ZTP op Catalyst 9000 Series Switches configureren en problemen oplossen (Cat9k/C9k)

Inleiding

Dit document beschrijft het configureren en leveren van Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP) op Cisco Catalyst 9k Series-Switches. 

Voorwaarden

Vereisten 

Cisco raadt kennis van de volgende onderwerpen aan:

• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)-serverconfiguratie op de switch
• Python-basiscode 
• Basis van HTTP/TFTP-service

Ondersteunde platforms

• Catalyst 9300 Series switches met 16.5.1a versie
• Catalyst 9500 Series switches met 16.5.1a versie
• Catalyst 9400 Series switches met 16.6.2 versie

HTTP-service instellen

Stap 1. Installeer HTTP-service in end host (voorbeeld Linux)

sudo apt update
sudo apt install apache2

Stap 2. Python-bestand maken op http.py

Als er een probleem met de toestemming is, gebruikt u  chmod 777  om volledige toestemming te geven voor het bestand.

Python-bestand heeft de volgende taken:

1. Toon opdrachtverificatie.

2. Loopback-configuratie.

3. Configuratie-verificatie.

#Importing cli module
import cli

print "\n\n Running show version \n\n"
cli.executep('show version')

print "\n\n Configure a Loopback Interface \n\n"
cli.configurep(["interface loop 25", "ip address 192.168.0.25 255.255.255.255", "end"])

print "\n\n Running show ip interface brief \n\n"
cli.executep('show ip int brief | i up')

print "\n\n ZTP is success \n\n"

Dit bestand moet worden opgeslagen onder  /var/www/html  in de Linux-machine.

vm: /var/www/html$ -ls -l ztp_http.py
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 346 Apr 04 14:14 ztp_http.py

Stap 3. Controleer HTTP-service- en -luisterpoort

Gebruik de serviceopdracht om te controleren of de HTTP-service nu is gestart en actief is.

vm: /var/www/html$ sudo service apache2 status
Active: active (running)

Controleer naar welke poort de HTTP-service nu luistert.

vm: /var/www/html$ sudo netstat -anp | grep apache
tcp6 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1998/apache2 <<<< Listens at 80

Stap 4. Browser Verificatie van poort

Controleer of het bestand kan worden gedownload met een webbrowser.

1. Open elke browser binnen dezelfde machine, in dit geval Linux.

2. Voer dit in op de zoekbalk  localhost:80/ztp_http.py

3. Downloads van bestanden automatisch.

DHCP-service instellen

Stap 1. Provisioning-interfaceconfiguratie (nieuw apparaat)

De nieuwe switch zal naar verwachting worden aangesloten op G1/0/1.

enable
configure terminal
interface g1/0/1
description New_9300_switch
switchport
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 1

Stap 2. Configuratie van HTTP-server-Connected interface

HTTP-server (Linux) is rechtstreeks verbonden met 3850 switches, bijvoorbeeld op de interface G1/0/2.

enable
configure terminal
interface g1/0/2
description Linux_is_connected_here
switchport
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 1

Stap 3. DHCP-toepassingsconfiguratie

Voorbeeld van DHCP-poolconfiguratie met optie 67.

enable
configure terminal
ip dhcp pool ZTP_Pool
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 10.0.0.1
option 67 ascii http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py
end

Verifiëren

Er is momenteel geen verificatieprocedure beschikbaar voor deze configuratie.

Werkresultaten

No startup-config, starting autoinstall/pnp/ztp...

Autoinstall will terminate if any input is detected on console


--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: <<<<<<<< Do not provide any input during this time.
Autoinstall trying DHCPv6 on Vlan1

Autoinstall trying DHCPv4 on Vlan1

Acquired IPv4 address 10.0.0.10 on Interface Vlan1
Received following DHCPv4 options:
bootfile : http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py

stop Autoip process
OK to enter CLI now...

pnp-discovery can be monitored without entering enable mode

Entering enable mode will stop pnp-discovery

Attempting bootfile http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py

Loading http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py
Loading http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py day0guestshell activated successfully
Current state is: ACTIVATED
day0guestshell started successfully
Current state is: RUNNING
Guestshell enabled successfully


Running show version         <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< show command executed


Cisco IOS XE Software, Version 17.06.04
Cisco IOS Software [Bengaluru], Catalyst L3 Switch Software (CAT9K_IOSXE), Version 17.6.4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

<snipped>

Model Number : C9300L-48T-4X
System Serial Number : FOC2531LGM8
CLEI Code Number :
Switch Ports Model SW Version SW Image Mode
------ ----- ----- ---------- ---------- ----
* 1 53 C9300L-48T-4X 17.06.04 CAT9K_IOSXE BUNDLE




Configure a Loopback interface    <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< configuration


Line 1 SUCCESS: interface loop 25
Line 2 SUCCESS: ip address 192.168.0.25 255.255.255.255
Line 3 SUCCESS: end




Running show ip int brief  <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< Config Verification


Vlan1 10.0.0.10 YES DHCP up up
Vlan4094 192.168.2.1 YES manual up down
GigabitEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset up up
GigabitEthernet1/0/2 unassigned YES unset up up
GigabitEthernet1/0/3 unassigned YES unset up up
Ap1/0/1 unassigned YES unset up up
Loopback25 192.168.0.25 YES other up up




ZTP is success




Guestshell destroyed successfully
Script execution success!  <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< Success message

Problemen oplossen

Deze sectie bevat informatie waarmee u problemen met de configuratie kunt oplossen.

Veelvoorkomende problemen

1. Een andere DHCP-server aanwezig in het netwerk

No startup-config, starting autoinstall/pnp/ztp...

Autoinstall will terminate if any input is detected on console


--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]:
Autoinstall trying DHCPv6 on Vlan1

Autoinstall trying DHCPv4 on Vlan1

Acquired IPv4 address 192.168.45.117 on Interface Vlan1 <<<<<<<<<< Gets different ip from another DHCP server.
Received following DHCPv4 options:
hostname : Switch

stop Autoip process
OK to enter CLI now...

pnp-discovery can be monitored without entering enable mode

Entering enable mode will stop pnp-discovery
Guestshell destroyed successfully

stop Autoip process
% Please answer 'yes' or 'no'.
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

2. Python-bestandsfout

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]:
Autoinstall trying DHCPv6 on Vlan1

Autoinstall trying DHCPv4 on Vlan1

Acquired IPv4 address 10.106.37.69 on Interface Vlan1
Received following DHCPv4 options:
bootfile : http://10.106.37.59:80/ztp_http.py

stop Autoip process
OK to enter CLI now...

pnp-discovery can be monitored without entering enable mode

Entering enable mode will stop pnp-discovery

Attempting bootfile http://10.106.37.59:80/ztp_http.py

Loading http://10.106.37.59:80/ztp_http.py
Loading http://10.106.37.59:80/ztp_http.py day0guestshell activated successfully
Current state is: ACTIVATED
day0guestshell started successfully
Current state is: RUNNING
Guestshell enabled successfully
File "/bootflash/guest-share/downloaded_script.py", line 1
print "\n\n Running show version \n\n"
^
SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'. Did you mean print("\n\n Running show version \n\n")?  <<<<<< Error

Guestshell destroyed successfully
Script execution success!

3. HTTP-servicepoortnummer

HTTP-service luistert op verschillende poorten, zoals 8080, maar de DHCP-configuratie voor optie 67 wijst naar 80.

enable
configure terminal
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.0.2
ip dhcp pool ZTP_Pool
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 10.0.0.1
option 67 ascii http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py    <<<<<<<<<<<<< Change to 8080

4. Dubbel IP-adres

Controleer het DHCP-bereik en sluit het IP-adres uit dat aan de HTTP-server is toegewezen.

enable
configure terminal
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.0.2     <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< Exclude HTTP server address.
ip dhcp pool ZTP_Pool
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 10.0.0.1
option 67 ascii http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py

5. Controleer HTTP-service, stop en herstart

vm: /var/www/html$ sudo service apache2 stop
vm: /var/www/html$ sudo service apache2 start
vm: /var/www/html$ sudo service apache2 status

PacketCapture

HTTP-uitwisselingssamenvatting:

10.0.0.10    10.0.0.2    HTTP  183  GET /http_ztp.py HTTP/1.1        <<<<<< HTTPGETrequest
10.0.0.2     10.0.0.10   HTTP  245  HTTP/1.1 200 OK (text/x-python)  <<<<<< Response

HTTP-respons in detail:

Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n
Content-Type: text/x-python\r\n
Content-Length: 20\r\n 
Date: Tue, 04 Apr 2023 12:24:02 GMT\r\n
Connection: keep-alive\r\n
Keep-Alive: timeout=5\r\n
\r\n
[HTTP response 1/2]
[Time since request: 0.204568243 seconds]
[Request in frame: 21]
[Next request in frame: 25]
[Next response in frame: 26]
[Request URI: http://10.0.0.2:80/http_ztp.py] >>>>>>> URL