使用带自签名证书的主模式配置路由器和ASA之间的Easy VPN隧道

简介

本文档介绍如何在思科自适应安全设备(ASA)和使用带自签名证书的主模式运行Cisco IOS®软件的路由器之间设置Easy VPN隧道。

先决条件

路由器到路由器Easy VPN解决方案的示例配置基于以下假设：Cisco Easy VPN服务器的IP地址是静态的，Cisco Easy VPN客户端的IP地址是静态的。

要求

Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：

• Internet 密钥交换 (IKE)
• 证书和公钥基础设施(PKI) 

使用的组件

本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本：

• 运行软件版本8.4(7)的思科ASA 5510自适应安全设备

• 运行Cisco IOS软件版本15.2(4)M2的Cisco 2821系列集成多业务路由器(ISR)

相关产品

本文档也可用于以下硬件和软件版本：

• 运行软件版本8.4或更高版本的Cisco ASA
• 运行Cisco IOS软件版本15.0或更高版本的Cisco ISR代路由器

背景信息

本文档讨论在主模式下使用EzVPN（预共享密钥不支持此模式）。但是，我们可以使用主模式和证书身份验证来克服与攻击性模式(CVE-2002-1623)相关的漏洞。

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您使用的是真实网络，请确保您已经了解所有命令的潜在影响。

配置 

NTP

证书身份验证要求所有参与设备上的时钟同步到公共源。虽然可以在每台设备上手动设置时钟，但这并不太准确，而且可能很麻烦。同步所有设备时钟的最简单方法是使用NTP。NTP在一组分布式时间服务器和客户端之间同步计时。此同步允许在创建系统日志和发生其他特定时间的事件时关联事件。有关如何配置NTP的详细信息，请参阅网络时间协议：最佳实践白皮书.

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/availability/high-availability/19643-ntpm.html

网络图

配置

 
 
 Router:

Current configuration : 6024 bytes
!
!
hostname CISCO_LAB_ROUTER
!
----------CA Server configuration

crypto pki server ASA
 issuer-name cn=ASA, ou=VPN, o=cisco, c=US
 grant auto
 lifetime ca-certificate 300
!
-----------PKI Trustpoint configuration

crypto pki trustpoint router
 enrollment url http://11.11.11.11:80
 revocation-check none
!
!
crypto pki certificate chain router
 certificate 03
  30820225 3082018E A0030201 02020103 300D0609 2A864886 F70D0101 05050030 
  39310B30 09060355 04061302 5553310E 300C0603 55040A13 05636973 636F310C 
  300A0603 55040B13 0356504E 310C300A 06035504 03130341 5341301E 170D3135 
  31313234 31383034 32365A17 0D313630 39313931 38303130 395A3027 31253023 
  06092A86 4886F70D 01090216 1642474C 2E532E31 362D3238 30302D31 342E6369 
  73636F30 819F300D 06092A86 4886F70D 01010105 0003818D 00308189 02818100 
  D7423408 DAEDB119 5E1D6F9B F627F80B 28F6691F 799AFCC5 ECBF5FAA 23D4D890 
  335CDF2B 7C4717A7 979E6A73 515F70AB 905A4935 37873935 9D7406F8 D6986395 
  A427410D FA3432E2 D71FDF8B FFA34C74 C3518E53 E23E5076 06C73C5A C83CC2F3 
  A7EB4349 523571C8 84EA4D58 480ADF47 C4AB29AE EA1FF522 DBCDFEE8 8A9E40A5 
  02030100 01A34F30 4D300B06 03551D0F 04040302 05A0301F 0603551D 23041830 
  1680143B A9F1006C 39BCFFD6 9E8EF705 DD4FD606 268A1E30 1D060355 1D0E0416 
  0414B13F D97C0877 63A7087E 7C31E429 C0D8ADD8 2B1A300D 06092A86 4886F70D 
  01010505 00038181 0039C03A B8B91B3F BFE17248 F1777B78 EBF49CA3 F967C986 
  268C16D4 6AFE2905 0237F56A 369A3BB8 E9A5C1C9 9CF77C9D 2EC71C81 ABB1A64C 
  2FD44A78 3499A357 986D4B8E 08345355 80B481C4 A3AB3408 C3F6F1A6 E42E4585 
  F7B02B33 A57E7D6F 2BD4862A 6DDD4253 B253B3C5 481B3E54 1FB7CEA9 97A01C50 
  0414ECA9 A85CD3F9 EE
      quit
 certificate ca 01
  3082024B 308201B4 A0030201 02020101 300D0609 2A864886 F70D0101 04050030 
  39310B30 09060355 04061302 5553310E 300C0603 55040A13 05636973 636F310C 
  300A0603 55040B13 0356504E 310C300A 06035504 03130341 5341301E 170D3135 
  31313234 31383031 30395A17 0D313630 39313931 38303130 395A3039 310B3009 
  06035504 06130255 53310E30 0C060355 040A1305 63697363 6F310C30 0A060355 
  040B1303 56504E31 0C300A06 03550403 13034153 4130819F 300D0609 2A864886 
  F70D0101 01050003 818D0030 81890281 8100BAFF C15ABB3D 78778733 762F71A7 
  9BE2C81C A2BEB6EF CFD98FB2 21D466D5 65301232 163FFCD0 1CCCCF07 6CAEABD8 
  E3A1C3EB B48D916A ADDD56D8 0730C32B 97388937 193BCD22 729D3F61 5712E71A 
  61315E75 A29E4D7B 881F37A2 3EA74B93 05C3FA73 E50A7DE9 CC2BBF15 F21E8615 
  13EA3E0A 80C95C5E 866B92C7 D98AB734 C41D0203 010001A3 63306130 0F060355 
  1D130101 FF040530 030101FF 300E0603 551D0F01 01FF0404 03020186 301F0603 
  551D2304 18301680 143BA9F1 006C39BC FFD69E8E F705DD4F D606268A 1E301D06 
  03551D0E 04160414 3BA9F100 6C39BCFF D69E8EF7 05DD4FD6 06268A1E 300D0609 
  2A864886 F70D0101 04050003 8181000B 34F5327C 95DD6B24 09E5F485 7B2B9918 
  9BEBE081 B7CE0946 0402C1A2 3849B319 937E4CD7 DF24944E 35482A00 ED28FB5B 
  804A2682 44CB5B81 938F3E68 30E34F33 C9F2E0BF D65CB235 2FFA5301 705ECD56 
  8A3F80F9 12DAA450 CDA84849 1FD44822 79CBBF0B 75E507B5 9A75344E 206551B5 
  BCA5865F 3DD16D61 935E074E FC04B9
      quit
crypto pki certificate chain ASA
 certificate ca 01
  3082024B 308201B4 A0030201 02020101 300D0609 2A864886 F70D0101 04050030 
  39310B30 09060355 04061302 5553310E 300C0603 55040A13 05636973 636F310C 
  300A0603 55040B13 0356504E 310C300A 06035504 03130341 5341301E 170D3135 
  31313234 31383031 30395A17 0D313630 39313931 38303130 395A3039 310B3009 
  06035504 06130255 53310E30 0C060355 040A1305 63697363 6F310C30 0A060355 
  040B1303 56504E31 0C300A06 03550403 13034153 4130819F 300D0609 2A864886 
  F70D0101 01050003 818D0030 81890281 8100BAFF C15ABB3D 78778733 762F71A7 
  9BE2C81C A2BEB6EF CFD98FB2 21D466D5 65301232 163FFCD0 1CCCCF07 6CAEABD8 
  E3A1C3EB B48D916A ADDD56D8 0730C32B 97388937 193BCD22 729D3F61 5712E71A 
  61315E75 A29E4D7B 881F37A2 3EA74B93 05C3FA73 E50A7DE9 CC2BBF15 F21E8615 
  13EA3E0A 80C95C5E 866B92C7 D98AB734 C41D0203 010001A3 63306130 0F060355 
  1D130101 FF040530 030101FF 300E0603 551D0F01 01FF0404 03020186 301F0603 
  551D2304 18301680 143BA9F1 006C39BC FFD69E8E F705DD4F D606268A 1E301D06 
  03551D0E 04160414 3BA9F100 6C39BCFF D69E8EF7 05DD4FD6 06268A1E 300D0609 
  2A864886 F70D0101 04050003 8181000B 34F5327C 95DD6B24 09E5F485 7B2B9918 
  9BEBE081 B7CE0946 0402C1A2 3849B319 937E4CD7 DF24944E 35482A00 ED28FB5B 
  804A2682 44CB5B81 938F3E68 30E34F33 C9F2E0BF D65CB235 2FFA5301 705ECD56 
  8A3F80F9 12DAA450 CDA84849 1FD44822 79CBBF0B 75E507B5 9A75344E 206551B5 
  BCA5865F 3DD16D61 935E074E FC04B9
      quit
!
!
redundancy

!
!
--------------EzVPN client configurtaion

crypto ipsec client ezvpn VPN
 connect auto
 mode network-extension
 peer 11.11.11.111
 xauth userid mode interactive

!
!--------------IPSEC mapping on interfaces

interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 ip address 11.11.11.11 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 crypto ipsec client ezvpn VPN
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.106.69.121 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 crypto ipsec client ezvpn VPN inside
!
ip forward-protocol nd
ip http server
no ip http secure-server

!
end

CISCO_LAB_ROUTER#
 
 
ASA:
 
ASA Version 8.4(7) 
!
hostname CISCO_LAB_ASA
enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted
passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted
names
!
interface Ethernet0/0
 nameif CERT
 security-level 0
 ip address 11.11.11.111 255.255.255.0 
!
interface Management0/0
 nameif tftp
 security-level 0
 ip address 10.106.69.107 255.255.255.0
 
!-------------EZVPN Server configuration
 
crypto ipsec ikev1 transform-set VPN-SET esp-3des esp-sha-hmac 
crypto dynamic-map dyn1 1 set reverse-route
crypto dynamic-map dynmap 10 set ikev1 transform-set VPN-SET
crypto map mymap 1 ipsec-isakmp dynamic dyn1
crypto map VPNMAP 1 ipsec-isakmp dynamic dynmap
crypto map VPNMAP interface CERT
 
!-------------Trustpoint Configuration for SCEP

crypto ca trustpoint ASA
 enrollment url http://11.11.11.11:80
 ignore-ipsec-keyusage
 crl configure
 
--------------Certificate Map configuration

crypto ca certificate map DefaultCertificateMap 1
 issuer-name attr cn eq asa
 issuer-name attr ou eq vpn
 

crypto ca certificate chain ASA
 certificate ca 01
    3082024b 308201b4 a0030201 02020101 300d0609 2a864886 f70d0101 04050030 
    39310b30 09060355 04061302 5553310e 300c0603 55040a13 05636973 636f310c 
    300a0603 55040b13 0356504e 310c300a 06035504 03130341 5341301e 170d3135 
    31313234 31383031 30395a17 0d313630 39313931 38303130 395a3039 310b3009 
    06035504 06130255 53310e30 0c060355 040a1305 63697363 6f310c30 0a060355 
    040b1303 56504e31 0c300a06 03550403 13034153 4130819f 300d0609 2a864886 
    f70d0101 01050003 818d0030 81890281 8100baff c15abb3d 78778733 762f71a7 
    9be2c81c a2beb6ef cfd98fb2 21d466d5 65301232 163ffcd0 1ccccf07 6caeabd8 
    e3a1c3eb b48d916a addd56d8 0730c32b 97388937 193bcd22 729d3f61 5712e71a 
    61315e75 a29e4d7b 881f37a2 3ea74b93 05c3fa73 e50a7de9 cc2bbf15 f21e8615 
    13ea3e0a 80c95c5e 866b92c7 d98ab734 c41d0203 010001a3 63306130 0f060355 
    1d130101 ff040530 030101ff 300e0603 551d0f01 01ff0404 03020186 301f0603 
    551d2304 18301680 143ba9f1 006c39bc ffd69e8e f705dd4f d606268a 1e301d06 
    03551d0e 04160414 3ba9f100 6c39bcff d69e8ef7 05dd4fd6 06268a1e 300d0609 
    2a864886 f70d0101 04050003 8181000b 34f5327c 95dd6b24 09e5f485 7b2b9918 
    9bebe081 b7ce0946 0402c1a2 3849b319 937e4cd7 df24944e 35482a00 ed28fb5b 
    804a2682 44cb5b81 938f3e68 30e34f33 c9f2e0bf d65cb235 2ffa5301 705ecd56 
    8a3f80f9 12daa450 cda84849 1fd44822 79cbbf0b 75e507b5 9a75344e 206551b5 
    bca5865f 3dd16d61 935e074e fc04b9
  quit
 certificate 02
              
    30820243 308201ac a0030201 02020102 300d0609 2a864886 f70d0101 04050030 
    39310b30 09060355 04061302 5553310e 300c0603 55040a13 05636973 636f310c 
    300a0603 55040b13 0356504e 310c300a 06035504 03130341 5341301e 170d3135 
    31313234 31383033 32315a17 0d313630 39313931 38303130 395a3023 3121301f 
    06092a86 4886f70d 01090216 1262676c 2d532d31 362d4153 41353530 302d3130 
    819f300d 06092a86 4886f70d 01010105 0003818d 00308189 02818100 efc22ac0 
    35960f71 9c197870 aa2b2a8c cd6ea4ef 150bc5ed f38812a2 baad0929 cde15a14 
    f5982e23 9208b79e decb58ed 04e1c552 c352a7b7 0458c205 a5548367 7a4ae377 
    93b0e711 05da2932 6621170e 93c0197d 4de3639e 6b1ce677 aac8c68e d9e7d098 
    40e5cb9f ee9a13e3 8e2a63e8 96186be0 9f1db880 0eb8b63a 0c17fe3d 02030100 
    01a37130 6f301d06 03551d11 04163014 82126267 6c2d532d 31362d41 53413535 
    30302d31 300e0603 551d0f01 01ff0404 030205a0 301f0603 551d2304 18301680 
    143ba9f1 006c39bc ffd69e8e f705dd4f d606268a 1e301d06 03551d0e 04160414 
    be1953e2 579f9901 cbc6d4e4 1290451b e4bbcec0 300d0609 2a864886 f70d0101 
    04050003 81810081 68d44005 d2cfa98f c2575dcb 724387af 852628be 4fe1b27f 
    edd49e5c 84f49a04 971a4d51 b23032c5 538f889d 8f25ffae d605fc40 9d7d49f3 
    904814ec 5b9bb2bf c5834a38 74f56df8 8afc2588 9fe78e2a 0e7ccbfe de339970 
    d4149dc1 a7f5417e 0617c566 507cb91d 0adddb77 192f727a 6fbbb413 82e72b83 
    1cd98cc7 77fbb4
  quit
 
------------IKE configuration

crypto ikev1 enable CERT
crypto ikev1 policy 5
 authentication rsa-sig
 encryption 3des
 hash sha
 group 2
 lifetime 86400
 
------------Group Policy Configuraiton

group-policy VPNPOLICY internal
group-policy VPNPOLICY attributes
 re-xauth disable
 split-tunnel-policy tunnelall
 nem enable

username cisco password 3USUcOPFUiMCO4Jk encrypted
 
------------Tunnel Group configuration

tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup general-attributes              
 default-group-policy VPNPOLICY
tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ipsec-attributes
 ikev1 trust-point ASA
tunnel-group VPN type remote-access
tunnel-group VPN general-attributes
 default-group-policy VPNPOLICY
tunnel-group VPN ipsec-attributes
 ikev1 trust-point ASA
tunnel-group-map enable rules
tunnel-group-map DefaultCertificateMap 1 VPN
!
: end

验证

要验证设备是否已成功注册到CA，请执行以下操作：

路由器

CISCO_LAB_ROUTER#show crypto pki certificates
Certificate
 Status: Available
 Certificate Serial Number (hex): 03
 Certificate Usage: General Purpose
 Issuer:
 cn=ASA
 ou=VPN
 o=cisco
 c=US
 Subject:
 Name: CISCO_LAB_ROUTER.cisco
 hostname=CISCO_LAB_ROUTER.cisco
 Validity Date:
 start date: 18:04:26 UTC Nov 24 2015
 end date: 18:01:09 UTC Sep 19 2016
 Associated Trustpoints: router
 Storage: nvram:ASA#3.cer 

CA Certificate
 Status: Available
 Certificate Serial Number (hex): 01
 Certificate Usage: Signature
 Issuer:
 cn=ASA
 ou=VPN
 o=cisco
 c=US
 Subject:
 cn=ASA
 ou=VPN
 o=cisco
 c=US
 Validity Date:
 start date: 18:01:09 UTC Nov 24 2015
 end date: 18:01:09 UTC Sep 19 2016
 Associated Trustpoints: ASA router
 Storage: nvram:ASA#1CA.cer

ASA

CISCO_LAB_ASA# show crypto ca certificates
Certificate
 Status: Available
 Certificate Serial Number: 02
 Certificate Usage: General Purpose
 Public Key Type: RSA (1024 bits)
 Signature Algorithm: MD5 with RSA Encryption
 Issuer Name:
 cn=ASA
 ou=VPN
 o=cisco
 c=US
 Subject Name:
 hostname=CISCO_LAB_ASA
 Validity Date:
 start date: 18:03:21 UTC Nov 24 2015
 end date: 18:01:09 UTC Sep 19 2016
 Associated Trustpoints: ASA 

CA Certificate
 Status: Available
 Certificate Serial Number: 01
 Certificate Usage: Signature
 Public Key Type: RSA (1024 bits)
 Signature Algorithm: MD5 with RSA Encryption
 Issuer Name:
 cn=ASA
 ou=VPN
 o=cisco
 c=US
 Subject Name:
 cn=ASA
 ou=VPN
 o=cisco
 c=US
 Validity Date:
 start date: 18:01:09 UTC Nov 24 2015
 end date: 18:01:09 UTC Sep 19 2016
 Associated Trustpoints: ASA

要验证隧道是否已启用

路由器

第1阶段验证：

 CISCO_LAB_ROUTER # show crypto isakmp sa 

 IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
 dst             src             state          conn-id status 
 11.11.11.111    11.11.11.11     QM_IDLE           1114 ACTIVE

第2阶段验证：

CISCO_LAB_ROUTER# show crypto ipsec sa

 interface: GigabitEthernet0/0 
     Crypto map tag: GigabitEthernet0/0-head-0, local addr 11.11.11.11 

   protected vrf: (none)
    local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.106.69.0/255.255.255.0/0/0) 
    remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0) 
    current_peer 11.11.11.111 port 500 
      PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,} 
     #pkts encaps: 5, #pkts encrypt: 5, #pkts digest: 5 
     #pkts decaps: 5, #pkts decrypt: 5, #pkts verify: 5 

ASA

第1阶段验证：

 CISCO_LAB_ASA# show crypto isakmp sa    

 IKEv1 SAs: 

    Active SA: 1 
     Rekey SA: 0 (A tunnel will report 1 Active and 1 Rekey SA during rekey) 
 Total IKE SA: 1 

 1   IKE Peer: 11.11.11.11 
     Type    : user            Role    : responder 
     Rekey   : no              State   : MM_ACTIVE  --------------> MM denotes main mode 

 IPv6 Crypto ISAKMP SA 

第2阶段验证：

CISCO_LAB_ASA#show  crypto ipsec sa
interface: CERT
    Crypto map tag: dynmap, seq num: 10, local addr: 11.11.11.111

        local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
      remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.106.69.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)
      current_peer: 11.11.11.11, username: cisco
      dynamic allocated peer ip: 0.0.0.0

        #pkts encaps: 5, #pkts encrypt: 5, #pkts digest: 5
       #pkts decaps: 5, #pkts decrypt: 5, #pkts verify: 5 

故障排除

  

ASA上的调试

警告：在ASA上，可以设置各种调试级别；默认情况下，使用1级。如果更改调试级别，调试的详细程度可能会增加。

建议使用条件调试仅查看单个对等体的调试：

debug crypto condition peer <peer ip address>

请谨慎执行此操作，尤其是在生产环境中。

隧道协商的ASA调试包括：

 debug crypto ikev1 <0-255> 
 debug crypto ipsec <0-255> 

证书身份验证的ASA调试为：

 debug crypto ca 

路由器调试

用于隧道协商的路由器调试如下：

 debug crypto ikev1 
 debug crypto ikev1 error 
 debug crypto ikev1 internal 

用于证书身份验证的路由器调试如下：

 debug crypto pki validation 
 debug crypto pki transaction 
 debug crypto pki messages