瞭解客戶端上的CWA流程
簡介
本檔案介紹連線到CWA WLAN時終端使用者端執行的流量。
必要條件
需求
思科建議您瞭解以下基本知識：
- 思科無線LAN控制器(WLC)9800系列
- 對中央Web驗證(CWA)及其在身分識別服務引擎(ISE)上的組態的一般瞭解
採用元件
本檔案中的資訊是根據以下軟體和硬體版本：
- 9800-CL WLC
- Cisco AP 3802
- 9800 WLC Cisco IOS® XE v17.3.6
- 身分識別服務引擎(ISE)v3.1
本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中，請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。
背景資訊
CWA是一種SSID驗證，可在WLC上設定，其中嘗試連線的終端使用者端會提示輸入其使用者名稱和密碼到向他們呈現的Web輸入網站。簡而言之，連線到WLAN時，終端使用者端的流程如下：
- 終端客戶端連線到其裝置上顯示的SSID
- 終端使用者端重新導向至Web輸入網站輸入憑證
- 終端客戶端由ISE使用輸入的憑證進行身份驗證
- ISE回覆WLC告知終端客戶端已經過身份驗證。 ISE可以推送客戶端在訪問網路時必須遵守的一些其他屬性（例如特定ACL）
- 終端客戶端重新關聯並重新進行身份驗證，最終獲得網路訪問許可權
注意：必須注意兩次身份驗證的終端客戶端對於終端客戶端是透明的
客戶端必須經過的基本過程大致分為兩部分：從客戶端到ISE伺服器的連線，經過身份驗證後，從客戶端到網路本身的另一個連線。控制器和ISE始終通過RADIUS協定相互通訊。下面是放射性(RA)追蹤和嵌入式資料包捕獲(EPC)的深入分析。
CWA流程 — 放射性(RA)追蹤軌跡
RA跟蹤是為特定客戶端捕獲的一組日誌。它顯示了客戶端在連線到WLAN時經歷的整個過程。如需詳細資訊和如何擷取RA追蹤，請造訪Catalyst 9800無線LAN控制器上的無線偵錯和日誌收集。
第一個連線：客戶端到ISE伺服器
如果客戶端之前未經ISE授權，則WLC不允許連線到網路。
與WLAN的關聯
WLC檢測到客戶端想要與WLAN "cwa"相關聯，WLAN "cwa"與策略配置檔案"cwa-policy-profile相關聯，並且正在連線到AP "BC-3802"
[client-orch-sm] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Association received. BSSID dc8c.37d0.83af, WLAN cwa, Slot 1 AP dc8c.37d0.83a0, BC-3802
[client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Received Dot11 association request. Processing started,SSID: cwa, Policy profile: cwa-policy-profile, AP Name: BC-3802, Ap Mac Address: dc8c.37d0.83a0 BSSID MAC0000.0000.0000 wlan ID: 1RSSI: -46, SNR: 40
[client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_INIT -> S_CO_ASSOCIATING
[dot11-validate] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 WiFi direct: Dot11 validate P2P IE. P2P IE not present.
MAC過濾
測試ISE伺服器連線
WLC收到來自使用者端的關聯請求後，第一步是執行MAC過濾（也稱為MAB）。MAC過濾是一種安全方法，在該方法中，將對資料庫檢查客戶端的MAC地址，以驗證是否允許它們加入網路。
[dot11] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 DOT11 state transition: S_DOT11_INIT -> S_DOT11_MAB_PENDING <-- The WLC is waiting for ISE to authenticate the user. It does not send an "Association Response" until the client is accepted by ISE.
[client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_ASSOCIATING -> S_CO_MACAUTH_IN_PROGRESS
[client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 MAB Authentication initiated. Policy VLAN 0, AAA override = 1, NAC = 1 <-- no VLAN is assigned as ISE can do that
[sanet-shim-translate] [17558]: (ERR): 4203.9522.e682 wlan_profile Not Found : Device information attributes not populated
[auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Session Start event called from SANET-SHIM with conn_hdl 14, vlan: 0
[auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Wireless session sequence, create context with method MAB
[auth-mgr-feat_wireless] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] - authc_list: cwa_authz <-- Authentication method list used
[auth-mgr-feat_wireless] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] - authz_list: Not present under wlan configuration
[client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_INIT -> S_AUTHIF_AWAIT_MAB_AUTH_START_RESP
[auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:unknown] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (952)
[auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (1263)
[auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (220)
[auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (952)
[auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Retrieved Client IIF ID 0x530002f1
[auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Allocated audit session id 0E1E140A0000000C8E2DA642
[auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Applying policy for WlanId: 1, bssid : dc8c.37d0.83af, slotid: 1 bssid hdl : 12364632849490379189
[auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Wlan vlan-id from bssid hdl 0
[auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] SM Reauth Plugin: Received valid timeout = 1800
[mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] MAB authentication started for 4203.9522.e682
[client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_AWAIT_MAB_AUTH_START_RESP -> S_AUTHIF_MAB_AUTH_PENDING
[ewlc-infra-evq] [17558]: (note): Authentication Success. Resolved Policy bitmap:11 for client 4203.9522.e682
[client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_MAB_AUTH_PENDING -> S_AUTHIF_MAB_AUTH_PENDING
[mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Received event 'MAB_CONTINUE' on handle 0x8A000002 <-- ISE server connectivity has been tested, the WLC is about to send the MAC address to ISE
[caaa-author] [17558]: (info): [CAAA:AUTHOR:92000002] DEBUG: mlist=cwa_authz for type=1
WLC將要求傳送到ISE
WLC向ISE傳送RADIUS Access-Request資料包，其中包含要向WLAN進行身份驗證的客戶端的MAC地址。
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Send Access-Request to
:1812
id 0/28, len 415 <-- The packet is traveling via RADIUS port 1812. The "28" is the session ID and it is unique for every connection attempt
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: authenticator e7 85 1b 08 31 58 ee 91 - 17 46 82 79 7d 3b c4 30
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: User-Name [1] 14 "42039522e682" <-- MAC address that is attempting to authenticate
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: User-Password [2] 18 *
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 25 "service-type=Call Check" <-- This indicates a MAC filtering process
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Framed-MTU [12] 6 1485
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Message-Authenticator[80] 18 ...
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: EAP-Key-Name [102] 2 *
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 43 "audit-session-id=0E1E140A0000000C8E2DA642"
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 12 "method=mab" <-- Controller sends an AVpair with MAB method
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 26 "client-iif-id=1392509681"
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 14 "vlan-id=1000"
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: NAS-IP-Address [4] 6
<-- WLC WMI IP address
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: NAS-Port-Id [87] 17 "capwap_90000005"
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: NAS-Port-Type [61] 6 802.11 wireless [19]
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 30 "cisco-wlan-ssid=cwa" <-- SSID and WLAN the client is attempting to connect
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 32 "wlan-profile-name=cwa"
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Called-Station-Id [30] 32 "dc-8c-37-d0-83-a0:cwa"
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Calling-Station-Id [31] 19 "42-03-95-22-e6-82"
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Airespace-WLAN-ID [1] 6 1
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Nas-Identifier [32] 9 "BC-9800"
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Started 5 sec timeout
註:AV對是ISE使用的「屬性值」。這是可傳送到WLC的預先定義資訊的金鑰值結構。這些值應用於該特定會話的特定客戶端。
AV配對示例：
- ACL名稱
- 重定向URL
- VLAN分配
- 會話超時時間
- 重新驗證計時器
ISE響應WLC請求
如果ISE接受WLC傳送的MAC地址，則ISE傳送Access-Accept RADIUS資料包。根據ISE配置，如果它是未知MAC地址，ISE必須接受該地址並繼續流程。如果您看到Access-Reject，則在ISE上存在需要驗證的配置不正確的情況。
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Received from id 1812/28
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: authenticator 14 0a 6c f7 01 b2 77 6a - 3d ba f0 ed 92 54 9b d6
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: User-Name [1] 19 "42-03-95-22-E6-82" <-- MAC address of the client that was authorized by ISE
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Class [25] 51 ...
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Message-Authenticator[80] 18 ...
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 31 "url-redirect-acl=cwa-acl" <-- ACL to be applied to the client
[radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 183 "url-redirect=https://
:8443/portal/[...]
" <-- Redirection URL for the client
[radius] [17558]: (info): Valid Response Packet, Free the identifier
[eap-auth] [17558]: (info): SUCCESS for EAP method name: Identity on handle 0xB0000039
[mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] MAB received an Access-Accept for 0x8A000002
[mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Received event 'MAB_RESULT' on handle 0x8A000002
[auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Authc success from MAB, Auth event success
從ISE接收資訊的WLC進程
WLC處理從ISE接收的所有資訊。通過它，它應用最初建立的使用者配置檔案和ISE傳送的資料的使用者配置檔案。例如，WLC會為使用者指派新的ACL。如果在WLAN上未啟用AAA Override，則不會發生WLC的此處理。
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< username 0 "42-03-95-22-E6-82">> <-- Processing username received from ISE
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< class 0 43 41 43 53 3a 30 45 31 45 31 34 30 41 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 43 38 45 32 44 41 36 34 32 3a 62 63 2d 69 73 65 2f 34 33 36 37 33 31 34 32 37 2f 33 38 >>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<<Message-Authenticator 0 <hidden>>>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< url-redirect-acl 0 "cwa-acl">> <-- Processing ACL redirection received from ISE
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< url-redirect 0 "https://
:8443/portal/[...]"
>> <-- Processing URL redirection received from ISE
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< dnis 0 "DC-8C-37-D0-83-A0">>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< formatted-clid 0 "42-03-95-22-E6-82">>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< audit-session-id 0 "0E1E140A0000000C8E2DA642">>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< method 0 2 [mab]>>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< clid-mac-addr 0 42 03 95 22 e6 82 >>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< intf-id 0 2415919109 (0x90000005)>>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (450)
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Received User-Name 42-03-95-22-E6-82 for client 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] User profile is to be applied. Authz mlist is not present, Authc mlist cwa_authz ,session push flag is unset
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [webauth-dev] [17558]: (info): Central Webauth URL Redirect, Received a request to create a CWA session for a mac [42:03:95:22:e6:82]
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr-feat_wireless] [17558]: (info): [0000.0000.0000:unknown] Retrieved zone id 0x0 for bssid 12364632849490379189
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [webauth-dev] [17558]: (info): No parameter map is associated with mac 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [epm-redirect] [17558]: (info): [0000.0000.0000:unknown] URL-Redirect-ACL = cwa-acl
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [epm-redirect] [17558]: (info): [0000.0000.0000:unknown] URL-Redirect = https://
:8443/portal/[...]
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] User Profile applied successfully for 0x92000002 - REPLACE <-- WLC replaces the user profile it had originally created
MAB身份驗證完成
成功修改客戶端的使用者配置檔案後，WLC將完成客戶端的MAC地址身份驗證。如果從ISE接收的ACL在WLC上不存在，WLC不知道如何處理該資訊，因此REPLACE操作完全失敗，導致MAB身份驗證也失敗。使用者端無法進行驗證。
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 0000.0000.0000 Sending pmk_update of XID (0) to (MobilityD[0])
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 MAB Authentication success.
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_MAB_AUTH_PENDING -> S_AUTHIF_MAB_AUTH_DONE
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Processing MAB authentication result status: 0, CO_AUTH_STATUS_SUCCESS
WLC將關聯響應傳送到使用者端
現在，使用者端已經過ISE驗證，且已套用正確的ACL，WLC最後會傳送關聯回應給使用者端。現在，使用者可以繼續連線到網路。
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_MACAUTH_IN_PROGRESS -> S_CO_ASSOCIATING
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 dot11 send association response. Sending association response with resp_status_code: 0
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dot11 Capability info byte1 1, byte2: 11
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11-frame] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 WiFi direct: skip build Assoc Resp with P2P IE: Wifi direct policy disabled
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 dot11 send association response. Sending assoc response of length: 137 with resp_status_code: 0, DOT11_STATUS: DOT11_STATUS_SUCCESS
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Association success. AID 1, Roaming = False, WGB = False, 11r = False, 11w = False
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 DOT11 state transition: S_DOT11_MAB_PENDING -> S_DOT11_ASSOCIATED
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Station Dot11 association is successful.
L2身份驗證
根據客戶端與WLAN關聯時必須經歷的過程，L2身份驗證會「啟動」。但是，實際上已經執行了L2身份驗證，因為以前執行過MAB身份驗證。客戶端立即完成L2身份驗證。
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Starting L2 authentication. Bssid in state machine:dc8c.37d0.83af Bssid in request is:dc8c.37d0.83af
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_ASSOCIATING -> S_CO_L2_AUTH_IN_PROGRESS
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 L2 WEBAUTH Authentication Successful
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_MAB_AUTH_DONE -> S_AUTHIF_L2_WEBAUTH_DONE
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 L2 Authentication of station is successful., L3 Authentication : 1
資料外掛
WLC將資源指派給連線的使用者端，以便流量可以流經網路。
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Mobility discovery triggered. Client mode: Local
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_L2_AUTH_IN_PROGRESS -> S_CO_MOBILITY_DISCOVERY_IN_PROGRESS
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-transition] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 MMIF FSM transition: S_MA_INIT -> S_MA_MOBILITY_DISCOVERY_PROCESSED_TR on E_MA_MOBILITY_DISCOVERY
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Invalid transmitter ip in build client context
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Sending mobile_announce of XID (0) to (MobilityD[0])
{mobilityd_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [18482]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Received mobile_announce, sub type: 0 of XID (0) from (WNCD[0])
{mobilityd_R0-0}{1}: [mm-transition] [18482]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 MMFSM transition: S_MC_INIT -> S_MC_ANNOUNCE_PROCESSED_NEW_CLIENT_TR on E_MC_ANNOUNCE_RCVD from WNCD[0]
{mobilityd_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [18482]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Add MCC by tdl mac: client_ifid 0xa0000001 is assigned to client
{mobilityd_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [18482]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Sending capwap_msg_unknown (100) of XID (5) to (WNCD[0])
{mobilityd_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [18482]: (debug): MAC: 0000.0000.0000 Sending mobile_announce_nak of XID (5) to (WNCD[0])
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Received mobile_announce_nak, sub type: 1 of XID (5) from (MobilityD[0])
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-transition] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 MMIF FSM transition: S_MA_INIT_WAIT_ANNOUNCE_RSP -> S_MA_NAK_PROCESSED_TR on E_MA_NAK_RCVD
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Roam type changed - None -> None
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Mobility role changed - Unassoc -> Local
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mm-client] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Mobility Successful. Roam Type None, Sub Roam Type MM_SUB_ROAM_TYPE_NONE, Client IFID: 0xa0000001, Client Role: Local PoA: 0x90000005 PoP: 0x0
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Processing mobility response from MMIF. Client ifid: 0xa0000001, roam type: None, client role: Local
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client QoS add mobile cb
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 No QoS PM Name or QoS Level received from SANet for pm_dir:0. Check client is fastlane, otherwise set pm name to none
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 No QoS PM Name or QoS Level received from SANet for pm_dir:1. Check client is fastlane, otherwise set pm name to none
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ADD MOBILE sent. Client state flags: 0x72 BSSID: MAC: dc8c.37d0.83af capwap IFID: 0x90000005
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_MOBILITY_DISCOVERY_IN_PROGRESS -> S_CO_DPATH_PLUMB_IN_PROGRESS
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dot11] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client datapath entry params - ssid:training_cwa,slot_id:1 bssid ifid: 0x0, radio_ifid: 0x90000003, wlan_ifid: 0xf0400001
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client QoS dpath create params
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 No QoS PM Name or QoS Level received from SANet for pm_dir:0. Check client is fastlane, otherwise set pm name to none
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 No QoS PM Name or QoS Level received from SANet for pm_dir:1. Check client is fastlane, otherwise set pm name to none
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [avc-afc] [17558]: (debug): AVC enabled for client 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [dpath_svc] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client datapath entry created for ifid 0xa0000001
為使用者分配了IP地址
終端使用者需要IP地址才能在網路中導航。它會進行DHCP過程。如果使用者之前已連線，並且記住其IP地址，則會跳過DHCP進程。如果使用者無法接收IP地址，則終端使用者無法檢視Web門戶。否則會執行後續步驟：
- DISCOVER資料包作為廣播從連線的客戶端傳送，以查詢任何可用的DHCP伺服器
- 如果有可用的DHCP伺服器，則DHCP伺服器會使用OFFER進行響應。該優惠包含要分配給連線客戶端的IP地址、租用時間等資訊。可以從各種DHCP伺服器收到許多OFFER
- 客戶端接受來自其中一個伺服器的OFFER，並響應其對所選IP地址的請求
- 最後，DHCP伺服器向客戶端傳送確認資料包，並分配其新IP地址
WLC會記錄使用者端收到其IP位址的方法。
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_DPATH_PLUMB_IN_PROGRESS -> S_CO_IP_LEARN_IN_PROGRESS
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-iplearn] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 IP-learn state transition: S_IPLEARN_INIT -> S_IPLEARN_IN_PROGRESS
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_L2_WEBAUTH_DONE -> S_AUTHIF_L2_WEBAUTH_DONE
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr-feat_dsensor] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Skipping DHCP TLVs for further processing. DHCP based classification isn't enabled
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): RX: DHCPv4 from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dst MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff src_ip: 0.0.0.0, dst_ip: 255.255.255.255, BOOTPREQUEST, SISF_DHCPDISCOVER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): TX: DHCPv4 from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dst MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff src_ip: 0.0.0.0, dst_ip: 255.255.255.255, BOOTPREQUEST, SISF_DHCPDISCOVER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr-feat_dsensor] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Skipping DHCP TLVs for further processing. DHCP based classification isn't enabled
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): RX: DHCPv4 from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dst MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff src_ip: 0.0.0.0, dst_ip: 255.255.255.255, BOOTPREQUEST, SISF_DHCPDISCOVER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): TX: DHCPv4 from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dst MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff src_ip: 0.0.0.0, dst_ip: 255.255.255.255, BOOTPREQUEST, SISF_DHCPDISCOVER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): RX: DHCPv4 from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dst MAC: 4203.9522.e682 src_ip: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, dst_ip: <end-user-ip-addr>, BOOTPREPLY, SISF_DHCPOFFER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: <end-user-ip-addr>, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): TX: DHCPv4 from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dst MAC: 4203.9522.e682 src_ip: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, dst_ip: <end-user-ip-addr>, BOOTPREPLY, SISF_DHCPOFFER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: <end-user-ip-addr>, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): RX: DHCPv4 from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dst MAC: 4203.9522.e682 src_ip: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, dst_ip: <end-user-ip-addr>, BOOTPREPLY, SISF_DHCPOFFER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: <end-user-ip-addr>, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): TX: DHCPv4 from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dst MAC: 4203.9522.e682 src_ip: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, dst_ip: <end-user-ip-addr>, BOOTPREPLY, SISF_DHCPOFFER, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: <end-user-ip-addr>, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr-feat_dsensor] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Skipping DHCP TLVs for further processing. DHCP based classification isn't enabled
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): RX: DHCPv4 from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dst MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff src_ip: 0.0.0.0, dst_ip: 255.255.255.255, BOOTPREQUEST, SISF_DHCPREQUEST, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): TX: DHCPv4 from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dst MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff src_ip: 0.0.0.0, dst_ip: 255.255.255.255, BOOTPREQUEST, SISF_DHCPREQUEST, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): RX: DHCPv4 from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dst MAC: 4203.9522.e682 src_ip: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, dst_ip: <end-user-ip-addr>, BOOTPREPLY, SISF_DHCPACK, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: <end-user-ip-addr>, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (info): TX: DHCPv4 from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Src MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dst MAC: 4203.9522.e682 src_ip: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, dst_ip: <end-user-ip-addr>, BOOTPREPLY, SISF_DHCPACK, giaddr: 0.0.0.0, yiaddr: <end-user-ip-addr>, CMAC: 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-iplearn] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client IP learn successful. Method: DHCP IP: <end-user-ip-addr>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [epm] [17558]: (info): [0000.0000.0000:unknown] HDL = 0x0 vlan 1000 fail count 0 dirty_counter 0 is_dirty 0
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (8)
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-iplearn] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 IP-learn state transition: S_IPLEARN_IN_PROGRESS -> S_IPLEARN_COMPLETE
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Received ip learn response. method: IPLEARN_METHOD_DHCP
L3身份驗證啟動
現在終端使用者已收到IP地址，L3身份驗證從檢測到作為所需身份驗證方法的CWA開始。
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-sm] [17558]: (debug): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Triggered L3 authentication. status = 0x0, Success
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_IP_LEARN_IN_PROGRESS -> S_CO_L3_AUTH_IN_PROGRESS
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 L3 Authentication initiated. CWA
正常IP地址測試
為了繼續連線，客戶端必須執行兩個ARP請求：
1.驗證其他人沒有其IP地址。如果終端使用者的IP地址有ARP應答，則它是重複的IP地址
2.驗證到網關的可達性。這是為了確保客戶端可以離開網路。ARP回覆必須來自網關
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_L2_WEBAUTH_DONE -> S_AUTHIF_WEBAUTH_PENDING
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: 0.0.0.0, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: 0.0.0.0, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: 0.0.0.0, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: 0.0.0.0, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: 0.0.0.0, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: 0.0.0.0, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 64cc.2284.ae10 ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: <default-gateway-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: 10.20.30.17,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: 10.20.30.17,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 000c.290e.1c37 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 000c.290e.1c37 ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: 10.20.30.17, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 000c.290e.1c37 Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 000c.290e.1c37 ARP target MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP sender IP: 10.20.30.17, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface Tw0/0/0 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f Dest MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP REQUEST, ARP sender MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP target MAC: 0000.0000.0000 ARP sender IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <end-user-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): RX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>,
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [sisf-packet] [17558]: (debug): TX: ARP from interface capwap_90000005 on vlan 1000 Source MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Dest MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP REPLY, ARP sender MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ARP target MAC: dca6.32d2.e93f ARP sender IP: <end-user-ip-addr>, ARP target IP: <dhcp-server-ip-addr>,
第二個連線：客戶端到網路
此時，終端使用者已經通過其MAC地址通過ISE進行身份驗證，但尚未獲得完全授權。WLC必須再次參考ISE以授權客戶端連線到網路。此時，入口將呈現給使用者，使用者必須在其中輸入其使用者名稱和密碼。在WLC上，可以看到終端使用者處於「Web Auth Pending」狀態。
授權變更(CoA)
在此處，WLC組態中的「支援CoA」生效。在此之前，一直使用ACL。在終端使用者端看到輸入網站後，ACL將不再使用，因為它只是將使用者端重新導向輸入網站。此時，客戶端輸入其登入憑據以啟動CoA進程並重新驗證客戶端。WLC準備要傳送的封包並將其轉送到ISE
提示:CoA使用埠1700。請確保它未被防火牆阻止。
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [caaa-ch] [17558]: (info): [CAAA:COMMAND HANDLER:92000002] Processing CoA request under CH-ctx. <-- ISE requests the client to reauthenticate
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [caaa-ch] [17558]: (info): [CAAA:COMMAND HANDLER:92000002] Reauthenticate request (0x55de3f898b88)
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] MAB re-authentication started for 2315255810 (4203.9522.e682) <-- ISE requests the WLC to reauthenciate the CoA
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-coa] [17558]: (info): radius coa proxy relay coa resp(wncd)
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-coa] [17558]: (info): CoA Response Details
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): << ssg-command-code 0 32 >>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): << formatted-clid 0 "4203.9522.e682">>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): << error-cause 0 1 [Success]>> <-- The WLC responds with a sucess after processing the packet to be sent to ISE
[aaa-coa] [17558]: (info): server:10.20.30.14 cfg_saddr:10.20.30.14 udpport:64016 sport:0, tableid:0iden:30 rad_code:43 msg_auth_rcvd:TRUE coa_resp:ACK
[caaa-ch] [17558]: (info): [CAAA:COMMAND HANDLER] CoA response sent <-- The WLC sends the CoA response to ISE
ISE的第二次身份驗證
第二個身份驗證不是從零開始。這是美國鈷的力量。新的規則和/或AV paris可以應用於使用者。在第一個Access-Accept上收到的ACL和重定向URL不再推送到終端使用者。
WLC將要求傳送到ISE
WLC使用輸入的使用者名稱/密碼組合向ISE傳送新的RADIUSAccess-Requestpacket。這將觸發新的MAB身份驗證，由於ISE已經知道客戶端，將應用新的策略集（例如，授予訪問許可權）。
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Received event 'MAB_REAUTHENTICATE' on handle 0x8A000002
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [caaa-author] [17558]: (info): [CAAA:AUTHOR:92000002] DEBUG: mlist=cwa_authz for type=1
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Send Access-Request to
:1812
id 0/29, len 421 <-- The packet is traveling via RADIUS port 1812. The "29" is the session ID and it is unique for every connection attempt
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: authenticator c6 ae ab d5 55 c9 65 e2 - 4d 28 01 75 65 54 df 4d
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: User-Name [1] 14 "42039522e682" <-- MAC address that is attempting to authenticate
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: User-Password [2] 18 *
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 25 "service-type=Call Check" <-- This indicates a MAC filtering process
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Framed-MTU [12] 6 1485
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Message-Authenticator[80] 18 ...
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: EAP-Key-Name [102] 2 *
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 43 "audit-session-id=0E1E140A0000000C8E2DA642"
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 12 "method=mab" <-- Controller sends an AVpair with MAB method
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 26 "client-iif-id=1392509681"
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 14 "vlan-id=200"
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: NAS-IP-Address [4] 6
<-- WLC WMI IP address
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: NAS-Port-Id [87] 17 "capwap_90000005"
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: NAS-Port-Type [61] 6 802.11 wireless [19]
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 30 "cisco-wlan-ssid=cwa" <-- SSID and WLAN the client is attempting to connect
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 32 "wlan-profile-name=cwa"
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Called-Station-Id [30] 32 "dc-8c-37-d0-83-a0:cwa"
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Calling-Station-Id [31] 19 "42-03-95-22-e6-82"
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Airespace-WLAN-ID [1] 6 1
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Nas-Identifier [32] 9 "BC-9800"
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Started 5 sec timeout
ISE響應WLC請求
ISE執行策略查詢，如果收到的使用者名稱與策略配置檔案匹配，則ISE再次響應WLC，接受與WLAN的客戶端連線。返回終端使用者的使用者名稱。如果在ISE上配置，則其他規則和/或AV對可應用於使用者，並在Access-Accept中看到它們。
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Received from id 1812/29
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: authenticator a3 b0 45 d6 e5 1e 38 4a - be 15 fa 6b f4 67 62 8a
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: User-Name [1] 14 "cwa-username" <-- Username entered by the end client on the portal that was shown
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Class [25] 51 ...
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Message-Authenticator[80] 18 ...
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): RADIUS: Cisco AVpair [1] 22 "profile-name=Unknown"
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [radius] [17558]: (info): Valid Response Packet, Free the identifier
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [eap-auth] [17558]: (info): SUCCESS for EAP method name: Identity on handle 0xEE00003B
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] MAB received an Access-Accept for 0x8A000002
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [mab] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Received event 'MAB_RESULT' on handle 0x8A000002
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Authc success from MAB, Auth event success
從ISE接收資訊的WLC進程
WLC再次處理ISE接收的資訊。它使用從ISE接收的新值對使用者執行另一REPLACE操作。
[aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< username 0 "cwa-username">> <-- Processing username received from ISE
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< class 0 43 41 43 53 3a 30 45 31 45 31 34 30 41 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 43 38 45 32 44 41 36 34 32 3a 62 63 2d 69 73 65 2f 34 33 36 37 33 31 34 32 37 2f 34 30 >>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<<Message-Authenticator 0 <hidden>>>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< dnis 0 "DC-8C-37-D0-83-A0">>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< formatted-clid 0 "42-03-95-22-E6-82">>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< audit-session-id 0 "0E1E140A0000000C8E2DA642">>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< method 0 2 [mab]>>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< clid-mac-addr 0 42 03 95 22 e6 82 >>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info):
<< intf-id 0 2415919109 (0x90000005)>>
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (450)
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] auth mgr attr change notification is received for attr (450)
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] Received User-Name cwa-username for client 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] User profile is to be applied. Authz mlist is not present, Authc mlist cwa_authz ,session push flag is unset
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [auth-mgr] [17558]: (info): [4203.9522.e682:capwap_90000005] User Profile applied successfully for 0x92000002 - REPLACE <-- WLC replaces the user profile it had originally created
L3身份驗證完成
終端使用者現在已使用給定的資料進行了身份驗證。L3身份驗證（Web身份驗證）已完成。
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 L3 Authentication Successful. ACL:[]
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client auth-interface state transition: S_AUTHIF_WEBAUTH_PENDING -> S_AUTHIF_WEBAUTH_DONE
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client QoS add mobile cb
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 No QoS PM Name or QoS Level received from SANet for pm_dir:0. Check client is fastlane, otherwise set pm name to none
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 No QoS PM Name or QoS Level received from SANet for pm_dir:1. Check client is fastlane, otherwise set pm name to none
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-auth] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 ADD MOBILE sent. Client state flags: 0x78 BSSID: MAC: dc8c.37d0.83af capwap IFID: 0x90000005
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [errmsg] [17558]: (info): %CLIENT_ORCH_LOG-6-CLIENT_ADDED_TO_RUN_STATE: Username entry (cwa-username) joined with ssid (cwa) for device with MAC: 4203.9522.e682 <-- End user "cwa-username" has joined the WLAN "cwa"
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): [ Applied attribute : username 0 "cwa-username" ]
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): [ Applied attribute : class 0 43 41 43 53 3a 30 45 31 45 31 34 30 41 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 43 38 45 32 44 41 36 34 32 3a 62 63 2d 69 73 65 2f 34 33 36 37 33 31 34 32 37 2f 34 30 ]
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): [ Applied attribute :bsn-vlan-interface-name 0 "MGMT" ]
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [aaa-attr-inf] [17558]: (info): [ Applied attribute : timeout 0 1800 (0x708) ]
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [ewlc-qos-client] [17558]: (info): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client QoS run state handler
終端使用者在WLC上達到運行狀態
最後，驗證使用者並將其與WLAN相關聯。
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [rog-proxy-capwap] [17558]: (debug): Managed client RUN state notification: 4203.9522.e682
{wncd_x_R0-0}{1}: [client-orch-state] [17558]: (note): MAC: 4203.9522.e682 Client state transition: S_CO_L3_AUTH_IN_PROGRESS -> S_CO_RUN
CWA流程 — 嵌入式封包擷取(EPC)
EPC是可直接從WLC擷取的封包擷取，顯示所有通過WLC或源自它的封包。如需詳細資訊以及如何擷取，請參閱瞭解Catalyst 9800無線LAN控制器上的無線偵錯和日誌收集。
第一個連線：客戶端到ISE伺服器
警告：資料包捕獲影象上的IP地址已被刪除。它們顯示為
與WLAN的關聯和傳送到ISE伺服器的請求
第一個資料包
從WLC到使用者端的關聯請求
檢視第一個資料包「關聯請求」，您可以看到此過程中涉及的裝置的MAC地址。
關聯請求
從WLC傳送到ISE的訪問請求資料包
WLC處理完關聯請求後，WLC會向ISE服務器傳送存取要求封包。
存取要求封包分析
- 封包的名稱。
- 嘗試進行身份驗證的MAC地址。
- 這表示MAC過濾。
- 控制器向ISE傳送的AV對，用於指示MAC過濾過程。
- WLC的WMI IP地址。
- 客戶端嘗試連線的SSID。
- 使用者端嘗試連線的WLAN的名稱。
從WLC傳送到ISE的接入接受資料包
ISE處理訪問接受資料包後，如果成功，將使用Access-Accept進行響應；如果失敗，則使用Access-Reject進行響應。
存取接受封包分析
- 封包的名稱。
- MAC地址已通過身份驗證。
- 要應用的ACL。
- 將使用者重定向到的URL。
從WLC到使用者端的關聯回應
關聯響應
DHCP進程
DHCP進程
注意：從現在起，資料包被視為重複，但這只是因為其中一個資料包是CAPWAP封裝的，而另一個資料包不是
ARP
客戶端ARP為自己的IP地址和網關執行ARP
連通性測試
ARP過程完成後，嘗試連線的裝置會執行檢查以驗證入口是否被觸發，這也稱為探測。如果裝置表示沒有Internet連線，則表示ARP過程失敗（例如，網關從未應答），或者裝置無法進行探測。
此探測功能在RA跟蹤中是看不到的，只有EPC能夠提供此資訊。探測查詢取決於嘗試連線的裝置，在本示例中，測試裝置是Apple裝置，因此探測直接指向Apple的捕獲門戶。
使用URL進行探測時，解析此URL需要DNS。因此，如果DNS伺服器無法響應客戶端的查詢，則客戶端會繼續查詢該URL，並且門戶從未被看到。此時，如果在終端裝置Web瀏覽器上輸入ISE伺服器的IP地址，門戶必須可見。如果是，則DNS伺服器出現問題。
來自客戶端的連線測試 — DNS查詢和應答
DNS解析的IP地址
檢查DNS查詢響應時，您可以看到DNS伺服器解析的IP地址。
DNS伺服器解析的IP地址
建立三次握手
現在DNS IP地址已解析，入口和客戶端之間會建立TCP三次握手。使用的IP地址是解析的任一個IP地址。
三次握手建立
獲取熱點
建立TCP作業階段後，使用者端會進行探查並嘗試存取入口網站。
獲取熱點
OK資料包
OK資料包包含客戶端必須重定向到的ISE門戶。
OK資料包
注意：大多數人都在OK資料包中返回了另一個URL。因此，需要執行另一個DNS查詢以獲取最終IP地址。
已建立新的TCP作業階段
現在已發現入口的IP地址，因此會交換許多資料包，但最終在OK資料包（或由DNS解析）中返回的目標IP與ISE的IP地址對應的資料包顯示正在建立到入口的新TCP會話。
與ISE門戶的第二個連線和新TCP會話
門戶顯示給使用者
此時，ISE門戶最終顯示在客戶端瀏覽器的瀏覽器上。與以前一樣，ISE和裝置之間交換許多資料包；例如客戶端hello和伺服器hello等。在這裡，ISE要求客戶端提供使用者名稱和密碼、接受條款和條件或ISE伺服器上配置的任何內容。
CoA請求/CoA確認
使用者輸入所有請求的資料後，ISE會向控制器傳送CoA請求以更改使用者的授權。如果WLC上的所有內容均按預期設定，例如具有NAC狀態、支援CoA等，則WLC會傳送CoA確認(CoA ACK)。否則，WLC可能傳送CoA非確認(CoA NACK)，或僅僅它不會傳送CoA ACK。
CoA請求和確認
第二個連線：客戶端到網路
New Access-Request
WLC向ISE傳送新的訪問請求資料包。
新接入請求資料包分析
- 封包的名稱。
- 嘗試進行身份驗證的MAC地址。
- 這表示MAC過濾。
- 控制器向ISE傳送的AV對，用於指示MAC過濾過程。
- WLC的WMI IP地址。
- 客戶端嘗試連線的SSID。
- 使用者端嘗試連線的WLAN的名稱。
新建訪問 — 接受
WLC向ISE傳送新的訪問請求資料包。
新接入接受資料包分析
- 封包的名稱。
- 終端客戶端在顯示的門戶上輸入的使用者名稱。
同樣，從客戶端進行新的探測連線測試。一旦客戶端確認已連線Internet，即可關閉門戶（根據所使用的裝置可自動關閉）。客戶端現在已連線到網路。
修訂記錄
| 修訂 | 發佈日期 | 意見 |
|---|---|---|
1.0 |
06-Oct-2023 |
初始版本 |
意見