list disk以显示系统中的所有存储设备：
- 仔细查看设备列表。磁盘0可能是计算机的C:列出了驱动器和任何其他硬盘、USB设备、读卡器等。查找与您计划格式化的设备密切相关的驱动器。在这种情况下，插入16GB USB驱动器。因此，选择14GB驱动器，因为它是系统中唯一的其他选项。输入select disk X以选择磁盘。X是列表中的磁盘编号。在本例中，磁盘5:
- 输入list partition以列出驱动器上的所有分区。这将告诉您存在哪些分区，并确保您选择了正确的磁盘。
- 销毁驱动器上的所有分区。为此，请输入clean。没有确认和警告。这会破坏驱动器上的分区表，使恢复任何数据变得更加困难。请务必检查您选择的驱动器是否正确！
- 输入list partition以验证分区表是否已清除：
- 要创建一个使用整个驱动器的分区，请输入create partition primary(创建主分区):
- 格式化新分区。文件分配表32(FAT32)是MCU/TS能够识别它的关键。它无法识别Mac或新技术文件系统(NTFS)格式化驱动器。为此，请输入format fs=fat32 quick ，以快速格式FAT32:
您现在可以在“我的电脑：
- 将胖映像复制到磁盘。胖映像特定于要恢复的硬件平台。与正常软件更新一样，您只能将8510胖子应用于8510刀片，将5300胖子应用于5300设备等。请从TAC获取映像并将其复制到USB驱动器：
通过文件名中的“fatbust”，您可以区分胖胖和正常图像的区别。需要将文件重命名为“kupgrade”，名称中不包含文件扩展名或其他文本。为此，请像在Windows中重命名任何其他文件一样重命名该文件（并接受有关文件扩展名更改的警告）：
存储设备现在已准备好恢复设备。
准备USB棒或闪存卡 — Mac
- 将存储设备连接到Mac的USB端口（USB驱动器或USB闪存卡读卡器）。
- 启动磁盘实用程序。在菜单栏上的聚焦搜索框中输入磁盘实用程序，或选择应用程序> 实用程序 > 磁盘实用程序。
- 单击要格式化的设备。请记住仔细检查是否计划格式化正确的驱动器，然后单击“分区”选项卡。从“当前”下拉框中，选择1分区，然后在“格式”下拉框中选择MS-DOS(FAT)。名称无关紧要：
- 单击窗口底部的选项。选择主引导记录作为分区方案非常重要，因为默认情况下，Mac尝试使用全局唯一标识符(GUID)分区表：
- 单击 Apply。格式化完成后，您应该拥有格式正确的设备。转到Finder中的设备，将文件复制到USB驱动器，就像复制任何其他文件一样。然后单击文件，按回车键，将其重命名为“kupgrade”：
存储设备已准备就绪。
恢复 — 8510 / 8710
8510和8710的程序相同，因为它们是相同的硬件。
要恢复设备：
- 准备USB棒，如前所述。
- 将USB棒插入刀片前面两个USB端口中的一个，位于控制台连接附近的顶部。将控制台电缆连接到控制台端口并加载终端仿真器(串行端口设置为38400bps、8个数据位、1个停止位、无奇偶校验):
- 重新启动设备。输入shutdown并重新启动到串行控制台：
MCU:> shutdown
shutting down
MCU:> reboot
104725.174 SYSTEM : Warning : Product activation key required
reboot: waiting for shutdown to complete
104729.531 SYSTEM : Info : shutdown monitor - shutdown initiated
104729.531 GATEKEEPER : Info : shutdown initiated
104729.531 GATEKEEPER : Info : shutdown complete
104729.531 CONFERENCE : Info : no active participants - shutdown now complete
104730.032 SYSTEM : Info : shutdown process - all priority 100 handlers complete
104730.032 SYSTEM : Info : shutdown process - shutdown complete
Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `vnlru' to stop...done
Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `fastpath' to stop...done
Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `bufdaemon' to stop...done
Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `syncer' to stop...
Syncing disks, vnodes remaining...0 0 done
All buffers synced.
Uptime: 29m39s
...
Rebooting...
cpu_reset: Stopping other CPUs
Host requested soft-reboot... Asserting nHOST_RESET
HUB configured.
Hardware Revision = 0x01
SlotID = 0xf2
Asserting MCU_DSP_PWR_EN
Deasserting nHOST_RESET当设备重新启动时，您应会看到一条消息，表明它正在从USB设备加载kupgrade文件。设备完成复制并开始启动后，拔下USB棒：
Checking system timer ... OK
EEPROM digest:
84 b2 ce a9 66 a2 4f 9b e4 b0 6b 66 c1 53 a9 82
FreeUsbd v.0.1.2
USB pre initialised
FIDDLESTICKS
Host stat now 42
USB mass storage manufacturer : General (8644)
USB mass storage product name : USB Flash Disk (8003)
USB mass storage serial number: 0531230000000636
Number of logical drives: 1
USB drive (1) mounted: fsName 'usbfs2a'
kernel_boot(usbfs1a:kupgrade)
kernel_boot(usbfs2a:kupgrade)
....................................................
No fat payload ## unplug here
Image version: 4.0(2.8)
entrypoint 0xc045f2b0
KDB: debugger backends: ddb
KDB: current backend: ddb
Copyright (c) 1992-2013 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation.
FreeBSD 8.4-RELEASE #0: Fri Jan 31 13:08:49 GMT 2014 - 设备启动后，恢复过程开始。创建新分区，然后复制文件并更新固件，就像正常更新一样：
*********************
* Starting kupgrade *
*********************
Mounting filesystems...
ugen2.2: <General> at usbus2 (disconnected)
umass0: at uhub2, port 2, addr 2 (disconnected)
(da0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): lost device - 0 outstanding, 3 refs
(da0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): got CAM status 0xa
(da0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): fatal error, failed to attach to device
(da0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): removing device entry
kupgrade running in mode: fatbust
ugen1.2: <TANDBERG 09> at usbus1
Erasing ALL filesystems in 5 seconds...
Creating partition table
******* Working on device /dev/ada0 *******
Creating disk label
Creating root fs
/dev/ada0s2a: 384.0MB (786432 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048 using 4
cylinder groups of 96.02MB, 6145 blks, 12352 inodes.
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 160, 196800, 393440, 590080
newfs: Cannot retrieve operator gid, using gid 0.
Creating cfg fs
/dev/ada0s2b: 16.0MB (32768 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048 using 4
cylinder groups of 4.02MB, 257 blks, 576 inodes.
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 160, 8384, 16608, 24832
newfs: Cannot retrieve operator gid, using gid 0.
Creating rdwr fs
/dev/ada0s2d: 64.0MB (131072 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048 using 4
cylinder groups of 16.02MB, 1025 blks, 2112 inodes.
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 160, 32960, 65760, 98560
newfs: Cannot retrieve operator gid, using gid 0.
Creating cdr fs
/dev/ada0s2e: 256.0MB (524288 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048 using 4
cylinder groups of 64.02MB, 4097 blks, 8256 inodes.
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 160, 131264, 262368, 393472
newfs: Cannot retrieve operator gid, using gid 0.
Creating fat fs
/dev/ada0s1: 529040 sectors in 66130 FAT32 clusters (4096 bytes/cluster)
BytesPerSec=512 SecPerClust=8 ResSectors=4 FATs=2 Media=0xf0 SecPerTrack=36
Heads=255 HiddenSecs=0 HugeSectors=530082 FATsecs=518 RootCluster=2 FSInfo=1 Backup=2
All filesystems recreated, mounting...
Verify fat filesystem:
** /dev/ada0s1
** Phase 1 - Read and Compare FATs
** Phase 2 - Check Cluster Chains
** Phase 3 - Checking Directories
** Phase 4 - Checking for Lost Files
1 files, 264516 free (66129 clusters)
default v1
Upgrading system:
Extracting cfg
: 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
********************************************************************************
Extracting file system:
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
********************************************************************************
Extracting fat:
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
********************************************************************************
Upgrading flash systems
Upgrading LOM:
This version is already installed. Skipping.
Upgrading HUB:
This version is already installed. Skipping.
Upgrading L2:
This version is already installed. Skipping.
Upgrading LCD:
This version is already installed. Skipping.
Upgrade complete.
Rebooting...
Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `vnlru' to stop...done
Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `bufdaemon' to stop...done
Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `syncer' to stop...
Syncing disks, vnodes remaining...0 0 done
All buffers synced.
Uptime: 56s - 设备再次重新启动，希望正常启动到MCU/TS应用，此时您可以正常重新配置它。如果此时设备仍未启动，请联系TAC。
恢复 — 4500系列
- 按照前面的说明准备闪存卡。您应该有格式化的闪存卡。确保卡上唯一的文件是“kupgrade”，并且包含胖映像。
- 将卡放入MCU正面的闪存卡插槽中。将控制台电缆连接到控制台端口并加载终端仿真器(串行端口设置为38400bps、8个数据位、1个停止位、无奇偶校验)
- 您可能需要按几次Enter键才能获得MCU提示。当您有控制台时，输入shutdown以关闭MCU。然后输入reboot以重新启动它。
如果MCU未启动，请重新启动MCU，或在MCU自行重新启动之前将卡放入。
在启动过程中，您应该看到MCU知道您插入的CF卡。之后，它会尝试将升级文件复制到其内存中，并开始从其启动：
rebooting
*** (C) Codian Ltd 2004-2005 ***
Resetting PCI
Calling Mpc107init
Mpc107init done
Testing SDRAM data lines ... ok
Testing SDRAM address lines ... ok
Relocating .text from FFF00000-FFF0B36E to 0E010000
Relocating .data from FFF0B380 to 0E01B380-0E01B7C8
Clearing .bss from 0E01B7C8-0E09EDA4
Initialising timebase regs
Calling main L1 strap : built at Jul 7 2005 - 23:19:46
L2 found : image size 000362e4 version 2005:07:08 11:19
Starting L2
L2 Bootstrap
Relocating .text from FFF10000-FFF450B0 to 0E010000
Relocating .data from FFF450C0 to 0E0450C0-0E0462E4
Clearing .bss from 0E0462E4-0E0CA930
Calling main Hello from l2_main
card detected in internal slot (EXCA_STATUS = 4c)
waiting until status ready ...ok!
mounting dos0
fatsize = 00010000
card detected in external slot (EXCA_STATUS = 6f)
waiting until status ready ...ok!
mounting dos1
fatsize = 0001e600
Product - Unknown (00000054)
MAC address - 00:0d:7c:e2:00:06
Serial number - XX710003
Motherboard serial number - SM00674
Slotmask : 00000028
03 - SD01127
05 - SD01234
Devmode : 00010000
Trying dos1:kupgrade
copying dos1:kupgrade to md0:00000000..................................
...........................0226bbe6 bytes copied # the unit is copying the image
Image version : 4.5(1.45)
fd=7
loadelf fd=7 Elf_Ehdr=0xefffe58 marks=0xe0c632c flags=0000003f
loadelf line 78
loadelf line 86
loadelf line 93
loadelf line 150
loadelf line 165
loadelf line 178
loadelf line 200
loadelf line 200
ok
MARK[0] = 00090000
MARK[1] = 00090000
MARK[2] = 00000001
MARK[3] = 024f7da8
MARK[4] = 02530838
calling ksyms_init (startkernel=0x090000 endkernel=0x253b000 edata=0x0
end=0x7f454c46 startsym=0x24f7da8 endsym=0x2530838
ksyms_init
Loaded initial symtab at 0x24f7da8, strtab at 0x25162dc, # entries 7245
Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993 The Regents of the
University of California. All rights reserved.
NetBSD 1.6ZG (RAMDISK) #0: Fri Sep 6 20:35:51 UTC 2013
jenkins@bv-freebsd-01:/scratch/jenkins/workspace/netbsd1.6-ramdisk--default/systems/os/netbsd/src/sys/arch/
marvin/compile/obj/RAMDISK
total memory = 240 MB
avail memory = 183 MB
using 3072 buffers containing 12388 KB of memory
sysctl_createv: sysctl_create(cacheinfo) returned 17
mainbus0 (root)mainbus_attach
eumbbus_match: cpu eumbbus
cpu0 at mainbus0: Version 0x8081 (Revision 0x1014), ID 0 (primary)
cpu0: HID0 90c000<DOZE,DPM,ICE,DCE>
config_found cpu done
eumbbus_match: eumbbus eumbbus
eumbbus0 at mainbus0eumbbus_attach
....... .......
wd0 at atabus0 drive 0: <SILICONSYSTEMS INC 256MB>
wd0: drive supports 1-sector PIO transfers, LBA addressing
wd0: 248 MB, 994 cyl, 16 head, 32 sec, 512 bytes/sect x 508928 sectors
howto 2 bootdev 0 boot device: wd0
root on md0a dumps on md0b
about to call domountroothook
about to call vfs_mountroot
rtcinit()
Warm Boot
Time is now 02:11:16.53 07/08/14
root file system type: ffs
Enabling serial port...
Setting up serial terminal...
Starting kupgrade process
*********************
* Starting kupgrade *
********************* # remove CF card here
Checking filesystems...
Mounting filesystems...
card ready
rbus_space_alloc: addr 0, size 1000, mask fff, align 1000
Mounting flash card...
kupgrade running in mode: fatbust # recovery process begins
Erasing ALL filesystems in 5 seconds...
Wipe MBR
card ready
rbus_space_alloc: addr 0, size 1000, mask fff, align 1000
32+0 records in
32+0 records out
16384 bytes transferred in 0.675 secs (24272 bytes/sec)
Add MBR
card ready
rbus_space_alloc: addr 0, size 1000, mask fff, align 1000
wd0: no disk label
fdisk: partition table invalid, no magic in sector 0
card ready
rbus_space_alloc: addr 0, size 1000, mask fff, align 1000
wd0: no disk label
fdisk: partition table invalid, no magic in sector 0
card ready
rbus_space_alloc: addr 0, size 1000, mask fff, align 1000
wd0: no disk label
fdisk: partition table invalid, no magic in sector 0
card ready
rbus_space_alloc: addr 0, size 1000, mask fff, align 1000
wd0: no disk label
fdisk: partition table invalid, no magic in sector 0
add cf disklabel
card ready
rbus_space_alloc: addr 0, size 1000, mask fff, align 1000
wd0: no disk label
disklabel: Invalid signature in mbr record 0
newfs 0a
card ready
rbus_space_alloc: addr 0, size 1000, mask fff, align 1000
/dev/rwd0a: 64.0MB (131072 sectors) block size 8192, fragment size 1024
using 4 cylinder groups of 16.00MB, 2048 blks, 3968 inodes.
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 32, 32800, 65568, 98336,
newfs 0d
card ready
rbus_space_alloc: addr 0, size 1000, mask fff, align 1000
/dev/rwd0d: 8.0MB (16384 sectors) block size 8192, fragment size 1024
using 4 cylinder groups of 2.00MB, 256 blks, 448 inodes.
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 32, 4128, 8224, 12320,
newfs 0b
card ready
rbus_space_alloc: addr 0, size 1000, mask fff, align 1000
/dev/rwd0b: 130748 sectors in 32687 FAT16 clusters (2048 bytes/cluster)
MBR type: 6
bps=512 spc=4 res=1 nft=2 rde=512 mid=0xf8 spf=128 spt=32 hds=16 hid=32 bsec=131040
card ready
rbus_space_alloc: addr 0, size 1000, mask fff, align 1000
Extracting read-write fs
0% 0 0.00 KB/s --:-- ETA
19% 175 KB 174.38 KB/s 00:04 ETA/
100% 885 KB 439.40 KB/s 00:00 ETA
100% 885 KB 415.22 KB/s 00:00 ETA
/dev/rwd0a: 64.0MB (131072 sectors) block size 8192, fragment size 1024
using 4 cylinder groups of 16.00MB, 2048 blks, 3968 inodes.
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 32, 32800, 65568, 98336,
Extracting root fs 0% 0 0.00 KB/s --:-- ETA 1% 722 KB 701.11 KB/s 01:26
ETA 2% 1554 KB 754.67 KB/s 01:19 ETA 3% 2335 KB 777.73 KB/s 01:15
ETA 4% 3058 KB 763.62 KB/s 01:16 ETA 6% 3826 KB 757.91 KB/s 01:15
ETA ... 99% 61359 KB 748.26 KB/s 00:00 ETA 99% 61375 KB 739.24 KB/s 00:00
ETA 99% 61407 KB 730.89 KB/s 00:00 ETA 100% 61411 KB 722.43 KB/s 00:00
ETA 100% 61411 KB 715.36 KB/s 00:00 ETA
Upgrade complete
umount: /rootfs: Device busy
Rebooting...
Aug 7 02:13:32 reboot: rebooted by root
Aug 7 02:13:32 init: single user shell terminated, restarting
syncing disks... done
rebooting
*** (C) Codian Ltd 2004-2005 ***
Resetting PCI
Calling Mpc107init
Mpc107init done
Testing SDRAM data lines ... ok
Testing SDRAM address lines ... ok
Relocating .text from FFF00000-FFF0B36E to 0E010000
Relocating .data from FFF0B380 to 0E01B380-0E01B7C8
Clearing .bss from 0E01B7C8-0E09EDA4
Initialising timebase regs
Calling main L1 strap : built at Jul 7 2005 - 23:19:46
L2 found : image size 000362e4 version 2005:07:08 11:19
Starting L2
L2 Bootstrap
Relocating .text from FFF10000-FFF450B0 to 0E010000
Relocating .data from FFF450C0 to 0E0450C0-0E0462E4
Clearing .bss from 0E0462E4-0E0CA930
Calling main Hello from l2_main
card detected in internal slot (EXCA_STATUS = 4c)
waiting until status ready ...ok!
mounting dos0
fatsize = 00010000
no card in external slot (EXCA_A[EXCA_STATUS] = 00)
Product - Unknown (00000054)
MAC address - 00:0d:7c:e2:00:06
Serial number - XX710003
Motherboard serial number - SM00674
Slotmask : 00000028
03 - SD01127
05 - SD01234
Devmode : 00010000
Trying dos1:kupgrade
error opening source file dos1:kupgrade
Trying dos0:kupgrade
error opening source file dos0:kupgrade
Trying dos0:netbsd
copying dos0:netbsd to md0:00000000.........................002f09c3 bytes copied
Image version : 4.5(1.45)
fd=6
loadelf fd=6 Elf_Ehdr=0xefffe58 marks=0xe0c632c flags=0000003f
loadelf line 78
loadelf line 86
loadelf line 93
loadelf line 150
loadelf line 165
loadelf line 178
loadelf line 200
loadelf line 200
ok
MARK[0] = 00090000
MARK[1] = 00090000
MARK[2] = 00000001
MARK[3] = 005ff688
MARK[4] = 00648c48
Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993 The Regents of the
University of California. All rights reserved.
NetBSD 5.1 (ZAPHODCONF) #0: Tue Apr 1 17:33:24 BST 2014
root@bv-ubuntu-09:/ram-work/systems/os/netbsd5_1/usr/src/sys
/arch/sandpoint/compile/obj/ZAPHODCONF
boot process continues设备再次重新启动，希望正常启动到MCU/TS应用，此时您可以正常重新配置它。如果此时设备仍未启动，请联系Cisco TAC
验证
当前没有可用于此配置的验证过程。
故障排除
目前没有针对此配置的故障排除信息。
修订历史记录
| 版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
1.0 |
23-Jul-2015 |
初始版本 |
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