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Glossary
Cisco Discovery Protocol. A proprietary tool that network administrators use to access a summary of protocol and address information about other devices that are directly connected to the device initiating the command.Cisco Discovery Protocol runs over the data-link layer that connects the physical media to the upper-layer protocols. Because Cisco Discovery Protocol operates at this level, two or more Cisco Discovery Protocol devices that support different network layer protocols (for example, IP and Novell IPX) can learn about each other. Node or software program that requests services from a server. For example, the Secure Shell (SSH) client. See also server.
An application or device that performs services for connected clients as part of a client-server architecture. A server application, as defined by RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1), is “an application program that accepts connections in order to service requests by sending back responses.” Server computers are devices designed to run such an application or applications, often for extended periods of time, with minimal human direction. Examples of servers include web servers, email servers, and file servers.See also client. Secure Shell. A network protocol in which data is exchanged over a secure channel between two computers. Encryption provides confidentiality and integrity of data. SSH uses public-key cryptography to authenticate the remote computer and allow the remote computer to authenticate the user.SSH is typically used to log in to a remote machine and execute commands; but, it also supports tunneling, forwarding arbitrary TCP ports, and X Window System (X11) connections. It can transfer files by using the associated SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) or Secure Copy (SCP) protocols.An SSH server, by default, listens on the standard TCP port 22. An SSH client program is typically used for establishing connections to an sshd daemon accepting remote connections. Both are commonly present on most modern operating systems. Proprietary, freeware, and open-source versions of various levels of complexity and completeness exist. The second release of SNMP, described in RFC 1902. It provides additions to data types, counter size, and protocol operations. SNMPv2C support includes a bulk-retrieval mechanism and more detailed error message reporting to management stations. The bulk-retrieval mechanism supports the retrieval of tables and large quantities of information, minimizing the number of round-trip transmissions required. SNMPv2C improved error-handling support includes expanded error codes that distinguish different kinds of error conditions; these conditions are reported through a single error code in SNMPv1. Error return codes now report the error type. Three kinds of exceptions are also reported: No such object, No such instance, and End of MIB view. SNMPv3 is an interoperable standards-based protocol for network management, which provides secure access to devices by a combination of authenticating and encrypting packets over the network. It has primarily added security and remote configuration enhancements to SNMP. SNMPv3 provides important security features such as message integrity that ensures packets are not tampered with in-transit, authentication that verifies messages are from a valid source, and encryption of packets that prevents snooping by an unauthorized source.