Information About MPLS Layer 3 VPNs
To implement MPLS Layer 3 VPNs, you need to understand the following concepts:
MPLS L3VPN Overview
Before defining an MPLS VPN, VPN in general must be defined. A VPN is:
- An IP-based network delivering private network services over a public infrastructure
- A set of sites that are allowed to communicate with each other privately over the Internet or other public or private networks
Conventional VPNs are created by configuring a full mesh of tunnels or permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) to all sites in a VPN. This type of VPN is not easy to maintain or expand, as adding a new site requires changing each edge device in the VPN.
MPLS-based VPNs are created in Layer 3 and are based on the peer model. The peer model enables the service provider and the customer to exchange Layer 3 routing information. The service provider relays the data between the customer sites without customer involvement.
MPLS VPNs are easier to manage and expand than conventional VPNs. When a new site is added to an MPLS VPN, only the edge router of the service provider that provides services to the customer site needs to be updated.
The components of the MPLS VPN are described as follows:
- Provider (P) router—Router in the core of the provider network. PE routers run MPLS switching and do not attach VPN labels to routed packets. VPN labels are used to direct data packets to the correct private network or customer edge router.
- PE router—Router that attaches the VPN label to incoming packets based on the interface or subinterface on which they are received, and also attaches the MPLS core labels. A PE router attaches directly to a CE router.
- Customer (C) router—Router in the Internet service provider (ISP) or enterprise network.
- Customer edge (CE) router—Edge router on the network of the ISP that connects to the PE router on the network. A CE router must interface with a PE router.
Figure 25 shows a basic MPLS VPN topology.
Figure 25 Basic MPLS VPN Topology
MPLS L3VPN Benefits
MPLS L3VPN provides the following benefits:
- Service providers can deploy scalable VPNs and deliver value-added services.
- Connectionless service guarantees that no prior action is necessary to establish communication between hosts.
- Centralized Service: Building VPNs in Layer 3 permits delivery of targeted services to a group of users represented by a VPN.
- Scalability: Create scalable VPNs using connection-oriented, point-to-point overlays, Frame Relay, or ATM virtual connections.
- Security: Security is provided at the edge of a provider network (ensuring that packets received from a customer are placed on the correct VPN) and in the backbone.
- Integrated Quality of Service (QoS) support: QoS provides the ability to address predictable performance and policy implementation and support for multiple levels of service in an MPLS VPN.
- Straightforward Migration: Service providers can deploy VPN services using a straightforward migration path.
- Migration for the end customer is simplified. There is no requirement to support MPLS on the CE router and no modifications are required for a customer intranet.
How MPLS L3VPN Works
MPLS VPN functionality is enabled at the edge of an MPLS network. The PE router performs the following tasks:
- Exchanges routing updates with the CE router
- Translates the CE routing information into VPN version 4 (VPNv4) and VPN version 6 (VPNv6) routes
- Exchanges VPNv4 and VPNv6 routes with other PE routers through the Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol (MP-BGP)
Virtual Routing and Forwarding Tables
Each VPN is associated with one or more VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instances. A VRF defines the VPN membership of a customer site attached to a PE router. A VRF consists of the following components:
- An IP version 4 (IPv4) unicast routing table
- A derived FIB table
- A set of interfaces that use the forwarding table
- A set of rules and routing protocol parameters that control the information that is included in the routing table
These components are collectively called a VRF instance.
A one-to-one relationship does not necessarily exist between customer sites and VPNs. A site can be a member of multiple VPNs. However, a site can associate with only one VRF. A VRF contains all the routes available to the site from the VPNs of which it is a member.
Packet forwarding information is stored in the IP routing table and the FIB table for each VRF. A separate set of routing and FIB tables is maintained for each VRF. These tables prevent information from being forwarded outside a VPN and also prevent packets that are outside a VPN from being forwarded to a router within the VPN.
VPN Routing Information: Distribution
The distribution of VPN routing information is controlled through the use of VPN route target communities, implemented by BGP extended communities. VPN routing information is distributed as follows:
- When a VPN route that is learned from a CE router is injected into a BGP, a list of VPN route target extended community attributes is associated with it. Typically, the list of route target community extended values is set from an export list of route targets associated with the VRF from which the route was learned.
- An import list of route target extended communities is associated with each VRF. The import list defines route target extended community attributes that a route must have for the route to be imported into the VRF. For example, if the import list for a particular VRF includes route target extended communities A, B, and C, then any VPN route that carries any of those route target extended communities—A, B, or C—is imported into the VRF.
BGP Distribution of VPN Routing Information
A PE router can learn an IP prefix from the following sources:
- A CE router by static configuration
- An eBGP session with the CE router
- A Routing Information Protocol (RIP) exchange with the CE router
- Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), and RIP as Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)
The IP prefix is a member of the IPv4 address family. After the PE router learns the IP prefix, the PE converts it into the VPN-IPv4 prefix by combining it with a 64-bit route distinguisher. The generated prefix is a member of the VPN-IPv4 address family. It uniquely identifies the customer address, even if the customer site is using globally nonunique (unregistered private) IP addresses. The route distinguisher used to generate the VPN-IPv4 prefix is specified by the rd command associated with the VRF on the PE router.
BGP distributes reachability information for VPN-IPv4 prefixes for each VPN. BGP communication takes place at two levels:
- Within the IP domain, known as an autonomous system.
- Between autonomous systems.
PE to PE or PE to route reflector (RR) sessions are iBGP sessions, and PE to CE sessions are eBGP sessions. PE to CE eBGP sessions can be directly or indirectly connected (eBGP multihop).
BGP propagates reachability information for VPN-IPv4 prefixes among PE routers by the BGP protocol extensions (see RFC 2283, Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4), which define support for address families other than IPv4. Using the extensions ensures that the routes for a given VPN are learned only by other members of that VPN, enabling members of the VPN to communicate with each other.
MPLS Forwarding
Based on routing information stored in the VRF IP routing table and the VRF FIB table, packets are forwarded to their destination using MPLS.
A PE router binds a label to each customer prefix learned from a CE router and includes the label in the network reachability information for the prefix that it advertises to other PE routers. When a PE router forwards a packet received from a CE router across the provider network, it labels the packet with the label learned from the destination PE router. When the destination PE router receives the labeled packet, it pops the label and uses it to direct the packet to the correct CE router. Label forwarding across the provider backbone is based on either dynamic label switching or traffic engineered paths. A customer data packet carries two levels of labels when traversing the backbone:
- The top label directs the packet to the correct PE router.
- The second label indicates how that PE router should forward the packet to the CE router.
More labels can be stacked if other features are enabled. For example, if traffic engineering (TE) tunnels with fast reroute (FRR) are enabled, the total number of labels imposed in the PE is four (Layer 3 VPN, Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), TE, and FRR).
Automatic Route Distinguisher Assignment
To take advantage of iBGP load balancing, every network VRF must be assigned a unique route distinguisher. VRFs require a route distinguisher for BGP to distinguish between potentially identical prefixes received from different VPNs.
With thousands of routers in a network each supporting multiple VRFs, configuration and management of route distinguishers across the network can present a problem. Cisco IOS XR software simplifies this process by assigning unique route distinguisher to VRFs using the rd auto command.
To assign a unique route distinguisher for each router, you must ensure that each router has a unique BGP router-id. If so, the rd auto command assigns a Type 1 route distinguisher to the VRF using the following format: ip-address:number. The IP address is specified by the BGP router-id statement and the number (which is derived as an unused index in the 0 to 65535 range) is unique across the VRFs.
Finally, route distinguisher values are checkpointed so that route distinguisher assignment to VRF is persistent across failover or process restart. If an route distinguisher is explicitely configured for a VRF, this value is not overridden by the autoroute distinguisher.
MPLS L3VPN Major Components
An MPLS-based VPN network has three major components:
- VPN route target communities—A VPN route target community is a list of all members of a VPN community. VPN route targets need to be configured for each VPN community member.
- Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP) peering of the VPN community PE routers—MP-BGP propagates VRF reachability information to all members of a VPN community. MP-BGP peering needs to be configured in all PE routers within a VPN community.
- MPLS forwarding—MPLS transports all traffic between all VPN community members across a VPN service-provider network.
A one-to-one relationship does not necessarily exist between customer sites and VPNs. A given site can be a member of multiple VPNs. However, a site can associate with only one VRF. A customer-site VRF contains all the routes available to the site from the VPNs of which it is a member.
Inter-AS Support for L3VPN
This section contains the following topics:
Inter-AS Restrictions
Inter-AS functionality is available using VPNv4 only. VPNv6 is not currently supported.
Inter-AS Support: Overview
An autonomous system (AS) is a single network or group of networks that is controlled by a common system administration group and uses a single, clearly defined routing protocol.
As VPNs grow, their requirements expand. In some cases, VPNs need to reside on different autonomous systems in different geographic areas. In addition, some VPNs need to extend across multiple service providers (overlapping VPNs). Regardless of the complexity and location of the VPNs, the connection between autonomous systems must be seamless.
An MPLS VPN Inter-AS provides the following benefits:
- Allows a VPN to cross more than one service provider backbone.
Service providers, running separate autonomous systems, can jointly offer MPLS VPN services to the same end customer. A VPN can begin at one customer site and traverse different VPN service provider backbones before arriving at another site of the same customer. Previously, MPLS VPN could traverse only a single BGP autonomous system service provider backbone. This feature lets multiple autonomous systems form a continuous, seamless network between customer sites of a service provider.
- Allows a VPN to exist in different areas.
A service provider can create a VPN in different geographic areas. Having all VPN traffic flow through one point (between the areas) allows for better rate control of network traffic between the areas.
- Allows confederations to optimize iBGP meshing.
Internal Border Gateway Protocol (iBGP) meshing in an autonomous system is more organized and manageable. You can divide an autonomous system into multiple, separate subautonomous systems and then classify them into a single confederation. This capability lets a service provider offer MPLS VPNs across the confederation, as it supports the exchange of labeled VPN-IPv4 Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) between the subautonomous systems that form the confederation.
Inter-AS and ASBRs
Separate autonomous systems from different service providers can communicate by exchanging IPv4 NLRI in the form of VPN-IPv4 addresses. The ASBRs use eBGP to exchange that information. Then an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) distributes the network layer information for VPN-IPV4 prefixes throughout each VPN and each autonomous system. The following protocols are used for sharing routing information:
- Within an autonomous system, routing information is shared using an IGP.
- Between autonomous systems, routing information is shared using an eBGP. An eBGP lets service providers set up an interdomain routing system that guarantees the loop-free exchange of routing information between separate autonomous systems.
The primary function of an eBGP is to exchange network reachability information between autonomous systems, including information about the list of autonomous system routes. The autonomous systems use EBGP border edge routers to distribute the routes, which include label switching information. Each border edge router rewrites the next-hop and MPLS labels.
Inter-AS configurations supported in an MPLS VPN can include:
- Interprovider VPN—MPLS VPNs that include two or more autonomous systems, connected by separate border edge routers. The autonomous systems exchange routes using eBGP. No IGP or routing information is exchanged between the autonomous systems.
- BGP Confederations—MPLS VPNs that divide a single autonomous system into multiple subautonomous systems and classify them as a single, designated confederation. The network recognizes the confederation as a single autonomous system. The peers in the different autonomous systems communicate over eBGP sessions; however, they can exchange route information as if they were iBGP peers.
Transmitting Information Between Autonomous Systems
Figure 26 illustrates one MPLS VPN consisting of two separate autonomous systems. Each autonomous system operates under different administrative control and runs a different IGP. Service providers exchange routing information through eBGP border edge routers (ABSR1 and ASBR2).
Figure 26 eBGP Connection Between Two MPLS VPN Inter-AS Systems with ASBRs Exchanging VPN-IPv4 Addresses
This configuration uses the following process to transmit information:
Step 1 The provider edge router (PE-1) assigns a label for a route before distributing that route. The PE router uses the multiprotocol extensions of BGP to transmit label mapping information. The PE router distributes the route as a VPN-IPv4 address. The address label and the VPN identifier are encoded as part of the NLRI.
Step 2 The two route reflectors (RR-1 and RR-2) reflect VPN-IPv4 internal routes within the autonomous system. The border edge routers of the autonomous system (ASBR1 and ASBR2) advertise the VPN-IPv4 external routes.
Step 3 The eBGP border edge router (ASBR1) redistributes the route to the next autonomous system (ASBR2). ASBR1 specifies its own address as the value of the eBGP next-hop attribute and assigns a new label. The address ensures:
- That the next-hop router is always reachable in the service provider (P) backbone network.
- That the label assigned by the distributing router is properly interpreted. (The label associated with a route must be assigned by the corresponding next-hop router.)
Step 4 The eBGP border edge router (ASBR2) redistributes the route in one of the following ways, depending on the configuration:
- If the iBGP neighbors are configured with the next-hop-self command, ASBR2 changes the next-hop address of updates received from the eBGP peer, then forwards it.
- If the iBGP neighbors are not configured with the next-hop-self command, the next-hop address remains unchanged. ASBR2 must propagate a host route for the eBGP peer through the IGP. To propagate the eBGP VPN-IPv4 neighbor host route, use the redistribute command with the static keyword. An eBGP VPN-IPv4 neighbor host route must be manually configured to establish the label switched path (LSP) towards ASBR1. The static route needs to be redistributed to IGP, to let other PE routers use the /32 host prefix label to forward traffic for an Inter-AS VPN redistribute static option.
Note This option is not supported for Inter-AS over IP tunnels.
Exchanging VPN Routing Information
Autonomous systems exchange VPN routing information (routes and labels) to establish connections. To control connections between autonomous systems, the PE routers and eBGP border edge routers maintain a label forwarding information base (LFIB). The LFIB manages the labels and routes that the PE routers and eBGP border edge routers receive during the exchange of VPN information.
The autonomous systems use the following guidelines to exchange VPN routing information:
- Routing information includes:
– The destination network (N)
– The next-hop field associated with the distributing router
– A local MPLS label (L)
- A route distinguisher (RD1). A route distinguisher is part of a destination network address. It makes the VPN-IPv4 route globally unique in the VPN service provider environment.
- The ASBRs are configured to change the next-hop when sending VPN-IPv4 NLRIs to the iBGP neighbors. Therefore, the ASBRs must allocate a new label when they forward the NLRI to the iBGP neighbors.
Figure 27 Exchanging Routes and Labels Between MPLS VPN Inter-AS Systems with ASBRs Exchanging VPN-IPv4 Address
Figure 28 illustrates the exchange of VPN route and label information between autonomous systems. The only difference is that ASBR2 is configured with the redistribute command with the connected keyword, which propagates the host routes to all PEs. The command is necessary as ASBR2 is not configured to change the next-hop address.
Note Figure 28 is not applicable to Inter-AS over IP tunnels.
Figure 28 Exchanging Routes and Labels with the redistributed Command in an MPLS VPN Inter-AS with ASBRs Exchanging VPN-IPv4 Addresses
Packet Forwarding
Note This section is not applicable to Inter-AS over IP tunnels.
Figure 29 illustrates how packets are forwarded between autonomous systems in an interprovider network using the following packet method.
Packets are forwarded to their destination by means of MPLS. Packets use the routing information stored in the LFIB of each PE router and eBGP border edge router.
The service provider VPN backbone uses dynamic label switching to forward labels.
Each autonomous system uses standard multilevel labeling to forward packets between the edges of the autonomous system routers (for example, from CE-5 to PE-3). Between autonomous systems, only a single level of labeling is used, corresponding to the advertised route.
A data packet carries two levels of labels when traversing the VPN backbone:
- The first label (IGP route label) directs the packet to the correct PE router on the eBGP border edge router. (For example, the IGP label of ASBR2 points to the ASBR2 border edge router.)
- The second label (VPN route label) directs the packet to the appropriate PE router or eBGP border edge router.
Figure 29 Forwarding Packets Between MPLS VPN Inter-AS Systems with ASBRs Exchanging VPN-IPv4 Addresses
Figure 30 shows the same packet forwarding method, except the eBGP router (ASBR1) forwards the packet without reassigning a new label to it.
Figure 30 Forwarding Packets Without a New Label Assignment Between MPLS VPN Inter-AS System with ASBRs Exchanging VPN-IPv4 Addresses
Figure 31 illustrates the exchange of VPN route and label information between autonomous systems.
Figure 31 Exchanging Routes and Labels in an MPLS VPN Inter-AS with ASBRs
Confederations
A confederation is multiple subautonomous systems grouped together. A confederation reduces the total number of peer devices in an autonomous system. A confederation divides an autonomous system into subautonomous systems and assigns a confederation identifier to the autonomous systems. A VPN can span service providers running in separate autonomous systems or multiple subautonomous systems that form a confederation.
In a confederation, each subautonomous system is fully meshed with other subautonomous systems. The subautonomous systems communicate using an IGP, such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) or Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS). Each subautonomous system also has an eBGP connection to the other subautonomous systems. The confederation eBGP (CEBGP) border edge routers forward next-hop-self addresses between the specified subautonomous systems. The next-hop-self address forces the BGP to use a specified address as the next hop rather than letting the protocol choose the next hop.
You can configure a confederation with separate subautonomous systems two ways:
- Configure a router to forward next-hop-self addresses between only the CEBGP border edge routers (both directions). The subautonomous systems (iBGP peers) at the subautonomous system border do not forward the next-hop-self address. Each subautonomous system runs as a single IGP domain. However, the CEBGP border edge router addresses are known in the IGP domains.
- Configure a router to forward next-hop-self addresses between the CEBGP border edge routers (both directions) and within the iBGP peers at the subautonomous system border. Each subautonomous system runs as a single IGP domain but also forwards next-hop-self addresses between the PE routers in the domain. The CEBGP border edge router addresses are known in the IGP domains.
Note Figure 26 illustrates how two autonomous systems exchange routes and forward packets. Subautonomous systems in a confederation use a similar method of exchanging routes and forwarding packets.
Figure 32 illustrates a typical MPLS VPN confederation configuration. In this configuration:
- The two CEBGP border edge routers exchange VPN-IPv4 addresses with labels between the two autonomous systems.
- The distributing router changes the next-hop addresses and labels and uses a next-hop-self address.
- IGP-1 and IGP-2 know the addresses of CEBGP-1 and CEBGP-2.
Figure 32 eBGP Connection Between Two Subautonomous Systems in a Confederation
In this confederation configuration:
- CEBGP border edge routers function as neighboring peers between the subautonomous systems. The subautonomous systems use eBGP to exchange route information.
- Each CEBGP border edge router (CEBGP-1 and CEBGP-2) assigns a label for the router before distributing the route to the next subautonomous system. The CEBGP border edge router distributes the route as a VPN-IPv4 address by using the multiprotocol extensions of BGP. The label and the VPN identifier are encoded as part of the NLRI.
- Each PE and CEBGP border edge router assigns its own label to each VPN-IPv4 address prefix before redistributing the routes. The CEBGP border edge routers exchange IPV-IPv4 addresses with the labels. The next-hop-self address is included in the label (as the value of the eBGP next-hop attribute). Within the subautonomous systems, the CEBGP border edge router address is distributed throughout the iBGP neighbors, and the two CEBGP border edge routers are known to both confederations.
For more information about how to configure confederations, see the “Configuring MPLS Forwarding for ASBR Confederations” section.
MPLS VPN Inter-AS BGP Label Distribution
Note This section is not applicable to Inter-AS over IP tunnels.
You can set up the MPLS VPN Inter-AS network so that the ASBRs exchange IPv4 routes with MPLS labels of the provider edge (PE) routers. Route reflectors (RRs) exchange VPN-IPv4 routes by using multihop, multiprotocol external Border Gateway Protocol (eBGP). This method of configuring the Inter-AS system is often called MPLS VPN Inter-AS BGP Label Distribution.
Configuring the Inter-AS system so that the ASBRs exchange the IPv4 routes and MPLS labels has the following benefits:
- Saves the ASBRs from having to store all the VPN-IPv4 routes. Using the route reflectors to store the VPN-IPv4 routes and forward them to the PE routers results in improved scalability compared with configurations in which the ASBR holds all the VPN-IPv4 routes and forwards the routes based on VPN-IPv4 labels.
- Having the route reflectors hold the VPN-IPv4 routes also simplifies the configuration at the border of the network.
- Enables a non-VPN core network to act as a transit network for VPN traffic. You can transport IPv4 routes with MPLS labels over a non-MPLS VPN service provider.
- Eliminates the need for any other label distribution protocol between adjacent label switch routers (LSRs). If two adjacent LSRs are also BGP peers, BGP can handle the distribution of the MPLS labels. No other label distribution protocol is needed between the two LSRs.
Exchanging IPv4 Routes with MPLS labels
Note This section is not applicable to Inter-AS over IP tunnels.
You can set up a VPN service provider network to exchange IPv4 routes with MPLS labels. You can configure the VPN service provider network as follows:
- Route reflectors exchange VPN-IPv4 routes by using multihop, multiprotocol eBGP. This configuration also preserves the next-hop information and the VPN labels across the autonomous systems.
- A local PE router (for example, PE1 in Figure 33) needs to know the routes and label information for the remote PE router (PE2).
This information can be exchanged between the PE routers and ASBRs in one of two ways:
– Internal Gateway Protocol (IGP) and Label Distribution Protocol (LDP): The ASBR can redistribute the IPv4 routes and MPLS labels it learned from eBGP into IGP and LDP and from IGP and LDP into eBGP.
– Internal Border Gateway Protocol (iBGP) IPv4 label distribution: The ASBR and PE router can use direct iBGP sessions to exchange VPN-IPv4 and IPv4 routes and MPLS labels.
Alternatively, the route reflector can reflect the IPv4 routes and MPLS labels learned from the ASBR to the PE routers in the VPN. This reflecting of learned IPv4 routes and MPLS labels is accomplished by enabling the ASBR to exchange IPv4 routes and MPLS labels with the route reflector. The route reflector also reflects the VPN-IPv4 routes to the PE routers in the VPN. For example, in VPN1, RR1 reflects to PE1 the VPN-IPv4 routes it learned and IPv4 routes and MPLS labels learned from ASBR1. Using the route reflectors to store the VPN-IPv4 routes and forward them through the PE routers and ASBRs allows for a scalable configuration.
Figure 33 VPNs Using eBGP and iBGP to Distribute Routes and MPLS Labels
BGP Routing Information
BGP routing information includes the following items:
- Network number (prefix), which is the IP address of the destination.
- Autonomous system (AS) path, which is a list of the other ASs through which a route passes on the way to the local router. The first AS in the list is closest to the local router; the last AS in the list is farthest from the local router and usually the AS where the route began.
- Path attributes, which provide other information about the AS path, for example, the next hop.
BGP Messages and MPLS Labels
MPLS labels are included in the update messages that a router sends. Routers exchange the following types of BGP messages:
- Open messages—After a router establishes a TCP connection with a neighboring router, the routers exchange open messages. This message contains the number of the autonomous system to which the router belongs and the IP address of the router that sent the message.
- Update messages—When a router has a new, changed, or broken route, it sends an update message to the neighboring router. This message contains the NLRI, which lists the IP addresses of the usable routes. The update message includes any routes that are no longer usable. The update message also includes path attributes and the lengths of both the usable and unusable paths. Labels for VPN-IPv4 routes are encoded in the update message, as specified in RFC 2858. The labels for the IPv4 routes are encoded in the update message, as specified in RFC 3107.
- Keepalive messages—Routers exchange keepalive messages to determine if a neighboring router is still available to exchange routing information. The router sends these messages at regular intervals. (Sixty seconds is the default for Cisco routers.) The keepalive message does not contain routing data; it contains only a message header.
- Notification messages—When a router detects an error, it sends a notification message.
Sending MPLS Labels with Routes
When BGP (eBGP and iBGP) distributes a route, it can also distribute an MPLS label that is mapped to that route. The MPLS label mapping information for the route is carried in the BGP update message that contains the information about the route. If the next hop is not changed, the label is preserved.
When you issue the show bgp neighbors ip-address command on both BGP routers, the routers advertise to each other that they can then send MPLS labels with the routes. If the routers successfully negotiate their ability to send MPLS labels, the routers add MPLS labels to all outgoing BGP updates.
Carrier Supporting Carrier Support for L3VPN
This section provides conceptual information about MPLS VPN Carrier Supporting Carrier (CSC) functionality and includes the following topics:
Throughout this document, the following terminology is used in the context of CSC:
backbone carrier —Service provider that provides the segment of the backbone network to the other provider. A backbone carrier offers BGP and MPLS VPN services.
customer carrier —Service provider that uses the segment of the backbone network. The customer carrier may be an Internet service provider (ISP) or a BGP/MPLS VPN service provider.
CE router—A customer edge router is part of a customer network and interfaces to a provider edge (PE) router. In this document, the CE router sits on the edge of the customer carrier network.
PE router—A provider edge router is part of a service provider's network connected to a customer edge (CE) router. In this document, the PE router sits on the edge of the backbone carrier network
ASBR —An autonomous system boundary router connects one autonomous system to another.
CSC Prerequisites
The following prerequisites are required to configure CSC:
- You must be able to configure MPLS VPNs with end-to-end (CE-to-CE router) pings working.
- You must be able to configure Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs), MPLS Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), and Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol (MP-BGP).
- You must ensure that CSC-PE and CSC-CE routers support BGP label distribution.
Note BGP is the only supported label distribution protocol on the link between CE and PE.
CSC Benefits
This section describes the benefits of CSC to the backbone carrier and customer carriers.
Benefits to the Backbone Carrier
- The backbone carrier can accommodate many customer carriers and give them access to its backbone.
- The MPLS VPN carrier supporting carrier feature is scalable.
- The MPLS VPN carrier supporting carrier feature is a flexible solution.
Benefits to the Customer Carriers
- The MPLS VPN carrier supporting carrier feature removes from the customer carrier the burden of configuring, operating, and maintaining its own backbone.
- Customer carriers who use the VPN services provided by the backbone carrier receive the same level of security that Frame Relay or ATM-based VPNs provide.
- Customer carriers can use any link layer technology to connect the CE routers to the PE routers and the PE routers to the P routers.
- The customer carrier can use any addressing scheme and still be supported by a backbone carrier.
Benefits of Implementing MPLS VPN CSC Using BGP
The benefits of using BGP to distribute IPv4 routes and MPLS label routes are:
- BGP takes the place of an IGP and LDP in a VPN forwarding and routing instance (VRF) table.
- BGP is the preferred routing protocol for connecting two ISPs,
Configuration Options for the Backbone and Customer Carriers
To enable CSC, the backbone and customer carriers must be configured accordingly:
- The backbone carrier must offer BGP and MPLS VPN services.
- The customer carrier can take several networking forms. The customer carrier can be:
– An ISP with an IP core (see the “Customer Carrier: ISP with IP Core” section).
– An MPLS service provider with or without VPN services (see “Customer Carrier: MPLS Service Provider” section).
Note An IGP in the customer carrier network is used to distribute next hops and loopbacks to the CSC-CE. IBGP with label sessions are used in the customer carrier network to distribute next hops and loopbacks to the CSC-CE.
Customer Carrier: ISP with IP Core
Figure 34 shows a network configuration where the customer carrier is an ISP. The customer carrier has two sites, each of which is a point of presence (POP). The customer carrier connects these sites using a VPN service provided by the backbone carrier. The backbone carrier uses MPLS or IP tunnels to provide VPN services. The ISP sites use IP.
Figure 34 Network: Customer Carrier Is an ISP
The links between the CE and PE routers use eBGP to distribute IPv4 routes and MPLS labels. Between the links, the PE routers use multiprotocol iBGP to distribute VPNv4 routes.
Customer Carrier: MPLS Service Provider
Figure 35 shows a network configuration where the backbone carrier and the customer carrier are BGP/MPLS VPN service providers. The customer carrier has two sites. The customer carrier uses MPLS in its network while the backbone carrier may use MPLS or IP tunnels in its network.
Figure 35 Network: Customer Carrier Is an MPLS VPN Service Provider
In this configuration (Figure 35), the customer carrier can configure its network in one of these ways:
- The customer carrier can run an IGP and LDP in its core network. In this case, the CSC-CE1 router in the customer carrier redistributes the eBGP routes it learns from the CSC-PE1 router of the backbone carrier to an IGP.
- The CSC-CE1 router of the customer carrier system can run an IPv4 and labels iBGP session with the PE1 router.
How to Implement MPLS Layer 3 VPNs
This section contains instructions for the following tasks:
Configuring the Core Network
Configuring the core network includes the following tasks:
Assessing the Needs of MPLS VPN Customers
Before configuring an MPLS VPN, the core network topology must be identified so that it can best serve MPLS VPN customers. Perform this task to identify the core network topology.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. Identify the size of the network.
2. Identify the routing protocols in the core.
3. Determine if MPLS High Availability support is required.
4. Determine if BGP load sharing and redundant paths are required.
DETAILED STEPS
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Step 1 |
Identify the size of the network. |
Identify the following to determine the number of routers and ports required:
- How many customers will be supported?
- How many VPNs are required for each customer?
- How many virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) instances are there for each VPN?
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Step 2 |
Identify the routing protocols in the core. |
Determine which routing protocols are required in the core network. |
Step 3 |
Determine if MPLS High Availability support is required. |
MPLS VPN nonstop forwarding and graceful restart are supported on select routers and Cisco IOS XR software releases. |
Step 4 |
Determine if BGP load sharing and redundant paths are required. |
Determine if BGP load sharing and redundant paths in the MPLS VPN core are required. |
Configuring Routing Protocols in the Core
To configure a routing protocol, see the Cisco IOS XR Routing Configuration Guide.
Configuring MPLS in the Core
To enable MPLS on all routers in the core, you must configure a Label Distribution Protocol (LDP). You can use either of the following as an LDP:
- MPLS LDP—See the Implementing MPLS Label Distribution Protocol on Cisco IOS XR Software for configuration information.
- MPLS Traffic Engineering Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)—See Implementing RSVP for MPLS-TE and MPLS O-UNI on Cisco IOS XR Software for configuration information.
Determining if FIB Is Enabled in the Core
Forwarding Information Base (FIB) must be enabled on all routers in the core, including the provider edge (PE) routers. For information on how to determine if FIB is enabled, see the Implementing Cisco Express Forwarding on Cisco IOS XR Software module in the Cisco IOS XR IP Addresses and Services Configuration Guide.
Configuring Multiprotocol BGP on the PE Routers and Route Reflectors
Perform this task to configure multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP) connectivity on the PE routers and route reflectors.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router bgp autonomous-system-number
3. address-family vpnv4 unicast
or
address-family vpnv6 unicast
4. neighbor ip-address remote-as autonomous-system-number
5. address-family vpnv4 unicast
or
address-family vpnv6 unicast
6. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
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Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router bgp autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router bgp 120 |
Enters BGP configuration mode allowing you to configure the BGP routing process. |
Step 3 |
address-family vpnv4 unicast or address-family vpnv6 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# address-family vpnv4 unicast |
Enters VPNv4 or VPNv6 address family configuration mode for the VPNv4 or VPNv6 address family. |
Step 4 |
neighbor ip-address remote-as autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# neighbor 172.168.40.24 remote-as 2002 |
Creates a neighbor and assigns it a remote autonomous system number. |
Step 5 |
address-family vpnv4 unicast or address-family vpnv6 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# address-family vpnv4 unicast |
Enters VPNv4 or VPNv6 address family configuration mode for the VPNv4 or VPNv6 address family. |
Step 6 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting (yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
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Connecting MPLS VPN Customers
To connect MPLS VPN customers to the VPN, perform the following tasks:
Defining VRFs on the PE Routers to Enable Customer Connectivity
Perform this task to define VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instances.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. vrf vrf-name
3. address-family ipv4 unicast
4. import route-policy policy-name
5. import route-target [ as-number:nn | ip-address:nn ]
6. export route-policy policy-name
7. export route-target [ as-number:nn | ip-address:nn ]
8. exit
9. exit
10. router bgp autonomous-system-number
11. vrf vrf-name
12. rd { as-number | ip-address | auto }
13. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
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Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
vrf vrf-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# vrf vrf_1 |
Configures a VRF instance and enters VRF configuration mode. |
Step 3 |
address-family ipv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-vrf)# address-family ipv4 unicast |
Enters VRF address family configuration mode for the IPv4 address family. |
Step 4 |
import route-policy policy-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-vrf-af)# import route-policy policy_A |
Specifies a route policy that can be imported into the local VPN. |
Step 5 |
import route-target [ as-number:nn | ip-address:nn ]
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-vrf-af)# import route-target 120:1 |
Allows exported VPN routes to be imported into the VPN if one of the route targets of the exported route matches one of the local VPN import route targets. |
Step 6 |
export route-policy policy-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-vrf-af)# export route-policy policy_B |
Specifies a route policy that can be exported from the local VPN. |
Step 7 |
export route-target [ as-number:nn | ip-address:nn ]
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-vrf-af)# export route-target 120:2 |
Associates the local VPN with a route target. When the route is advertised to other provider edge (PE) routers, the export route target is sent along with the route as an extended community. |
Step 8 |
exit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-vrf-af)# exit |
Exits VRF address family configuration mode and returns the router to VRF configuration mode. |
Step 9 |
exit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-vrf)# exit |
Exits VRF configuration mode and returns the router to global configuration mode. |
Step 10 |
router bgp autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router bgp 120 |
Enters BGP configuration mode allowing you to configure the BGP routing process. |
Step 11 |
vrf vrf-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# vrf vrf_1 |
Configures a VRF instance and enters VRF configuration mode for BGP routing. |
Step 12 |
rd { as-number | ip-address | auto }
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf)# rd auto |
Automatically assigns a unique route distinguisher (RD) to vrf_1. |
Step 13 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
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Configuring VRF Interfaces on PE Routers for Each VPN Customer
Perform this task to associate a VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instance with an interface or a subinterface on the PE routers.
Note You must remove IPv4/IPv6 addresses from an interface prior to assigning, removing, or changing an interface's VRF. If this is not done in advance, any attempt to change the VRF on an IP interface is rejected.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. interface type interface-path-id
3. vrf vrf-name
4. ipv4 address ipv4-address mask
5. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
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Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
interface type interface-path-id
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/3/0/0 |
Enters interface configuration mode. |
Step 3 |
vrf vrf-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-if)# vrf vrf_A |
Configures a VRF instance and enters VRF configuration mode. |
Step 4 |
ipv4 address ipv4-address mask
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-if)# ipv4 address 192.168.1.27 255.255.255.0 |
Configures a primary IPv4 address for the specified interface. |
Step 5 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-if)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-if)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
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Configuring BGP as the Routing Protocol Between the PE and CE Routers
Perform this task to configure PE-to-CE routing sessions using BGP.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router bgp autonomous-system-number
3. bgp router-id { ip-address }
4. vrf vrf-name
5. label-allocation-mode per-ce
6. address-family ipv4 unicast
7. redistribute connected [ metric metric-value ] [ route-policy route-policy-name ]
or
redistribute isis process-id [ level { 1 | 1-inter-area | 2 }] [ metric metric-value ] [ route-policy route-policy-name ]
or
redistribute ospf process-id [ match { external [ 1 | 2 ] | internal | nssa-external [ 1 | 2 ]}] [ metric metric-value ] [ route-policy route-policy-name ]
or
redistribute ospfv3 process-id [ match { external [ 1 | 2 ] | internal | nssa-external [ 1 | 2 ]}] [ metric metric-value ] [ route-policy route-policy-name ]
or
redistribute static [ metric metric-value ] [ route-policy route-policy-name ]
8. aggregate-address address/mask-length [ as-set ] [ as-confed-set ] [ summary-only ] [ route-policy route-policy-name ]
9. network { ip-address/prefix-length | ip-address mask } [ route-policy route-policy-name ]
10. exit
11. neighbor ip-address
12. remote-as autonomous-system-number
13. password { clear | encrypted } password
14. ebgp-multihop [ ttl-value ]
15. address-family ipv4 unicast
16. allowas-in [ as-occurrence-number ]
17. route-policy route-policy-name in
18. route-policy route-policy-name out
19. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
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Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router bgp autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router bgp 120 |
Enters Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) configuration mode allowing you to configure the BGP routing process. |
Step 3 |
bgp router-id { ip-address }
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# bgp router-id 192.168.70.24 |
Configures the local router with a router ID of 192.168.70.24. |
Step 4 |
vrf vrf-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# vrf vrf_1 |
Configures a VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instance and enters VRF configuration mode for BGP routing. |
Step 5 |
label-allocation-mode per-ce
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf)# label-allocation-mode per-ce |
Sets the MPLS VPN label allocation mode for each customer edge (CE) label mode allowing the provider edge (PE) router to allocate one label for every immediate next-hop. |
Step 6 |
address-family ipv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf)# address-family ipv4 unicast |
Enters VRF address family configuration mode for the IPv4 address family. |
Step 7 |
redistribute connected [ metric metric-value ] [ route-policy route-policy-name ] or redistribute isis process-id [ level { 1 | 1-inter-area | 2 }] [ metric metric-value ] [ route-policy route-policy-name ] or redistribute ospf process-id [ match { external [ 1 | 2 ] | internal | nssa-external [ 1 | 2 ]}] [ metric metric-value ] [ route-policy route-policy-name] or redistribute ospfv3 process-id [ match { external [ 1 | 2 ] | internal | nssa-external [ 1 | 2 ]}] [ metric metric-value ] [ route-policy route-policy-name ] or redistribute static [ metric metric-value ] [ route-policy route-policy-name ]
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-af)# redistribute connected |
Causes routes to be redistributed into BGP. The routes that can be redistributed into BGP are:
- Connected
- Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS)
- Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
- Static
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Step 8 |
aggregate-address address/mask-length [ as-set ] [ as-confed-set ] [ summary-only ] [ route-policy route-policy-name ]
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-af)# aggregate-address 10.0.0.0/8 as-set |
Creates an aggregate address. The path advertised for this route is an autonomous system set consisting of all elements contained in all paths that are being summarized.
- The as-set keyword generates autonomous system set path information and community information from contributing paths.
- The as-confed-set keyword generates autonomous system confederation set path information from contributing paths.
- The summary-only keyword filters all more specific routes from updates.
- The route-policy route-policy-name keyword and argument specify the route policy used to set the attributes of the aggregate route.
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Step 9 |
network { ip-address/prefix-length | ip-address mask } [ route-policy route-policy-name ]
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-af)# network 172.20.0.0/16 |
Configures the local router to originate and advertise the specified network. |
Step 10 |
exit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-af)# exit |
Exits VRF address family configuration mode and returns the router to VRF configuration mode for BGP routing. |
Step 11 |
neighbor ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf)# neighbor 172.168.40.24 |
Places the router in VRF neighbor configuration mode for BGP routing and configures the neighbor IP address 172.168.40.24 as a BGP peer. |
Step 12 |
remote-as autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr)# remote-as 2002 |
Creates a neighbor and assigns it a remote autonomous system number. |
Step 13 |
password { clear | encrypted } password
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr)# password clear pswd123 |
Configures neighbor 172.168.40.24 to use MD5 authentication with the password pswd123. |
Step 14 |
ebgp-multihop [ ttl-value ]
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr)# ebgp-multihop |
Allows a BGP connection to neighbor 172.168.40.24. |
Step 15 |
address-family ipv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr)# address-family ipv4 unicast |
Enters VRF neighbor address family configuration mode for BGP routing. |
Step 16 |
allowas-in [ as-occurrence-number ]
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr-af)# allowas-in 3 |
Replaces the neighbor autonomous system number (ASN) with the PE ASN in the AS path three times. |
Step 17 |
route-policy route-policy-name in
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr-af)# route-policy In-Ipv4 in |
Applies the In-Ipv4 policy to inbound IPv4 unicast routes. |
Step 18 |
route-policy route-policy-name out
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr-af)# route-policy In-Ipv4 in |
Applies the In-Ipv4 policy to outbound IPv4 unicast routes. |
Step 19 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr-af)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr-af)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
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Configuring RIPv2 as the Routing Protocol Between the PE and CE Routers
Perform this task to configure provider edge (PE)-to-customer edge (CE) routing sessions using Routing Information Protocol version 2 (RIPv2).
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router rip
3. vrf vrf-name
4. interface type instance
5. site-of-origin { as-number : number | ip-address : number }
6. exit
7. redistribute bgp as-number [[ external | internal | local ] [ route-policy name ]
or
redistribute connected [ route-policy name ]
or
redistribute isis process-id [ level-1 | level-1-2 | level-2 ] [ route-policy name ]
or
redistribute eigrp as-number [ route-policy name ]
or
redistribute ospf process-id [ match { external [ 1 | 2 ] | internal | nssa-external [ 1 | 2 ]}] [ route-policy name ]
or
redistribute static [ route-policy name ]
8. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
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Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router rip
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router rip |
Enters the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) configuration mode allowing you to configure the RIP routing process. |
Step 3 |
vrf vrf-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-rip)# vrf vrf_1 |
Configures a VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instance and enters VRF configuration mode for RIP routing. |
Step 4 |
interface type instance
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-rip-vrf)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/3/0/0 |
Enters VRF interface configuration mode. |
Step 5 |
site-of-origin { as-number:number | ip-address:number }
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-rip-vrf-if)# site-of-origin 200:1 |
Identifies routes that have originated from a site so that the re-advertisement of that prefix back to the source site can be prevented. Uniquely identifies the site from which a PE router has learned a route. |
Step 6 |
exit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-rip-vrf-if)# exit |
Exits VRF interface configuration mode, and returns the router to VRF configuration mode for RIP routing. |
Step 7 |
redistribute bgp as-number [[ external | internal | local ] [ route-policy name ] or redistribute connected [ route-policy name ] or redistribute eigrp as-number [ route-policy name ] or redistribute isis process-id [ level-1 | level-1-2 | level-2 ] [ route-policy name ] or redistribute ospf process-id [ match { external [ 1 | 2 ] | internal | nssa-external [ 1 | 2 ]}] [ route-policy name ] or redistribute static [ route-policy name ]
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-rip-vrf)# redistribute connected |
Causes routes to be redistributed into RIP. The routes that can be redistributed into RIP are:
- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
- Connected
- Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
- Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS)
- Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
- Static
|
Step 8 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-rip-vrf)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-rip-vrf)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
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Configuring Static Routes Between the PE and CE Routers
Perform this task to configure provider edge (PE)-to-customer edge (CE) routing sessions that use static routes.
Note You must remove IPv4/IPv6 addresses from an interface prior to assigning, removing, or changing an interface's VRF. If this is not done in advance, any attempt to change the VRF on an IP interface is rejected.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router static
3. vrf vrf-name
4. address-family ipv4 unicast
5. prefix/mask [ vrf vrf-name ] { ip-address | type interface-path-id }
6. prefix/mask [vrf vrf-name] bfd fast-detect
7. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
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|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router static
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router static |
Enters static routing configuration mode allowing you to configure the static routing process. |
Step 3 |
vrf vrf-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static)# vrf vrf_1 |
Configures a VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instance and enters VRF configuration mode for static routing. |
Step 4 |
address-family ipv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-vrf)# address-family ipv4 unicast |
Enters VRF address family configuration mode for the IPv4 address family. |
Step 5 |
prefix/mask [ vrf vrf-name ] { ip-address | type interface-path-id}
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-vrf-afi)# 172.168.40.24/24 vrf vrf_1 10.1.1.1 |
Assigns the static route to vrf_1. |
Step 6 |
prefix/mask [vrf vrf-name] bfd fast-detect
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-vrf-afi)# 172.168.40.24/24 vrf vrf_1 bfd fast-detect |
Enables bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) to detect failures in the path between adjacent forwarding engines. This option is available is when the forwarding router address is specified in Step 5. |
Step 7 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-vrf-afi)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-vrf-afi)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
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Configuring OSPF as the Routing Protocol Between the PE and CE Routers
Perform this task to configure provider edge (PE)-to-customer edge (CE) routing sessions that use Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router ospf process-name
3. vrf vrf-name
4. router-id { router-id | type interface-path-id }
5. redistribute bgp process-id [ metric metric-value ] [ metric-type { 1 | 2 }] [ route-policy policy-name ] [ tag tag-value ]
or
redistribute connected [ metric metric-value ] [ metric-type { 1 | 2 }] [ route-policy policy-name ] [ tag tag-value ]
or
redistribute ospf process-id [ match { external [ 1 | 2 ] | internal | nssa-external [ 1 | 2 ]}] [ metric metric-value ] [ metric-type { 1 | 2 }] [ route-policy policy-name ] [ tag tag-value ]
or
redistribute static [ metric metric-value ] [ metric-type { 1 | 2 }] [ route-policy policy-name ] [ tag tag-value ]
or
redistribute eigrp process-id [ match { external [ 1 | 2 ] | internal | nssa-external [ 1 | 2 ]}] [ metric metric-value ] [ metric-type { 1 | 2 }] [ route-policy policy-name ] [ tag tag-value ]
or
redistribute rip [ metric metric-value ] [ metric-type { 1 | 2 }] [ route-policy policy-name ] [ tag tag-value ]
6. area area-id
7. interface type interface-path-id
8. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router ospf process-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router ospf 109 |
Enters OSPF configuration mode allowing you to configure the OSPF routing process. |
Step 3 |
vrf vrf-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-ospf)# vrf vrf_1 |
Configures a VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instance and enters VRF configuration mode for OSPF routing. |
Step 4 |
router-id { router-id | type interface-path-id}
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-ospf-vrf)# router-id 172.20.10.10 |
Configures the router ID for the OSPF routing process. |
Step 5 |
redistribute bgp process-id [ metric metric-value ] [ metric-type { 1 | 2 }] [ route-policy policy-name ] [ tag tag-value ] or redistribute connected [ metric metric-value ] [ metric-type { 1 | 2 }] [ route-policy policy-name ] [ tag tag-value ] or redistribute ospf process-id [ match { external [ 1 | 2 ] | internal | nssa-external [ 1 | 2 ]}] [ metric metric-value ] [ metric-type { 1 | 2 }] [ route-policy policy-name ] [ tag tag-value ] or redistribute static [ metric metric-value ] [ metric-type { 1 | 2 }] [ route-policy policy-name ] [ tag tag-value ] or redistribute eigrp process-id [ match { external [ 1 | 2 ] | internal | nssa-external [ 1 | 2 ]]}[ metric metric-value ] [ metric-type { 1 | 2 }] [ route-policy policy-name ] [ tag tag-value ] or redistribute rip [ metric metric-value ] [ metric-type { 1 | 2 }] [ route-policy policy-name ] [ tag tag-value ]
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-ospf-vrf)# redistribute connected |
Causes routes to be redistributed into OSPF. The routes that can be redistributed into OSPF are:
- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
- Connected
- Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
- OSPF
- Static
- Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
|
Step 6 |
area area-id
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-ospf-vrf)# area 0 |
Configures the OSPF area as area 0. |
Step 7 |
interface type interface-path-id
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-ospf-vrf-ar)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/3/0/0 |
Associates interface GigabitEthernet 0/3/0/0 with area 0. |
Step 8 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-ospf-vrf-ar-if)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-ospf-vrf-ar-if)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
Configuring EIGRP as the Routing Protocol Between the PE and CE Routers
Perform this task to configure provider edge (PE)-to-customer edge (CE) routing sessions that use Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP).
Using EIGRP between the PE and CE routers allows you to transparently connect EIGRP customer networks through an MPLS-enable Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) core network so that EIGRP routes are redistributed through the VPN across the BGP network as internal BGP (iBGP) routes.
Prerequisites
BGP must configured in the network. See the Implementing BGP on Cisco IOS XR Software module in Cisco IOS XR Routing Configuration Guide.
Note You must remove IPv4/IPv6 addresses from an interface prior to assigning, removing, or changing an interface's VRF. If this is not done in advance, any attempt to change the VRF on an IP interface is rejected.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router eigrp as-number
3. vrf vrf-name
4. address-family ipv4
5. router-id router-id
6. autonomous-system as-number
7. default-metric bandwidth delay reliability loading mtu
8. redistribute {{ bgp | connected | isis | ospf | rip | static } [ as-number | instance-name ]} [ route-policy name ]
9. interface type interface-path-id
10. site-of-origin { as-number:number | ip-address:number }
11. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router eigrp as-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router eigrp 24 |
Enters EIGRP configuration mode allowing you to configure the EIGRP routing process. |
Step 3 |
vrf vrf-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp)# vrf vrf_1 |
Configures a VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instance and enters VRF configuration mode for EIGRP routing. |
Step 4 |
address-family ipv4
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp-vrf)# address family ipv4 |
Enters VRF address family configuration mode for the IPv4 address family. |
Step 5 |
router-id router-id
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp-vrf-af)# router-id 172.20.0.0 |
Configures the router ID for the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) routing process. |
Step 6 |
autonomous-system as-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp-vrf-af)# autonomous-system 6 |
Configures the EIGRP routing process to run within a VRF. |
Step 7 |
default-metric bandwidth delay reliability loading mtu
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp-vrf-af)# default-metric 100000 4000 200 45 4470 |
Sets the metrics for an EIGRP. |
Step 8 |
redistribute {{ bgp | connected | isis | ospf | rip | static } [ as-number | instance-name ]} [ route-policy name ]
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp-vrf-af)# redistribute connected |
Causes connected routes to be redistributed into EIGRP. |
Step 9 |
interface type interface-path-id
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp-vrf-af)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/3/0/0 |
Associates interface GigabitEthernet 0/3/0/0 with the EIGRP routing process. |
Step 10 |
site-of-origin { as-number:number | ip-address:number }
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp-vrf-af-if)# site-of-origin 201:1 |
Configures site of origin (SoO) on interface GigabitEthernet 0/3/0/0. |
Step 11 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp-vrf-af-if)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp-vrf-af-if)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
Configuring EIGRP Redistribution in the MPLS VPN
Perform this task for every provider edge (PE) router that provides VPN services to enable Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) redistribution in the MPLS VPN.
Prerequisites
The metric can be configured in the route-policy configuring using the redistribute command (or configured with the default-metric command). If an external route is received from another EIGRP autonomous system or a non-EIGRP network without a configured metric, the route is not installed in the EIGRP database. If an external route is received from another EIGRP autonomous system or a non-EIGRP network without a configured metric, the route is not advertised to the CE router. See the Implementing EIGRP on Cisco IOS XR Software module in the Cisco IOS XR Routing Configuration Guide.
Restrictions
Redistribution between native EIGRP VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instances is not supported. This behavior is designed.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router eigrp as-number
3. vrf vrf-name
4. address-family ipv4
5. redistribute bgp [ as-number ] [ route-policy policy-name ]
6. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router eigrp as-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router eigrp 24 |
Enters EIGRP configuration mode allowing you to configure the EIGRP routing process. |
Step 3 |
vrf vrf-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp)# vrf vrf_1 |
Configures a VRF instance and enters VRF configuration mode for EIGRP routing. |
Step 4 |
address-family ipv4
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp-vrf)# address family ipv4 |
Enters VRF address family configuration mode for the IPv4 address family. |
Step 5 |
redistribute bgp [ as-number ] [ route-policy policy-name ]
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp-vrf-af)# redistribute bgp 24 route-policy policy_A |
Causes Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routes to be redistributed into EIGRP. |
Step 6 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp-vrf-af-if)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-eigrp-vrf-af-if)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
Providing VPN Connectivity Across Multiple Autonomous Systems with MPLS VPN Inter-AS with ASBRs Exchanging IPv4 Routes and MPLS Labels
Note This section is not applicable to Inter-AS over IP tunnels.
This section contains instructions for the following tasks:
Configuring ASBRs to Exchange IPv4 Routes and MPLS Labels
Perform this task to configure the autonomous system boundary routers (ASBRs) to exchange IPv4 routes and MPLS labels.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router bgp autonomous-system-number
3. address-family ipv4 unicast
4. allocate-label all
5. neighbor ip-address
6. remote-as autonomous-system-number
7. address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast
8. route-policy route-policy-name in
9. route-policy route-policy-name out
10. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router bgp autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router bgp 120 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# |
Enters Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) configuration mode allowing you to configure the BGP routing process. |
Step 3 |
address-family ipv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# address-family ipv4 unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-af)# |
Enters global address family configuration mode for the IPv4 unicast address family. |
Step 4 |
allocate-label all
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-af)# allocate-label all |
Allocates the MPLS labels for a specific IPv4 unicast or VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) IPv4 unicast routes so that the BGP router can send labels with BGP routes to a neighboring router that is configured for a labeled-unicast session. |
Step 5 |
neighbor ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-af)# neighbor 172.168.40.24 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# |
Places the router in neighbor configuration mode for BGP routing and configures the neighbor IP address 172.168.40.24 as a BGP peer. |
Step 6 |
remote-as autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# remote-as 2002 |
Creates a neighbor and assigns it a remote autonomous system number. |
Step 7 |
address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af) |
Enters neighbor address family configuration mode for the IPv4 labeled-unicast address family. |
Step 8 |
route-policy route-policy-name in
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# route-policy pass-all in |
Applies a routing policy to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor.
- Use the route-policy-name argument to define the name of the of route policy. The example shows that the route policy name is defined as pass-all.
- Use the in keyword to define the policy for inbound routes.
|
Step 9 |
route-policy route-policy-name out
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# route-policy pass-all out |
Applies a routing policy to updates that are sent to a BGP neighbor.
- Use the route-policy-name argument to define the name of the of route policy. The example shows that the route policy name is defined as pass-all.
- Use the out keyword to define the policy for outbound routes.
|
Step 10 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
Configuring the Route Reflectors to Exchange VPN-IPv4 Routes
Perform this task to enable the route reflectors to exchange VPN-IPv4 routes by using multihop. This task specifies that the next-hop information and the VPN label are to be preserved across the autonomous system.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router bgp autonomous-system-number
3. neighbor ip-address
4. remote-as autonomous-system-number
5. ebgp-multihop [ ttl-value ]
6. update-source type interface-path-id
7. address-family vpnv4 unicast
8. route-policy route-policy-name in
9. route-policy route-policy-name out
10. next-hop-unchanged
11. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router bgp autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router bgp 120 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# |
Enters Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) configuration mode allowing you to configure the BGP routing process. |
Step 3 |
neighbor ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# neighbor 172.168.40.24 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# |
Places the router in neighbor configuration mode for BGP routing and configures the neighbor IP address 172.168.40.24 as a BGP peer. |
Step 4 |
remote-as autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# remote-as 2002 |
Creates a neighbor and assigns it a remote autonomous system number. |
Step 5 |
ebgp-multihop [ ttl-value ]
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# ebgp-multihop |
Enables multihop peerings with external BGP neighbors. |
Step 6 |
update-source type interface-path-id
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# update-source loopback0 |
Allows BGP sessions to use the primary IP address from a particular interface as the local address. |
Step 7 |
address-family vpnv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# address-family vpnv4 unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# |
Configures VPNv4 address family. |
Step 8 |
route-policy route-policy-name in
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# route-policy pass-all in |
Applies a routing policy to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor.
- Use the route-policy-name argument to define the name of the of route policy. The example shows that the route policy name is defined as pass-all.
- Use the in keyword to define the policy for inbound routes.
|
Step 9 |
route-policy route-policy-name out
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# route-policy pass-all out |
Applies a routing policy to updates that are sent to a BGP neighbor.
- Use the route-policy-name argument to define the name of the of route policy. The example shows that the route policy name is defined as pass-all.
- Use the out keyword to define the policy for outbound routes.
|
Step 10 |
next-hop-unchanged
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# next-hop-unchanged |
Disables overwriting of the next hop before advertising to external Border Gateway Protocol (eBGP) peers. |
Step 11 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
Configuring the Route Reflector to Reflect Remote Routes in its AS
Perform this task to enable the route reflector (RR) to reflect the IPv4 routes and labels learned by the autonomous system boundary router (ASBR) to the provider edge (PE) routers in the autonomous system. This task is accomplished by making the ASBR and PE route reflector clients of the RR.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router bgp autonomous-system-number
3. address-family ipv4 unicast
4. allocate-label all
5. neighbor ip-address
6. remote-as autonomous-system-number
7. update-source type interface-path-id
8. address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast
9. route-reflector-client
10. neighbor ip-address
11. remote-as autonomous-system-number
12. update-source type interface-path-id
13. address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast
14. route-reflector-client
15. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router bgp autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router bgp 120 |
Enters Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) configuration mode allowing you to configure the BGP routing process. |
Step 3 |
address-family ipv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# address-family ipv4 unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-af)# |
Enters global address family configuration mode for the IPv4 unicast address family. |
Step 4 |
allocate-label all
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-af)# allocate-label all |
Allocates the MPLS labels for a specific IPv4 unicast or VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) IPv4 unicast routes so that the BGP router can send labels with BGP routes to a neighboring router that is configured for a labeled-unicast session. |
Step 5 |
neighbor ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-af)# neighbor 172.168.40.24 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# |
Places the router in neighbor configuration mode for BGP routing and configures the neighbor IP address 172.168.40.24 as an ASBR eBGP peer. |
Step 6 |
remote-as autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# remote-as 2002 |
Creates a neighbor and assigns it a remote autonomous system number. |
Step 7 |
update-source type interface-path-id
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# update-source loopback0 |
Allows BGP sessions to use the primary IP address from a particular interface as the local address. |
Step 8 |
address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# |
Enters neighbor address family configuration mode for the IPv4 labeled-unicast address family. |
Step 9 |
route-reflector-client
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# route-reflector-client |
Configures the router as a BGP route reflector and neighbor 172.168.40.24 as its client. |
Step 10 |
neighbor ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# neighbor 10.40.25.2 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# |
Places the router in neighbor configuration mode for BGP routing and configures the neighbor IP address.40.25.2 as an VPNv4 iBGP peer. |
Step 11 |
remote-as autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# remote-as 2002 |
Creates a neighbor and assigns it a remote autonomous system number. |
Step 12 |
update-source type interface-path-id
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# update-source loopback0 |
Allows BGP sessions to use the primary IP address from a particular interface as the local address. |
Step 13 |
address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# |
Enters neighbor address family configuration mode for the IPv4 labeled-unicast address family. |
Step 14 |
route-reflector-client
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# route-reflector-client |
Configures the neighbor as a route reflector client. |
Step 15 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
Providing VPN Connectivity Across Multiple Autonomous Systems with MPLS VPN Inter-AS with ASBRs Exchanging VPN-IPv4 Addresses
This section contains instructions for the following tasks:
Configuring the ASBRs to Exchange VPN-IPv4 Addresses
Perform this task to configure an external Border Gateway Protocol (eBGP) autonomous system boundary router (ASBR) to exchange VPN-IPv4 routes with another autonomous system.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router bgp autonomous-system-number
3. address-family vpnv4 unicast
4. neighbor ip-address
5. remote-as autonomous-system-number
6. address-family vpnv4 unicast
7. route-policy route-policy-name in
8. route-policy route-policy-name out
9. neighbor ip-address
10. remote-as autonomous-system-number
11. update-source type interface-path-id
12. address-family vpnv4 unicast
13. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router bgp autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router bgp 120 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# |
Enters Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) configuration mode allowing you to configure the BGP routing process. |
Step 3 |
address-family vpnv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# address-family vpnv4 unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-af)# |
Configures VPNv4 address family. |
Step 4 |
neighbor ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-af)# neighbor 172.168.40.24 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# |
Places the router in neighbor configuration mode for BGP routing and configures the neighbor IP address 172.168.40.24 as an ASBR eBGP peer. |
Step 5 |
remote-as autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# remote-as 2002 |
Creates a neighbor and assigns it a remote autonomous system number. |
Step 6 |
address-family vpnv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# address-family vpnv4 unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# |
Configures VPNv4 address family. |
Step 7 |
route-policy route-policy-name in
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# route-policy pass-all in |
Applies a routing policy to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor.
- Use the route-policy-name argument to define the name of the of route policy. The example shows that the route policy name is defined as pass-all.
- Use the in keyword to define the policy for inbound routes.
|
Step 8 |
route-policy route-policy-name out
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# route-policy pass-all out |
Applies a routing policy to updates that are sent from a BGP neighbor.
- Use the route-policy-name argument to define the name of the of route policy. The example shows that the route policy name is defined as pass-all.
- Use the out keyword to define the policy for outbound routes.
|
Step 9 |
neighbor ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# neighbor 10.40.25.2 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# |
Places the router in neighbor configuration mode for BGP routing and configures the neighbor IP address 10.40.25.2 as an VPNv4 iBGP peer. |
Step 10 |
remote-as autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# remote-as 2002 |
Creates a neighbor and assigns it a remote autonomous system number. |
Step 11 |
update-source type interface-path-id
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# update-source loopback0 |
Allows BGP sessions to use the primary IP address from a particular interface as the local address. |
Step 12 |
address-family vpnv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# address-family vpnv4 unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# |
Configures VPNv4 address family. |
Step 13 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
Configuring a Static Route to an ASBR Peer
Perform this task to configure a static route to an ASBR peer.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router static
3. address-family ipv4 unicast
4. A.B.C.D/length next-hop
5. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router static
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static)#
|
Enters router static configuration mode. |
Step 3 |
address-family ipv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static)# address-family ipv4 unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-afi)# |
Enables an IPv4 address family. |
Step 4 |
A.B.C.D/length next-hop
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-afi)# 10.10.10.10/32 10.9.9.9 |
Enters the address of the destination router (including IPv4 subnet mask). |
Step 5 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-afi)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-afi)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
Configuring EBGP Routing to Exchange VPN Routes Between Subautonomous Systems in a Confederation
Perform this task to configure external Border Gateway Protocol (eBGP) routing to exchange VPN routes between subautonomous systems in a confederation.
Note To ensure that host routes for VPN-IPv4 eBGP neighbors are propagated (by means of the Interior Gateway Protocol [IGP]) to other routers and PE routers, specify the redistribute connected command in the IGP configuration portion of the confederation eBGP (CEBGP) router. If you are using Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), make sure that the OSPF process is not enabled on the CEBGP interface in which the “redistribute connected” subnet exists.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router bgp autonomous-system-number
3. bgp confederation peers peer autonomous-system-number
4. bgp confederation identifier autonomous-system-number
5. address-family vpnv4 unicast
6. neighbor ip-address
7. remote-as autonomous-system-number
8. address-family vpnv4 unicast
9. route-policy route-policy-name in
10. route-policy route-policy-name out
11. next-hop-self
12. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router bgp autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router bgp 120 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# |
Enters BGP configuration mode allowing you to configure the BGP routing process. |
Step 3 |
bgp confederation peers peer autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# bgp confederation peers 8 |
Configures the peer autonomous system number that belongs to the confederation. |
Step 4 |
bgp confederation identifier autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# bgp confederation identifier 5 |
Specifies the autonomous system number for the confederation ID. |
Step 5 |
address-family vpnv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# address-family vpnv4 unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-af)# |
Configures VPNv4 address family. |
Step 6 |
neighbor ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-af)# neighbor 10.168.40.24 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# |
Places the router in neighbor configuration mode for BGP routing and configures the neighbor IP address 10.168.40.24 as a BGP peer. |
Step 7 |
remote-as autonomous-system-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# remote-as 2002 |
Creates a neighbor and assigns it a remote autonomous system number. |
Step 8 |
address-family vpnv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# address-family vpnv4 unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# |
Configures VPNv4 address family. |
Step 9 |
route-policy route-policy-name in
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# route-policy In-Ipv4 in |
Applies a routing policy to updates received from a BGP neighbor. |
Step 10 |
route-policy route-policy-name out
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# route-policy Out-Ipv4 out |
Applies a routing policy to updates advertised to a BGP neighbor. |
Step 11 |
next-hop-self
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# next-hop-self |
Disables next-hop calculation and let you insert your own address in the next-hop field of BGP updates. |
Step 12 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
Configuring MPLS Forwarding for ASBR Confederations
Perform this task to configure MPLS forwarding for autonomous system boundary router (ASBR) confederations (in BGP) on a specified interface.
Note This configuration adds the implicit NULL rewrite corresponding to the peer associated with the interface, which is required to prevent BGP from automatically installing rewrites by LDP (in multihop instances).
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router bgp as-number
3. mpls activate
4. interface type interface-path-id
5. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router bgp as-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router bgp 120 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp) |
Enters BGP configuration mode allowing you to configure the BGP routing process. |
Step 3 |
mpls activate
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# mpls activate RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-mpls)# |
Enters BGP MPLS activate configuration mode. |
Step 4 |
interface type interface-path-id
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-mpls)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/3/0/0 |
Enables MPLS on the interface. |
Step 5 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-mpls)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-mpls)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router static
3. address-family ipv4 unicast
4. A.B.C.D/length next-hop
5. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router static
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static)#
|
Enters router static configuration mode. |
Step 3 |
address-family ipv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static)# address-family ipv4 unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-afi)# |
Enables an IPv4 address family. |
Step 4 |
A.B.C.D/length next-hop
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-afi)# 10.10.10.10/32 10.9.9.9 |
Enters the address of the destination router (including IPv4 subnet mask). |
Step 5 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-afi)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-afi)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
Configuring Carrier Supporting Carrier
Perform the tasks in this section to configure Carrier Supporting Carrier (CSC):
Identifying the Carrier Supporting Carrier Topology
Before you configure the MPLS VPN CSC with BGP, you must identify both the backbone and customer carrier topology.
Note You can connect multiple CSC-CE routers to the same PE, or you can connect a single CSC-CE router to multiple CSC-PEs using more than one CSC-CE interface to provide redundancy and multiple path support in a CSC topology.
Perform this task to identify the carrier supporting carrier topology.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. Identify the type of customer carrier, ISP, or MPLS VPN service provider.
2. Identify the CE routers.
3. Identify the customer carrier core router configuration.
4. Identify the customer carrier edge (CSC-CE) routers.
5. Identify the backbone carrier router configuration.
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
Identify the type of customer carrier, ISP, or MPLS VPN service provider. |
Sets up requirements for configuration of carrier supporting carrier network. |
Step 2 |
Identify the CE routers. |
Sets up requirements for configuration of CE to PE connections. |
Step 3 |
Identify the customer carrier core router configuration. |
Sets up requirements for configuration between core (P) routers and between P routers and edge routers (PE and CSC-CE routers). |
Step 4 |
Identify the customer carrier edge (CSC-CE) routers. |
Sets up requirements for configuration of CSC-CE to CSC-PE connections. |
Step 5 |
Identify the backbone carrier router configuration. |
Sets up requirements for configuration between CSC core routers and between CSC core routers and edge routers (CSC-CE and CSC-PE routers). |
Configuring the Backbone Carrier Core
Configuring the backbone carrier core requires setting up connectivity and routing functions for the CSC core and the CSC-PE routers. To do so, you must complete the following high-level tasks:
- Verify IP connectivity in the CSC core.
- Verify LDP configuration in the CSC core.
Note This task is not applicable to CSC over IP tunnels.
- Configure VRFs for CSC-PE routers.
- Configure multiprotocol BGP for VPN connectivity in the backbone carrier.
Configuring the CSC-PE and CSC-CE Routers
Perform the following tasks to configure links between a CSC-PE router and the carrier CSC-CE router for an MPLS VPN CSC network that uses BGP to distribute routes and MPLS labels:
Figure 37 shows the configuration for the peering with directly connected interfaces between CSC-PE and CSC-CE routers. This configuration is used as the example in the tasks that follow.
Figure 37 Configuration for Peering with Directly Connected Interfaces Between CSC-PE and CSC-CE Routers
Configuring a CSC-PE
Perform this task to configure a CSC-PE.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router bgp as-number
3. address-family vpnv4 unicast
4. neighbor A.B.C.D
5. remote-as as-number
6. update-source type interface-path-id
7. address-family vpnv4 unicast
8. vrf vrf-name
9. rd { as-number:nn | ip-address:nn | auto }
10. address-family ipv4 unicast
11. allocate-label all
12. neighbor A.B.C.D
13. remote-as as-number
14. address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast
15. route-policy route-policy-name in
16. route-policy route-policy-name out
17. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
router bgp as-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router bgp 2
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)#
|
Configures a BGP routing process and enters router configuration mode.
- Range for 2-byte numbers is 1 to 65535. Range for 4-byte numbers is 1.0 to 65535.65535.
|
Step 3 |
address-family vpnv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# address-family vpnv4 unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-af)# |
Configures VPNv4 address family. |
Step 4 |
neighbor A.B.C.D
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-af)# neighbor 10.10.10.0 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# |
Configures the IP address for the BGP neighbor. |
Step 5 |
remote-as as-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# remote-as 888 |
Configures the AS number for the BGP neighbor. |
Step 6 |
update-source type interface-path-id
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# update-source loopback0 |
Allows BGP sessions to use the primary IP address from a particular interface as the local address. |
Step 7 |
address-family vpnv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# address-family vpnv4 unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# |
Configures VPNv4 unicast address family. |
Step 8 |
vrf vrf-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# vrf 9999 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf)# |
Configures a VRF instance. |
Step 9 |
rd { as-number:nn | ip-address:nn | auto }
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(onfig-bgp-vrf)# rd auto |
Configures a route distinguisher. Note Use the auto keyword to automatically assign a unique route distinguisher. |
Step 10 |
address-family ipv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf)# address-family ipv4 unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-af)# |
Configures IPv4 unicast address family. |
Step 11 |
allocate-label all
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-af)# allocate-label all |
Allocate labels for all local prefixes and prefixes received with labels. |
Step 12 |
neighbor A.B.C.D
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-af)# neighbor 10.10.10.0 RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr)# |
Configures the IP address for the BGP neighbor. |
Step 13 |
remote-as as-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr)# remote-as 888 |
Enables the exchange of information with a neighboring BGP router. |
Step 14 |
address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr)# address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr-af)# |
Configures IPv4 labeled-unicast address family. |
Step 15 |
route-policy route-policy-name in
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr-af)# route-policy pass-all in |
Applies the pass-all policy to all inbound routes. |
Step 16 |
route-policy route-policy-name out
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr-af)# route-policy pass-all out |
Applies the pass-all policy to all outbound routes. |
Step 17 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(cconfig-bgp-vrf-nbr-af)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-vrf-nbr-af)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
Configuring a CSC-CE
Perform this task to configure a CSC-CE.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router bgp as-number
3. address-family ipv4 unicast
4. redistribute ospf instance-number
5. allocate-label route-policy route-policy-name
6. exit
7. neighbor A.B.C.D
8. remote-as as-number
9. address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast
10. route-policy route-policy-name in
11. route-policy route-policy-name out
12. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router bgp 1
|
Configures a BGP routing process and enters router configuration mode.
- Range for 2-byte numbers is 1 to 65535. Range for 4-byte numbers is 1.0 to 65535.65535.
|
Step 3 |
address-family ipv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# address-family ipv4 unicast |
Configures IPv4 unicast address-family. |
Step 4 |
redistribute ospf instance-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-router-af)# redistribute ospf 1 |
Redistributes OSPF routes into BGP. |
Step 5 |
allocate-label route-policy
route-policy-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-router-af)#
allocate-label route-policy internal-routes
|
Allocates labels for those routes that match the route policy. These labeled routes are advertised to neighbors configured with address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast. |
Step 6 |
exit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-af)# exit |
Exits the current configuration mode. |
Step 7 |
neighbor A.B.C.D
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# neighbor 10.0.0.1 |
Configures the IP address for the BGP neighbor. |
Step 8 |
remote-as as-number
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# remote-as 1 |
Enables the exchange of information with a neighboring BGP router. |
Step 9 |
address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr)# address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# |
Configures IPv4 labeled-unicast address family. |
Step 10 |
route-policy route-policy-name in
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# route-policy pass-all in |
Applies the route-policy to all inbound routes. |
Step 11 |
route-policy route-policy-name out
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp-nbr-af)# route-policy pass-all out |
Applies the route-policy to all outbound routes. |
Step 12 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-bgp)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
Configuring a Static Route to a Peer
Perform this task to configure a static route to an Inter-AS or CSC-CE peer.
When you configure an Inter-AS or CSC peer, BGP allocates a label for a /32 route to that peer and performs a NULL label rewrite. When forwarding a labeled packet to the peer, the router removes the top label from the label stack; however, in such an instance, BGP expects a /32 route to the peer. This task ensures that there is, in fact, a /32 route to the peer.
Please be aware of the following facts before performing this task:
- A /32 route is not required to establish BGP peering. A route using a shorter prefix length will also work.
- A shorter prefix length route is not associated with the allocated label; even though the BGP session comes up between the peers, without the static route, forwarding will not work.
Note To configure a static route on a CSC-PE, you must configure the router under the VRF (as noted in the detailed steps).
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. router static
3. address-family ipv4 unicast
4. A.B.C.D/length next-hop
5. end
or
commit
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
configure
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# configure |
Enters global configuration mode. |
Step 2 |
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# router static
|
Enters router static configuration mode. |
Step 3 |
address-family ipv4 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static)# address-family ipv4 unicast |
Enables an IPv4 address family. Note To configure a static route on a CSC-PE, you must first configure the VRF using the vrf command before address-family. |
Step 4 |
A.B.C.D/length next-hop
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-afi)# 10.10.10.10/32 10.9.9.9 |
Enters the address of the destination router (including IPv4 subnet mask). |
Step 5 |
end or commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-af)# end or RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config-static-af)# commit |
Saves configuration changes.
- When you issue the end command, the system prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the running configuration file, exits the configuration session, and returns the router to EXEC mode. – Entering no exits the configuration session and returns the router to EXEC mode without committing the configuration changes. – Entering cancel leaves the router in the current configuration session without exiting or committing the configuration changes.
- Use the commit command to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the configuration session.
|
Verifying the MPLS Layer 3 VPN Configuration
Perform this task to verify the MPLS Layer 3 VPN configuration.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. show running-config router bgp as-number vrf vrf-name
2. show running-config routes
3. show ospf vrf vrf-name database
4. show running-config router bgp as-number vrf vrf-name neighbor ip-address
5. show bgp vrf vrf-name summary
6. show bgp vrf vrf-name neighbors ip-address
7. show bgp vrf vrf-name
8. show route vrf vrf-name ip-address
9. show bgp vpn unicast summary
10. show running-config router isis
11. show running-config mpls
12. show isis adjacency
13. show mpls ldp forwarding
14. show bgp vpnv4 unicast
or
show bgp vpnv6 unicast
15. show bgp vrf vrf-name
16. show bgp vrf vrf-name imported-routes
17. show route vrf vrf-name ip-address
18. show cef vrf vrf-name ip-address
19. show cef vrf vrf-name ip-address location node-id
20. show bgp vrf vrf-name ip-address
21. show ospf vrf vrf-name database
DETAILED STEPS
|
|
|
Step 1 |
show running-config router bgp as-number vrf vrf-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show running-config router bgp 3 vrf vrf_A |
Displays the specified VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) content of the currently running configuration. |
Step 2 |
show running-config routes
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show running-config routes |
Displays the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routes table in the currently running configuration. |
Step 3 |
show ospf vrf vrf-name database
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show ospf vrf vrf_A database |
Displays lists of information related to the OSPF database for a specified VRF. |
Step 4 |
show running-config router bgp as-number vrf vrf-name neighbor ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show running-config router bgp 3 vrf vrf_A neighbor 172.168.40.24 |
Displays the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) VRF neighbor content of the currently running configuration. |
Step 5 |
show bgp vrf vrf-name summary
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show bgp vrf vrf_A summary |
Displays the status of the specified BGP VRF connections. |
Step 6 |
show bgp vrf vrf-name neighbors ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show bgp vrf vrf_A neighbors 172.168.40.24 |
Displays information about BGP VRF connections to the specified neighbors. |
Step 7 |
show bgp vrf vrf-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show bgp vrf vrf_A |
Displays information about a specified BGP VRF. |
Step 8 |
show route vrf vrf-name ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show route vrf vrf_A 10.0.0.0 |
Displays the current routes in the Routing Information Base (RIB) for a specified VRF. |
Step 9 |
show bgp vpn unicast summary
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show bgp vpn unicast summary |
Displays the status of all BGP VPN unicast connections. |
Step 10 |
show running-config router isis
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show running-config router isis |
Displays the Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) content of the currently running configuration. |
Step 11 |
show running-config mpls
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show running-config mpls |
Displays the MPLS content of the currently running-configuration. |
Step 12 |
show isis adjacency
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show isis adjacency |
Displays IS-IS adjacency information. |
Step 13 |
show mpls ldp forwarding
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show mpls ldp forwarding |
Displays the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) forwarding state installed in MPLS forwarding. |
Step 14 |
show bgp vpnv4 unicast or show bgp vpnv6 unicast
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show bgp vpnv4 unicast |
Displays entries in the BGP routing table for VPNv4 or VPNv6 unicast addresses. |
Step 15 |
show bgp vrf vrf-name
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show bgp vrf vrf_A |
Displays entries in the BGP routing table for VRF vrf_A. |
Step 16 |
show bgp vrf vrf-name imported-routes
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show bgp vrf vrf_A imported-routes |
Displays BGP information for routes imported into specified VRF instances. |
Step 17 |
show route vrf vrf-name ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show route vrf vrf_A 10.0.0.0 |
Displays the current specified VRF routes in the RIB. |
Step 18 |
show cef vrf vrf-name ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show cef vrf vrf_A 10.0.0.1 |
Displays the IPv4 Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) table for a specified VRF. |
Step 19 |
show cef vrf vrf-name ip-address location node-id
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show cef vrf vrf_A 10.0.0.1 location 0/1/cpu0 |
Displays the IPv4 CEF table for a specified VRF and location. |
Step 20 |
show bgp vrf vrf-name ip-address
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show bgp vrf vrf_A 10.0.0.0 |
Displays entries in the BGP routing table for VRF vrf_A. |
Step 21 |
show ospf vrf vrf-name database
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# show ospf vrf vrf_A database |
Displays lists of information related to the OSPF database for a specified VRF. |