OSPF如何將外部路由傳播到多個區域

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已更新: 2005 年 8 月 10 日

文件 ID:47865

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關於此翻譯

思科已使用電腦和人工技術翻譯本文件，讓全世界的使用者能夠以自己的語言理解支援內容。請注意，即使是最佳機器翻譯，也不如專業譯者翻譯的內容準確。Cisco Systems, Inc. 對這些翻譯的準確度概不負責，並建議一律查看原始英文文件（提供連結）。

必要條件

設定

本節提供用於設定本文件中所述功能的資訊。

注意：要查詢有關本文檔中使用的命令的其他資訊，請使用命令查詢工具(僅限註冊客戶)。

組態

本檔案會使用此處顯示的組態。

路由器1.1.1.1
路由器2.2.2.2
路由器3.3.3.3

路由器1.1.1.1
Current configuration: hostname r1.1.1.1 interface Loopback0 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 interface Serial2/1/0 ip address 5.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 interface Ethernet2/0/0 ip address 4.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 router ospf 4 redistribute static metric 5 metric-type 1 network 5.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 network 4.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 ip route 9.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 4.0.0.2 end

路由器1.1.1.1

Current configuration:

hostname r1.1.1.1

interface Loopback0
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

interface Serial2/1/0
 ip address 5.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

interface Ethernet2/0/0
 ip address 4.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
 
router ospf 4
 redistribute static metric 5 metric-type 1
 network 5.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1
 network 4.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1

ip route 9.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 4.0.0.2

end

路由器2.2.2.2
Current configuration: hostname r2.2.2.2 interface Loopback0 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.0.0.0 interface Serial0/1/0 ip address 5.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 interface ATM1/0.20 ip address 6.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 router ospf 2 network 5.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 network 6.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 end

路由器2.2.2.2

Current configuration:

hostname r2.2.2.2

interface Loopback0
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.0.0.0
 
interface Serial0/1/0
 ip address 5.0.0.2 255.0.0.0

interface ATM1/0.20
 ip address 6.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
 
router ospf 2
 network 5.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1
 network 6.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

end

路由器3.3.3.3
Current configuration: hostname r3.3.3.3 interface Loopback0 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.0.0.0 interface ATM2/0.20 point-to-point ip address 6.0.0.3 255.0.0.0 router ospf 2 network 6.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 end

路由器3.3.3.3

Current configuration:

hostname r3.3.3.3

interface Loopback0
 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.0.0.0

interface ATM2/0.20 point-to-point
 ip address 6.0.0.3 255.0.0.0
 
router ospf 2
 network 6.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

end

驗證

本節提供的資訊可用於確認您的組態是否正常運作。

輸出直譯器工具(僅供註冊客戶使用)支援某些show命令，此工具可讓您檢視show命令輸出的分析。

show ip ospf database — 顯示鏈路狀態通告(LSA)清單並將它們鍵入到鏈路狀態資料庫中。此清單僅顯示LSA報頭中的資訊。
show ip ospf database [router] [link-state-id] — 顯示資料庫中路由器的所有LSA的清單。LSA由每台路由器生成。這些基本LSA列出了路由器的所有鏈路或介面，以及鏈路的狀態和傳出成本。它們只被淹沒在它們所發源的地區。
show ip ospf database summary <link-state id> — 顯示區域邊界路由器(ABR)摘要鏈路。
show ip ospf database external — 僅顯示關於外部LSA的資訊。
show ip ospf database asbr-summary — 僅顯示關於自治系統邊界路由器摘要LSA的資訊。

檢查OSPF資料庫

此輸出使用show ip ospf database命令顯示給定此網路環境的OSPF資料庫外觀。

r2.2.2.2#show ip ospf database
  
       OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 2) 
  
                Router Link States (Area 0) 
  
Link ID    ADV Router    Age    Seq#          Checksum   Link count 
2.2.2.2    2.2.2.2       93     0x80000020    0xCD0B         2 
3.3.3.3    3.3.3.3       1225   0x8000000D    0x9057         2 
  
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0) 
  
Link ID    ADV Router    Age   Seq#           Checksum 
4.0.0.0     2.2.2.2      73    0x80000001     0xFFE6 
5.0.0.0     2.2.2.2      1651  0x80000006     0x8466 
  
                Summary ASB Link States (Area 0) 
  
Link ID   ADV Router    Age   Seq#           Checksum 
1.1.1.1    2.2.2.2      74    0x80000001     0x935C 
  
                Router Link States (Area 1) 
  
Link ID   ADV Router   Age   Seq#         Checksum    Link count 
1.1.1.1   1.1.1.1      89    0x80000011   0xFF59          3 
2.2.2.2   2.2.2.2      88    0x80000033   0x2130          2 
  
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1) 
  
Link ID   ADV Router  Age    Seq#         Checksum 
6.0.0.0   2.2.2.2     94     0x8000001F   0xCC43 
  
                Type-5 AS External Link States 
  
Link ID   ADV Router   Age   Seq#         Checksum   Tag 
9.0.0.0   1.1.1.1      135   0x80000001   0x3AE8      0

為了將外部路由通告到OSPF，自治系統邊界路由器(ASBR)建立（型別5）外部LSA。

r2.2.2.2#show ip ospf database external 9.0.0.0
          OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 2)
                   Type-5 AS External Link States
     Routing Bit Set on this LSA
     LS age: 286
     Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
     LS Type: AS External Link
     Link State ID: 9.0.0.0 (External Network Number )
  
!--- 9.0.0.0/8 is advertised by the !--- ASBR (Router 1.1.1.1).

   Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1
   LS Seq Number: 80000001
   Checksum: 0x3AE8
   Length: 36
   Network Mask: /8
         Metric Type: 1 (Comparable directly to link state metric)
         TOS: 0
         Metric: 5
         Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
		  
!--- Forwarding address is not specified since there !--- are no OSPF neighbors on Router 1.1.1.1's Ethernet. !--- When the forward address is 0.0.0.0, this means that !--- the traffic for this network is to be sent to the !--- advertising router (1.1.1.1).
 
External Route Tag: 0

為了將ASBR的可達性通告到其他區域，ABR會建立（型別4）ASBR摘要LSA。

r2.2.2.2#show ip ospf database asbr-summary 1.1.1.1 
  
       OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 2) 
  
                Summary ASB Link States (Area 0) 
  
  LS age: 266 
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) 
  LS Type: Summary Links(AS Boundary Router) 
  Link State ID: 1.1.1.1 (AS Boundary Router address)
  
!--- ABR (Router 2.2.2.2) is advertising that it knows how !--- to reach the ASBR (Router 1.1.1.1). 

  Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2 
  LS Seq Number: 80000001 
  Checksum: 0x935C 
  Length: 28 
  Network Mask: /0 
        TOS: 0  Metric: 64
		
!--- The ABR's cost to reach the ASBR.

ABR（路由器2.2.2.2）安裝了從ASBR（路由器1.1.1.1）獲知的外部路由，並從區域1將外部LSA泛洪到區域0。（外部LSA泛洪到所有區域，未經更改。）但是，ASBR不在區域0中。區域0中的路由器不知道如何到達ASBR。這就是為什麼ABR建立ASBR彙總LSA並將路由器1.1.1.1的可達性通告到區域0的原因。

注意：提供下一組輸出只是為了提供此示例設定中OSPF資料庫的更多詳細資訊。如果您熟悉此資訊，請跳至計算最短路徑部分。


r2.2.2.2#show ip ospf database router 1.1.1.1 
  
       OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 2) 
  
                Router Link States (Area 1) 
  
  Routing Bit Set on this LSA 
  LS age: 109 
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) 
  LS Type: Router Links 
  Link State ID: 1.1.1.1
  
!--- For router links, Link State Id is always the !--- same as the Advertising Router. 

  Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1
  
!--- This is the router ID of the router that created !--- this LSA. 

  LS Seq Number: 80000011 
  Checksum: 0xFF59 
  Length: 60 
  AS Boundary Router
  
!--- Bit E in the router LSA indicates that this !--- router originates external LSAs. 

   Number of Links: 3
   
!--- There are three links in area 1. 

  
    Link connected to: a Stub Network
	
!--- This line represents the Ethernet segment !--- 4.0.0.0/8.
 
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 4.0.0.0 
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.0.0.0 
      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
       TOS 0 Metrics: 10
	   
!--- OSPF cost of the Ethernet segment. 

  
    Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
	
!--- This line shows that Router 1.1.1.1 is a !--- neighbor with Router 2.2.2.2. 

     (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 2.2.2.2 
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 5.0.0.1
	 
!--- The interface address that connects to !--- Router 2.2.2.2 is 5.0.0.1.
 
      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
       TOS 0 Metrics: 64
	   
!--- OSPF cost of the link connecting the two routers. 

  
    Link connected to: a Stub Network
	
!--- This line represents the serial link 5.0.0.0/8. 

     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 5.0.0.0 
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.0.0.0 
      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
       TOS 0 Metrics: 64
	   
!--- OSPF cost of the serial link. 

  
r2.2.2.2#show ip ospf database router 2.2.2.2 
  
       OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 2) 
  
                Router Link States (Area 0) 
  
  LS age: 135 
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) 
  LS Type: Router Links 
  Link State ID: 2.2.2.2 
  Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2 
  LS Seq Number: 80000020 
  Checksum: 0xCD0B 
  Length: 48 
  Area Border Router
   Number of Links: 2
  
    Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point) 
     (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 3.3.3.3 
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 6.0.0.2 
      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1 
  
    Link connected to: a Stub Network 
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 6.0.0.0 
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.0.0.0 
      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1 
  
  
                Router Link States (Area 1) 
  
  LS age: 130 
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) 
  LS Type: Router Links 
  Link State ID: 2.2.2.2 
  Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2 
  LS Seq Number: 80000033 
  Checksum: 0x2130 
  Length: 48 
  Area Border Router
   Number of Links: 2
  
    Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point) 
     (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 1.1.1.1 
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 5.0.0.2 
      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
       TOS 0 Metrics: 64 
  
    Link connected to: a Stub Network 
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 5.0.0.0 
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.0.0.0 
      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
       TOS 0 Metrics: 64 
  

r2.2.2.2#show ip ospf database router 3.3.3.3 
  
       OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 2) 
  
                Router Link States (Area 0) 
  
  LS age: 1280 
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) 
  LS Type: Router Links 
  Link State ID: 3.3.3.3 
  Advertising Router: 3.3.3.3 
  LS Seq Number: 8000000D 
  Checksum: 0x9057 
  Length: 48 
   Number of Links: 2 
  
    Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point) 
     (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 2.2.2.2 
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 6.0.0.3 
      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1 
  
    Link connected to: a Stub Network 
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 6.0.0.0 
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.0.0.0 
      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1

要將路由從一個區域通告到另一個區域，ABR會建立（型別3）彙總LSA。

r2.2.2.2#show ip ospf database summary 4.0.0.0 
  
       OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 2) 
  
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0) 
  
  LS age: 184 
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) 
  LS Type: Summary Links(Network) 
  Link State ID: 4.0.0.0 (summary Network Number)
  
!--- 4.0.0.0/8 is advertised into area 0 by !--- the ABR (Router 2.2.2.2).
 
  Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2 
  LS Seq Number: 80000001 
  Checksum: 0xFFE6 
  Length: 28 
  Network Mask: /8 
        TOS: 0  Metric: 74 



r2.2.2.2#show ip ospf database summary 5.0.0.0 
  
       OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 2) 
  
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0) 
  
  LS age: 1768 
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) 
  LS Type: Summary Links(Network) 
  Link State ID: 5.0.0.0 (summary Network Number)
 
 !--- 5.0.0.0/8 is advertised into area 0 by !--- the ABR (Router 2.2.2.2). 

  Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2 
  LS Seq Number: 80000006 
  Checksum: 0x8466 
  Length: 28 
  Network Mask: /8 
        TOS: 0  Metric: 64 



r2.2.2.2#show ip ospf database summary 6.0.0.0 
  
       OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 2) 
  
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1) 
  
  LS age: 216 
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) 
  LS Type: Summary Links(Network) 
  Link State ID: 6.0.0.0
  
!--- 6.0.0.0/8 is advertised into area 1 by the ABR(2.2.2.2).
 
  Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2 
  LS Seq Number: 8000001F 
  Checksum: 0xCC43 
  Length: 28 
  Network Mask: /8 
        TOS: 0  Metric: 1

計算最短路徑

本節從路由器3.3.3.3的角度計算最短路徑。

路由器3.3.3.3在自己的LSA中查詢，發現路由器2.2.2.2是鄰居。然後它會檢視路由器2.2.2.2的LSA，以檢驗路由器2.2.2.2是否將路由器3.3.3.3視為鄰居。如果兩台路由器都視彼此為鄰居，則認為它們是可到達的。

每台路由器還檢查其本地鄰居表(可以使用show ip ospf neighbor命令檢視)，以檢驗其介面和鄰居的介面是否位於公用IP子網中。

注意：未對未編號的介面執行此檢查。

如果介面位於同一個子網上，則路由器會為其鄰居的路由器LSA中列出的任何末節網路安裝路由。在本例中，60.0.0.0/8是區域0中路由器2.2.2.2的LSA中列出的唯一末節網路，路由器3.3.3.3已直接連線到該末節網路。

檢查區域0中的所有可到達路由器LSA後，路由器3.3.3.3檢查資料庫中的彙總LSA。它會找到4.0.0.0/8和5.0.0.0/8的彙總LSA。如果Router 3.3.3.3知道如何到達建立彙總LSA的通告路由器，它會將該路由安裝到其路由表中。在我們的示例中，通告路由器是Router 2.2.2.2，路由器3.3.3.3知道如何到達該路由器。它會將4.0.0.0/8和5.0.0.0/8的路由安裝到其路由表中。這些路由的度量是到達通告路由器的度量加上彙總LSA的度量。根據到達為其生成彙總LSA的區域內或區域間路由的開銷計算彙總LSA的度量。

在計算所有內部OSPF路由（區域內和區域間）後，Router 3.3.3.3檢查外部LSA。它首先檢查由ASBR 1.1.1.1建立的外部LSA 9.0.0.0/8，然後計算如何到達ASBR。路由器3.3.3.3檢查ABR（路由器2.2.2.2）為路由器1.1.1.1建立的ASBR彙總LSA。執行此操作後，路由器3.3.3.3知道可以通過ABR到達ASBR。因此，Router 3.3.3.3在其路由表中安裝9.0.0.0/8的路由。在我們的示例中，它是E1路由，因此其度量是路由器3.3.3.3到達ABR的度量，加上到達ASBR的ABR度量，再加上外部LSA的度量。

此輸出顯示了所描述每台路由器的路由表中的OSPF路由。

r3.3.3.3#
show ip route ospf
 
O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/75] via 6.0.0.2, 00:07:59, ATM2/0.20 
O IA 5.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 6.0.0.2, 00:07:59, ATM2/0.20 
O E1 9.0.0.0/8 [110/70] via 6.0.0.2, 00:07:59, ATM2/0.20 
  

r2.2.2.2#show ip route ospf 
O    4.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 5.0.0.1, 00:06:55, Serial0/1/0 
O E1 9.0.0.0/8 [110/69] via 5.0.0.1, 00:06:55, Serial0/1/0 
  

r1.1.1.1#show ip route 9.0.0.0 
Routing entry for 9.0.0.0/8 
  Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0 
  Redistributing via ospf 4 
  Advertised by ospf 4 metric 5 metric-type 1 
  Routing Descriptor Blocks: 
  * 4.0.0.2 
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1

疑難排解

目前尚無適用於此組態的具體疑難排解資訊。

OSPF如何將外部路由傳播到多個區域

下載選項

無偏見用語

關於此翻譯

目錄

簡介

必要條件

需求

採用元件

慣例

設定

網路圖表

組態

驗證

檢查OSPF資料庫

計算最短路徑

疑難排解

相關資訊

修訂記錄

貢獻者

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