Contents

I-NLSP through JARGON

I-NLSP

Name/CLI Keyword	i-nlsp
Full Name	Integrated Net Layer Security Protocol
Description	Integrated Net Layer Security Protocol (i-nlsp) was a proposition that might have been used by End Systems (ESs) and Intermediate Systems (ISs) in order to provide security services in support of TUBA (TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses).
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tuba-inlsp-00#section-1
Global ID	L3:52
ID	806
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	52
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IAFDBASE

Name/CLI Keyword	iafdbase
Full Name	iafdbase
Description	Registered with IANA on port 480 TCP/UDP
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
Global ID	L4:480
ID	394
Known Mappings
UDP Port	480
TCP Port	480
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IAFSERVER

Name/CLI Keyword	iafserver
Full Name	IAFServer
Description	IAFServer is part of the Integrated Authentication Framework (IAF), a token-based infrastructure that enables Software AG's enterprise single sign-on. In addition, it allows usage of a configurable authentication system (user database) with Software AG products across platforms.
Reference	http://documentation.softwareag.com/webmethods/wmsuites/wmsuite8-2_ga/EntireX/8-2-SP1_EntireX/security/iaf.htm
Global ID	L4:479
ID	393
Known Mappings
UDP Port	479
TCP Port	479
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IASD

Name/CLI Keyword	iasd
Full Name	IASD
Description	Registered with IANA on port 432 TCP/UDP
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
Global ID	L4:432
ID	347
Known Mappings
UDP Port	432
TCP Port	432
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	voice-and-video
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IATP

Name/CLI Keyword	iatp
Full Name	Interactive Agent Transfer Protocol
Description	Registered with IANA as IP Protocol 117
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/protocol-numbers.xml
Global ID	L3:117
ID	871
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	117
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IAX

Name/CLI Keyword	iax
Full Name	Inter-Asterisk eXchange
Description	Inter-Asterisk eXchange protocol (IAX) is native to Asterisk PBX and is supported by a number of other softswitches and PBXs. It is used for enabling VoIP connections between servers beside client-server communication.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5456
Global ID	L4:4569
ID	1329
Known Mappings
UDP Port	4569
TCP Port	4569
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	voice-and-video
Sub Category	voice-video-chat-collaboration
P2P Technology	Yes
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IBM-APP

Name/CLI Keyword	ibm-app
Full Name	IBM Application
Description	Registered with IANA on port 385 TCP/UDP
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
Global ID	L4:385
ID	301
Known Mappings
UDP Port	385
TCP Port	385
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IBM-DB2

Name/CLI Keyword	ibm-db2
Full Name	IBM-DB2
Description	IBM DB2 is a database software solution that works on different operating systems (Linux, Unix, Windows) which provide performance for mixed workloads on distributed systems, and offers efficiencies for staffing and storage.
Reference	http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/db2/
Global ID	L4:523
ID	95
Known Mappings
UDP Port	523
TCP Port	523
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	business-and-productivity-tools
Sub Category	database
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IBM-DIRECTOR

Name/CLI Keyword	ibm-director
Full Name	IBM Director
Description	IBM Director is an element management system that manages the operation of a set of connected network resources and monitors their performance. IBM Director works on multiple server platforms including Windows and Linux. The software typically uses the TCP/UDP ports 15988, 15989, 34572, 4491, 6090, 13991, 14247-14249.
Reference	www.ibm.com/systems/management/director
Global ID	L4:4490
ID	1398
Known Mappings
UDP Port	14247,14248,14249,15988,15989,34572,4490,4491,6090,13991
TCP Port	4490,4491,6090,14247,14248,14249,15988,15989,34572
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IBPROTOCOL

Name/CLI Keyword	ibprotocol
Full Name	Internet Backplane Protocol
Description	Internet Backplane Protocol (IBP) is middleware for managing and using remote storage. It was invented to support Logistical Networking in large scale distributed systems and applications. IBP provides a mechanism for using distributed storage for logistical purposes.
Reference	http://loci.cs.utk.edu/ibp/
Global ID	L4:6714
ID	737
Known Mappings
UDP Port	6714
TCP Port	6714
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ICLCNET-LOCATE

Name/CLI Keyword	iclcnet-locate
Full Name	ICL coNETion locate server
Description	Registered with IANA on port 886 TCP/UDP
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
Global ID	L4:886
ID	660
Known Mappings
UDP Port	886
TCP Port	886
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ICLCNET_SVINFO

Name/CLI Keyword	iclcnet_svinfo
Full Name	ICL coNETion server info
Description	Registered with IANA on port 887 TCP/UDP
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
Global ID	L4:887
ID	661
Known Mappings
UDP Port	887
TCP Port	887
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ICMP

Name/CLI Keyword	icmp
Full Name	Internet Control Message Protocol
Description	Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) messages are typically generated in response to errors in IP datagrams or for diagnostic or routing purposes. ICMP errors are always reported to the original source IP address of the originating datagram. ICMP is IP protocol number 1. Traffic is classified only if its identified as ICMP but was not recognized as any other more granular classification such as Ping.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc792
Global ID	L3:1
ID	6
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	1
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	net-admin
Sub Category	network-management
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ICQ-FILETRANSFER

Name/CLI Keyword	icq-filetransfer
Full Name	ICQ File Transfer
Description	ICQ File Transfer is a file transfer feature in client ICQ (I Seek You). It is based on the Open System for CommunicAtion in Realtime (OSCAR) File Transfer protocol.
Reference	http://www.icq.com/support/icq_7/file_transfer/en
Global ID	L7:311
ID	1204
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	No
IPv6 Support	No
Application Group	icq-group
Category	file-sharing
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ICQ

Name/CLI Keyword	icq
Full Name	ICQ
Description	ICQ (I Seek You) software is used for IM, text messaging, email, phone, and paging. The software runs on multiple platforms including PC, MAC, UNIX, pocket PC and Palm OS. ICQ is using AOL's OSCAR (Open System for CommunicAtion in Realtime). It was the first IM program and was developed by Mirabilis, then bought by AOL and currently owned by Digital Sky Technologies.
Reference	http://www.icq.com/en
Global ID	L7:269
ID	902
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	icq-group
Category	instant-messaging
Sub Category	voice-video-chat-collaboration
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	http

IDFP

Name/CLI Keyword	idfp
Full Name	idfp
Description	Registered with IANA on port 549 TCP/UDP
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
Global ID	L4:549
ID	466
Known Mappings
UDP Port	549
TCP Port	549
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IDPR-CMTP

Name/CLI Keyword	idpr-cmtp
Full Name	IDPR Control Message Transport Protocol
Description	IDPR Control Message Transport Protocol constructs and maintains routes between source and destination administrative domains. These domains provide user traffic with the services requested within the constraints stipulated for the domains transited.
Reference	https://trac.tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1477.txt
Global ID	L3:38
ID	792
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	38
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IDPR

Name/CLI Keyword	idpr
Full Name	Inter-Domain Policy Routing Protocol
Description	Inter-Domain Policy Routing Protocol (IDPR) constructs and maintains routes between source and destination administrative domains, that provide user traffic with the services requested within the constraints stipulated for the domains transited. IDPR supports link state routing information distribution and route generation in conjunction with source specified message forwarding.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1479
Global ID	L3:35
ID	789
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	35
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	routing-protocol
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IDRP

Name/CLI Keyword	idrp
Full Name	Inter-Domain Routing Protocol
Description	Inter-Domain Routing Protocol (IDRP) permits a routing domain to exchange information with other routing domains to facilitate the operation of the routing and relaying functions of the Network Layer.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-idr-idrp2-00
Global ID	L3:45
ID	799
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	45
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	routing-protocol
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IEEE-MMS-SSL

Name/CLI Keyword	ieee-mms-ssl
Full Name	IEEE-MMS-SSL
Description	The IEEE Media Management System (MMS) is a distributed, multi-platform system for managing removable media. The IEEE MMS standards de?ne a software component model for working with removable media as well as a number of protocols that de?ne interfaces between the components. These standards enable vendors to construct applications that use removable media as well as components of an MMS that interoperate with other MMS components.
Reference	http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1619/email/pdf00001.pdf
Global ID	L4:695
ID	603
Known Mappings
UDP Port	695
TCP Port	695
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	industrial-protocols
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	Yes
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IEEE-MMS

Name/CLI Keyword	ieee-mms
Full Name	IEEE MMS
Description	The IEEE Media Management System (MMS) is a distributed, multi-platform system for managing removable media. The IEEE MMS standards de?ne a software component model for working with removable media as well as a number of protocols that de?ne interfaces between the components. These standards enable vendors to construct applications that use removable media as well as components of an MMS that interoperate with other MMS components.
Reference	http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1619/email/pdf00001.pdf
Global ID	L4:651
ID	560
Known Mappings
UDP Port	651
TCP Port	651
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	industrial-protocols
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IFMP

Name/CLI Keyword	ifmp
Full Name	Ipsilon Flow Management Protocol
Description	The Ipsilon Flow Management Protocol (IFMP), is a protocol for allowing a node to instruct an adjacent node to attach a layer 2 label to a specified IP flow. The label allows more efficient access to cached routing information for that flow. The label can also enable a node to switch further packets belonging to the specified flow at layer 2 rather than forwarding them at layer 3.
Reference	http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1953.txt
Global ID	L3:101
ID	855
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	101
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IGRP

Name/CLI Keyword	igrp
Full Name	Cisco Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
Description	Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is a distance vector interior routing protocol (IGP) invented by Cisco. It is used by routers to exchange routing data within an autonomous system. IGRP is a proprietary protocol. IGRP supports multiple metrics for each route, including bandwidth, delay, load, MTU, and reliability. IGRP is considered a classful routing protocol.
Reference	http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_white_paper09186a00800c8ae1.shtml
Global ID	L3:9
ID	764
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	9
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	routing-protocol
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IIOP

Name/CLI Keyword	iiop
Full Name	General Inter-ORB Protocol
Description	General Inter-ORB Protocol (GIOP) is the abstract protocol by which object request brokers (ORBs) communicate. Standards associated with the protocol are maintained by the Object Management Group (OMG).
Reference	http://www2.informatik.hu-berlin.de/~obecker/Lehre/SS2001/CORBA/specs/01-02-51.pdf
Global ID	L4:535
ID	453
Known Mappings
UDP Port	535
TCP Port	535
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	corba-group
Category	business-and-productivity-tools
Sub Category	inter-process-rpc
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IL

Name/CLI Keyword	il
Full Name	Internal Link Transport Protocol
Description	The Internet Link Protocol or IL is a connection-based transport layer protocol designed at Bell Labs originally as part of the Plan 9 operating system and is used to carry 9P. It is similar to TCP but much simpler.
Reference	http://doc.cat-v.org/plan_9/4th_edition/papers/il/
Global ID	L3:40
ID	794
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	40
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IMAP

Name/CLI Keyword	imap
Full Name	Internet Message Access Protocol version 4
Description	Internet Message Access protocol (IMAP) allows users to acess their email servers and to receive and send emails. The protocol simulates a local use when in fact it is a connection to a server. An IMAP server usually listens on port 143.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3501
Global ID	L4:143
ID	17
Known Mappings
UDP Port	143,220
TCP Port	143,220
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	imap-group
Category	email
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IMSP

Name/CLI Keyword	imsp
Full Name	Interactive Mail Support Protocol
Description	The Internet Message Support Protocol (IMSP) is designed to support the provision of mail in a medium to large scale operation. It is intended to be used as a companion to the IMAP4 protocol, providing services which are either outside the scope of mail access or which pertain to environments which must run more than one IMAP4 server in the same mail domain. The services that IMSP provides are extended mailbox management, configuration options, and address books.
Reference	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMSP
Global ID	L4:406
ID	321
Known Mappings
UDP Port	406
TCP Port	406
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	imap-group
Category	email
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

INBUSINESS

Name/CLI Keyword	inbusiness
Full Name	Intel InBusiness
Description	The Intel InBusiness eMail Station is a highly integrated email server which provides small businesses with the ability to locally manage and configure their own email accounts.
Reference	http://www.intel.com/support/inbusiness/emailstation/sb/cs-014773.htm
Global ID	L4:244
ID	1124
Known Mappings
UDP Port	244
TCP Port	244
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

INFOSEEK

Name/CLI Keyword	infoseek
Full Name	infoseek
Description	InfoSeek
Reference
Global ID	L4:414
ID	329
Known Mappings
UDP Port	414
TCP Port	414
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	obsolete
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

INGRES-NET

Name/CLI Keyword	ingres-net
Full Name	Ingres/Net
Description	Ingres/Net allows services and applications to access Ingres databases over the network.
Reference	http://www.actian.com/products/ingres
Global ID	L4:134
ID	1163
Known Mappings
UDP Port	134
TCP Port	134
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	business-and-productivity-tools
Sub Category	database
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

INTECOURIER

Name/CLI Keyword	intecourier
Full Name	Intecourier
Description	Registered with IANA on port 495 TCP/UDP
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
Global ID	L4:495
ID	409
Known Mappings
UDP Port	495
TCP Port	495
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

INTEGRA-SME

Name/CLI Keyword	integra-sme
Full Name	Integra Software Management Environment
Description	Integra Software Management Environment is part of Symantec Management Platform, which provides a set of services that IT-related solutions can leverage. Solutions plug into the platform and take advantage of the platform services, such as security, reporting, communications, package deployment, and Configuration Management Database (CMDB) data.
Reference	http://eval.symantec.com/mktginfo/enterprise/other_resources/b-symantec_management_platform_installation_guide_01-2009.en-us.pdf
Global ID	L4:484
ID	398
Known Mappings
UDP Port	484
TCP Port	484
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

INTRINSA

Name/CLI Keyword	intrinsa
Full Name	intrinsa
Description	Registered with IANA on port 503 TCP/UDP
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
Global ID	L4:503
ID	417
Known Mappings
UDP Port	503
TCP Port	503
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IP-MESSENGER

Name/CLI Keyword	ip-messenger
Full Name	IP Messenger
Description	IP Messenger is a LAN Messenger for multi platforms (Windows, Mac OS, iPhone, Android). It is based on TCP/IP (UDP). It does not require server machine, its simple, lightweight and has compact size. This messenger provides instant messaging and file-transfer services.
Reference	http://ipmsg.org/index.html.en
Global ID	L7:475
ID	1326
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	instant-messaging
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPCD

Name/CLI Keyword	ipcd
Full Name	ipcd
Description	Registered with IANA on port 576 TCP/UDP
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
Global ID	L4:576
ID	490
Known Mappings
UDP Port	576
TCP Port	576
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPCOMP

Name/CLI Keyword	ipcomp
Full Name	IP Payload Compression Protocol
Description	IP payload compression is a protocol to reduce the size of IP datagrams. IPComp protocol will increase the overall communication performance by compressing the datagrams, provided the nodes have sufficient computation power and the communication is over slow or congested links.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3173
Global ID	L3:108
ID	862
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	108
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPCSERVER

Name/CLI Keyword	ipcserver
Full Name	Sun IPC server
Description	ipcserver is a client-server communication program that listens for connections from local-domain clients.
Reference	http://www.superscript.com/ucspi-ipc/ipcserver.html
Global ID	L4:600
ID	514
Known Mappings
UDP Port	600
TCP Port	600
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	business-and-productivity-tools
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPCV

Name/CLI Keyword	ipcv
Full Name	Internet Packet Core Utility
Description	Registered with IANA as IP Protocol 71
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/protocol-numbers.xml
Global ID	L3:71
ID	825
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	71
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPDD

Name/CLI Keyword	ipdd
Full Name	ipdd
Description	Registered with IANA on port 578 TCP/UDP
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
Global ID	L4:578
ID	492
Known Mappings
UDP Port	578
TCP Port	578
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPINIP

Name/CLI Keyword	ipinip
Full Name	IP in IP
Description	IP in IP tunneling is a protocol used to encapsulate IP headers to a different IP header to share information between endpoints in different internet-networks (for example forwarding traffic from one intranet to another).
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1853
Global ID	L3:4
ID	8
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	4
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	Yes
Underlying Protocols	-

IPIP

Name/CLI Keyword	ipip
Full Name	IP-within-IP Encapsulation Protocol
Description	IP-within-IP Encapsulation is a method by which an IP datagram may be encapsulated (carried as payload) within an IP datagram. Encapsulation is suggested as a means to alter the normal IP routing for datagrams, by delivering them to an intermediate destination that would otherwise not be selected by the (network part of the) IP Destination Address field in the original IP header.
Reference	https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2003
Global ID	L3:94
ID	848
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	94
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	tunneling-protocols
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	Yes
Underlying Protocols	-

IPLT

Name/CLI Keyword	iplt
Full Name	IPLT
Description	Registered with IANA as IP Protocol 129
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/protocol-numbers.xml
Global ID	L3:129
ID	1227
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	129
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IP-MESSENGER

Name/CLI Keyword	ip-messenger
Full Name	IP Messenger
Description	IP Messenger is a LAN Messenger for multi platforms (Windows, Mac OS, iPhone, Android). It is based on TCP/IP (UDP). It does not require server machine, its simple, lightweight and has compact size. This messenger provides instant messaging and file-transfer services.
Reference	http://ipmsg.org/index.html.en
Global ID	L7:475
ID	1326
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	instant-messaging
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPP

Name/CLI Keyword	ipp
Full Name	Internet Printing Protocol
Description	Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) provides a standard network protocol for remote printing as well as for managing print jobs, media size, resolution, and so forth. IPP can run locally or over the Internet to remote printers, and supports access control, authentication, and encryption, making it a much more capable and secure printing solution than older ones.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2910
Global ID	L4:631
ID	540
Known Mappings
UDP Port	631
TCP Port	631
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	business-and-productivity-tools
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPPC

Name/CLI Keyword	ippc
Full Name	Internet Pluribus Packet Core
Description	Registered with IANA as IP Protocol 67
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/protocol-numbers.xml
Global ID	L3:67
ID	821
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	67
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPSEC

Name/CLI Keyword	ipsec
Full Name	Internet Protocol Security
Description	Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is a framework used to help ensure a private and secure IP communication using cryptographic services.
Reference	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2401.txt
Global ID	L7:9
ID	9
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	No
Application Group	ipsec-group
Category	internet-privacy
Sub Category	tunneling-protocols
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	Yes
Tunnel	Yes
Underlying Protocols	-

IPV6-FRAG

Name/CLI Keyword	ipv6-frag
Full Name	ipv6-frag
Description	DEPRECATED traffic will not match
Reference
Global ID	L3:44
ID	798
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	No
IPv6 Support	No
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPV6-ICMP

Name/CLI Keyword	ipv6-icmp
Full Name	ICMP for IPv6
Description	Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6) is the implementation of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). ICMPv6 is an integral part of IPv6 and performs error reporting, diagnostic functions (e.g., ping), and a framework for extensions to implement future changes.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4443
Global ID	L3:58
ID	812
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	58
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPV6-NONXT

Name/CLI Keyword	ipv6-nonxt
Full Name	ipv6-nonxt
Description	DEPRECATED traffic will not match
Reference
Global ID	L3:59
ID	813
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	No
IPv6 Support	No
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPV6-OPTS

Name/CLI Keyword	ipv6-opts
Full Name	ipv6-opts
Description	DEPRECATED traffic will not match
Reference
Global ID	L3:60
ID	814
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	No
IPv6 Support	No
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPV6-ROUTE

Name/CLI Keyword	ipv6-route
Full Name	ipv6-route
Description	DEPRECATED traffic will not match
Reference
Global ID	L3:43
ID	797
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	No
IPv6 Support	No
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IPV6INIP

Name/CLI Keyword	ipv6inip
Full Name	IPv6 encapsulation
Description	A method and generic mechanism by which a packet is encapsulated and carried as payload within an IPv6 packet. The resulting packet is called an IPv6 tunnel packet. The forwarding path between the source and destination of the tunnel packet is called an IPv6 tunnel. The technique is called IPv6 tunneling.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2473
Global ID	L3:41
ID	795
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	41
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	tunneling-protocols
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	Yes
Underlying Protocols	-

IPX-IN-IP

Name/CLI Keyword	ipx-in-ip
Full Name	IPX in IP
Description	Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) is the OSI-model Network layer protocol in the IPX/SPX protocol stack. The IPX/SPXM protocol stack is supported by Novell's NetWare network operating system. IPX could be transported over IP, mainly for backward compatibility.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1234
Global ID	L3:111
ID	865
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	111
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	tunneling-protocols
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	Yes
Underlying Protocols	-

IRC-SERV

Name/CLI Keyword	irc-serv
Full Name	IRC-SERV
Description	An IRCd, short for Internet Relay Chat daemon, is a server software that implements the IRC "Internet Relay Chat" protocol, enabling people to talk to each other via the Internet (exchanging textual messages in real time). The server listens to connections from IRC clients on a set of TCP ports. When the server is part of an IRC network, it also keeps one or more established connections to other servers/daemons.
Reference	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1459
Global ID	L4:529
ID	447
Known Mappings
UDP Port	529
TCP Port	529
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	irc-group
Category	instant-messaging
Sub Category	voice-video-chat-collaboration
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IRC

Name/CLI Keyword	irc
Full Name	Internet Relay Chat
Description	Internet Relay Chat (IRC) protocol is used for chat messaging in real time. It can be used for conferencing or one-on-one chatting. The protocol works on client-server architecture with a distributed manner. An IRC server usually listens on TCP port 194.
Reference	http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/rfc/rfc.html
Global ID	L4:194
ID	19
Known Mappings
UDP Port	194
TCP Port	194
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	irc-group
Category	instant-messaging
Sub Category	voice-video-chat-collaboration
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	http

IRTP

Name/CLI Keyword	irtp
Full Name	Internet Reliable Transaction
Description	The Internet Reliable Transaction Protocol (IRTP) is a transport level host-to-host protocol designed for an internet environment. It provides reliable, sequenced delivery of packets of data between hosts and multiplexer/demultiplexer streams of packets from/to user processes representing ports. It is simple to implement, with a minimum of connection management, at the possible expense of efficiency.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc938
Global ID	L3:28
ID	782
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	28
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IS99C

Name/CLI Keyword	is99c
Full Name	TIA/EIA/IS-99 modem client
Description	TIA/EIA/IS-99 modem client is a data services option standard for wideband spread spectrum digital cellular systems.
Reference	http://www.tiaonline.org/standards/technology/cdma2000/documents/TIA-EIA-IS-707-A.pdf
Global ID	L4:379
ID	295
Known Mappings
UDP Port	379
TCP Port	379
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

IS99S

Name/CLI Keyword	is99s
Full Name	TIA/EIA/IS-99 modem server
Description	TIA/EIA/IS-99 modem server (IS99C) is a data services option standard for wideband spread spectrum digital cellular systems.
Reference	http://www.tiaonline.org/standards/technology/cdma2000/documents/TIA-EIA-IS-707-A.pdf
Global ID	L4:380
ID	296
Known Mappings
UDP Port	380
TCP Port	380
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ISAKMP

Name/CLI Keyword	isakmp
Full Name	Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol
Description	Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) is used for establishing Security Associations and cryptographic keys in an Internet environment. Besides standard ports, the protocol also works behind NAT. The protocol usually uses UDP port 500.
Reference	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2408.txt
Global ID	L4:500
ID	94
Known Mappings
UDP Port	500
TCP Port	500
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	ipsec-group
Category	internet-privacy
Sub Category	tunneling-protocols
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	Yes
Tunnel	Yes
Underlying Protocols	-

ISATAP-IPV6-TUNNELED

Name/CLI Keyword	isatap-ipv6-tunneled
Full Name	Isatap IPv6 Tunneled
Description	ISATAP is an automatic overlay tunneling mechanism that uses the underlying IPv4 network as an non-broadcast multiple access network (NBMA) link layer for IPv6. ISATAP is designed for transporting IPv6 packets within a site where a native IPv6 infrastructure is not yet available; for example, when sparse IPv6 hosts are deployed for testing. ISATAP tunnels allow individual IPv4 or IPv6 dual-stack hosts within a site to communicate with other such hosts on the same virtual link, basically creating an IPv6 network using the IPv4 infrastructure.
Reference	http://www.isatap.org/
Global ID	L7:329
ID	1222
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	No
Application Group	other
Category	net-admin
Sub Category	network-management
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	Yes
Underlying Protocols	-

ISCSI-TARGET

Name/CLI Keyword	iscsi-target
Full Name	Internet Small Computer System Interface
Description	Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) is an IP-based storage networking standard for linking data storage facilities.
Reference	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3720.txt
Global ID	L4:3260
ID	1350
Known Mappings
UDP Port
TCP Port	3260
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ISCSI

Name/CLI Keyword	iscsi
Full Name	Internet Small Computer System Interface
Description	Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) is an IP-based storage networking standard for linking data storage facilities.
Reference	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3720.txt
Global ID	L4:860
ID	1449
Known Mappings
UDP Port
TCP Port	860
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	industrial-protocols
Sub Category	storage
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ISI-GL

Name/CLI Keyword	isi-gl
Full Name	ISI Graphics Language
Description	Registered with IANA on port 55 TCP/UDP
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
Global ID	L4:55
ID	106
Known Mappings
UDP Port	55
TCP Port	55
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ISIS

Name/CLI Keyword	isis
Full Name	ISIS
Description	Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) routing protocol is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) commonly used in large Service Provider networks. IS-IS may also be deployed in extremely large Enterprise networks. IS-IS is a link-state routing protocol, intended to provide fast convergence and excellent scalability. IS-IS is known to be very efficient in its use of network bandwidth. IS-IS is IP protocol number 124.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1142
Global ID	L3:124
ID	878
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	124
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	routing-protocol
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ISO-ILL

Name/CLI Keyword	iso-ill
Full Name	ISO ILL Protocol
Description	Interlibrary Loan (ILL) protocol is used for communication between various document exchange systems. It allows ILL systems at different libraries that are residing on different hardware platforms and using different software packages such as VDX to communicate with each other to request and receive electronic documents.
Reference	http://www.lac-bac.gc.ca/iso/ill/main.htm
Global ID	L4:499
ID	413
Known Mappings
UDP Port	499
TCP Port	499
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	business-and-productivity-tools
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ISO-IP

Name/CLI Keyword	iso-ip
Full Name	iso-ip
Description	ISO-IP is an encapsulation of the OSI connectionless network layer protocol (CLNP) packets in IP datagrams. The intent is for implementations to use OSI network layer protocols directly over links locally, and to use the IP subnet as a link only when necessary to reach a site that is separated from the source by an IP gateway.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1070.txt
Global ID	L4:147
ID	953
Known Mappings
UDP Port	147
TCP Port	147
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	net-admin
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ISO-TP0

Name/CLI Keyword	iso-tp0
Full Name	ISO-TP0
Description	A protocol that is used to bridge ISO TP0 packets between X.25 and TCP networks. This technique is useful when interconnecting a DDN IP internet to an X.25 subnetwork.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1086
Global ID	L4:146
ID	947
Known Mappings
UDP Port	146
TCP Port	146
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	net-admin
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ISO-TP4

Name/CLI Keyword	iso-tp4
Full Name	ISO Transport Protocol Class 4
Description	Transport Protocol Class 4 (TP4), one of the five transport layer protocols existing in the OSI suite, offers error recovery, performs segmentation and reassembly, and supplies multiplexing and demultiplexing of data streams over a single virtual circuit.
Reference	http://www.javvin.com/protocol/TP4.html
Global ID	L3:29
ID	783
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	29
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	layer3-over-ip
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ISO-TSAP-C2

Name/CLI Keyword	iso-tsap-c2
Full Name	ISO Transport Class 2 Non-Control over TCP
Description	Implementation of ISO Transport Class 2 Non-use of Explicit Flow Control on top of TCP.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1859
Global ID	L4:399
ID	314
Known Mappings
UDP Port	399
TCP Port	399
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ISO-TSAP

Name/CLI Keyword	iso-tsap
Full Name	ISO Transport Service Access Point
Description	A Service Access Point (SAP) is an identifying label for network endpoints used in Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking. The Transport Services Access Point (TSAP) is a label for for the transport layer. This protocol is an implementation of TSAP over TCP.
Reference	http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1006
Global ID	L4:102
ID	973
Known Mappings
UDP Port	102
TCP Port	102
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	network-protocol
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ITM-MCELL-S

Name/CLI Keyword	itm-mcell-s
Full Name	itm-mcell-s
Description	Registered with IANA on port 828 TCP/UDP
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
Global ID	L4:828
ID	656
Known Mappings
UDP Port	828
TCP Port	828
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-

ITUNES

Name/CLI Keyword	itunes
Full Name	iTunes
Description	iTunes is an application that works on Mac and PC platforms. It gives users tools to organize and play digital music and video on their computers. It has the ability to automatically download new music, app, and book purchases across all of a user's devices and computers. iTunes can be connected to Apple's iTunes store in order to purchase music, videos and eBooks.
Reference	http://www.apple.com/itunes/
Global ID	L7:434
ID	461
Known Mappings
UDP Port	-
TCP Port	-
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	file-sharing
Sub Category	commercial-media-distribution
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	http

JARGON

Name/CLI Keyword	jargon
Full Name	Jargon
Description	Registered with IANA on port 148 TCP/UDP
Reference	http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
Global ID	L4:148
ID	959
Known Mappings
UDP Port	148
TCP Port	148
IP Protocol	-
IP Version
IPv4 Support	Yes
IPv6 Support	Yes
Application Group	other
Category	other
Sub Category	other
P2P Technology	No
Encrypted	No
Tunnel	No
Underlying Protocols	-