在Cisco IOS XE裝置上配置VXLAN功能

簡介

本檔案介紹Cisco IOS® XE裝置的基本配置和故障排除。

必要條件

需求

思科建議您瞭解以下主題：

• 對DCI重疊和多播的基本瞭解

採用元件

本文中的資訊係根據以下軟體和硬體版本：

• ASR1004運行軟體03.16.00.S
• 執行軟體3.16.03.S的CSR100v(VXE)

本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中，請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。

背景資訊

虛擬可擴充區域網路(VXLAN)作為資料中心互連(DCI)解決方案日漸流行。VXLAN功能用於在第3層/公共路由域上提供第2層擴展。本檔案將討論Cisco IOS XE裝置上的基本組態和疑難排解。

本文的「設定」和「驗證」一節涵蓋兩種情況：

• 案例A說明以多點傳送模式在三個資料中心之間設定VXLAN。
• 案例B說明以單點傳播模式在兩個資料中心之間配置VXLAN。

設定

場景A：在組播模式的三個資料中心之間配置VXLAN

基本配置

組播模式要求站點之間的單播和組播連線。本配置指南使用開放最短路徑優先(OSPF)提供單播連線，使用雙向協定無關組播(PIM)提供組播連線。

以下是所有三個資料中心組播操作模式的基本配置：

!
DC1#show run | sec ospf
router ospf 1
network 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 10.10.10.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
!

PIM雙向配置：

!
DC1#show run | sec pim
ip pim bidir-enable
ip pim send-rp-discovery scope 10
ip pim bsr-candidate Loopback1 0
ip pim rp-candidate Loopback1 group-list 10 bidir
!
access-list 10 permit 239.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
!
DC1#
!

此外，所有第3層介面都啟用PIM稀疏模式，包括環回：

!
DC1#show run interface lo1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 83 bytes
!
interface Loopback1
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
end

此外，請確保在您的裝置上啟用組播路由，並且您看到正在填充的組播路由表。

網路圖表

支援單播和組播的Internet

DC1(VTEP1)配置

!
!
Vxlan udp port 1024
!
Interface Loopback1
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!

在橋接域配置下定義VNI成員和成員介面：

!
bridge-domain 1
member vni 6001
member FastEthernet0/1/7 service-instance 1
!

建立網路虛擬介面(NVE)並定義需要通過WAN擴展到其他資料中心的VNI成員：

!
interface nve1
no ip address
shut
member vni 6001 mcast-group 10.0.0.10
!
source-interface Loopback1
!

透過LAN介面（也就是連線LAN網路的介面）建立服務例項，以重疊特定VLAN（802.1q標籤的流量） — 在本案例中，VLAN 1:

!
interface FastEthernet0/1/7
no ip address
negotiation auto
cdp enable
no shut
!

在通過重疊傳送流量之前刪除VLAN標籤，並在將返回流量傳送到VLAN之後將其推送：

!
service instance 1 ethernet
encapsulation unagged
!

DC2(VTEP2)配置

!
!
Vxlan udp port 1024
!
interface Loopback1
ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
!
bridge-domain 1
member vni 6001
member FastEthernet0/1/3 service-instance 1
!
!
interface nve1
no ip address
member vni 6001 mcast-group 10.0.0.10
!
source-interface Loopback1
shut
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/1/3
no ip address
negotiation auto
cdp enable
no shut
!
service instance 1 ethernet
encapsulation untagged
!

DC3(VTEP3)配置

!
!
Vxlan udp port 1024
!
interface Loopback1
ip address 10.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
!
bridge-domain 1
member vni 6001
member GigabitEthernet2 service-instance 1
!
interface nve1
no ip address
shut
member vni 6001 mcast-group 10.0.0.10
!
source-interface Loopback1
!
interface gig2
no ip address
negotiation auto
cdp enable
no shut
!
service instance 1 ethernet
encapsulation untagged
!

場景B：以單播模式在兩個資料中心之間配置VXLAN

網路圖表

通過WAN的單播連線

DC1配置

!
interface nve1
no ip address
member vni 6001
! ingress replication shold be configured as peer data centers loopback IP address. 
!
ingress-replication 10.2.2.2       
!
source-interface Loopback1
!
!
interface gig0/2/1
no ip address
negotiation auto
cdp enable
!
service instance 1 ethernet
encapsulation untagged

!
!
!
bridge-domain 1
member vni 6001
member gig0/2/1 service-instance 1

DC2配置

! 
interface nve1
no ip address
member vni 6001
ingress-replication 10.1.1.1
!
source-interface Loopback1
!

!
interface gig5
no ip address
negotiation auto
cdp enable
!
service instance 1 ethernet
encapsulation untagged

!
!
bridge-domain 1
member vni 6001
member gig5 service-instance 1

驗證

場景A：在組播模式的三個資料中心之間配置VXLAN

完成場景A的配置後，每個資料中心中連線的主機必須能夠在同一廣播域內相互通訊。

使用這些命令驗證配置。場景B下提供了一些示例。

Router#show nve vni
Router#show nve vni interface nve1
Router#show nve interface nve1
Router#show nve interface nve1 detail
Router#show nve peers

場景B：以單播模式在兩個資料中心之間配置VXLAN

在DC1上：

DC1#show nve vni
Interface    VNI     Multicast-group    VNI state
nve1        6001           N/A               Up

DC1#show nve interface nve1 detail
Interface: nve1, State: Admin Up, Oper Up Encapsulation: Vxlan
source-interface: Loopback1    (primary:10.1.1.1 vrf:0)
Pkts In     Bytes In      Pkts Out     Bytes Out
60129       6593586        55067        5303698

DC1#show nve peers
Interface     Peer-IP      VNI        Peer state
nve1          10.2.2.2       6000          -

在DC2上：

DC2#show nve vni
Interface VNI Multicast-group VNI state
nve1 6000 N/A Up

DC2#show nve interface nve1 detail
Interface: nve1, State: Admin Up, Oper Up Encapsulation: Vxlan
source-interface: Loopback1 (primary:10.2.2.2 vrf:0)
Pkts In Bytes In Pkts Out Bytes Out
70408 7921636 44840 3950835

DC2#show nve peers
Interface Peer-IP VNI Peer state
nve 10.1.1.1 6000 Up

DC2#show bridge-domain 1
Bridge-domain 1 (3 ports in all)
State: UP Mac learning: Enabled
Aging-Timer: 300 second(s)
BDI1 (up)
GigabitEthernet0/2/1 service instance 1
vni 6001
AED MAC address Policy Tag Age Pseudoport
0 7CAD.74FF.2F66 forward dynamic 281 nve1.VNI6001, VxLAN src: 10.1.1.1 dst: 10.2.2.2
0 B838.6130.DA80 forward dynamic 288 nve1.VNI6001, VxLAN src: 10.1.1.1 dst: 10.2.2.2
0 0050.56AD.1AD8 forward dynamic 157 nve1.VNI6001, VxLAN src: 10.1.1.1 dst: 10.2.2.2


疑難排解

「驗證」部分中描述的命令提供了基本的故障排除步驟。當系統不工作時，這些附加診斷程式可能非常有用。

偵錯診斷

#debug nve error
*Jan 4 20:00:54.993: NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for mcast nodes cast nodes
*Jan 4 20:00:54.993: NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for mcast nodes cast nodes
*Jan 4 20:00:54.995: NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for peer nodes eer nodes
*Jan 4 20:00:54.995: NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for peer nodes


#show nve log error
[01/01/70 00:04:34.130 UTC 1 3] NVE-MGR-STATE ERROR: vni 6001: error in create notification to Tunnel
[01/01/70 00:04:34.314 UTC 2 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force up successful for mcast nodes
[01/01/70 00:04:34.326 UTC 3 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force up successful for peer nodes
[01/01/70 01:50:59.650 UTC 4 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for mcast nodes
[01/01/70 01:50:59.654 UTC 5 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for peer nodes
[01/01/70 01:50:59.701 UTC 6 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force up successful for mcast nodes
[01/01/70 01:50:59.705 UTC 7 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force up successful for peer nodes
[01/01/70 01:54:55.166 UTC 8 61] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for mcast nodes
[01/01/70 01:54:55.168 UTC 9 61] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for peer nodes
[01/01/70 01:55:04.432 UTC A 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force up successful for mcast nodes
[01/01/70 01:55:04.434 UTC B 3] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force up successful for peer nodes
[01/01/70 01:55:37.670 UTC C 61] NVE-MGR-PEER ERROR: Intf state force down successful for mcast nodes


#show nve log event
[01/04/70 19:48:51.883 UTC 1DD16 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6001 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:48:51.884 UTC 1DD17 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020010] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:48:51.884 UTC 1DD18 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6001 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:01.884 UTC 1DD19 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020010] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:01.884 UTC 1DD1A 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6001 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:01.885 UTC 1DD1B 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020010] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:01.885 UTC 1DD1C 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6001 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:11.886 UTC 1DD1D 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020010] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:11.886 UTC 1DD1E 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6001 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:11.887 UTC 1DD1F 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020010] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:11.887 UTC 1DD20 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6001 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]
[01/04/70 19:49:21.884 UTC 1DD21 68] NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020010] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B68]


嵌入式封包擷取

Cisco IOS XE軟體中提供的嵌入式資料包捕獲(EPC)功能可提供更多故障排除資訊。

例如，此擷取說明以VXLAN封裝的封包：

EPC配置（TEST_ACL是用於過濾捕獲資料的訪問清單）：

#monitor capture TEST access-list TEST_ACL interface gigabitEthernet0/2/0 both   

#monitor capture TEST buffer size 10

#monitor capture TEST start 

以下是得出的資料包轉儲：

# show monitor capture TEST buffer dump

# monitor capture TEST export bootflash:TEST.pcap       // with this command
you can export the capture in pcap format to the bootflash,
which can be downloaded and opened in wireshark.

以下範例說明簡易網際網路控制訊息通訊協定(ICMP)如何在VXLAN上運作。

透過VXLAN重疊傳送的位址解析通訊協定(ARP):

ARP響應：

 ICMP請求：

ICMP響應：

其他調試和故障排除命令

本節介紹一些更多的debug和故障排除命令。

在本例中，調試的突出顯示部分顯示NVE介面無法加入組播組。因此，未為VNI 6002啟用VXLAN封裝。這些調試結果指向網路上的組播問題。

#debug nve all
*Jan 5 06:13:55.844: NVE-MGR-DB: creating mcast node for 10.0.0.10 
*Jan 5 06:13:55.846: NVE-MGR-MCAST: IGMP add for (0.0.0.0,10.0.0.10) was failure
*Jan 5 06:13:55.846: NVE-MGR-DB ERROR: Unable to join mcast core tree
*Jan 5 06:13:55.846: NVE-MGR-DB ERROR: Unable to join mcast core tree
*Jan 5 06:13:55.846: NVE-MGR-STATE ERROR: vni 6002: error in create notification to mcast
*Jan 5 06:13:55.846: NVE-MGR-STATE ERROR: vni 6002: error in create notification to mcast
*Jan 5 06:13:55.849: NVE-MGR-TUNNEL: Tunnel Endpoint 10.0.0.10 added
*Jan 5 06:13:55.849: NVE-MGR-TUNNEL: Endpoint 10.0.0.10 added
*Jan 5 06:13:55.851: NVE-MGR-EI: Notifying BD engine of VNI 6002 create
*Jan 5 06:13:55.857: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6002 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:13:55.857: NVE-MGR-EI: VNI 6002: BD state changed to up, vni state to Down


以下是Internet組管理協定(IGMP)成員報告，在VNI加入mcast組後即可傳送該報告：

此範例顯示在NVE下為多點傳送模式設定VNI後（如果多點傳送按預期運作）的預期偵錯結果：

*Jan 5 06:19:20.335: NVE-MGR-DB: [IF 0x14]VNI node creation
*Jan 5 06:19:20.335: NVE-MGR-DB: VNI Node created [437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.336: NVE-MGR-PD: VNI 6002 create notification to PD
*Jan 5 06:19:20.336: NVE-MGR-PD: VNI 6002 Create notif successful, map [pd 0x1020017] to [pi 0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.336: NVE-MGR-DB: creating mcast node for 10.0.0.10
*Jan 5 06:19:20.342: NVE-MGR-MCAST: IGMP add for (0.0.0.0,10.0.0.10) was successful
*Jan 5 06:19:20.345: NVE-MGR-TUNNEL: Tunnel Endpoint 10.0.0.10 added
*Jan 5 06:19:20.345: NVE-MGR-TUNNEL: Endpoint 10.0.0.10 added
*Jan 5 06:19:20.347: NVE-MGR-EI: Notifying BD engine of VNI 6002 create
*Jan 5 06:19:20.347: NVE-MGR-DB: Return pd_hdl[0x1020017] for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.347: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6002 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.349: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni state Create for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.349: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni state Create for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.349: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6002 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.351: NVE-MGR-EI: L2FIB query for info 0x437C9B28
*Jan 5 06:19:20.351: NVE-MGR-EI: PP up notification for bd_id 3
*Jan 5 06:19:20.351: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6002 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.352: NVE-MGR-STATE: vni 6002: Notify clients of state change Create to Up
*Jan 5 06:19:20.352: NVE-MGR-DB: Return vni 6002 for pi_hdl[0x437C9B28]
*Jan 5 06:19:20.353: NVE-MGR-PD: VNI 6002 Create to Up State update to PD successful
*Jan 5 06:19:20.353: NVE-MGR-EI: VNI 6002: BD state changed to up, vni state to Up
*Jan 5 06:19:20.353: NVE-MGR-STATE: vni 6002: No state change Up
*Jan 5 06:19:20.353: NVE-MGR-STATE: vni 6002: New State as a result of create Up


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