調試身份驗證

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已更新: 2007 年 2 月 1 日
文件 ID:50843

無偏見用語

本產品的文件集力求使用無偏見用語。針對本文件集的目的，無偏見係定義為未根據年齡、身心障礙、性別、種族身分、民族身分、性別傾向、社會經濟地位及交織性表示歧視的用語。由於本產品軟體使用者介面中硬式編碼的語言、根據 RFP 文件使用的語言，或引用第三方產品的語言，因此本文件中可能會出現例外狀況。深入瞭解思科如何使用包容性用語。

關於此翻譯

思科已使用電腦和人工技術翻譯本文件，讓全世界的使用者能夠以自己的語言理解支援內容。請注意，即使是最佳機器翻譯，也不如專業譯者翻譯的內容準確。Cisco Systems, Inc. 對這些翻譯的準確度概不負責，並建議一律查看原始英文文件（提供連結）。

簡介

無線通訊在許多方面使用身份驗證。最常見的身份驗證型別是不同型別和形式的可擴展身份驗證協定(EAP)。其他身份驗證型別包括MAC地址身份驗證和管理身份驗證。本文說明如何調試和解釋調試身份驗證的輸出。排除無線安裝故障時，這些調試資訊非常重要。

註：本文檔中涉及非思科產品的部分基於作者的經驗，而非正式培訓。它們旨在為您提供方便，而不是作為技術支援。如需非思科產品的權威技術支援，請聯絡該產品的技術支援。

必要條件

需求

思科建議您瞭解以下主題：

  • 與無線網路相關的身份驗證

  • Cisco IOS®軟體指令行介面(CLI)

  • RADIUS伺服器配置

採用元件

本文中的資訊係根據以下軟體和硬體版本：

  • 任何型號和版本的Cisco IOS軟體型無線產品

  • Hilgraeve超級終端

本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路正在作用，請確保您已瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。

慣例

如需文件慣例的詳細資訊，請參閱思科技術提示慣例。

捕獲調試

如果無法擷取和分析偵錯資訊，該資訊將毫無用處。捕獲此資料的最簡單方法是使用內建於Telnet或通訊應用程式中的螢幕捕獲功能。

此範例說明如何使用Hilgraeve HyperTerminal應用程序擷取leavingcisco.com輸出。大多數Microsoft Windows作業系統都包括超級終端機，但是您可以將這些概念應用到任何終端模擬應用程式。有關應用程式的更完整資訊，請參閱Hilgraeve leavingcisco.com。

完成以下步驟，將超級終端配置為與接入點(AP)或網橋通訊：

  1. 若要開啟超級終端機，請選擇「開始」>「程式」>「系統工具」>「通訊」>「超級終端機」。

    圖1 — 超級終端啟動

    debug_authen1.gif

  2. 超級終端開啟時，請完成以下步驟：

    1. 輸入連線的名稱。

    2. 選擇一個圖示。

    3. 按一下「OK」（確定）。

  3. 若是Telnet連線，請完成以下步驟：

    1. 從Connect Using下拉選單中，選擇TCP/IP。

    2. 輸入要運行調試的裝置的IP地址。

    3. 按一下「OK」（確定）。

      圖2 - Telnet連線

      debug_authen2.gif

  4. 對於控制檯連線，請完成以下步驟：

    1. 從使用連線下拉選單中，選擇控制檯電纜所連線的COM埠。

    2. 按一下「OK」（確定）。

      此時將顯示連線的屬性表。

    3. 設定連線到控制檯埠的速度。

    4. 若要還原預設連線埠設定，請按一下「Restore Defaults」。

      註：大多數思科產品都採用預設埠設定。

      預設埠設定如下：

      • 每秒位元數 — 9600

      • 資料位 — 8

      • 同位 — 無

      • 停止位元 — 1

      • 流量控制 — 無

      圖3 - COM1屬性

      debug_authen3.gif

      此時，會建立Telnet或控制檯連線，並提示您輸入使用者名稱和密碼。

      注意：Cisco Aironet裝置分配預設的使用者名稱和密碼Cisco（區分大小寫）。

  5. 要運行調試，請完成以下步驟：

    1. 發出enable命令以進入特殊許可權模式。

    2. 輸入啟用密碼。

      注意：請記住，Aironet裝置的預設密碼是Cisco（區分大小寫）。

      注意：若要檢視Telnet會話中調試的輸出，請使用terminal monitor或term mon命令開啟終端監視器。

      圖4 — 連線的Telnet會話

      debug_authen4.gif

  6. 建立連線後，請完成以下步驟以收集螢幕捕獲：

    1. 從「傳輸」選單中選擇捕獲文本。

      圖5 — 儲存螢幕截圖

      debug_authen5.gif

    2. 當開啟一個提示您輸入輸出檔名的對話方塊時，請輸入檔名。

  7. 完成以下步驟以禁用螢幕繞排：

    注意：禁用螢幕繞排時，可以更輕鬆地讀取調試。

    1. 在「超級終端機」功能表中選擇「檔案」。

    2. 選擇Properties。

    3. 在連線屬性工作表上，按一下Settings頁籤。

    4. 按一下ASCII Setup。

    5. 取消選中超出終端寬度的換行。

    6. 要關閉ASCII設定，請按一下確定。

    7. 要關閉連線屬性表，請按一下確定。

      圖6 - ASCII設定

      debug_authen6.gif

現在，您可以將任何螢幕輸出捕獲到文本檔案中，所運行的調試取決於協商的內容。本文檔的下一部分將介紹調試提供的協商連線的型別。

EAP

以下調試對EAP身份驗證最有幫助：

  • debug radius authentication — 此調試的輸出以以下詞開頭：RADIUS。

  • debug dot11 aaa authenticator process — 此調試的輸出以以下文本開頭：dot11_auth_dot1x_。

  • debug dot11 aaa authenticator state-machine — 此調試的輸出以以下文本開頭：dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm。

這些調試顯示：

  • 身份驗證對話方塊的RADIUS部分期間報告的內容

  • 在該身份驗證對話方塊期間執行的操作

  • 身份驗證對話方塊轉換到的各種狀態

此示例顯示成功的輕量EAP(LEAP)身份驗證：

成功的EAP身份驗證示例 
Apr  8 17:45:48.208: dot11_auth_dot1x_start: in the dot11_auth_dot1x_start
Apr  8 17:45:48.208: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_id_req_to_client: 
   sending identity request for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.208: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_id_req_to_client: 
   Started timer client_timeout 30 seconds
Apr  8 17:45:48.210: dot11_auth_parse_client_pak: 
    Received EAPOL packet from 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.210: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    Executing Action(CLIENT_WAIT,EAP_START) for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.210: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_id_req_to_client:  
    sending identity request for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.210: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_id_req_to_client:  
    Started timer client_timeout 30 seconds
Apr  8 17:45:48.212: dot11_auth_parse_client_pak:  
    Received EAPOL packet from 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.212: dot11_auth_parse_client_pak:  
    id is not matching req-id:1resp-id:2, waiting for response
Apr  8 17:45:48.213: dot11_auth_parse_client_pak:  
    Received EAPOL packet from 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.213: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    Executing Action(CLIENT_WAIT,CLIENT_REPLY) for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.214: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_server:  
    Sending client 0002.8aa6.304f data to server
Apr  8 17:45:48.214: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_server:  
    tarted timer server_timeout 60 seconds
Apr  8 17:45:48.214: RADIUS:  AAA Unsupported     [248] 14  
Apr  8 17:45:48.214: RADIUS:   6C 61 62 61 70 31 32 30 30 69 70 31
    [labap1200ip1]
Apr  8 17:45:48.215: RADIUS:  AAA Unsupported     [150] 2   
Apr  8 17:45:48.215: RADIUS(0000001C): Storing nasport 17 in rad_db
Apr  8 17:45:48.215: RADIUS(0000001C): Config NAS IP: 10.0.0.102
Apr  8 17:45:48.215: RADIUS/ENCODE(0000001C): acct_session_id: 28
Apr  8 17:45:48.216: RADIUS(0000001C): Config NAS IP: 10.0.0.102
Apr  8 17:45:48.216: RADIUS(0000001C): sending
Apr  8 17:45:48.216: RADIUS(0000001C): Send Access-Request  
    to 10.0.0.3:1645 id 21645/93, len 139
Apr  8 17:45:48.216: RADIUS:  authenticator 92 26 A8 31 ED 60 6A 88  
    - 84 8C 80 B2 B8 26 4C 04
Apr  8 17:45:48.216: RADIUS:  User-Name           [1]   9   "aironet"
Apr  8 17:45:48.216: RADIUS:  Framed-MTU          [12]  6   1400       
Apr  8 17:45:48.217: RADIUS:  Called-Station-Id   [30]  16  "0005.9a39.0374"
Apr  8 17:45:48.217: RADIUS:  Calling-Station-Id  [31]  16  "0002.8aa6.304f"
Apr  8 17:45:48.217: RADIUS:  Service-Type        [6]   6   Login  [1]
Apr  8 17:45:48.217: RADIUS:  Message-Authenticato[80]  18  *
Apr  8 17:45:48.217: RADIUS:  EAP-Message         [79]  14  
Apr  8 17:45:48.218: RADIUS:   02 02 00 0C 01 61 69 72 6F 6E 65 74 
    [?????aironet]
Apr  8 17:45:48.218: RADIUS:  NAS-Port-Type       [61]  6   802.11  
    wireless     [19]
Apr  8 17:45:48.218: RADIUS:  NAS-Port            [5]   6   17 
Apr  8 17:45:48.218: RADIUS:  NAS-IP-Address      [4]   6   10.0.0.102  
Apr  8 17:45:48.218: RADIUS:  Nas-Identifier      [32]  16  "labap1200ip102"
Apr  8 17:45:48.224: RADIUS: Received from id 21645/93 10.0.0.3:1645,  
    Access-Challenge, len 69
Apr  8 17:45:48.224: RADIUS:  authenticator C8 6D 9B B3 67 60 44 29  
    - CC AB 39 DE 00 A9 A8 CA
Apr  8 17:45:48.224: RADIUS:  EAP-Message         [79]  25  
Apr  8 17:45:48.224: RADIUS:   01 43 00 17 11 01 00 08 63 BB E7 8C 0F AC EB 9A 
    [?C??????c???????]
Apr  8 17:45:48.225: RADIUS:   61 69 72 6F 6E 65 74 
    [aironet]
Apr  8 17:45:48.225: RADIUS:  Session-Timeout     [27]  6   20
Apr  8 17:45:48.225: RADIUS:  Message-Authenticato[80]  18  *
Apr  8 17:45:48.226: RADIUS(0000001C): Received from id 21645/93
Apr  8 17:45:48.226: RADIUS/DECODE: EAP-Message fragments, 23, total 23 bytes
Apr  8 17:45:48.226: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    Received server response: GET_CHALLENGE_RESPONSE
Apr  8 17:45:48.226: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp: found eap pak in 
    server response
Apr  8 17:45:48.226: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp: found session timeout  
    20 sec
Apr  8 17:45:48.227: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    Executing Action(SERVER_WAIT,SERVER_REPLY) for
    0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.227: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Forwarding server message to client 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.227: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Started timer client_timeout 20 seconds
Apr  8 17:45:48.232: dot11_auth_parse_client_pak:  
    Received EAPOL packet from 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.232: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm: Executing Action 
    (CLIENT_WAIT,CLIENT_REPLY) for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.232: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_server:  
    Sending client 0002.8aa6.304f data to server
Apr  8 17:45:48.232: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_server:  
    Started timer server_timeout 60 seconds
Apr  8 17:45:48.233: RADIUS:  AAA Unsupported     [248] 14  
Apr  8 17:45:48.234: RADIUS:   6C 61 62 61 70 31 32 30 30 69 70 31 
    [labap1200ip1]
Apr  8 17:45:48.234: RADIUS:  AAA Unsupported     [150] 2   
Apr  8 17:45:48.234: RADIUS(0000001C): Using existing nas_port 17
Apr  8 17:45:48.234: RADIUS(0000001C): Config NAS IP: 10.0.0.102
Apr  8 17:45:48.234: RADIUS/ENCODE(0000001C): acct_session_id: 28
Apr  8 17:45:48.234: RADIUS(0000001C): Config NAS IP: 10.0.0.102
Apr  8 17:45:48.234: RADIUS(0000001C): sending
Apr  8 17:45:48.234: RADIUS(0000001C): Send Access-Request to  
    10.0.0.3:1645 id 21645/94, len 166
Apr  8 17:45:48.235: RADIUS:  authenticator 93 B5 CC B6 41 97 A0 85  
    - 1B 4D 13 0F 6A EE D4 11
Apr  8 17:45:48.235: RADIUS:  User-Name           [1]   9   "aironet"
Apr  8 17:45:48.235: RADIUS:  Framed-MTU          [12]  6   1400
Apr  8 17:45:48.236: RADIUS:  Called-Station-Id   [30]  16  "0005.9a39.0374"
Apr  8 17:45:48.236: RADIUS:  Calling-Station-Id  [31]  16  "0002.8aa6.304f"
Apr  8 17:45:48.236: RADIUS:  Service-Type        [6]   6   Login        [1]
Apr  8 17:45:48.236: RADIUS:  Message-Authenticato[80]  18  *
Apr  8 17:45:48.236: RADIUS:  EAP-Message         [79]  41  
Apr  8 17:45:48.236: RADIUS:   02 43 00 27 11 01 00 18 30 9F 55 AF 05 03 71 7D
    [?C?'????0?U???q}]
Apr  8 17:45:48.236: RADIUS:   25 41 1B B0 F4 A9 7C EE F5 51 24 9A FC 6D 51 6D
    [?A????|??Q$??mQm]
Apr  8 17:45:48.237: RADIUS:   61 69 72 6F 6E 65 74                  [aironet]
Apr  8 17:45:48.237: RADIUS:  NAS-Port-Type       [61]  6   802.11  
    wireless   [19]
Apr  8 17:45:48.237: RADIUS:  NAS-Port            [5]   6   17
Apr  8 17:45:48.238: RADIUS:  NAS-IP-Address      [4]   6   10.0.0.102 
Apr  8 17:45:48.238: RADIUS:  Nas-Identifier      [32]  16  "labap1200ip102"
Apr  8 17:45:48.242: RADIUS: Received from id 21645/94 10.0.0.3:1645,  
    Access-Challenge, len 50
Apr  8 17:45:48.243: RADIUS:  authenticator 59 2D EE 24 CF B2 87 AF  
    - 86 D0 C9 00 79 BE 6E 1E
Apr  8 17:45:48.243: RADIUS:  EAP-Message         [79]  6   
Apr  8 17:45:48.243: RADIUS:   03 43 00 04
    [?C??]
Apr  8 17:45:48.244: RADIUS:  Session-Timeout     [27]  6   20  
Apr  8 17:45:48.244: RADIUS:  Message-Authenticato[80]  18  *
Apr  8 17:45:48.244: RADIUS(0000001C): Received from id 21645/94
Apr  8 17:45:48.244: RADIUS/DECODE: EAP-Message fragments, 4, total 4 bytes
Apr  8 17:45:48.244: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    Received server response: GET_CHALLENGE_RESPONSE
Apr  8 17:45:48.245: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    found eap pak in server response
Apr  8 17:45:48.245: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    found session timeout 20 sec
Apr  8 17:45:48.245: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    Executing Action(SERVER_WAIT,SERVER_REPLY) 
for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.245: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Forwarding server message to client 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.246: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Started timer client_timeout 20 seconds
Apr  8 17:45:48.249: dot11_auth_parse_client_pak:  
    Received EAPOL packet from 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.250: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    Executing Action(CLIENT_WAIT,CLIENT_REPLY) for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.250: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_server:  
    Sending client 0002.8aa6.304f data to server
Apr  8 17:45:48.250: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_server:  
    Started timer server_timeout 60 seconds
Apr  8 17:45:48.250: RADIUS:  AAA Unsupported     [248] 14  
Apr  8 17:45:48.251: RADIUS:   6C 61 62 61 70 31 32 30 30 69 70 31   
    [labap1200ip1]
Apr  8 17:45:48.251: RADIUS:  AAA Unsupported     [150] 2   
Apr  8 17:45:48.251: RADIUS(0000001C): Using existing nas_port 17
Apr  8 17:45:48.252: RADIUS(0000001C): Config NAS IP: 10.0.0.102
Apr  8 17:45:48.252: RADIUS/ENCODE(0000001C): acct_session_id: 28
Apr  8 17:45:48.252: RADIUS(0000001C): Config NAS IP: 10.0.0.102
Apr  8 17:45:48.252: RADIUS(0000001C): sending
Apr  8 17:45:48.252: RADIUS(0000001C): Send Access-Request to  
    10.0.0.3:1645 id 21645/95, len 150
Apr  8 17:45:48.252: RADIUS:  authenticator 39 1C A5 EF 86 9E BA D1  
    - 50 FD 58 80 A8 8A BC 2A
Apr  8 17:45:48.253: RADIUS:  User-Name           [1]   9   "aironet"
Apr  8 17:45:48.253: RADIUS:  Framed-MTU          [12]  6   1400
Apr  8 17:45:48.253: RADIUS:  Called-Station-Id   [30]  16  "0005.9a39.0374"
Apr  8 17:45:48.253: RADIUS:  Calling-Station-Id  [31]  16  "0002.8aa6.304f"
Apr  8 17:45:48.254: RADIUS:  Service-Type        [6]   6   Login        [1]
Apr  8 17:45:48.254: RADIUS:  Message-Authenticato[80]  18  *
Apr  8 17:45:48.254: RADIUS:  EAP-Message         [79]  25  
Apr  8 17:45:48.254: RADIUS:   01 43 00 17 11 01 00 08 50 9A 67 2E 7D 26 75 AA
    [?C??????P?g.}&u?]
Apr  8 17:45:48.254: RADIUS:   61 69 72 6F 6E 65 74 
    [aironet]
Apr  8 17:45:48.254: RADIUS:  NAS-Port-Type       [61]  6   802.11 
    wireless  [19]
Apr  8 17:45:48.254: RADIUS:  NAS-Port            [5]   6   17
Apr  8 17:45:48.255: RADIUS:  NAS-IP-Address      [4]   6   10.0.0.102 
Apr  8 17:45:48.255: RADIUS:  Nas-Identifier      [32]  16  "labap1200ip102"
Apr  8 17:45:48.260: RADIUS: Received from id 21645/95 10.0.0.3:1645,  
    Access-Accept, len 206
Apr  8 17:45:48.260: RADIUS:  authenticator 39 13 3C ED FC 02 68 63  
    - 24 13 1B 46 CF 93 B8 E3
Apr  8 17:45:48.260: RADIUS:  Framed-IP-Address   [8]   6   255.255.255.255 
Apr  8 17:45:48.261: RADIUS:  EAP-Message         [79]  41  
Apr  8 17:45:48.261: RADIUS:   02 00 00 27 11 01 00 18 FA 53 D0 29 6C 9D 66 8E 
    [???'?????S?)l?f?]
Apr  8 17:45:48.262: RADIUS:   C4 A3 CD 54 08 8C 35 7C 74 0C 6A EF D4 6D 30 A4
    [???T??5|t?j??m0?]
Apr  8 17:45:48.262: RADIUS:   61 69 72 6F 6E 65 74                  [aironet]
Apr  8 17:45:48.262: RADIUS:  Vendor, Cisco       [26]  59 
Apr  8 17:45:48.262: RADIUS:   Cisco AVpair       [1]   53   
    "leap:session-key=G:3asil;mwerAEJNYH-JxI,"
Apr  8 17:45:48.262: RADIUS:  Vendor, Cisco       [26]  31  
Apr  8 17:45:48.262: RADIUS:   Cisco AVpair       [1]   25   
    "auth-algo-type=eap-leap"
Apr  8 17:45:48.262: RADIUS:  Class               [25]  31  
Apr  8 17:45:48.263: RADIUS:   43 49 53 43 4F 41 43 53 3A 30 30 30 30 31 64 36
    [CISCOACS:00001d6]
Apr  8 17:45:48.263: RADIUS:   33 2F 30 61 30 30 30 30 36 36 2F 31 37 
    [3/0a000066/17]
Apr  8 17:45:48.263: RADIUS:  Message-Authenticato[80]  18  *
Apr  8 17:45:48.264: RADIUS(0000001C): Received from id 21645/95
Apr  8 17:45:48.264: RADIUS/DECODE: EAP-Message fragments, 39, total 39 bytes
Apr  8 17:45:48.264: found leap session key
Apr  8 17:45:48.265: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    Received server response: PASS
Apr  8 17:45:48.265: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    found eap pak in server response
Apr  8 17:45:48.265: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    found leap session key in server response
Apr  8 17:45:48.265: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    leap session key length 16
Apr  8 17:45:48.266: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    Executing Action(SERVER_WAIT,SERVER_PASS) for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.266: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Forwarding server message to client 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:45:48.266: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Started timer client_timeout 20 seconds
Apr  8 17:45:48.266: %DOT11-6-ASSOC: Interface Dot11Radio0,  
    Station RKIBBE-W2K4 0002.8aa6.304f Associated KEY_MGMT[NONE]

請注意狀態機調試中的流量。此過程分為幾個狀態：

  1. EAP_START

  2. CLIENT_WAIT

  3. CLIENT回覆

  4. 伺服器等待(_W)

  5. 伺服器回覆(_Q)

    注意：當二者進行協商時，可以有多次CLIENT_WAIT和CLIENT_REPLY的迭代，以及SERVER_WAIT和SERVER_REPLY。

  6. 伺服器傳遞

process調試顯示每個狀態的每個單獨步驟。radius 偵錯顯示驗證伺服器和使用者端之間的實際對話。使用EAP調試最簡單的方法是觀察狀態機消息在每個狀態中的進展。

當協商中發生故障時，state-machine調試會顯示進程停止的原因。注意類似以下示例的郵件：

  • CLIENT TIMEOUT — 此狀態表示客戶端沒有在適當的時間內響應。出現此響應失敗的原因可能是以下其中之一：

    • 客戶端軟體有問題。

    • EAP客戶端超時值（來自「高級安全」下的「EAP身份驗證」子頁籤）已過期。

    某些EAP，尤其是受保護的EAP(PEAP)，完成身份驗證需要超過30秒。將此計時器設定為一個更高的值（介於90秒和120秒之間）。

    以下是CLIENT TIMEOUT嘗試的范例：

    客戶端超時示例 
    Apr 12 17:51:09.373: dot11_auth_dot1x_start: in the dot11_auth_dot1x_start
Apr 12 17:51:09.373: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_id_req_to_client:  
    sending identity request for 0040.96a0.3758
Apr 12 17:51:09.374: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_id_req_to_client: 
    Started timer client_timeout 30 seconds
Apr 12 17:51:39.358: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    Executing Action(CLIENT_WAIT,TIMEOUT) for 0040.96a0.3758
Apr 12 17:51:39.358: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_client_fail:  
    Authentication failed for 0040.96a0.3758
Apr 12 17:51:39.358: %DOT11-7-AUTH_FAILED:  
    Station 0040.96a0.3758 Authentication failed

    注意：注意任何類似於以下消息的系統錯誤消息： 

    %DOT11-4-MAXRETRIES: Packet to client xxxx.xxxx.xxxx reached
		  max retries, removing the client

    注意：此類錯誤消息可能表示射頻(RF)問題。

  • AP和RADIUS伺服器之間的共用金鑰不匹配 — 在此示例日誌中，RADIUS伺服器不接受來自AP的身份驗證請求。AP繼續向RADIUS伺服器傳送請求，但RADIUS伺服器拒絕該請求，因為共用金鑰不匹配。

    為了解決此問題，請務必檢查AP上的共用金鑰是否與RADIUS伺服器中使用的共用金鑰相同。

    AP和RADIUS伺服器之間的共用金鑰不匹配 
    Jun  2 15:58:13.553: %RADIUS-4-RADIUS_DEAD:  
    RADIUS server 10.10.1.172:1645, 1646 is not responding.
Jun  2 15:58:13.553: %RADIUS-4-RADIUS_ALIVE: RADIUS server  
    10.10.1.172:1645,1646 has returned.
Jun  2 15:58:23.664: %DOT11-7-AUTH_FAILED: Station 0040.96a0.3758  
    Authentication failed

  • server_timeout — 此狀態表示身份驗證伺服器沒有在適當的時間內響應。由於伺服器上的問題，出現響應失敗。驗證以下情況是否正確：

    • AP與身份驗證伺服器具有IP連線。

      注意：您可以使用ping命令驗證連線。

    • 伺服器的身份驗證和記帳埠號正確。

      注意：您可以從「伺服器管理器」(Server Manager)頁籤檢查埠號。

    • 身份驗證服務正在運行且工作正常。

    以下是server_timeout嘗試的范例：

    server_timeout示例 
    Apr  8 20:02:55.469: dot11_auth_dot1x_start:  
    in the dot11_auth_dot1x_start
Apr  8 20:02:55.469: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_id_req_to_client:  
    sending identity request for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 20:02:55.469: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_id_req_to_client:  
    Started timer client_timeout 30 seconds
Apr  8 20:02:55.470: dot11_auth_parse_client_pak:  
    Received EAPOL packet from 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 20:02:55.470: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    Executing Action(CLIENT_WAIT,EAP_START) for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 20:02:55.470: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_id_req_to_client:  
    sending identity request for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 20:02:55.470: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_id_req_to_client:  
    Started timer client_timeout 30 seconds
Apr  8 20:02:55.471: dot11_auth_parse_client_pak:  
    Received EAPOL packet from 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 20:02:55.472: dot11_auth_parse_client_pak:  
    id is not matching req-id:1resp-id:2, waiting for response
Apr  8 20:02:55.474: dot11_auth_parse_client_pak:  
    Received EAPOL packet from 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 20:02:55.474: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    Executing Action(CLIENT_WAIT,CLIENT_REPLY) for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 20:02:55.474: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_server:  
    Sending client 0002.8aa6.304f data to server
Apr  8 20:02:55.475: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_server:  
    Started timer server_timeout 60 seconds
Apr  8 20:02:55.476: RADIUS:  AAA Unsupported     [248] 14  
Apr  8 20:02:55.476: RADIUS:   6C 61 62 61 70 31 32 30 30 69 70 31 
    [labap1200ip1]
Apr  8 20:02:55.476: RADIUS:  AAA Unsupported     [150] 2   
Apr  8 20:02:55.476: RADIUS(00000031): Storing nasport 32 in rad_db
Apr  8 20:02:55.476: RADIUS(00000031): Config NAS IP: 10.0.0.102
Apr  8 20:02:55.476: RADIUS/ENCODE(00000031): acct_session_id: 49
Apr  8 20:02:55.477: RADIUS(00000031): Config NAS IP: 10.0.0.102
Apr  8 20:02:55.477: RADIUS(00000031): sending
Apr  8 20:02:55.477: RADIUS(00000031): Send Access-Request  
    to 10.0.0.3:1234 id 21645/145, len 139
Apr  8 20:02:55.478: RADIUS:  authenticator B6 F7 BB 41 0E 9F 44 D1  
    - 9A F8 E2 D7 5D 70 F2 76
Apr  8 20:02:55.478: RADIUS:  User-Name           [1]   9   "aironet"
Apr  8 20:02:55.478: RADIUS:  Framed-MTU          [12]  6   1400   
Apr  8 20:02:55.478: RADIUS:  Called-Station-Id   [30]  16  "0005.9a39.0374"
Apr  8 20:02:55.478: RADIUS:  Calling-Station-Id  [31]  16  "0002.8aa6.304f"
Apr  8 20:02:55.478: RADIUS:  Service-Type        [6]   6   Login        [1]
Apr  8 20:02:55.478: RADIUS:  Message-Authenticato[80]  18  *
Apr  8 20:02:55.478: RADIUS:  EAP-Message         [79]  14  
Apr  8 20:02:55.479: RADIUS:   02 02 00 0C 01 61 69 72 6F 6E 65 74  
    [?????aironet]
Apr  8 20:02:55.479: RADIUS:  NAS-Port-Type       [61]  6   802.11  
    wireless [19]
Apr  8 20:02:55.479: RADIUS:  NAS-Port            [5]   6   32     
Apr  8 20:02:55.479: RADIUS:  NAS-IP-Address      [4]   6   10.0.0.102 
Apr  8 20:02:55.480: RADIUS:  Nas-Identifier      [32]  16  "labap1200ip102"
Apr  8 20:03:00.478: RADIUS:  
    Retransmit to (10.0.0.3:1234,1234) for id 21645/145
Apr  8 20:03:05.475: RADIUS:  
    Retransmit to (10.0.0.3:1234,1234) for id 21645/145
Apr  8 20:03:10.473: RADIUS:  
    Retransmit to (10.0.0.3:1234,1234) for id 21645/145
Apr  8 20:03:15.470: RADIUS:  
    No response from (10.0.0.3:1234,1234) for id 21645/145
Apr  8 20:03:15.470: RADIUS/DECODE:  
    parse response no app start; FAIL
Apr  8 20:03:15.470: RADIUS/DECODE:  
    parse response; FAIL
Apr  8 20:03:15.470: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    Received server response: FAIL
Apr  8 20:03:15.470: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    found eap pak in server response
Apr  8 20:03:15.470: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    detailed aaa_status 1
Apr  8 20:03:15.471: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    Executing Action(SERVER_WAIT,SERVER_FAIL) for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 20:03:15.471: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_client_fail:  
    Authentication failed for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 20:03:15.471: %DOT11-7-AUTH_FAILED: Station 0002.8aa6.304f  
    Authentication failed

  • SERVER_FAIL — 此狀態表示伺服器根據使用者憑據提供了不成功的身份驗證響應。在此失敗之前的RADIUS調試顯示提供給身份驗證伺服器的使用者名稱。請務必檢查身份驗證伺服器中的Failed Attempts（嘗試失敗次數）日誌，以瞭解有關伺服器拒絕客戶端訪問的原因的其他詳細資訊。

    以下是SERVER_FAIL嘗試的範例：

    SERVER_FAIL示例 
    Apr  8 17:46:13.604: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_server:  
    Sending client 0002.8aa6.304f data to server
Apr  8 17:46:13.604: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_server:  
    Started timer server_timeout 60 seconds
Apr  8 17:46:13.605: RADIUS:  AAA Unsupported     [248] 14  
Apr  8 17:46:13.605: RADIUS:   6C 61 62 61 70 31 32 30 30 69 70 31   
    [labap1200ip1]
Apr  8 17:46:13.606: RADIUS:  AAA Unsupported     [150] 2   
Apr  8 17:46:13.606: RADIUS(0000001D): Using existing nas_port 18
Apr  8 17:46:13.606: RADIUS(0000001D): Config NAS IP: 10.0.0.102
Apr  8 17:46:13.606: RADIUS/ENCODE(0000001D): acct_session_id: 29
Apr  8 17:46:13.606: RADIUS(0000001D): Config NAS IP: 10.0.0.102
Apr  8 17:46:13.606: RADIUS(0000001D): sending
Apr  8 17:46:13.607: RADIUS(0000001D): Send Access-Request  
    to 10.0.0.3:1645 id 21645/97, len 176
Apr  8 17:46:13.607: RADIUS:  authenticator 88 82 8C BB DC 78 67 76  
    - 36 88 1D 89 2B DC C9 99
Apr  8 17:46:13.607: RADIUS:  User-Name           [1]   14  "unknown_user"
Apr  8 17:46:13.607: RADIUS:  Framed-MTU          [12]  6   1400     
Apr  8 17:46:13.608: RADIUS:  Called-Station-Id   [30]  16  "0005.9a39.0374"
Apr  8 17:46:13.608: RADIUS:  Calling-Station-Id  [31]  16  "0002.8aa6.304f"
Apr  8 17:46:13.608: RADIUS:  Service-Type        [6]   6   Login   [1]
Apr  8 17:46:13.608: RADIUS:  Message-Authenticato[80]  18  *
Apr  8 17:46:13.608: RADIUS:  EAP-Message         [79]  46  
Apr  8 17:46:13.608: RADIUS:  02 44 00 2C 11 01 00 18 02  
    69 C3 F1 B5 90 52 F7    [?D?,?????i????R?]
Apr  8 17:46:13.609: RADIUS:    
    B2 57 FF F0 74 8A 80 59 31 6D C7 30 D3 D0 AF 65     
    [?W??t??Y1m?0???e]
Apr  8 17:46:13.609: RADIUS:   75 6E 6B 6E 6F 77 6E 5F 75 73 65 72
    [unknown_user]
Apr  8 17:46:13.609: RADIUS:  NAS-Port-Type       [61]  6   802.11  
    wireless           [19]
Apr  8 17:46:13.609: RADIUS:  NAS-Port            [5]   6   18  
Apr  8 17:46:13.610: RADIUS:  NAS-IP-Address      [4]   6   10.0.0.102 
Apr  8 17:46:13.610: RADIUS:  Nas-Identifier      [32]  16   
    "labap1200ip102"
Apr  8 17:46:13.622: RADIUS: Received from id 21645/97  
    10.0.0.3:1645, Access-Reject, len 56
Apr  8 17:46:13.622: RADIUS:  authenticator 55 E0 51 EF DA CE F7 78  
    - 92 72 3D 97 8F C7 97 C3
Apr  8 17:46:13.622: RADIUS:  EAP-Message         [79]  6   
Apr  8 17:46:13.623: RADIUS:   04 44 00 04                          [?D??]
Apr  8 17:46:13.623: RADIUS:  Reply-Message       [18]  12  
Apr  8 17:46:13.623: RADIUS:   52 65 6A 65 63 74 65 64 0A 0D  [Rejected??]
Apr  8 17:46:13.623: RADIUS:  Message-Authenticato[80]  18  *
Apr  8 17:46:13.624: RADIUS(0000001D): Received from id 21645/97
Apr  8 17:46:13.624: RADIUS/DECODE: EAP-Message fragments, 4, total 4 bytes
Apr  8 17:46:13.624: RADIUS/DECODE: Reply-Message fragments,  
    10, total 10 bytes
Apr  8 17:46:13.624: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    Received server response: FAIL
Apr  8 17:46:13.625: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    found eap pak in server response
Apr  8 17:46:13.625: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    xecuting Action(SERVER_WAIT,SERVER_FAIL) for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:46:13.625: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Forwarding server message to client 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:46:13.626: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Started timer client_timeout 20 seconds
Apr  8 17:46:13.626: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_client_fail:  
    Authentication failed for 0002.8aa6.304f
Apr  8 17:46:13.626: %DOT11-6-DISASSOC: Interface Dot11Radio0,  
    Deauthenticating Station 0002.8aa6.304f   
Apr  8 17:46:13.626: %DOT11-7-AUTH_FAILED: Station 0002.8aa6.304f  
    Authentication failed

  • No Response from Client — 在本示例中，radius伺服器向AP轉發的AP傳送傳遞消息，然後與客戶端關聯。最終，客戶端不會響應AP。因此，AP在達到最大重試次數後取消其身份驗證。

    客戶端無響應 
    Sep 22 08:42:04: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    Executing Action(SERVER_WAIT,SERVER_PASS) for 0040.96a0.3758
Sep 22 08:42:04: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Forwarding server message to client 0040.96a0.3758
Sep 22 08:42:04: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Started timer client_timeout 30 seconds
Sep 22 08:42:04: %DOT11-6-ASSOC: Interface Dot11Radio0,  
    Station arlit1ad1hd6j91 0040.96a0.3758 Associated KEY_MGMT[NONE]
Sep 22 10:35:10: %DOT11-4-MAXRETRIES: Packet to client  
    0040.96a0.3758 reached max retries, removing the client
Sep 22 10:35:10: %DOT11-6-DISASSOC: Interface Dot11Radio0,  
    Deauthenticating Station 0040.96a0.3758  
    Reason: Previous authentication no longer valid

    AP將獲取質詢響應從radius轉發到客戶端。客戶端不響應並達到最大重試次數，這將導致EAP失敗，並且AP取消對客戶端的身份驗證。

    客戶端無響應 
    Sep 22 10:43:02: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    Received server response: GET_CHALLENGE_RESPONSE
Sep 22 10:43:02: dot11_auth_dot1x_parse_aaa_resp:  
    found eap pak in server response
Sep 22 10:43:02: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    Executing Action(SERVER_WAIT,SERVER_REPLY) for 0040.96a0.3758
Sep 22 10:43:02: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Forwarding server message to client 0040.96a0.3758
Sep 22 10:43:02: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Started timer client_timeout 30 seconds
Sep 22 10:43:05: %DOT11-4-MAXRETRIES: Packet to client 0040.96a0.3758  
    reached max retries, removing the client
Sep 22 10:43:05: Client 0040.96a0.3758 failed: reached maximum retries

    Radius向AP傳送傳遞消息，AP將傳遞消息轉發給客戶端，而客戶端不響應。AP在達到最大重試次數後取消身份驗證。然後客戶端嘗試向AP發出新的身份請求，但AP拒絕此請求，因為客戶端已達到最大重試次數。

    客戶端無響應 
    Sep 22 10:57:08: dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm:  
    Executing Action(SERVER_WAIT,SERVER_PASS) for 0040.96a0.3758
Sep 22 10:57:08: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Forwarding server message to client 0040.96a0.3758
Sep 22 10:57:08: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_response_to_client:  
    Started timer client_timeout 30 seconds
Sep 22 10:57:08: %DOT11-6-ASSOC: Interface Dot11Radio0,  
    Station arlit1ad1hd6j91 0040.96a0.3758 Reassociated KEY_MGMT[NONE]
Sep 22 10:57:10: %DOT11-4-MAXRETRIES: Packet to client  
    0040.96a0.3758 reached max retries, removing the client
Sep 22 10:57:10: %DOT11-6-DISASSOC: Interface Dot11Radio0,  
    Deauthenticating Station0040.96a0.3758 Reason:  
    Previous authentication no longer valid
Sep 22 10:57:15: AAA/BIND(00001954): Bind i/f  
Sep 22 10:57:15: dot11_auth_dot1x_start: in the dot11_auth_dot1x_start
Sep 22 10:57:15: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_id_req_to_client:  
    Sending identity request to 0040.96a0.3758
Sep 22 10:57:15: dot11_auth_dot1x_send_id_req_to_client:  
    Client 0040.96a0.3758 timer started for 30 seconds
Sep 22 10:57:15: %DOT11-4-MAXRETRIES: Packet to client  
    0040.96a0.3758 reached max retries, removing the client
Sep 22 10:57:15: Client 0040.96a0.3758 failed: reached maximum retries

緊接在狀態機器消息前面的process 和/或radius調試顯示故障的詳細資訊。

有關如何配置EAP的詳細資訊，請參閱使用RADIUS伺服器的EAP身份驗證。

MAC身份驗證

以下調試對MAC身份驗證最有幫助：

  • debug radius authentication — 使用外部身份驗證伺服器時，此調試的輸出以以下詞開頭：RADIUS。

  • debug dot11 aaa authenticator mac-authen — 此調試的輸出以以下文本開頭：dot11_auth_dot1x_。

這些調試顯示：

  • 身份驗證對話方塊的RADIUS部分期間報告的內容

  • 給定的MAC地址與進行身份驗證的MAC地址之間的比較

將外部RADIUS伺服器用於MAC位址驗證時，RADIUS偵錯會套用。此關聯的結果是顯示身份驗證伺服器和客戶端之間的實際會話。

當裝置的MAC地址清單作為使用者名稱和密碼資料庫本地構建時，只有mac-auth debugs顯示輸出。當確定地址匹配或不匹配時，將顯示這些輸出。

注意：始終以小寫形式在MAC地址中輸入任何字母字元。

以下範例顯示針對本機資料庫的MAC驗證成功：

成功的MAC身份驗證示例 
Apr  8 19:02:00.109: dot11_auth_mac_start: method_list: mac_methods
Apr  8 19:02:00.109: dot11_auth_mac_start: method_index: 0x4500000B, req: 0xA7626C
Apr  8 19:02:00.109: dot11_auth_mac_start: client->unique_id: 0x28
Apr  8 19:02:00.110: dot11_mac_process_reply: AAA reply for 0002.8aa6.304f PASSED
Apr  8 19:02:00.145: %DOT11-6-ASSOC: Interface Dot11Radio0, Station RKIBBE-W2K4  
    0002.8aa6.304f Associated KEY_MGMT[NONE]

以下範例顯示針對本機資料庫的MAC驗證失敗：

失敗的MAC身份驗證示例 
Apr  8 19:01:22.336: dot11_auth_mac_start: method_list: mac_methods
Apr  8 19:01:22.336: dot11_auth_mac_start: method_index: 0x4500000B,  
    req: 0xA7626C
Apr  8 19:01:22.336: dot11_auth_mac_start: client->unique_id: 0x27
Apr  8 19:01:22.337: dot11_mac_process_reply:  
    AAA reply for 0002.8aa6.304f FAILED
Apr  8 19:01:22.337: %DOT11-7-AUTH_FAILED:  
    Station 0002.8aa6.304f Authentication failed

當MAC地址身份驗證失敗時，檢查在MAC地址中輸入的字元的準確性。確保在MAC地址中輸入了小寫字母字元。

有關如何配置MAC身份驗證的詳細資訊，請參閱配置身份驗證型別(適用於Cisco Aironet接入點的Cisco IOS軟體配置指南，12.2(13)JA)。

WPA

雖然Wi-Fi保護訪問(WPA)不是身份驗證型別，但它是協商協定。

  • WPA在AP和客戶端卡之間進行協商。

  • 在客戶端成功通過身份驗證伺服器進行身份驗證後，WPA金鑰管理將進行協商。

  • WPA通過四向握手協商成對臨時金鑰(PTK)和成組臨時金鑰(GTK)。

注意：由於WPA要求基礎EAP成功，請在使用WPA之前驗證客戶端是否可以成功使用該EAP進行身份驗證。

這些調試對於WPA協商最有幫助：

  • debug dot11 aaa authenticator process — 此調試的輸出以以下文本開頭：dot11_auth_dot1x_。

  • debug dot11 aaa authenticator state-machine — 此調試的輸出以以下文本開頭：dot11_auth_dot1x_run_rfsm。

相對於本文檔中的其他身份驗證，WPA調試易於讀取和分析。應傳送PTK消息並收到適當的回覆。接下來，應傳送GTK消息並接收另一個適當的響應。

如果未傳送PTK或GTK消息，則AP上的配置或軟體級別可能存在故障。如果未收到來自客戶端的PTK或GTK響應，請檢查客戶端卡的WPA請求方上的配置或軟體級別。

成功的WPA協商示例 
labap1200ip102#
Apr  7 16:29:57.908: dot11_dot1x_build_ptk_handshake:  
    building PTK msg 1 for 0030.6527.f74a
Apr  7 16:29:59.190: dot11_dot1x_verify_ptk_handshake:  
    verifying PTK msg 2 from 0030.6527.f74a
Apr  7 16:29:59.191: dot11_dot1x_verify_eapol_header: Warning:  
    Invalid key info (exp=0x381, act=0x109
Apr  7 16:29:59.191: dot11_dot1x_verify_eapol_header: Warning:  
    Invalid key len (exp=0x20, act=0x0)
Apr  7 16:29:59.192: dot11_dot1x_build_ptk_handshake:  
    building PTK msg 3 for 0030.6527.f74a
Apr  7 16:29:59.783: dot11_dot1x_verify_ptk_handshake:  
    verifying PTK msg 4 from 0030.6527.f74a
Apr  7 16:29:59.783: dot11_dot1x_verify_eapol_header: Warning:  
    Invalid key info (exp=0x381, act=0x109
Apr  7 16:29:59.783: dot11_dot1x_verify_eapol_header: Warning:  
    Invalid key len (exp=0x20, act=0x0)
Apr  7 16:29:59.788: dot11_dot1x_build_gtk_handshake:  
    building GTK msg 1 for 0030.6527.f74a
Apr  7 16:29:59.788: dot11_dot1x_build_gtk_handshake:  
    dot11_dot1x_get_multicast_key len 32 index 1
Apr  7 16:29:59.788: dot11_dot1x_hex_dump: GTK:  
    27 CA 88 7D 03 D9 C4 61 FD 4B BE 71 EC F7 43 B5 82 93 57 83 
Apr  7 16:30:01.633: dot11_dot1x_verify_gtk_handshake:  
    verifying GTK msg 2 from 0030.6527.f74a
Apr  7 16:30:01.633: dot11_dot1x_verify_eapol_header:  
    Warning: Invalid key info (exp=0x391, act=0x301
Apr  7 16:30:01.633: dot11_dot1x_verify_eapol_header: Warning:  
    Invalid key len (exp=0x20, act=0x0)
Apr  7 16:30:01.633: %DOT11-6-ASSOC: Interface Dot11Radio0,  
    Station   0030.6527.f74a Associated KEY_MGMT[WPA]
labap1200ip102#

有關如何配置WPA的詳細資訊，請參閱WPA配置概述。

管理/HTTP身份驗證

您可以限制本地使用者名稱和密碼資料庫中列出的使用者或外部身份驗證伺服器對裝置的管理訪問。RADIUS和TACACS+都支援管理存取。

以下調試對於管理身份驗證最有幫助：

  • debug radius authentication或debug tacacs authentication — 此調試的輸出以以下詞之一開頭：RADIUS或TACACS。

  • debug aaa authentication — 此調試的輸出以以下文本開頭：AAA/AUTHEN。

  • debug aaa authorization — 此調試的輸出以以下文本開頭：AAA/作者。

這些調試顯示：

  • 在驗證對話的RADIUS或TACACS部分期間報告的內容

  • 裝置與身份驗證伺服器之間的身份驗證和授權的實際協商

此範例顯示當Service-Type RADIUS屬性設定為Administrative時成功的管理驗證：

具有Service-Type屬性的成功管理身份驗證示例 
Apr 13 19:43:08.030: AAA: parse name=tty2 idb type=-1 tty=-1
Apr 13 19:43:08.030: AAA: name=tty2 flags=0x11 type=5 shelf=0 slot=0 
    adapter=0 port=2 channel=0
Apr 13 19:43:08.031: AAA/MEMORY: create_user (0xA1BB6C) user='NULL' ruser='NULL'  
    ds0=0 port='tty2' rem_addr='10.0.0.25' authen_type=ASCII service=LOGINN
Apr 13 19:43:08.031: AAA/AUTHEN/START (3200017540): port='tty2'  
    list='' action=LOGIN service=LOGIN
Apr 13 19:43:08.031: AAA/AUTHEN/START (3200017540): using "default" list
Apr 13 19:43:08.031: AAA/AUTHEN/START (3200017540):  
    Method=tac_admin (tacacs+)
Apr 13 19:43:08.032: TAC+: send AUTHEN/START packet ver=192 id=3200017540
Apr 13 19:43:08.032: AAA/AUTHEN(3200017540): Status=ERROR
Apr 13 19:43:08.032: AAA/AUTHEN/START (3200017540):  
    Method=rad_admin (radius)
Apr 13 19:43:08.032: AAA/AUTHEN(3200017540): Status=GETUSER
Apr 13 19:43:08.032: AAA/AUTHEN/CONT (3200017540):  
    continue_login (user='(undef)')
Apr 13 19:43:08.032: AAA/AUTHEN(3200017540): Status=GETUSER
Apr 13 19:43:08.032: AAA/AUTHEN(3200017540): Method=rad_admin (radius)
Apr 13 19:43:08.032: AAA/AUTHEN(3200017540): Status=GETPASS
Apr 13 19:43:08.033: AAA/AUTHEN/CONT (3200017540):  
    continue_login (user='aironet')
Apr 13 19:43:08.033: AAA/AUTHEN(3200017540): Status=GETPASS
Apr 13 19:43:08.033: AAA/AUTHEN(3200017540): Method=rad_admin (radius)
Apr 13 19:43:08.033: RADIUS: Pick NAS IP for u=0xA1BB6C tableid=0  
    cfg_addr=10.0.0.102 best_addr=0.0.0.0
Apr 13 19:43:08.033: RADIUS: ustruct sharecount=1
Apr 13 19:43:08.034: Radius: radius_port_info() success=1 radius_nas_port=1
Apr 13 19:43:08.034: RADIUS(00000000): Send Access-Request to 10.0.0.3:1645  
    id 21646/48, len 76
Apr 13 19:43:08.034: RADIUS:  authenticator 91 A0 98 87 C1 FC F2 E7  
    - E7 E4 57 DF 20 D0 82 27
Apr 13 19:43:08.034: RADIUS:  NAS-IP-Address      [4]   6   10.0.0.102 
Apr 13 19:43:08.034: RADIUS:  NAS-Port            [5]   6   2         
Apr 13 19:43:08.035: RADIUS:  NAS-Port-Type       [61]  6   Virtual         [5]
Apr 13 19:43:08.035: RADIUS:  User-Name           [1]   9   "aironet"
Apr 13 19:43:08.035: RADIUS:  Calling-Station-Id  [31]  11  "10.0.0.25"
Apr 13 19:43:08.035: RADIUS:  User-Password       [2]   18  *
Apr 13 19:43:08.042: RADIUS: Received from id 21646/48 10.0.0.3:1645,  
    Access-Accept, len 62
Apr 13 19:43:08.042: RADIUS:  authenticator C9 32 E7 8F 97 5F E6 4C  
    - 6B 90 71 EE ED 2C 2B 2B
Apr 13 19:43:08.042: RADIUS:  Service-Type        [6]   6    
    Administrative            [6]
Apr 13 19:43:08.042: RADIUS:  Framed-IP-Address   [8]   6   255.255.255.255 
Apr 13 19:43:08.042: RADIUS:  Class               [25]  30  
Apr 13 19:43:08.043: RADIUS:   43 49 53 43 4F 41 43 53 3A 30 30 30 30 33 36 36 
    [CISCOACS:0000366]
Apr 13 19:43:08.043: RADIUS:   39 2F 30 61 30 30 30 30 36 36 2F 32
    [9/0a000066/2]
Apr 13 19:43:08.044: RADIUS: saved authorization data for user A1BB6C at B0C260
Apr 13 19:43:08.044: AAA/AUTHEN(3200017540): Status=PASS
Apr 13 19:43:08.044: tty2 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(1763745147):  
    Port='tty2' list='' service=EXEC
Apr 13 19:43:08.044: AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP: tty2(1763745147) user='aironet'
Apr 13 19:43:08.044: tty2 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(1763745147): send AV service=shell
Apr 13 19:43:08.044: tty2 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(1763745147): send AV cmd*
Apr 13 19:43:08.045: tty2 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(1763745147): found list "default"
Apr 13 19:43:08.045: tty2 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(1763745147): Method=tac_admin (tacacs+)
Apr 13 19:43:08.045: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (1763745147): user=aironet
Apr 13 19:43:08.045: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (1763745147): send AV service=shell
Apr 13 19:43:08.045: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (1763745147): send AV cmd*
Apr 13 19:43:08.046: AAA/AUTHOR (1763745147): Post authorization status = ERROR
Apr 13 19:43:08.046: tty2 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(1763745147):  
    Method=rad_admin (radius)
Apr 13 19:43:08.046: AAA/AUTHOR (1763745147):  
    Post authorization status = PASS_ADD
Apr 13 19:43:08.443: AAA/MEMORY: free_user (0xA1BB6C) user='aironet'  
    ruser='NULL' port='tty2' rem_addr='10.0.0.25' authen_type=ASCII service=LOGIN

此示例顯示當您使用供應商特定的屬性傳送「priv-level」語句時成功的管理身份驗證：

具有供應商特定屬性的成功管理身份驗證示例 
Apr 13 19:38:04.699: RADIUS: cisco AVPair ""shell:priv-lvl=15""  
    not applied for shell
Apr 13 19:38:04.699: AAA/AUTHOR (380584213): Post authorization status  
    = PASS_ADD
Apr 13 19:38:04.802: AAA/MEMORY: free_user (0xAA0E38) user='aironet'  
    ruser='NULL' port='tty3' rem_addr='10.0.0.25' authen_type=ASCII  
    service=LOGIN
Apr 13 19:38:04.901: AAA: parse name=tty3 idb type=-1 tty=-1
Apr 13 19:38:04.901: AAA: name=tty3 flags=0x11 type=5 shelf=0 slot=0  
    adapter=0  port=3 channel=0
Apr 13 19:38:04.902: AAA/MEMORY: create_user (0xAA23BC) user='NULL'  
    ruser='NULL' ds0=0 port='tty3' rem_addr='10.0.0.25'  
    authen_type=ASCII service=LOGIN 
Apr 13 19:38:04.902: AAA/AUTHEN/START (1346300140): port='tty3' list=''  
    action=LOGIN service=LOGIN
Apr 13 19:38:04.902: AAA/AUTHEN/START (1346300140): using "default" list
Apr 13 19:38:04.902: AAA/AUTHEN/START (1346300140): Method=tac_admin (tacacs+)
Apr 13 19:38:04.902: TAC+: send AUTHEN/START packet ver=192 id=1346300140
Apr 13 19:38:04.902: AAA/AUTHEN(1346300140): Status=ERROR
Apr 13 19:38:04.902: AAA/AUTHEN/START (1346300140): Method=rad_admin (radius)
Apr 13 19:38:04.902: AAA/AUTHEN(1346300140): Status=GETUSER
Apr 13 19:38:04.903: AAA/AUTHEN/CONT (1346300140): continue_login  
    (user='(undef)')
Apr 13 19:38:04.903: AAA/AUTHEN(1346300140): Status=GETUSER
Apr 13 19:38:04.903: AAA/AUTHEN(1346300140): Method=rad_admin (radius)
Apr 13 19:38:04.904: AAA/AUTHEN(1346300140): Status=GETPASS
Apr 13 19:38:04.904: AAA/AUTHEN/CONT (1346300140): continue_login  
    (user='aironet')
Apr 13 19:38:04.904: AAA/AUTHEN(1346300140): Status=GETPASS
Apr 13 19:38:04.904: AAA/AUTHEN(1346300140): Method=rad_admin (radius)
Apr 13 19:38:04.904: RADIUS: Pick NAS IP for u=0xAA23BC tableid=0  
    cfg_addr=10.0.0.102 best_addr=0.0.0.0
Apr 13 19:38:04.904: RADIUS: ustruct sharecount=1
Apr 13 19:38:04.904: Radius: radius_port_info() success=1 radius_nas_port=1
Apr 13 19:38:04.925: RADIUS(00000000): Send Access-Request to  
    10.0.0.3:1645 id 21646/3, len 76
Apr 13 19:38:04.926: RADIUS:  authenticator 0C DD 2B B7 CA 5E 7C B9  
    - 46 90 FD 7A FD 56 3F 07
Apr 13 19:38:04.926: RADIUS:  NAS-IP-Address      [4]   6   10.0.0.102 
Apr 13 19:38:04.926: RADIUS:  NAS-Port            [5]   6   3    
Apr 13 19:38:04.926: RADIUS:  NAS-Port-Type       [61]  6   Virtual     [5]
Apr 13 19:38:04.926: RADIUS:  User-Name           [1]   9   "aironet"
Apr 13 19:38:04.926: RADIUS:  Calling-Station-Id  [31]  11  "10.0.0.25"
Apr 13 19:38:04.926: RADIUS:  User-Password       [2]   18  *
Apr 13 19:38:04.932: RADIUS: Received from id 21646/3 10.0.0.3:1645,  
    Access-Accept, len 89
Apr 13 19:38:04.933: RADIUS:  authenticator FA A4 31 49 51 87 9D CA  
    - 9D F7 B3 9B EF C2 8B 7E
Apr 13 19:38:04.933: RADIUS:  Vendor, Cisco       [26]  27  
Apr 13 19:38:04.933: RADIUS:   Cisco AVpair     [1]   21  ""shell:priv-lvl=15""
Apr 13 19:38:04.934: RADIUS:  Service-Type        [6]   6   Login       [1]
Apr 13 19:38:04.934: RADIUS:  Framed-IP-Address   [8]   6   255.255.255.255 
Apr 13 19:38:04.934: RADIUS:  Class               [25]  30  
Apr 13 19:38:04.934: RADIUS:   43 49 53 43 4F 41 43 53 3A 30 30 30 30 33 36 33
    [CISCOACS:0000363]
Apr 13 19:38:04.934: RADIUS:   61 2F 30 61 30 30 30 30 36 36 2F 33   
    [a/0a000066/3]
Apr 13 19:38:05.634: AAA/AUTHOR (3854191802): Post authorization  
    status = PASS_ADD
Apr 13 19:38:05.917: AAA/MEMORY: free_user (0xA9D054) user='aironet'  
    ruser='NULL' port='tty2' rem_addr='10.0.0.25' authen_type=ASCII  
    service=LOGIN priv=0

管理身份驗證最常見的問題是未能將身份驗證伺服器配置為傳送適當的許可權級別或管理服務型別屬性。此示例嘗試管理身份驗證失敗，因為未傳送許可權級別屬性或管理服務型別屬性：

沒有特定於供應商或服務型別的屬性 
Apr 13 20:02:59.516: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(2007927065): Port='tty3'  
    list='' service=EXEC
Apr 13 20:02:59.516: AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP: tty3(2007927065) user='aironet'
Apr 13 20:02:59.516: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(2007927065): send AV service=shell
Apr 13 20:02:59.516: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(2007927065): send AV cmd*
Apr 13 20:02:59.516: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(2007927065): found list "default"
Apr 13 20:02:59.516: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(2007927065): Method=tac_admin (tacacs+)
Apr 13 20:02:59.516: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (2007927065): user=aironet
Apr 13 20:02:59.516: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (2007927065): send AV service=shell
Apr 13 20:02:59.516: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (2007927065): send AV cmd*
Apr 13 20:02:59.516: AAA/AUTHOR (2007927065): Post authorization status = ERROR
Apr 13 20:02:59.517: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(2007927065): Method=rad_admin (radius)
Apr 13 20:02:59.517: AAA/AUTHOR (2007927065): Post authorization status = PASS_ADD
Apr 13 20:02:59.561: AAA/MEMORY: free_user (0xA756E8) user='aironet'  
    ruser='NULL' port='tty2' rem_addr='10.0.0.25' authen_type=ASCII  
    service=LOGIN priv=0  vrf= (id=0)
Apr 13 20:02:59.620: AAA/MEMORY: free_user (0x9E5B04) user='aironet'  
    ruser='NULL'  port='tty3' rem_addr='10.0.0.25' authen_type=ASCII  
    service=LOGIN priv=0 vrf= (id=0)
Apr 13 20:03:04.501: AAA: parse name=tty2 idb type=-1 tty=-1
Apr 13 20:03:04.501: AAA: name=tty2 flags=0x11 type=5 shelf=0 slot=0 adapter=0  
    port=2 channel=0
Apr 13 20:03:04.502: AAA/MEMORY: create_user (0xA9C7A4) user='NULL'  
    ruser='NULL' ds0=0 port='tty2' rem_addr='10.0.0.25' authen_type=ASCII  
    service=LOGIN priv=0
Apr 13 20:03:04.502: AAA/AUTHEN/START (377202642): port='tty2' list=''  
    action=LOGIN service=LOGIN
Apr 13 20:03:04.502: AAA/AUTHEN/START (377202642): using "default" list
Apr 13 20:03:04.503: AAA/AUTHEN/START (377202642): Method=tac_admin (tacacs+)
Apr 13 20:03:04.503: TAC+: send AUTHEN/START packet ver=192 id=377202642
Apr 13 20:03:04.503: AAA/AUTHEN(377202642): Status=ERROR
Apr 13 20:03:04.503: AAA/AUTHEN/START (377202642): Method=rad_admin (radius)
Apr 13 20:03:04.503: AAA/AUTHEN(377202642): Status=GETUSER
Apr 13 20:03:04.503: AAA/AUTHEN/CONT (377202642): continue_login (user='(undef)')
Apr 13 20:03:04.503: AAA/AUTHEN(377202642): Status=GETUSER
Apr 13 20:03:04.503: AAA/AUTHEN(377202642): Method=rad_admin (radius)
Apr 13 20:03:04.503: AAA/AUTHEN(377202642): Status=GETPASS
Apr 13 20:03:04.504: AAA/AUTHEN/CONT (377202642): continue_login (user='aironet')
Apr 13 20:03:04.504: AAA/AUTHEN(377202642): Status=GETPASS
Apr 13 20:03:04.504: AAA/AUTHEN(377202642): Method=rad_admin (radius)
Apr 13 20:03:04.504: RADIUS: Pick NAS IP for u=0xA9C7A4 tableid=0  
    cfg_addr=10.0.0.102 best_addr=0.0.0.0
Apr 13 20:03:04.505: RADIUS: ustruct sharecount=1
Apr 13 20:03:04.505: Radius: radius_port_info() success=1 radius_nas_port=1
Apr 13 20:03:04.505: RADIUS(00000000): Send Access-Request to 10.0.0.3:1645  
    id 21646/59, len 76
Apr 13 20:03:04.505: RADIUS:  authenticator 0F BD 81 17 8F C5 1C B4  
    - 84 1C 66 4D CF D4 96 03
Apr 13 20:03:04.505: RADIUS:  NAS-IP-Address      [4]   6   10.0.0.102
Apr 13 20:03:04.506: RADIUS:  NAS-Port            [5]   6   2    
Apr 13 20:03:04.506: RADIUS:  NAS-Port-Type       [61]  6   Virtual           [5]
Apr 13 20:03:04.506: RADIUS:  User-Name           [1]   9   "aironet"
Apr 13 20:03:04.506: RADIUS:  Calling-Station-Id  [31]  11  "10.0.0.25"
Apr 13 20:03:04.507: RADIUS:  User-Password       [2]   18  *
Apr 13 20:03:04.513: RADIUS: Received from id 21646/59 10.0.0.3:1645,  
    Access-Accept, len 56
Apr 13 20:03:04.513: RADIUS:  authenticator BB F0 18 78 33 D0 DE D3  
    - 8B E9 E0 EE 2A 33 92 B5
Apr 13 20:03:04.513: RADIUS:  Framed-IP-Address   [8]   6   255.255.255.255
Apr 13 20:03:04.513: RADIUS:  Class               [25]  30  
Apr 13 20:03:04.514: RADIUS:   43 49 53 43 4F 41 43 53 3A 30 30 30 30 33 36 38   
    [CISCOACS:0000368]
Apr 13 20:03:04.514: RADIUS:   33 2F 30 61 30 30 30 30 36 36 2F 32 
    [3/0a000066/2]
Apr 13 20:03:04.515: RADIUS: saved authorization data for user A9C7A4 at A9C99C
Apr 13 20:03:04.515: AAA/AUTHEN(377202642): Status=PASS
Apr 13 20:03:04.515: tty2 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(2202245138): Port='tty2' list=''  
    service=EXEC
Apr 13 20:03:04.515: AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP: tty2(2202245138) user='aironet'
Apr 13 20:03:04.515: tty2 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(2202245138): send AV service=shell
Apr 13 20:03:04.515: tty2 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(2202245138): send AV cmd*
Apr 13 20:03:04.515: tty2 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(2202245138): found list "default"
Apr 13 20:03:04.516: tty2 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(2202245138): Method=tac_admin (tacacs+)
Apr 13 20:03:04.516: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (2202245138): user=aironet
Apr 13 20:03:04.516: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (2202245138): send AV service=shell
Apr 13 20:03:04.516: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (2202245138): send AV cmd*
Apr 13 20:03:04.517: AAA/AUTHOR (2202245138): Post authorization status = ERROR
Apr 13 20:03:04.517: tty2 AAA/AUTHOR/HTTP(2202245138): Method=rad_admin (radius)
Apr 13 20:03:04.517: AAA/AUTHOR (2202245138): Post authorization status  
    = PASS_ADD
Apr 13 20:03:04.619: AAA/MEMORY: free_user (0xA9C7A4) user='aironet'  
    ruser='NULL' port='tty2' rem_addr='10.0.0.25' authen_type=ASCII  
    service=LOGIN priv=0 vrf=

有關如何配置管理身份驗證的詳細資訊，請參閱管理接入點(適用於Cisco Aironet接入點的Cisco IOS軟體配置指南，12.2(13)JA)。

有關如何為身份驗證伺服器上的使用者配置管理許可權的詳細資訊，請參閱示例配置：HTTP伺服器使用者的本地身份驗證。檢查與您使用的身份驗證協定匹配的部分。

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修訂 發佈日期 意見
1.0
01-Feb-2007
初始版本

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