ASR 5000系列ICMP数据包从CLI生成和分段标识
下载选项
已更新: 2015 年 7 月 27 日
文档 ID:119210
关于此翻译
思科采用人工翻译与机器翻译相结合的方式将此文档翻译成不同语言，希望全球的用户都能通过各自的语言得到支持性的内容。 请注意：即使是最好的机器翻译，其准确度也不及专业翻译人员的水平。 Cisco Systems, Inc. 对于翻译的准确性不承担任何责任，并建议您总是参考英文原始文档（已提供链接）。
简介
本文档介绍在聚合服务路由器(ASR)5000系列平台的CLI中执行ping时，show port命令和ping命令报告的字节数。它还演示了当发送的数据包大于接口中配置的最大传输单位(MTU)时分段的影响。这是排除ping或通常情况下通过机箱的数据包的用户平面问题时应具备的良好背景信息。此外，在节点上尝试ping是确认本文档中介绍的概念的绝佳方法。
问题
指定互联网控制消息协议(ICMP)数据包的大小时，该大小是指封装到数据包中的原始负载。它不包括ICMP报头（8字节）或IP报头（20字节）。 另外值得注意的是以太网报头(14字节=目的MAC(6)+源MAC(6)+以太网帧类型(2))、VLAN标记（4字节）和尾随的以太网帧校验序列（FCS，4字节），后者不会显示在Wireshark跟踪中。
解决方案
查看show port [npu]的输出 | datalink] counters命令，可应用的数学如本例所示。匹配颜色，以便直接了解。本练习在流量很少甚至没有的端口上工作，因为它允许在没有任何其他流量的情况下发送ping命令，以便将结果输出云化。
有效载荷大小:56字节（也是此命令的默认值）
负载+ ICMP报头：64
负载+ ICMP报头+ IP报头：84
负载+ ICMP报头+ IP报头+以太网报头+ VLAN标记：102
负载(56)+ ICMP报头(8)+ IP报头(20)+以太网报头(14)+ VLAN标记(4)+ FCS(4):106
context Ctx
interface 21/1 broadcast
ip address 10.193.82.118 255.255.255.0
ip mtu 1500
#exit
port ethernet 21/1
no shutdown
vlan 30
no shutdown
bind interface 21/1 Ctx
#exit
#exit
[Ctx]ASR5000> show ip arp
Flags codes:
I - Incomplete, R - Reachable, M - Permanent, S - Stale,
D - Delay, P - Probe, F - Failed
Address Link Type Link Address Flags Mask Interface
10.193.82.1 ether 00:00:0C:07:AC:1E R 21/1
[Ctx]ASR5000> show ip route
"*" indicates the Best or Used route. S indicates Stale.
Destination Nexthop Protocol Prec Cost Interface
*0.0.0.0/0 10.193.82.1 static 1 0 21/1
[Ctx]ASR5000> clear port data counters 21/1
Saturday April 12 14:06:21 UTC 2014
[Ctx]ASR5000> clear port npu count 21/1
Saturday April 12 14:06:21 UTC 2014
[Ctx]ASR5000> ping 10.193.82.1 count 1 size 56
Saturday April 12 14:06:21 UTC 2014
PING 10.193.82.1 (10.193.82.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.193.82.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.957 ms
--- 10.193.82.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.957/0.957/0.957/0.000 ms
Note that the datalink counters include the FCS bytes, while both datalink and npu
counters include the ethernet frame and vlan tags.
[Ctx]ASR5000> show port datalink count 21/1
Saturday April 12 14:06:25 UTC 2014
Counters for port 21/1:
Line Card Gigabit Ethernet Port
Rx Counter Data | Tx Counter Data
----------------------- -------------- + ----------------------- -------------
RX Unicast frames 112 | TX Unicast frames 1
RX Multicast frames 3 | TX Multicast frames 0
RX Broadcast frames 9 | TX Broadcast frames 0
RX Size 64 frames 0 | TX Size 64 frames 0
RX Size 65 .. 127 fr 14 | TX Size 65 .. 127 fr 1
RX Size 128 .. 255 fr 0 | TX Size 128 .. 255 fr 0
RX Size 256 .. 511 fr 110 | TX Size 256 .. 511 fr 0
RX Size 512 .. 1023 fr 0 | TX Size 512 .. 1023 fr 0
RX Size 1024 .. 1518 fr 0 | TX Size 1024 .. 1518 fr 0
RX Size > 1518 frames 0 | TX Size > 1518 frames 0
RX Bytes OK 43966 | TX Bytes OK 106
RX Bytes BAD 0 | TX Bytes BAD 0
RX SHORT OK 0 | TX PAUSE 0
RX SHORT CRC 0 | TX ERR 0
RX OVF 0 |
RX NORM CRC 0 |
RX LONG OK 0 |
RX LONG CRC 0 |
RX PAUSE 0 |
RX FALS CRS 0 |
RX SYM ERR 0 |
----------------------- -------------- + ----------------------- -------------
[Ctx]ASR5000> show port npu count 21/1
Saturday April 12 14:06:25 UTC 2014
Counters for port 21/1
Counter Rx Frames Rx Bytes Tx Frames Tx Bytes
-------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------- ---------------
Unicast 1 102 1 102
Multicast 3 202 0 0
Broadcast 8 512 0 0
IPv4 unicast 1 102 1 102
IPv4 non-unicast 1 66 0 0
IPv6 unicast 0 0 0 0
IPv6 non-unicast 0 0 0 0
Fragments received 0 0 n/a n/a
Packets reassembled 0 0 n/a n/a
Fragments to kernel 0 0 n/a n/a
HW error 0 0 n/a n/a
Port non-operational 0 0 0 0
SRC MAC is multicast 0 0 n/a n/a
Unknown VLAN tag 0 0 n/a n/a
Other protocols 2 136 n/a n/a
Not IPv4 0 0 n/a n/a
Bad IPv4 header 0 0 n/a n/a
IPv4 MRU exceeded 0 0 n/a n/a
TCP tiny fragment 0 0 0 0
No ACL match 0 0 0 0
Filtered by ACL 0 0 0 0
TTL expired 0 0 n/a n/a
Flow lookup twice 0 0 n/a n/a
Unknown IPv4 class 0 0 n/a n/a
Too short: IP 0 0 n/a n/a
Too short: ICMP 0 0 0 0
Too short: IGMP 0 0 0 0
Too short: TCP 0 0 0 0
Too short: UDP 0 0 0 0
Too short: IPIP 0 0 n/a n/a
Too short: GRE 0 0 n/a n/a
Too short: GRE key 0 0 n/a n/a
Don't frag discards n/a n/a 0 0
Fragment packets n/a n/a 0 0
Fragment fragments n/a n/a 0 0
IPv4VlanMap dropped 0 0 n/a n/a
IPSec NATT keep alive 0 0 n/a n/a
MPLS Flow not found 0 0 n/a n/a
MPLS unicast 0 0 0 0
Size < 17 0 0 0 0
Size 17 .. 64 8 512 0 0
Size 65 .. 127 4 304 1 102
Size 128 .. 255 0 0 0 0
Size 256 .. 511 0 0 0 0
Size 512 .. 1023 0 0 0 0
Size 1024 .. 2047 0 0 0 0
Size 2048 .. 4095 0 0 0 0
Size 4096 .. 4500 0 0 0 0
Size > 4500 0 0 0 0
IP 分段
IP数据包分段是指数据包的大小（包括IP报头，但不包括任何第2层数据，如源/目的MAC、VLAN ID或FSC）被分割成多个网段以符合接口的“ip mtu”设置（默认值1500）。 在本示例中，当MTU设置为默认大小1500时，尝试发送的ICMP负载大小为1472时，不会分段(1472 + ICMP报头(8)+ IP报头(20)= 1500)，但会分段任何大于此大小的ICMP负载。当发生分段时，端口npu和datalink计数器中会计到两个数据包分段，每个适当大小的桶中会计一个。完成500个数据包的泛洪ping操作后，将发送1000个分段；500表示大型，500表示小型。此示例在ASR 5500上运行（与ASR 5000上的前一个输出示例相比），但在两个平台上都同样适用。
[ECS]ASR500> show ip interface
Thursday July 16 00:31:39 UTC 2015
Intf Name: 5/29-ECS
Intf Type: Broadcast
Description:
VRF: None
IP State: UP (Bound to 5/29 vlan id 31, 802.1P prior 0, ifIndex 85786626)
IP Address: 10.213.137.105 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Bcast Address: 10.213.137.255 MTU: 1500
Resoln Type: ARP ARP timeout: 60 secs
L3 monitor LC-port switchover: Disabled
Number of Secondary Addresses: 0
port ethernet 5/29
no shutdown
vlan 31
no shutdown
bind interface 5/29-ECS ECS
#exit
#exit
首先，为计数器建立基线。指定NPU计数器的VLAN ID（以确认所有ping都附加了VLAN ID）。
[ECS]ASR5500> clear port datalink counters 5/29
Friday July 17 23:53:46 UTC 2015
[ECS]ASR5500> show port datalink counters 5/29
Friday July 17 23:53:46 UTC 2015
rCounters for port 5/29:
Line Card 10 Gigabit Ethernet Port
Rx Counter Data | Tx Counter Data
----------------------- -------------- + ----------------------- -------------
RX Bytes 406 | TX Bytes 0
RX Unicast frames 0 | TX Unicast frames 0
RX Multicast frames 4 | TX Multicast frames 0
RX Broadcast frames 1 | TX Broadcast frames 0
RX Size 64 frames 0 | TX Size 64 frames 0
RX Size 65 .. 127 fr 5 | TX Size 65 .. 127 fr 0
RX Size 128 .. 255 fr 0 | TX Size 128 .. 255 fr 0
RX Size 256 .. 511 fr 0 | TX Size 256 .. 511 fr 0
RX Size 512 .. 1023 fr 0 | TX Size 512 .. 1023 fr 0
RX Size 1024 .. 1518 fr 0 | TX Size 1024 .. 1518 fr 0
RX Size 1519 .. 1522 fr 0 | TX Size 1519 .. 1522 fr 0
----------------------- -------------- + ----------------------- -------------
[ECS]ASR5500> clear port npu counters 5/29 vlan 31
Friday July 17 23:53:47 UTC 2015
[ECS]ASR5500> show port npu counters 5/29 vlan 31
Friday July 17 23:53:47 UTC 2015
Counters for port 5/29 vlan id 31:
Counter Rx Frames Rx Bytes Tx Frames Tx Bytes
-------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------- ---------------
Unicast 0 0 0 0
Multicast 3 196 0 0
Broadcast 1 64 0 0
IPv4 unicast 0 0 0 0
IPv4 non-unicast 3 196 0 0
IPv6 unicast 0 0 0 0
IPv6 non-unicast 0 0 0 0
Fragments received 0 0 n/a n/a
Packets reassembled 0 0 n/a n/a
Fragments to kernel 0 0 n/a n/a
HW error 0 0 n/a n/a
Port non-operational 539 38520 0 0
SRC MAC is multicast 0 0 n/a n/a
Unknown VLAN tag 0 0 n/a n/a
Other protocols 2 128 n/a n/a
包含IP报头的1500字节的Ping将不分段地发送出去。数据链路层（离开端口时）的总大小为：
1472（负载）+ 8（ICMP报头）+ 20（IP报头）+ 14（MAC源/目的）+ 4(VLAN ID)+ 4(FSC)= 1522
[ECS]ASR5500> ping 10.213.137.1 size 1472 flood
Friday July 17 23:53:48 UTC 2015
PING 10.213.137.1 (10.213.137.1) 1472(1500) bytes of data.
--- 10.213.137.1 ping statistics ---
500 packets transmitted, 500 received, 0% packet loss, time 422ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.405/0.800/0.994/0.143 ms, ipg/ewma 0.845/0.802 ms
[ECS]ASR5500> show port datalink counters 5/29
Friday July 17 23:53:54 UTC 2015
Counters for port 5/29:
Line Card 10 Gigabit Ethernet Port
Rx Counter Data | Tx Counter Data
----------------------- -------------- + ----------------------- -------------
RX Bytes 771008 | TX Bytes 765656
RX Unicast frames 536 | TX Unicast frames 524
RX Multicast frames 45 | TX Multicast frames 0
RX Broadcast frames 20 | TX Broadcast frames 0
RX Size 64 frames 0 | TX Size 64 frames 0
RX Size 65 .. 127 fr 75 | TX Size 65 .. 127 fr 0
RX Size 128 .. 255 fr 24 | TX Size 128 .. 255 fr 18
RX Size 256 .. 511 fr 2 | TX Size 256 .. 511 fr 6
RX Size 512 .. 1023 fr 0 | TX Size 512 .. 1023 fr 0
RX Size 1024 .. 1518 fr 0 | TX Size 1024 .. 1518 fr 0
RX Size 1519 .. 1522 fr 500 | TX Size 1519 .. 1522 fr 500
RX OverSize frames 0 | TX OverSize frames 0
RX UnderSize frames 0 | TX UnderSize frames 0
RX ExceedMaxSize frames 0
RX Fragment frames 0 | TX Fragment frames 0
RX Jabber frames 0 | TX Jabber frames 0
RX Control frames 0 | TX Control frames 0
RX Pause frames 0 | TX Pause frames 0
RX FCS Error frames 0 | TX FCS Error frames 0
RX Length Error frames 0 | TX Length Error frames 0
RX Code Error frames 0
RX ExMaxSize Err frames 0
----------------------- -------------- + ----------------------- -------------
[ECS]ASR5500> show port npu counters 5/29 vlan 31
Friday July 17 23:53:54 UTC 2015
Counters for port 5/29 vlan id 31:
Counter Rx Frames Rx Bytes Tx Frames Tx Bytes
-------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------- ---------------
Unicast 520 761900 520 762800
Multicast 38 2811 0 0
Broadcast 18 1408 0 0
IPv4 unicast 538 763308 520 762800
IPv4 non-unicast 30 2027 0 0
IPv6 unicast 0 0 0 0
IPv6 non-unicast 8 784 0 0
Fragments received 0 0 n/a n/a
Packets reassembled 0 0 n/a n/a
Fragments to kernel 0 0 n/a n/a
HW error 0 0 n/a n/a
Port non-operational 9482 681251 0 0
SRC MAC is multicast 0 0 n/a n/a
Unknown VLAN tag 0 0 n/a n/a
Other protocols 20 1280 n/a n/a
Not IPv4 8 784 n/a n/a
...
Size 0 .. 63 0 0 0 0
Size 64 .. 127 70 5193 0 0
Size 128 .. 255 24 3408 18 2580
Size 256 .. 511 0 0 6 1980
Size 512 .. 1023 0 0 0 0
Size 1024 .. 2047 500 759000 500 759000
Size 2048 .. 4095 0 0 0 0
Size 4096 .. 8191 0 0 0 0
Size >= 8192 0 0 0 0
大小增加一个字节会导致分段(> 1500)，因此500个数据包将作为两组500个数据包发送。请注意，在本示例中，ping失败。这可能是因为网络无法处理大于已配置MTU的大小，但这不是本文的重点。
[ECS]ASR5500> ping 10.213.137.1 size 1473 flood
Friday July 17 23:53:55 UTC 2015
PING 10.213.137.1 (10.213.137.1) 1473(1501) bytes of data.
................................................................................
................................................................................
................................................................................
................................................................................
................................................................................
................................................................................
....................^C
--- 10.213.137.1 ping statistics ---
500 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 7124ms
, ipg/ewma 14.277/0.000 ms
[ECS]ASR5500> show port datalink counters 5/29
Friday July 17 23:54:05 UTC 2015
Counters for port 5/29:
Line Card 10 Gigabit Ethernet Port
Rx Counter Data | Tx Counter Data
----------------------- -------------- + ----------------------- -------------
RX Bytes 786615 | TX Bytes 1566628
RX Unicast frames 601 | TX Unicast frames 1567
RX Multicast frames 111 | TX Multicast frames 0
RX Broadcast frames 47 | TX Broadcast frames 0
RX Size 64 frames 0 | TX Size 64 frames 501
RX Size 65 .. 127 fr 190 | TX Size 65 .. 127 fr 2
RX Size 128 .. 255 fr 64 | TX Size 128 .. 255 fr 48
RX Size 256 .. 511 fr 5 | TX Size 256 .. 511 fr 16
RX Size 512 .. 1023 fr 0 | TX Size 512 .. 1023 fr 0
RX Size 1024 .. 1518 fr 0 | TX Size 1024 .. 1518 fr 0
RX Size 1519 .. 1522 fr 500 | TX Size 1519 .. 1522 fr 1000
RX ExceedMaxSize frames 0
RX Fragment frames 0 | TX Fragment frames 0
RX Jabber frames 0 | TX Jabber frames 0
RX Control frames 0 | TX Control frames 0
RX Pause frames 0 | TX Pause frames 0
RX FCS Error frames 0 | TX FCS Error frames 0
RX Length Error frames 0 | TX Length Error frames 0
RX Code Error frames 0
RX ExMaxSize Err frames 0
----------------------- -------------- + ----------------------- -------------
[ECS]ASR5500> show port npu counters 5/29 vlan 31
Friday July 17 23:54:06 UTC 2015
Counters for port 5/29 vlan id 31:
Counter Rx Frames Rx Bytes Tx Frames Tx Bytes
-------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------- ---------------
Unicast 554 766984 1562 1549040
Multicast 94 6962 0 0
Broadcast 53 4294 0 0
IPv4 unicast 607 771278 1562 1549040
IPv4 non-unicast 73 4904 0 0
IPv6 unicast 0 0 0 0
IPv6 non-unicast 21 2058 0 0
Fragments received 0 0 n/a n/a
Packets reassembled 0 0 n/a n/a
Fragments to kernel 0 0 n/a n/a
HW error 0 0 n/a n/a
Port non-operational 25146 1805666 0 0
SRC MAC is multicast 0 0 n/a n/a
Unknown VLAN tag 0 0 n/a n/a
Other protocols 68 4742 n/a n/a
Not IPv4 21 2058 n/a n/a
...
Size 0 .. 63 0 0 501 19546
Size 64 .. 127 188 14154 2 140
Size 128 .. 255 60 8520 45 6450
Size 256 .. 511 0 0 15 4950
Size 512 .. 1023 0 0 0 0
Size 1024 .. 2047 500 759000 1000 1518000
Size 2048 .. 4095 0 0 0 0
Size 4096 .. 8191 0 0 0 0
Size >= 8192 0 0 0 0
Revision History
| Revision | Publish Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|
1.0 |
27-Jul-2015 |
Initial Release |
由思科工程师提供
- Dave DamerjianCisco Technical Services
反馈