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本文档介绍在使用边界网关协议(BGP)路由和源地点(SoO)时,如何避免SD-WAN交换矩阵中的路由环路。
Cisco 建议您了解以下主题:
出于演示目的,使用了以下软件路由器:
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始(默认)配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态,请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。
在本文档中,使用的是以下拓扑:
拓扑
R1和R2是通用的Cisco IOS XE路由器(或能够运行BGPv4的任何其他路由器)。 cE1、cE2和cE3在控制器(SD-WAN)模式下运行Cisco IOS XE。您可以在此处找到分配给每个SD-WAN路由器的站点ID和system-ip参数的摘要:
SD-WAN路由器 |
站点ID |
system-ip |
cE1 | 214 | 192.168.30.214 |
cE2 | 215 | 192.168.30.215 |
cE3 | 216 | 192.168.30.216 |
以下是最初发生的一组事件:
以下是cE1的相关配置。注意: send-comminity
未配置邻居192.168.160.215:
router bgp 65401 bgp log-neighbor-changes distance bgp 20 200 20 ! address-family ipv4 vrf 1 redistribute omp propagate-aspath neighbor 192.168.140.10 remote-as 65300 neighbor 192.168.140.10 activate neighbor 192.168.140.10 send-community both neighbor 192.168.160.215 remote-as 65400 neighbor 192.168.160.215 activate exit-address-family ! sdwan omp no shutdown send-path-limit 4 ecmp-limit 4 graceful-restart no as-dot-notation timers holdtime 60 advertisement-interval 1 graceful-restart-timer 43200 eor-timer 300 exit address-family ipv4 vrf 1 advertise bgp ! address-family ipv4 advertise connected advertise static ! address-family ipv6 advertise connected advertise static
cE2:
router bgp 65401 bgp log-neighbor-changes distance bgp 20 200 20 ! address-family ipv4 vrf 1 redistribute omp propagate-aspath neighbor 192.168.150.10 remote-as 65300 neighbor 192.168.150.10 activate neighbor 192.168.150.10 send-community both neighbor 192.168.160.214 remote-as 65401 neighbor 192.168.160.214 activate neighbor 192.168.160.214 send-community both exit-address-family ! sdwan omp no shutdown send-path-limit 4 ecmp-limit 4 graceful-restart no as-dot-notation timers holdtime 60 advertisement-interval 1 graceful-restart-timer 43200 eor-timer 300 exit address-family ipv4 vrf 1 advertise bgp ! address-family ipv4 advertise connected advertise static ! address-family ipv6 advertise connected advertise static
cE3:
router bgp 65401 bgp log-neighbor-changes timers bgp 5 15 ! address-family ipv4 vrf 1 redistribute omp propagate-aspath neighbor 192.168.60.11 remote-as 65500 neighbor 192.168.60.11 activate exit-address-family ! sdwan omp no shutdown send-path-limit 4 ecmp-limit 4 graceful-restart no as-dot-notation timers holdtime 60 advertisement-interval 1 graceful-restart-timer 43200 eor-timer 300 exit address-family ipv4 vrf 1 advertise bgp ! address-family ipv4 advertise connected advertise static ! address-family ipv6 advertise connected advertise static !
1.在初始状态下,路由从cE3通告并通过OMP由cE1和cE2获取。将路由重分发到BGP,并通告给彼此和R1:
cE1#
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf 1 10.1.1.1/24
BGP routing table entry for 1:1:10.1.1.1/24, version 342041 Paths: (2 available, best #2, table 1) Advertised to update-groups: 4 5 Refresh Epoch 1 65500 192.168.160.215 (via vrf 1) from 192.168.160.215 (192.168.109.215) Origin incomplete, metric 1000, localpref 50, valid, internal Extended Community: SoO:0:215 RT:1:1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0 Updated on Aug 21 2020 11:23:32 GMT Refresh Epoch 1 65500 192.168.30.216 (via default) from 0.0.0.0 (192.168.109.214) Origin incomplete, metric 1000, localpref 50, valid, sourced, best Extended Community: SoO:0:214 RT:1:1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Aug 21 2020 11:23:32 GMT cE2#
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf 1 10.1.1.1/24
BGP routing table entry for 1:1:10.1.1.1/24, version 327810 Paths: (2 available, best #2, table 1) Advertised to update-groups: 5 6 Refresh Epoch 1 65500 192.168.160.214 (via vrf 1) from 192.168.160.214 (192.168.109.214) Origin incomplete, metric 1000, localpref 50, valid, internal Extended Community: RT:1:1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0 Updated on Aug 21 2020 11:23:32 GMT Refresh Epoch 1 65500 192.168.30.216 (via default) from 0.0.0.0 (192.168.109.215) Origin incomplete, metric 1000, localpref 50, valid, sourced, best Extended Community: SoO:0:215 RT:1:1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Aug 21 2020 11:23:32 GMT
2.在cE2上,WAN接口断开连接或与SD-WAN交换矩阵的连接丢失,因此OMP对等体(vSmart连接)关闭。只有一条路由仍然从iBGP获知:
ce2(config)#
interface GigabitEthernet 2
ce2(config-if)#
shutdown
ce2(config-if)#
结束
Uncommitted changes found, commit them? [yes/no/CANCEL] yes Commit complete. ce2#
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf 1 10.1.1.1/24
BGP routing table entry for 1:1:10.1.1.1/24, version 345276 Paths: (1 available, best #1, table 1) Advertised to update-groups: 6 Refresh Epoch 1 65500 192.168.160.214 (via vrf 1) from 192.168.160.214 (192.168.109.214) Origin incomplete, metric 1000, localpref 50, valid, internal, best Extended Community: RT:1:1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Aug 21 2020 11:23:32 GMT
cE1仍然首选通过OMP发起的路由(这是唯一剩余路由),源自cE3:
ce1#
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf 1 10.1.1.1/24
BGP routing table entry for 1:1:10.1.1.1/24, version 342041 Paths: (1 available, best #1, table 1) Advertised to update-groups: 4 5 Refresh Epoch 1 65500 192.168.30.216 (via default) from 0.0.0.0 (192.168.109.214) Origin incomplete, metric 1000, localpref 50, valid, sourced, best Extended Community: SoO:0:214 RT:1:1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Aug 21 2020 11:23:32 GMT
3.在cE2的WAN接口上重新建立连接。由于管理距离(AD)更好,因此仍首选通过iBGP从cE1获取路由。
ce2(config)#
interface GigabitEthernet 2
ce2(config-if)#
no shutdown
ce2(config-if)#
结束
Uncommitted changes found, commit them? [yes/no/CANCEL] yes Commit complete. ce2#
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf 1 10.1.1.1/24
BGP routing table entry for 1:1:10.1.1.1/24, version 345276 Paths: (1 available, best #1, table 1) Advertised to update-groups: 6 Refresh Epoch 1 65500 192.168.160.214 (via vrf 1) from 192.168.160.214 (192.168.109.214) Origin incomplete, metric 1000, localpref 50, valid, internal, best Extended Community: RT:1:1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Aug 21 2020 11:23:32 GMT
cE1仍首选通过cE3发起的OMP的路由。请记住,cE1将OMP重分发到BGP:
ce1#
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf 1 10.1.1.1/24
BGP routing table entry for 1:1:10.1.1.1/24, version 569358 Paths: (1 available, best #1, table 1) Advertised to update-groups: 4 5 Refresh Epoch 1 65500 192.168.30.216 (via default) from 0.0.0.0 (192.168.109.214) Origin incomplete, metric 1000, localpref 50, valid, sourced, best Extended Community: SoO:0:214 RT:1:1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Aug 21 2020 15:13:09 GMT
4.与R2的cE3连接会发生一些问题。要进行测试,接口将关闭,并且R2 BGP对等体丢失:
ce3(config)#
interface GigabitEthernet 6
ce3(config-if)#
shutdown
ce3(config-if)#
提交
5.因此,在cE1和cE2之间形成了路由环路(cE2将来自OMP的路由重分布并通过BGP通告给cE1,cE1将BGP重分布到OMP并通告给cE2):
ce1#
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf 1 10.1.1.1/24
BGP routing table entry for 1:1:10.1.1.1/24, version 732548 Paths: (1 available, best #1, table 1) Advertised to update-groups: 5 Refresh Epoch 1 65500 192.168.160.215 (via vrf 1) from 192.168.160.215 (192.168.109.215) Origin incomplete, metric 1000, localpref 50, valid, internal, best Extended Community: SoO:0:215 RT:1:1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Aug 21 2020 15:38:47 GMT
ce2#
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf 1 10.1.1.1/24
BGP routing table entry for 1:1:10.1.1.1/24, version 639650 Paths: (1 available, best #1, table 1) Advertised to update-groups: 5 6 Refresh Epoch 1 65500 192.168.30.214 (via default) from 0.0.0.0 (192.168.109.215) Origin incomplete, metric 1000, localpref 50, valid, sourced, best Extended Community: SoO:0:215 RT:1:1 rx pathid: 1, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Aug 21 2020 15:38:47 GMT
有两种可能的解决方案。
为OMP配置overlay-as。然后,将一些自治系统(AS)编号分配给OMP重叠本身。例如:
config-transaction sdwan omp overlay-as 64512 exit
默认情况下,OMP对BGP是透明的,即使 propagate-aspath
已配置。 overlay-as
是一项将指定为此命令参数的AS预置到从OMP导出到BGP的路由的BGP AS_PATH属性的功能。如果在重叠网络中的多个设备上配置相同的重叠AS编号,则所有这些设备都被视为同一AS的一部分。因此,它们不会转发包含重叠AS编号的任何路由,因此可以防止路由环路。
请记住, overlay-as
和 propagate-aspath
彼此依赖。此功能将详细讨论。
存在以下两种情况:
overlay-as
在全局级别上配置 sdwan omp
部分和 propagate-aspath
未配置(rest配置与最初所述相同: advertise bgp
在以下位置启用 omp address-family ipv4 vrf 1
部分, redistribute omp
配置在 router bgp
部分)。
overlay-as 64512
在cE1/cE2和cE3上配置。
重叠即示演示的拓扑
出于演示目的,cE1、cE2和cE3上的BGP AS已更改。
R1 - cE1/cE2仍通过eBGP对等,分别使用AS 65300和65401。
cE3 - R2仍通过eBGP对等,分别使用AS 65402和65500。
R1将路由(例如192.168.41.11/32)发送到cE1/cE2。cE1/cE2将此路由重分发到OMP,不带有任何AS_PATH属性。
cE3收到它并将其通告到BGP中指向R2,仅具有其自己的AS(正常的eBGP行为)。
R2上的路由Route1具有AS_PATH:“65402”。
R2#
sh ip bgp | i 192.168.41.11/32
*> 192.168.41.11/32 192.168.60.216 1000 0 65402 ?
propagate-aspath
配置在 router bgp
部分,用于特定服务端VPN(address-family ipv4 vrf 1
影响。这里也有子案例。
案例 2.1.使用 overlay-as
在cE3上启用, propagate-aspath
也在 router bgp 65401 address-family ipv4 vrf 1
在cE1/cE2上。
R1将路由route1发送到cE1/cE2。cE1/cE2使用来自R1站点的as-path将此路由重分发到OMP。
vSmart上的OMP路由具有AS路径:“65300”。
vsmart1#
show omp routes vpn 1 192.168.41.11/32 | nomore | exclude not\设置
--------------------------------------------------- omp route entries for vpn 1 route 192.168.41.11/32 --------------------------------------------------- RECEIVED FROM: peer 192.168.30.214 path-id 81 label 1001 status C,R Attributes: originator 192.168.30.214 type installed tloc 192.168.30.214, biz-internet, ipsec overlay-id 1 site-id 25 origin-proto eBGP origin-metric 0 as-path "65300" RECEIVED FROM: peer 192.168.30.215 path-id 68 label 1002 status C,R Attributes: originator 192.168.30.215 type installed tloc 192.168.30.215, biz-internet, ipsec overlay-id 1 site-id 25 origin-proto eBGP origin-metric 0 as-path "65300"
案例2.1.a.使用 propagate-aspath
在cE3上禁用后,cE3会将其作为OMP路由接收并将其通告到BGP,忽略任何as-path属性,在as上重叠,指向R2,并仅添加其自己的BGP AS(正常eBGP行为)。
R2 AS路径上的路由1:“65402”。
R2#
sh ip bgp | i 192.168.41.11/32
*> 192.168.41.11/32 192.168.60.216 1000 0 65402 ?
案例2.1.b.使用 propagate-aspath
在cE3上启用后,cE3会将其作为OMP路由接收并通告到BGP,将接收的as-path属性提前到R2,然后添加重叠AS,接着添加自己的BGP AS。
R2 AS路径上的路由1:“65402 64512 65300”。
R2#
sh ip bgp | i 192.168.41.11/32
*> 192.168.41.11/32 192.168.60.216 1000 0 65402 64512 65300 ?
案例2.1.c.使用 propagate-aspath
在cE1/cE2上禁用后,cE3将其作为OMP路由接收,而无任何as-path属性,并将它通告到BGP中,指向R2,预置Overlay-AS并仅添加自己的BGP AS。
R2 AS路径上的路由1:“65402 64512”。
R2#
sh ip bgp | i 192.168.41.11/32
*> 192.168.41.11/32 192.168.60.216 1000 0 65402 64512 ?
案例 2.2.无 overlay-as
在cE3上配置, propagate-aspath
在cE1/cE2的router bgp 65401 address-family ipv4 vrf 1下启用。
案例2.2.a.使用 propagate-aspath
仅在cE3上禁用,cE3将其作为OMP路由接收并通告到BGP,忽略指向R2的任何AS_PATH属性,添加其自己的BGP AS(正常eBGP行为)。
R2 AS路径上的路由1:“65402”。
R2#
sh ip bgp | i 192.168.41.11/32
*> 192.168.41.11/32 192.168.60.216 1000 0 65402 ?
案例2.2.b.时间 propagate-aspath
在cE3上启用,cE3接收它作为OMP路由并将其通告到BGP,将接收的AS_PATH属性预置到R2,然后添加自己的AS。
R2上的Route1 AS路径:“65402”、“65300”。
R2#
sh ip bgp | i 192.168.41.11/32
*> 192.168.41.11/32 192.168.60.216 1000 0 65402 65300 ?
重要提示:
将AS-Path属性发送到OMP时,边缘路由器不会添加自己的AS(如vEdge Does Advertise Its Own AS When BGP Routes Are Advertised Into OMP一文中所示)。如果远程边缘路由器在AS_PATH属性中收到具有自己的AS的OMP路由,它不会执行环路检测,而是将具有所接收AS路径的路由发送到服务端的路由器。
在路由器cE1和cE2上配置相同的site-id。尽管vSmart使用与路由本身相同的站点ID将路由通告回站点,但由于路由的发起方属性不同,因此不会触发环路预防,但不会形成控制平面路由环路,因为OMP路由未安装到RIB中。这是因为OMP路由处于Inv,U(无效,未解析)状态。默认情况下,数据平面隧道无法在具有相同站点ID的站点之间建立,除非 allow-same-site-tunnels
已配置。如果数据平面隧道BFD会话处于关闭状态,则TLOC保持未解析状态。在本例中, site-id 214215
在路由器ce1和ce2上配置。由cE2和cE1通告的路由10.0.0.2/32不会将其安装到路由表中,因为cE1和cE2之间不存在数据平面会话:
ce1#
show sdwan omp route 10.0.0.2/32 det |未设置exc
--------------------------------------------------- omp route entries for vpn 3 route 10.0.0.2/32 --------------------------------------------------- RECEIVED FROM: peer 192.168.30.113 path-id 3 label 1004 status Inv,U Attributes: originator 192.168.30.215 type installed tloc 192.168.30.215, mpls, ipsec overlay-id 1 site-id 214215 origin-proto connected origin-metric 0 RECEIVED FROM: peer 192.168.30.113 path-id 4 label 1004 status Inv,U loss-reason tloc-id lost-to-peer 192.168.30.113 lost-to-path-id 3 Attributes: originator 192.168.30.215 type installed tloc 192.168.30.215, biz-internet, ipsec overlay-id 1 site-id 214215 origin-proto connected origin-metric 0
ce1#
show sdwan omp tlocs "ip 192.168.30.215" |未设置
--------------------------------------------------- tloc entries for 192.168.30.215 mpls ipsec --------------------------------------------------- RECEIVED FROM: peer 192.168.30.113 status C,I,R Attributes: attribute-type installed encap-proto 0 encap-spi 256 encap-auth sha1-hmac,ah-sha1-hmac encap-encrypt aes256 public-ip 192.168.110.215 public-port 12347 private-ip 192.168.110.215 private-port 12347 public-ip :: public-port 0 private-ip :: private-port 0 bfd-status down site-id 214215 preference 0 weight 1 version 3 gen-id 0x80000026 carrier default restrict 0 groups [ 0 ] bandwidth 0 qos-group default-group --------------------------------------------------- tloc entries for 192.168.30.215 biz-internet ipsec --------------------------------------------------- RECEIVED FROM: peer 192.168.30.113 status C,I,R Attributes: attribute-type installed encap-proto 0 encap-spi 256 encap-auth sha1-hmac,ah-sha1-hmac encap-encrypt aes256 public-ip 192.168.109.215 public-port 12347 private-ip 192.168.109.215 private-port 12347 public-ip :: public-port 0 private-ip :: private-port 0 bfd-status down site-id 214215 preference 0 weight 1 version 3 gen-id 0x80000026 carrier default restrict 0 groups [ 0 ] bandwidth 0 qos-group default-group ce1#
您可以在vSmart控制器上检查此命令,以便了解哪些路由接收特定前缀(请参阅“通告给”部分):
vsmart1#
show omp routes 10.1.1.0/24 detail | nomore | exclude not\设置
--------------------------------------------------- omp route entries for vpn 1 route 10.1.1.0/24 --------------------------------------------------- RECEIVED FROM: peer 192.168.30.216 path-id 68 label 1002 status C,R Attributes: originator 192.168.30.216 type installed tloc 192.168.30.216, biz-internet, ipsec overlay-id 1 site-id 216 origin-proto eBGP origin-metric 0 as-path 65500 ADVERTISED TO: peer 192.168.30.214 Attributes: originator 192.168.30.216 label 1002 path-id 5525 tloc 192.168.30.216, biz-internet, ipsec site-id 216 overlay-id 1 origin-proto eBGP origin-metric 0 as-path 65500 ADVERTISED TO: peer 192.168.30.215 Attributes: originator 192.168.30.216 label 1002 path-id 5287 tloc 192.168.30.216, biz-internet, ipsec site-id 216 overlay-id 1 origin-proto eBGP origin-metric 0 as-path 65500
site-id
也保留为BGP源站点(SoO)扩展社区属性(您可以在前面的输出中看到SoO:0:<site-id>)。用于标识源自站点的路由,以便可以阻止重新通告该前缀。为了使此功能正常运行,路由器必须发送扩展社区。配置cE1,将扩展团体发送到路由器cE2:
router bgp 65401 address-family ipv4 vrf 1 neighbor 192.168.160.215 send-community both
对于同一站点的两台路由器是iBGP邻居的情况,SD-WAN具有内置的环路预防机制,以防止路由环路从OMP到BGP以及从BGP返回OMP。为了演示这一点,拓扑稍作更新,并且在运行BGP AS65400(cE1/cE2)的两个路由器上配置了相同的site-id 214215。在本示例中,10.1.1.0/24前缀从远程站点(cE3)通告到OMP,并在站点214215(cE1-cE2)的OMP中获知。
SoO演示的拓扑
为了实现环路防御,BGP扩展社区SoO用于显示哪个站点发起前缀。当此社区从OMP重分发到BGP时,会将其添加到前缀。
此 send-community
命令必须如图所示在两个设备中的neighbor语句上配置,才能使此功能正常工作。
cEdge1#
show run | sec router bgp
router bgp 65400 bgp log-neighbor-changes ! address-family ipv4 vrf 1 redistribute omp neighbor 192.168.160.215 remote-as 65400 neighbor 192.168.160.215 activate neighbor 192.168.160.215 send-community both exit-address-family cEdge2#
show run | sec router bgp
router bgp 65400 bgp log-neighbor-changes ! address-family ipv4 vrf 1 neighbor 192.168.160.214 remote-as 65400 neighbor 192.168.160.214 activate neighbor 192.168.160.214 send-community both exit-address-family
使用Packet Tracer的输出可以看到 show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf 1
从广告站点或接收站点获取。
示例:
cEdge1#
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf 1 10.1.1.1
BGP routing table entry for 1:10:10.1.1.1/24, version 4 Paths: (1 available, best #1, table 1) Advertised to update-groups: 1 Refresh Epoch 1 Local 192.168.30.215 (via default) from 0.0.0.0 (192.168.109.215) Origin incomplete, metric 1000, localpref 50, valid, sourced, best Extended Community: SoO:0:214215 RT:1:1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Jul 5 2152 23:30:55 UTC
在将前缀从OMP通告到BGP的路由器上(本例中为cEdge1),RIB中必须仅有OMP路由。
示例:
cEdge1#
show ip route vrf 1 10.1.1.1
Routing Table: 1
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
Known via "omp", distance 251, metric 0, type omp
Redistributing via bgp 65400
Advertised by bgp 65400
Last update from 192.168.30.215 on Sdwan-system-intf, 15:59:54 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 192.168.30.215 (default), from 192.168.30.215, 15:59:54 ago, via Sdwan-system-intf
Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
但是,可能会发生争用情况发生在接收通告前缀的第二个路由器上,并且导致BGP路由在获知OMP路由之前安装到RIB中。
在cEdge2上,sh bpg vpnv4 unicast vrf 1 <prefix> 的输出显示以下内容:
示例:
cEdge2#
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf 1 10.1.1.1
BGP routing table entry for 1:1:10.1.1.1/24, version 32
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table 1)
Not advertised to any peer
Refresh Epoch 1
Local
192.168.160.214 (via vrf 1) from 192.168.160.214 (192.168.54.11)
Origin incomplete, metric 1000, localpref 50, valid, internal, best
Extended Community:
SoO:0:214215
RT:65512:10
rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0
Updated on Jul 6 2152 17:26:19 UTC
在cEdge2上, sh ip route vrf
显示以下内容:
示例:
cEdge2#
show ip route vrf 1 10.1.1.1
Routing Table: 1
Routing entry for 10.1.1.0/24
Known via "bgp 65400",
距离252
, metric 1000, type internal
Redistributing via omp
Last update from 192.168.160.214 00:15:13 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 192.168.160.214, from 192.168.160.214, 00:15:13 ago
opaque_ptr 0x7F9DD0B86818
SDWAN关闭
Route metric is 1000, traffic share count is 1
AS Hops 0
MPLS label: none
当站点路由器检测到BGP获知的路由来自同一站点ID时,该路由不会通告回OMP。
版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
4.0 |
10-Nov-2022 |
首次公开发布 |
3.0 |
16-Aug-2022 |
添加了“SoO环路预防说明”部分。 |
2.0 |
04-Nov-2021 |
已更新“故障排除”部分中的解决方案2。 |
1.0 |
01-Sep-2020 |
初始版本 |