ASA/PIX：配置并且排除反向路由注入(RRI)故障

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已更新: 2008 年 7 月 24 日
文档 ID:107596

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简介

本文档介绍了如何在 Cisco 安全设备 (ASA/PIX) 上配置反向路由注入 (RRI) 并进行故障排除。

注：有关ASA/PIX和Cisco VPN客户端上远程访问VPN配置的详细信息，请参阅PIX/ASA 7.x和Cisco VPN客户端4.x与Windows 2003 IAS RADIUS（针对Active Directory）身份验证配置示例。

先决条件

要求

本文档没有任何特定的要求。

使用的组件

本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本：

  • 运行软件版本 8.0 的 Cisco 5500 系列自适应安全设备 (ASA)

  • Cisco VPN 客户端软件 5.0 版

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您使用的是真实网络，请确保您已经了解所有命令的潜在影响。

相关产品

此配置也可用于运行软件版本 7.x 及更高版本的 Cisco 500 系列 PIX 防火墙。

规则

有关文档规则的详细信息，请参阅 Cisco 技术提示规则。

背景信息

反向路由注入(RRI)用于填充内部路由器的路由表，该路由器为远程VPN客户端或LAN²LAN会话运行开放最短路径优先(OSPF)协议或路由信息协议(RIP)。

配置

本部分提供有关如何配置本文档所述功能的信息。

注意：使用命令查找工具(仅限注册客户)可获取有关本节中使用的命令的详细信息。

网络图

本文档使用以下网络设置：

asa_reverseroute01.gif

注意：此配置中使用的IP编址方案在Internet上不可合法路由。这些地址是在实验室环境中使用的 RFC 1918 地址。

注意：您可以在LAN到LAN VPN隧道和Easy VPN场景中使用RRI。

配置

本文档使用以下配置：

Cisco ASA 
ciscoasa(config)#access-list split extended permit ip 192.168.212.0 255.255.255.0  
     192.168.105.0 255.255.255.00
ciscoasa(config)#access-list redistribute standard permit 192.168.105.0 255.255.255.0
ciscoasa(config)#ip local pool clients 192.168.105.1-192.168.105.10 mask 255.255.255.0
ciscoasa(config)#route-map redistribute permit 1
ciscoasa(config-route-map)#match ip address redistribute
ciscoasa(config-route-map)#exit
ciscoasa(config)#group-policy clientgroup internal
ciscoasa(config)#group-policy clientgroup attributes
ciscoasa(config-group-policy)#split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified
ciscoasa(config-group-policy)#split-tunnel-network-list value split
ciscoasa(config-group-policy)#exit
ciscoasa(config)#isakmp nat-traversal 10
ciscoasa(config)#isakmp enable outside
ciscoasa(config)#isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share
ciscoasa(config)#isakmp policy 10 encryption 3des
ciscoasa(config)#isakmp policy 10 hash sha
ciscoasa(config)#isakmp policy 10 group 2
ciscoasa(config)#isakmp policy 10 lifetime 86400
ciscoasa(config)#crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac
ciscoasa(config)#crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA
ciscoasa(config)#crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set reverse-route

!--- Command to enable RRI

ciscoasa(config)#crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic outside_dyn_map
ciscoasa(config)#crypto map outside_map interface outside
ciscoasa(config)#tunnel-group vpn-test type ipsec-ra
ciscoasa(config)#tunnel-group vpn-test general-attributes
ciscoasa(config-tunnel-general)#address-pool clients
ciscoasa(config-tunnel-general)#default-group-policy clientgroup
ciscoasa(config-tunnel-general)#tunnel-group vpn-test ipsec-attributes
ciscoasa(config-tunnel-ipsec)#pre-shared-key cisco123
ciscoasa(config-tunnel-ipsec)#exit

Cisco ASA 
ciscoasa#show running-config
: Saved
:
ASA Version 8.0(2)
!
hostname ciscoasa
enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted
names
!
interface Ethernet0
 nameif outside
 security-level 0
 ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet1
 nameif inside
 security-level 100
 ip address 192.168.212.1 255.255.255.0
!

!---Output Suppressed

!
passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted
ftp mode passive
access-list split extended permit ip 192.168.212.0 255.255.255.0 
     192.168.105.0 255.255.255.0


!--- Split-tunneling ACL


access-list redistribute standard permit 192.168.105.0 255.255.255.0


!--- Match the traffic sourced from 192.168.105.0 network

pager lines 24
mtu outside 1500
mtu insi 1500
ip local pool clients 192.168.105.1-192.168.105.10 mask 255.255.255.0
no failover
icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1
no asdm history enable
arp timeout 14400
!
route-map redistribute permit 1
 match ip address redistribute
!
!
router ospf 1
 network 192.168.212.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
 log-adj-changes
 redistribute static subnets route-map redistribute


!--- Redistribute the static routes sourced from 192.168.105.0 !--- network into OSPF Autonomous System (AS).

!
route outside 10.5.5.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1 1


!---Output Suppressed


crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set reverse-route


!--- Command to enable RRI


crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic outside_dyn_map
crypto map outside_map interface outside
crypto isakmp enable outside
crypto isakmp policy 10
 authentication pre-share
 encryption 3des
 hash sha
 group 2
 lifetime 86400

crypto isakmp policy 65535
 authentication pre-share
 encryption 3des
 hash sha
 group 2
 lifetime 86400


!---Output Suppressed


service-policy global_policy global
group-policy clientgroup internal
group-policy clientgroup attributes
 split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified
 split-tunnel-network-list value split
username vpnuser password gKK.Ip0zetpjju4R encrypted
tunnel-group vpn-test type remote-access
tunnel-group vpn-test general-attributes
 address-pool clients
 default-group-policy clientgroup
tunnel-group vpn-test ipsec-attributes
 pre-shared-key *
prompt hostname context
Cryptochecksum:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
: end

故障排除

本部分提供的信息可用于对配置进行故障排除。

在 ASA 中启用 RRI 之前的路由表输出

注意：假设VPN隧道由远程移动用户建立，192.168.105.1是ASA分配的IP地址。

ASA 路由表 

ciscoasa#show route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

S    192.168.105.1 255.255.255.255 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1, outside
C    192.168.212.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, insi
C    172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, outside
S    10.5.5.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1, outside
O    10.2.2.1 255.255.255.255 [110/11] via 192.168.212.3, 2:09:24, insi
O    10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 [110/11] via 192.168.212.2, 2:09:24, insi

提示：即使未配置RRI，连接的客户端的静态路由也会注入到VPN服务器(ASA/PIX)的路由表中。 但是，它并不会重分配到运行动态路由协议的内部路由器（如果运行 ASA 8.0，则此类协议包括 OSPF、EIGRP 等）。

路由器 R1 路由表 

R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.212.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O       10.2.2.1/32 [110/11] via 192.168.212.3, 02:11:52, Ethernet0

路由器 R2 路由表 

R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.212.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       10.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O       10.1.1.1/32 [110/11] via 192.168.212.2, 02:13:03, Ethernet0

在 ASA 中启用 RRI 之后的路由表输出

注意：假设VPN隧道由远程移动用户建立，192.168.105.1是ASA分配的IP地址。

ASA 路由表 

ciscoasa#show route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

S    192.168.105.1 255.255.255.255 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1, outside
C    192.168.212.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, insi
C    172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, outside
S    10.5.5.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1, outside
O    10.2.2.1 255.255.255.255 [110/11] via 192.168.212.3, 2:09:24, insi
O    10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 [110/11] via 192.168.212.2, 2:09:24, insi

路由器 R1 路由表 

R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     192.168.105.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    192.168.105.1 [110/20] via 192.168.212.1, 00:03:06, Ethernet0

!--- Redistributed route

C    192.168.212.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O       10.2.2.1/32 [110/11] via 192.168.212.3, 02:11:52, Ethernet0

路由器 R2 路由表 

R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     192.168.105.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    192.168.105.1 [110/20] via 192.168.212.1, 00:04:17, Ethernet0

!--- Redistributed route

C    192.168.212.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       10.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O       10.1.1.1/32 [110/11] via 192.168.212.2, 02:13:03, Ethernet0

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