BRI ISDN Backup con interfaccia di backup

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Aggiornato:4 febbraio 2010
ID documento:11047

Linguaggio senza pregiudizi

La documentazione per questo prodotto è stata redatta cercando di utilizzare un linguaggio senza pregiudizi. Ai fini di questa documentazione, per linguaggio senza di pregiudizi si intende un linguaggio che non implica discriminazioni basate su età, disabilità, genere, identità razziale, identità etnica, orientamento sessuale, status socioeconomico e intersezionalità. Le eventuali eccezioni possono dipendere dal linguaggio codificato nelle interfacce utente del software del prodotto, dal linguaggio utilizzato nella documentazione RFP o dal linguaggio utilizzato in prodotti di terze parti a cui si fa riferimento. Scopri di più sul modo in cui Cisco utilizza il linguaggio inclusivo.

Informazioni su questa traduzione

Cisco ha tradotto questo documento utilizzando una combinazione di tecnologie automatiche e umane per offrire ai nostri utenti in tutto il mondo contenuti di supporto nella propria lingua. Si noti che anche la migliore traduzione automatica non sarà mai accurata come quella fornita da un traduttore professionista. Cisco Systems, Inc. non si assume alcuna responsabilità per l’accuratezza di queste traduzioni e consiglia di consultare sempre il documento originale in inglese (disponibile al link fornito).

Introduzione

In questo documento viene fornito un esempio di configurazione per il backup ISDN e vengono fornite informazioni di base per la risoluzione dei problemi relativi a questo tipo di configurazione.

Per informazioni sulle implementazioni più comuni di backup ISDN e sui relativi confronti, consultare il documento seguente: Valutazione delle interfacce di backup, percorsi statici mobili e Dialer Watch per il backup DDR.

Prerequisiti

Requisiti

Non sono previsti prerequisiti specifici per questo documento.

Componenti usati

Le informazioni fornite in questo documento si basano sulle versioni software e hardware riportate di seguito.

  • Due router Cisco 2500 (apparecchiature terminali dati Frame Relay [DTE] ) con software Cisco IOS® versione 12.2(3) e 12.2(5).

  • Un router Cisco 4500 che funziona come switch Frame Relay.

Le informazioni discusse in questo documento fanno riferimento a dispositivi usati in uno specifico ambiente di emulazione. Su tutti i dispositivi menzionati nel documento la configurazione è stata ripristinata ai valori predefiniti. Se la rete è operativa, valutare attentamente eventuali conseguenze derivanti dall'uso dei comandi.

Convenzioni

Per ulteriori informazioni sulle convenzioni usate, consultare il documento Cisco sulle convenzioni nei suggerimenti tecnici.

Configurazione

In questa sezione vengono presentate le informazioni necessarie per configurare le funzionalità descritte più avanti nel documento.

Nota: per ulteriori informazioni sui comandi menzionati in questo documento, usare lo strumento di ricerca dei comandi (solo utenti registrati).

Esempio di rete

Questo documento utilizza le impostazioni di rete mostrate nel diagramma sottostante.

bri_isdn_11047.gif

Configurazioni

Questo documento utilizza le configurazioni mostrate di seguito.

krimson (Cisco 2500 Router) 
krimson#show running-config
Building configuration...

!
version 12.2
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
         
!
hostname krimson
!
!
username kevin password 0 <password> !
isdn switch-type basic-net3
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.7.7.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network point-to-point
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 10.200.16.30 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1
bandwidth 64
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
!
interface Serial1.1 point-to-point
backup interface Dialer0
ip address 10.5.5.2 255.255.255.0
no ip route-cache
frame-relay interface-dlci 20 
!
interface BRI0
description Testanschluss ISDN(intern), Nr. 4420038
no ip address
encapsulation ppp
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
load-interval 30
no keepalive
dialer pool-member 1
isdn switch-type basic-net3
no fair-queue
no cdp enable
ppp authentication chap
!
interface Dialer0
ip address 10.9.9.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation ppp
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
dialer pool 1
dialer remote-name kevin
dialer string 6120
dialer-group 1
no cdp enable
ppp authentication chap
!
router ospf 10
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.5.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.7.7.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.9.9.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip default-gateway 10.200.16.1
no ip classless
no ip http server
!
access-list 105 permit ip any host 10.7.7.1
access-list 105 permit ip any host 10.8.8.1
access-list 105 permit ip any any
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
privilege level 15
line aux 0
transport input all
line vty 0 4
exec-timeout 0 0
password <password> login
!
end

Kevin (Cisco 2500 Router) 
kevin#show running-config
Building configuration...

version 12.2
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
!
hostname kevin
!
!
username krimson password 0 <password> !
isdn switch-type basic-net3
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.8.8.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network point-to-point
!
interface Loopback1
ip address 172.19.0.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 10.200.16.26 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface Serial0.1 point-to-point
ip address 10.5.5.1 255.255.255.0
no cdp enable
frame-relay interface-dlci 20 
!
interface BRI0
no ip address
encapsulation ppp
dialer pool-member 1
isdn switch-type basic-net3
no cdp enable
ppp authentication chap
!
interface Dialer0
ip address 10.9.9.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation ppp
dialer pool 1
dialer remote-name krimson
dialer-group 1
no cdp enable
ppp authentication chap
!
router ospf 10
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.5.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.8.8.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.9.9.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip default-gateway 10.200.16.1
ip classless
!
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
no cdp run
!        
line con 0        
exec-timeout 0 0
line aux 0
modem InOut
line vty 0 4
exec-timeout 0 0
password <password> login
!
ntp clock-period 17180102
ntp server 10.200.20.134
end

Verifica

Le informazioni contenute in questa sezione permettono di verificare che la configurazione funzioni correttamente.

Utilizzare i seguenti comandi per verificare la configurazione:

Alcuni comandi show sono supportati dallo strumento Output Interpreter, che consente di visualizzare un'analisi dell'output del comando show.

  • show interfaces serial: visualizza le informazioni sul DLCI (Multicast Data-Link Connection Identifier), sui DLCI utilizzati sull'interfaccia e sul DLCI utilizzato per l'LMI (Local Management Interface).

  • show interface dialer: visualizza le informazioni sull'interfaccia della connessione telefonica.

  • show ip route: visualizza le voci della tabella di routing IP. 

   krimson#show interface serial 1.1 

 ! --- The initial state before the simulated Frame Relay network failure. ! --- The primary link is up and functional. 

   
   Serial1.1 is up, line protocol is up 
   Hardware is HD64570
   Internet address is 10.5.5.2/24
   Backup interface Dialer0, failure delay 0 sec, 
   secondary disable delay 0 sec
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, 
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
   Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY
   
   krimson#show int dialer 0 

 ! --- Initial state. The backup interface is in standby mode and inactive.

   Dialer0 is standby mode (spoofing), line protocol is down (spoofing)
   Hardware is Unknown
   Internet address is 10.9.9.1/24
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 56 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, 
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
   Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set
   DTR is pulsed for 1 seconds on reset
   Last input 1w6d, output never, output hang never
   Last clearing of "show interface" counters 6w4d
   Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
   Queueing strategy: weighted fair
   Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) 
   Conversations 0/1/16 (active/max active/max total)
   Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
   Available Bandwidth 42 kilobits/sec
   5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   596 packets input, 48924 bytes
   600 packets output, 49280 bytes
   
   krimson#show ip route
   Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
   D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
   N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
   E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
   i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
   * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
   P - periodic downloaded static route
   
   Gateway of last resort is 10.200.16.1 to network 0.0.0.0
   
   192.168.64.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
   C 192.168.64.0 is directly connected, Dialer4
   10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 6 subnets
   O 10.9.9.0 [110/3347] via 10.5.5.1, 00:03:34, Serial1.1
   O 10.8.8.0 [110/1563] via 10.5.5.1, 00:03:34, Serial1.1 

 ! --- The route to the tested destination network points to the ! --- still-active primary link.

   
   C 10.5.5.0 is directly connected, Serial1.1
   C 10.7.7.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
   C 10.9.8.0 is directly connected, Dialer1
   C 10.200.16.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
   S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.200.16.1

Qui possiamo vedere che l'interfaccia Frame Relay si sta riducendo.

   krimson#
   *Apr 16 23:56:47.840: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, 
   changed state to down
   *Apr 16 23:56:47.848: OSPF: Interface Serial1.1 going Down 

 ! --- Here we have simulated a failure within the Frame Relay network. ! --- We can see what was conducted to the Frame Relay DTE router, ! --- and the subinterface going down.

   *Apr 16 23:56:47.852: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, 
   Nbr 172.19.0.1 on Serial1.1    
   from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.736: BACKUP(Serial1.1): event = primary went down
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.740: BACKUP(Serial1.1): changed state to 
   "waiting to backup"
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.744: BACKUP(Serial1.1): event = timer expired
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.748: Di0 DDR is shutdown, could not clear interface.
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.752: BACKUP(Serial1.1): 
   secondary interface (Dialer0) made active 

 ! --- The configured backup interface is active.

   *Apr 16 23:56:48.752: BACKUP(Serial1.1): changed state to "backup mode"
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.756: OSPF: Interface Dialer0 going Up
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.760: BR0 DDR: rotor dialout [priority]
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.764: BR0 DDR: Dialing cause ip (s=10.9.9.1, d=224.0.0.5) 

 ! --- OSPF packets trigger the call.

   *Apr 16 23:56:48.768: BR0 DDR: Attempting to dial 6120
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.784: ISDN BR0: TX -> SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x3E
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.792: Bearer Capability i = 0x8890
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.796: Channel ID i = 0x83
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.804: Called Party Number i = 0x80, '6120', 
   Plan:Unknown, Type:Unknown
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.844: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on  
   Interface Serial1, changed state to down
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.884: ISDN BR0: RX <- CALL_PROC pd = 8 callref = 0xBE
   *Apr 16 23:56:48.892: Channel ID i = 0x89
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.144: ISDN BR0: RX <- CONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0xBE
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.160: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, 
   changed state to up
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.168: %DIALER-6-BIND: 
   Interface BR0:1 bound to profile Di0
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.176: BR0:1 PPP: Treating connection as a callout
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.180: BR0:1 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING, Active Open 
   [0 sess, 0 load]
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.184: BR0:1 LCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 49 len 15
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.188: BR0:1 LCP: AuthProto CHAP (0x0305C22305)
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.188: BR0:1 LCP: MagicNumber 0xF2143EDB (0x0506F2143EDB)
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.196: ISDN BR0: TX -> CONNECT_ACK pd = 8 callref = 0x3E
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.224: BR0:1 LCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 83 len 15
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.228: BR0:1 LCP: AuthProto CHAP (0x0305C22305)
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.232: BR0:1 LCP: MagicNumber 0x9ADACD69 (0x05069ADACD69)
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.236: BR0:1 LCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 83 len 15
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.236: BR0:1 LCP: AuthProto CHAP (0x0305C22305)
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.240: BR0:1 LCP: MagicNumber 0x9ADACD69 (0x05069ADACD69)
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.244: BR0:1 LCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 49 len 15
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.248: BR0:1 LCP: AuthProto CHAP (0x0305C22305)
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.252: BR0:1 LCP: MagicNumber 0xF2143EDB (0x0506F2143EDB)
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.252: BR0:1 LCP: State is Open
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.256: BR0:1 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, by both 
   [0 sess, 0 load]
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.260: BR0:1 CHAP: O CHALLENGE id 49 len 28 from "krimson"
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.276: BR0:1 CHAP: I CHALLENGE id 51 len 26 from "kevin"
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.284: BR0:1 CHAP: O RESPONSE id 51 len 28 from "krimson"
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.332: BR0:1 CHAP: I SUCCESS id 51 len 4
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.344: BR0:1 CHAP: I RESPONSE id 49 len 26 from "kevin"
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.352: BR0:1 CHAP: O SUCCESS id 49 len 4
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.356: BR0:1 PPP: Phase is UP [0 sess, 0 load]
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.360: BR0:1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [Not negotiated] id 41 len 10
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.364: BR0:1 IPCP: Address 10.9.9.1 (0x03060A090901)
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.376: BR0:1 IPCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 29 len 10
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.380: BR0:1 IPCP: Address 10.9.9.2 (0x03060A090902)
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.384: BR0:1 IPCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 29 len 10
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.388: BR0:1 IPCP: Address 10.9.9.2 (0x03060A090902)
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.396: BR0:1 IPCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 41 len 10
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.400: BR0:1 IPCP: Address 10.9.9.1 (0x03060A090901)
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.400: BR0:1 IPCP: State is Open
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.408: BR0:1 DDR: dialer protocol up
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.416: Di0 IPCP: Install route to 10.9.9.2
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.960: OSPF: Rcv hello from 172.19.0.1 area 0 from 
   Dialer0 10.9.9.2
   *Apr 16 23:56:49.964: OSPF: End of hello processing
   *Apr 16 23:56:50.356: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: 
   Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up
   *Apr 16 23:56:50.748: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Dialer0, 
   changed state to up
   *Apr 16 23:56:50.752: Di0 LCP: Not allowed on a Dialer Profile
   *Apr 16 23:56:50.752: BACKUP(Dialer0): event = primary came up
   *Apr 16 23:56:55.176: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: 
   Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 6120 kevin
   *Apr 16 23:56:58.804: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 172.19.0.1 on Dialer0 
   seq 0x988 opt 0x42 flag 0x7 len 32 mtu 1500 state INIT
   *Apr 16 23:56:58.808: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 172.19.0.1 
   on Dialer0, state 2WAY
   
   krimson#show interface serial 1.1
   Serial1.1 is down, line protocol is down 
   
! --- The primary link is down.

   Hardware is HD64570
   Internet address is 10.5.5.2/24
   Backup interface Dialer0, failure delay 0 sec, 
   secondary disable delay 0 sec
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, 
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
   Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY
   
   krimson#show interface dialer 0
   Dialer0 is up, line protocol is up (spoofing) 

 ! --- The backup interface is active and bearing traffic.

   Hardware is Unknown
   Internet address is 10.9.9.1/24
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 56 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, 
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
   Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set
   DTR is pulsed for 1 seconds on reset
   Interface is bound to BR0:1
   Last input 1w6d, output never, output hang never
   Last clearing of "show interface" counters 6w4d
   Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
   Queueing strategy: weighted fair
   Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) 
   Conversations 0/1/16 (active/max active/max total)
   Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
   Available Bandwidth 42 kilobits/sec
   5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   614 packets input, 50240 bytes
   618 packets output, 50584 bytes
   Bound to:
   BRI0:1 is up, line protocol is up 
   Hardware is BRI
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, 
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
   Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set
   Keepalive not set
   DTR is pulsed for 1 seconds on reset
   Time to interface disconnect: idle 00:01:57
   Interface is bound to Di0 (Encapsulation PPP)
   LCP Open
   Open: IPCP
   Last input 00:00:01, output 00:00:02, output hang never
   Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
   Queueing strategy: fifo
   Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
   30 second input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   30 second output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   3910 packets input, 394443 bytes, 0 no buffer
   Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
   29 input errors, 18 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 11 abort
   3613 packets output, 222417 bytes, 0 underruns
   0 output errors, 0 collisions, 27 interface resets
   0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
   607 carrier transitions
   
   krimson#show ip route
   Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
   D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
   N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
   E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
   i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
   * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
   P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 10.200.16.1 to network 0.0.0.0
 
192.168.64.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
   C 192.168.64.0 is directly connected, Dialer4
   10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
   C 10.9.9.2/32 is directly connected, Dialer0
   O 10.8.8.0/24 [110/1786] via 10.9.9.2, 00:00:53, Dialer0 
   
! --- The route entry to the destination network is now pointing to ! --- the backup interface as a next hop.

   C 10.9.9.0/24 is directly connected, Dialer0
   C 10.7.7.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
   C 10.9.8.0/24 is directly connected, Dialer1
   C 10.200.16.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
   S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.200.16.1
   
   krimson#ping 10.8.8.1
   Type escape sequence to abort.
   Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.8.8.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
   !!!!!
   Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/36/40 ms

Qui è possibile vedere il sistema tornare allo stato iniziale una volta risolto il problema nella rete Frame Relay:

krimson#show interface serial 1.1
   Serial1.1 is up, line protocol is up 
   Hardware is HD64570
   Internet address is 10.5.5.2/24
   Backup interface Dialer0, failure delay 0 sec, 
   secondary disable delay 0 sec
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, 
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
   Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY
   
   krimson#show interface dialer 0
   Dialer0 is standby mode (spoofing), line protocol is down (spoofing)
   Hardware is Unknown
   Internet address is 10.9.9.1/24
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 56 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, 
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
   Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set
   DTR is pulsed for 1 seconds on reset
   Last input 1w6d, output never, output hang never
   Last clearing of "show interface" counters 6w5d
   Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
   Queueing strategy: weighted fair
   Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) 
   Conversations 0/1/16 (active/max active/max total)
   Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
   Available Bandwidth 42 kilobits/sec
   5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   665 packets input, 54008 bytes
   671 packets output, 54548 bytes
   
   krimson#show ip route
   Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
   D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
   N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
   E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
   i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
   * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
   P - periodic downloaded static route
   Gateway of last resort is 10.200.16.1 to network 0.0.0.0
   192.168.64.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
   C 192.168.64.0 is directly connected, Dialer4
   10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 6 subnets
   O 10.9.9.0 [110/3347] via 10.5.5.1, 00:08:39, Serial1.1
   O 10.8.8.0 [110/1563] via 10.5.5.1, 00:08:39, Serial1.1
   C 10.5.5.0 is directly connected, Serial1.1
   C 10.7.7.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
   C 10.9.8.0 is directly connected, Dialer1
   C 10.200.16.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
   S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.200.16.1
   krimson#

Nota: non è necessaria alcuna configurazione specifica sul lato chiamato.

Lo stesso show output registrato durante il normale funzionamento contiene le seguenti informazioni:

kevin#show interface serial 0.1
   Serial0.1 is up, line protocol is up 

 ! --- The primary interface is up and running.

   Hardware is HD64570
   Internet address is 10.5.5.1/24
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, 
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
   Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY
   
   kevin#show interface dialer 0
   Dialer0 is up (spoofing), line protocol is up (spoofing) 

 ! --- Note: On the called side, the dialer interface is active ! --- and not in standby mode.

   Hardware is Unknown
   Internet address is 10.9.9.2/24
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 56 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, 
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
   Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set
   DTR is pulsed for 1 seconds on reset
   Last input 1w6d, output never, output hang never
   Last clearing of "show interface" counters 4w2d
   Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
   Queueing strategy: weighted fair
   Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) 
   Conversations 0/1/16 (active/max active/max total)
   Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
   Available Bandwidth 42 kilobits/sec
   5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   598 packets input, 49252 bytes
   596 packets output, 48924 bytes

   kevin#show ip route
   Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
   D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
   N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
   E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
   i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
   * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
   P - periodic downloaded static route
   
   Gateway of last resort is 10.200.16.1 to network 0.0.0.0
   
   172.17.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
   S 172.17.247.195 [1/0] via 10.200.16.1
   172.19.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
   C 172.19.0.1 is directly connected, Loopback1
   10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets
   C 10.5.5.0 is directly connected, Serial0.1
   O 10.7.7.0 [110/65] via 10.5.5.2, 00:04:27, Serial0.1
   C 10.9.9.0 is directly connected, Dialer0
   C 10.8.8.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
   C 10.200.16.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
   S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.200.16.1

Di seguito sono riportate le stesse informazioni registrate durante il guasto: 

kevin#show interface serial 0.1
   Serial0.1 is down, line protocol is down 
   Hardware is HD64570
   Internet address is 10.5.5.1/24
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, 
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
   Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY
   
   kevin#show interface dialer 0
   Dialer0 is up, line protocol is up (spoofing)
   Hardware is Unknown
   Internet address is 10.9.9.2/24
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 56 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, 
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
   Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set
   DTR is pulsed for 1 seconds on reset
   Interface is bound to BR0:1
   Last input 1w6d, output never, output hang never
   Last clearing of "show interface" counters 4w2d
   Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
   Queueing strategy: weighted fair
   Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) 
   Conversations 0/1/16 (active/max active/max total)
   Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
   Available Bandwidth 42 kilobits/sec
   5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   618 packets input, 50700 bytes
   616 packets output, 50384 bytes
   Bound to:
   BRI0:1 is up, line protocol is up 
   Hardware is BRI
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, 
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
   Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set
   Keepalive set (10 sec)
   DTR is pulsed for 1 seconds on reset
   Time to interface disconnect: idle 00:01:57
   Interface is bound to Di0 (Encapsulation PPP)
   LCP Open
   Open: IPCP
   Last input 00:00:03, output 00:00:02, output hang never
   Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
   Queueing strategy: fifo
   Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
   5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   1280 packets input, 138077 bytes, 0 no buffer
   Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
   9789 input errors, 9789 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
   1309 packets output, 138487 bytes, 0 underruns
   0 output errors, 0 collisions, 15 interface resets
   0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
   351 carrier transitions
   
   kevin#show ip route
   Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
   D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
   N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
   E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
   i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
   * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
   P - periodic downloaded static route
   Gateway of last resort is 10.200.16.1 to network 0.0.0.0
   172.17.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
   S 172.17.247.195 [1/0] via 10.200.16.1
   172.19.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
   C 172.19.0.1 is directly connected, Loopback1
   10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
   O 10.7.7.0/24 [110/1786] via 10.9.9.1, 00:01:21, Dialer0
   C 10.9.9.0/24 is directly connected, Dialer0
   C 10.8.8.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
   C 10.9.9.1/32 is directly connected, Dialer0
   C 10.200.16.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
   S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.200.16.1

Risoluzione dei problemi

Le informazioni contenute in questa sezione permettono di risolvere i problemi relativi alla configurazione.

Le configurazioni Frame Relay con sottointerfacce point-to-point e Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) come protocollo di routing utilizzate in questa configurazione sono specifiche di questa configurazione. Tuttavia, i passaggi per la risoluzione dei problemi mostrati sono più generali e possono essere utilizzati con configurazioni diverse, ad esempio Frame Relay point-to-multipoint o un collegamento primario con HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control) o incapsulamento PPP (Point to Point Protocol), indipendentemente dal protocollo di routing utilizzato.

Per verificare la funzionalità di backup, una delle interfacce sul router Cisco 4500 che opera come switch Frame Relay è stata messa nello stato shutdown per simulare il problema nella rete Frame Relay. Di conseguenza, lo stato inattivo del PVC viene condotto sul router DTE tramite la rete Frame Relay e un evento di inattività della sottointerfaccia Frame Relay. In questo modo viene attivata l'interfaccia di backup.

Comandi per la risoluzione dei problemi

Nota: prima di usare i comandi di debug, consultare le informazioni importanti sui comandi di debug.

  • debug isdn q931

  • debug backup: esegue il debug degli eventi di backup.

  • debug dialer: visualizza le informazioni di debug sui pacchetti o gli eventi su un'interfaccia dialer.

  • debug ppp negotiation - Fa in modo che il comando debug ppp visualizzi i pacchetti PPP trasmessi durante l'avvio del protocollo PPP, in cui le opzioni PPP vengono negoziate.

  • debug ppp authentication: causa la visualizzazione da parte del comando debug ppp dei messaggi del protocollo di autenticazione, inclusi gli scambi di pacchetti Challenge Authentication Protocol (CHAP) e gli scambi di pacchetti Password Authentication Protocol (PAP).

  • debug ip ospf events: visualizza le informazioni sugli eventi correlati a OSPF, ad esempio le adiacenze, le informazioni di flooding, la selezione del router designato e il calcolo SPF (Shortest Path First)

  • debug frame-relay events: visualizza le informazioni di debug sulle risposte ARP Frame Relay sulle reti che supportano un canale multicast e utilizzano l'indirizzamento dinamico.

Informazioni correlate

Cronologia delle revisioni

Revisione Data di pubblicazione Commenti
1.0
04-Feb-2010
Versione iniziale

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