تكوين تحديد مسار BGP والتحقق من صحته في IOS-XR

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تم التحديث:١٠ ديسمبر ٢٠٢١

معرّف المستند:217097

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تسعى مجموعة الوثائق لهذا المنتج جاهدة لاستخدام لغة خالية من التحيز. لأغراض مجموعة الوثائق هذه، يتم تعريف "خالية من التحيز" على أنها لغة لا تعني التمييز على أساس العمر، والإعاقة، والجنس، والهوية العرقية، والهوية الإثنية، والتوجه الجنسي، والحالة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، والتمييز متعدد الجوانب. قد تكون الاستثناءات موجودة في الوثائق بسبب اللغة التي يتم تشفيرها بشكل ثابت في واجهات المستخدم الخاصة ببرنامج المنتج، أو اللغة المستخدمة بناءً على وثائق RFP، أو اللغة التي يستخدمها منتج الجهة الخارجية المُشار إليه. تعرّف على المزيد حول كيفية استخدام Cisco للغة الشاملة.

حول هذه الترجمة

ترجمت Cisco هذا المستند باستخدام مجموعة من التقنيات الآلية والبشرية لتقديم محتوى دعم للمستخدمين في جميع أنحاء العالم بلغتهم الخاصة. يُرجى ملاحظة أن أفضل ترجمة آلية لن تكون دقيقة كما هو الحال مع الترجمة الاحترافية التي يقدمها مترجم محترف. تخلي Cisco Systems مسئوليتها عن دقة هذه الترجمات وتُوصي بالرجوع دائمًا إلى المستند الإنجليزي الأصلي (الرابط متوفر).

المحتويات

المقدمة

معلومات أساسية

ملخص

تعيين أوامر تحديد المسار في سياسات المسار

1. تعيين تثبيت النسخة الاحتياطية من تحديد المسار 1

2. تعيين إعلانات النسخ الاحتياطي 1 لتحديد المسار

3. تعيين أداة النسخ الاحتياطي لتحديد المسار 1 أداة تثبيت الإعلانات

4. تعيين إعلانات تحديد المسار لكل الإعلانات

5. تعيين أفضل مسار لتحديد المسار

6. تعيين إعلان متعدد المسارات لتحديد المسار

7. تعيين مسار-تحديد النسخة الاحتياطية 1 تثبيت متعدد المسارات-حماية

8. تعيين إعلانات تحديد المسار للنسخ الاحتياطي 1 تثبيت متعدد المسارات للحماية

9. تعيين إعلانات لأفضل مجموعة تحديد مسار

10. تعيين عملية النسخ الاحتياطي لتحديد المسار 1 تثبيت إعلان متعدد المسارات-protect-علان

11. تعيين عنوان متعدد المسارات لتحديد المسار إعلان متعدد المسارات للحماية

12. تعيين إعلان متعدد المسارات لتحديد المسار متعدد المسارات لحماية متعدد المسارات-إعلان

سلوك تحديد مسار جديد كما هو الحال مع Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1

تحديد مسار كل جار ممكن

يتم السماح بعبارات تحديد مسار متعددة المجموعة في نهج مسار واحد

إظهار مسارات BGP بالترتيب الذي يتم استقبالها به

مسار النسخ الاحتياطي مقابل النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة)

الطلب حسب قياس IGP

المقدمة

يصف هذا المستند بيان مجموعة تحديد المسار في سياسة مسار لبروتوكول العبارة الحدودية (BGP) داخل Cisco IOS^®-XR.

معلومات أساسية

تهدف العديد من التصميمات إلى أن تحدد BGP وتعلن عن مسارات متعددة لبادئة واحدة.

وبشكل افتراضي، يتم تحديد مسار BGP واحد فقط كأفضل مسار، ويتم الإعلان عن هذا المسار الأفضل فقط. تحدد خوارزمية تحديد مسار BGP ما يلي:

خوارزمية تحديد مسار BGP الأفضل

وإلى جانب أفضل مسار، يمكن إختيار أفضل مسار ثان كمسار للنسخ الاحتياطي. يمكن إستخدام مسار النسخ الاحتياطي هذا في التصميمات ذات بطاقة PIC BGP (تقارب مستقل بالبادئة).

يمكن أن يقوم BGP بتثبيت مسارات متعددة لتحقيق موازنة الأحمال. يمكن أن يكون ذلك Equal Cost Multipath Balancing (ECMP) Load Balancing أو Unequal Cost Cost Multipath (UCMP). ويتم تثبيت هذه المسارات المتعددة في جدول التوجيه (RIB) ومستوى البيانات أو جدول قاعدة مثيل إعادة التوجيه (FIB) لتحقيق موازنة الأحمال. يعرف جدول FIB أيضا بجدول CEF (إعادة التوجيه السريع من Cisco).

تركز هذه المقالة على هدفين:

كيف نجعل BGP يختار مسارات متعددة ليتم تثبيتها؟
كيف نجعل BGP يعلن عن مسارات متعددة؟

هناك ميزة أخرى مستخدمة من قبل BGP وهي المسارات الإضافية (المسارات الإضافية). تتيح هذه الميزة ل BGP الإعلان عن أكثر من مسار عبر جلسة BGP واحدة.

ملخص

يتم انتقاء المسار الأفضل دائما بواسطة BGP. إن لم يكن الأمر كذلك، فهناك خطأ ما. هذه المقالة لا تغطي هذه السيناريوهات.
يمكن إختيار مسار نسخ إحتياطي إذا تم تكوين الميزة المحددة (على سبيل المثال BGP PIC).
يمكن تكوين سياسة المسار ضمن مجموعة عناوين محددة ل BGP لتحديد المسارات التي سيتم تثبيتها و/أو الإعلان عنها.
قبل Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1، هناك دعم لبيان تحديد مسار واحد فقط في نهج المسار لتحديد مسارات لبادئة معينة.
للبدء مع Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1، هناك دعم لجمل تحديد المسار المتعددة المجموعة في نهج المسار لتحديد مسارات لبادئة معينة.
بدءا من Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1، تمت إضافة ميزة حيث يمكن إستخدام سياسة المسار للإعلان عن مسارات محددة لبادئة BGP إلى جارة BGP.

يتم تحديد المسارات المتعددة المسارات بواسطة BGP بالترتيب لاستلام المسارات. مهما، العرض bgp يبدي أمر ال BGP ممر في ترتيب معجمي.

يمكن إستخدام أمر جديد -تم تقديمه في Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1- لرؤية مسارات BGP بالترتيب الذي تم استقبالها به:

  show bgp <afi> rd <rd> <path_details>

يساعد هذا في التحقق من المسارات المتعددة واستكشاف أخطائها وإصلاحها. إنه يحل السؤال الأساسي عن لماذا يتم إختيار مسار كمسار متعدد المسارات وليس آخر.

مسار الحماية متعددة المسارات هو مسار نسخ إحتياطي ليس متعدد المسارات ولكنه يحمي كل المسارات المتعددة الأخرى.

بدءا من Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1، هناك هذه الكلمة الأساسية الجديدة Multipath-protect-Advertising لبيان تعيين المسار. يمكن إستخدامها للإعلان عن مسار الحماية متعددة المسارات بجانب مسار النسخ الاحتياطي أو بجانب المسارات المتعددة. الأوامر الكاملة التي سيتم إستخدامها في route-policy هي:

   set path-selection backup 1 install multipath-protect advertise multipath-protect-advertise

   set path-selection multipath advertise multipath-protect multipath-protect-advertise

هذه نظرة عامة على الأمر set path-selection مع جميع مجموعات الكلمات الأساسية الخاصة به يوجد شرح أكثر تفصيلا وأمثلة في القسم التالي.

في جميع الحالات أدناه، يتم تثبيت المسار الأفضل. إذا لم تكن كذلك، فهناك خطأ (على سبيل المثال، الخطوة التالية غير صحيحة)، ولكن هذا لا يتعلق بالأمر set path-selection.

لتحديد مسار النسخ الاحتياطي، يجب تمكين ميزة لبروتوكول BGP تسمح بتحديد مسار نسخ BGP الاحتياطي: على سبيل المثال BGP PIC.

يتم تمكين المسارات المتعددة في BGP من خلال أمر عائلة العنوان maximum-paths:

   mamximum-paths {ebgp | eibgp | ibgp} <2-32> (unequal-cost)

حسب التعريف، أفضل مسار هو مسار متعدد المسارات. أفضل مسار هو المسار الوحيد المثبت في جدول التوجيه إذا لم يتم تمكين متعدد المسارات لبروتوكول BGP. يمكنك التحكم في عدد مسارات BGP المثبتة في جدول التوجيه باستخدام الأمر maximum-paths {ebgp | أي بي جي بي | ibgp} <2-32> (تكلفة غير متساوية).

يوفر هذا الجدول نظرة عامة على كل الخيارات باستخدام الأمر set path-selection. لمزيد من التفاصيل والأمثلة، ارجع إلى القسم التالي لكل حالة مقدمة هنا.

ظرف		تثبيت	إعلان
1	تثبيت النسخة الاحتياطية من تحديد المسار 1	تم تثبيت مسار نسخ إحتياطي واحد.	يتم الإعلان عن المسار الأفضل فقط.
2	تعيين إعلانات النسخ الاحتياطي 1 للتحديد على المسار	مسار النسخ الاحتياطي غير مثبت.	يتم الإعلان عن مسار النسخ الاحتياطي.
3	تعيين عملية تحديد المسار النسخة الاحتياطية 1 إعلان تثبيت	تم تثبيت مسار النسخ الاحتياطي.	يتم الإعلان عن مسار النسخ الاحتياطي.
4	تعيين إعلانات تحديد المسار لكل	مسار النسخ الاحتياطي غير مثبت. المسارات متعددة المسارات مثبتة.	يتم الإعلان عن جميع المسارات (أفضل مسار ومسار نسخ إحتياطي ومسار متعدد المسارات وغير متعدد المسارات).
5	ضبط أفضل مسار للتحديد	المسارات متعددة المسارات مثبتة.	يتم الإعلان عن المسار الأفضل فقط.
6	تعيين إعلان متعدد المسارات لتحديد المسار	المسارات متعددة المسارات مثبتة.	يتم الإعلان عن المسارات متعددة المسارات.
7	تعيين مسار-تحديد النسخة الاحتياطية 1 تثبيت متعدد المسارات-حماية	المسارات متعددة المسارات مثبتة. يتم تثبيت مسار آخر كمسار نسخ إحتياطي (مسار 'النسخ الاحتياطي(حماية المسارات المتعددة)' إذا كانت لا تزال هناك مسارات بجوار المسارات المتعددة.	يتم الإعلان عن المسار الأفضل فقط.
8	إعداد إعلانات تحديد المسار للنسخ الاحتياطي 1 تثبيت متعدد المسارات للحماية	المسارات متعددة المسارات مثبتة. يتم تثبيت مسار آخر كمسار نسخ إحتياطي (مسار 'النسخ الاحتياطي(حماية المسارات المتعددة)' إذا كانت لا تزال هناك مسارات بجوار المسارات المتعددة.	يتم الإعلان عن المسار الأفضل ومسار النسخ الاحتياطي. لم يتم الإعلان عن مسار النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة).
9	تعيين إعلانات لأفضل مجموعة تحديد مسار	تحديد المجموعة الأفضل هو أفضل مسار لكل AS وكذلك لكل خطوة تالية. المسارات متعددة المسارات مثبتة.	يتم الإعلان عن جميع أفضل مسارات المجموعة.
10	set path-selection backup 1 تثبيت Multipath-protect Advertising Multipath-protect-adverads	المسارات متعددة المسارات مثبتة. يتم تثبيت مسار آخر كمسار نسخ إحتياطي (مسار 'النسخ الاحتياطي(حماية المسارات المتعددة)' إذا كانت لا تزال هناك مسارات بجوار المسارات المتعددة.	يتم الإعلان عن المسار الأفضل ومسار النسخ الاحتياطي ومسار النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة).
11	تعيين تحديد مسار متعدد المسارات إعلان متعدد المسارات الحماية	المسارات متعددة المسارات مثبتة.	يتم الإعلان عن المسارات متعددة المسارات. لم يتم الإعلان عن مسار النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة).
12	تعيين إعلانات تحديد مسار متعدد المسارات لحماية متعدد المسارات متعدد المسارات - الإعلان	المسارات متعددة المسارات مثبتة. يتم تثبيت مسار آخر كمسار نسخ إحتياطي (مسار 'النسخ الاحتياطي(حماية المسارات المتعددة)' إذا كانت لا تزال هناك مسارات بجوار المسارات المتعددة.	يتم الإعلان عن المسارات متعددة المسارات. يتم الإعلان عن مسار النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة).

هذه هي الطبولوجيا المستخدمة في هذا المستند بالكامل.

في جميع الحالات، يتم تمكين Add-Path بين RR (عاكس المسار) و PE6.

يعلن PE1 و PE2 و PE3 و PE4 و PE5 و PE6 عن نفس البادئة مثل توجيه البث الأحادي VPNV4 نحو RR.

PE6 هو المدخل PE، والذي يستقبل هذه البادئة من RR.

ما لم يذكر خلاف ذلك، يتم تمكين Add-PATH على كل جلسة BGP ويتم تكوين الحد الأقصى للمسارات IBGP 3 على RR للبث الأحادي لعائلة العنوان VPNV4.

ملاحظة: يوجد مسار نسخ إحتياطي واحد مثبت كحد أقصى في جدولي RIB و CEF. أكثر من واحد غير ممكن/مدعوم. يتم تمييز المسار كنسخة إحتياطية في جدول BGP وجدول RIB وجدول CEF.

يتم إختيار مسار النسخ الاحتياطي دائما بواسطة بروتوكول BGP في هذه المقالة. يمكن إختيار مسار النسخ الاحتياطي بواسطة ميزة أخرى، ولكن هنا دائما ما يكون BGP.

إذا تم تكوين مسارات متعددة لبروتوكول BGP، فقد يتم تثبيت مسارات متعددة المسارات (ECMP أو UCMP) في جدول BGP. يتم وضع علامة عليها بالمسارات المتعددة. مسار النسخ الاحتياطي هو ثاني أفضل مسار، لذلك يجب أن يكون أحد المسارات متعددة المسارات إذا كان هناك أي منها. وهذا يعني أنه يمكن أن يكون هناك نسخة إحتياطية (حماية المسارات المتعددة) تم إختيارها بواسطة BGP إذا تم تكوين هذه الميزة (الكلمة الأساسية حماية المسارات المتعددة في بيان تعيين مسار-تحديد مسار-سياسة). إذا كان هذا هو الحال، فإن مسار النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة) هذا هو مسار النسخ الاحتياطي في جدول RIB و CEF. إن مسار النسخ الاحتياطي الذي تم إختياره من قبل BGP وتم وضع علامة عليه بهذا الشكل من قبل BGP ليس حينئذ مسار نسخ إحتياطي، بل هو مجرد مسار متعدد المسارات.

لا يكون المسار الاحتياطي على محول محول إحتياطي (RR) منطقيا بشكل كبير إذا كان لتردد الراديو هذا فقط الدور الذي يلعبه تردد الراديو.

في هذه المقالة، يفترض أن RR هو أيضا موجه PE. في هذه الحالة، قم بتحديد مسار نسخ إحتياطي وتثبيته بشكل منطقي. يمكن إستخدام مسار النسخ الاحتياطي لبطاقة BGP PIC.

يتم تمييز مسار النسخ الاحتياطي بالنسخ الاحتياطي في RIB عند تحديد البادئة المحددة أو باستخدام "!" إذا لم يتم تحديد البادئة.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0
  Number of pic paths 1 , type internal
  Installed Sep 17 13:25:25.064 for 00:03:27
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP backup path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.3, from 10.0.0.3, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.4, from 10.0.0.4, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, (>) - Diversion path
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - ISIS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, su - IS-IS summary null, * - candidate default
       U - per-user static route, o - ODR, L - local, G  - DAGR, l - LISP
       A - access/subscriber, a - Application route
       M - mobile route, r - RPL, t - Traffic Engineering, (!) - FRR Backup path

Gateway of last resort is not set

B    10.1.1.1/32 [200/0] via 10.0.0.1 (nexthop in vrf default), 00:02:16
                 [200/0] via 10.0.0.2 (nexthop in vrf default), 00:02:16 (!)
                 [200/0] via 10.0.0.3 (nexthop in vrf default), 00:02:16
                 [200/0] via 10.0.0.4 (nexthop in vrf default), 00:02:16

تعيين أوامر تحديد المسار في سياسات المسار

يغطي هذا القسم جميع عبارات تعيين المسار المستخدمة في سياسة المسار لعائلة العناوين المحددة ضمن بروتوكول BGP للموجه.

هذا بغض النظر عن إصدار Cisco IOS^®-XR هو pre-أو post-Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1.

التكوين:

router bgp 65000
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 !
 address-family vpnv4 unicast
  additional-paths receive
  additional-paths send
  additional-paths selection route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
 !
 neighbor 10.0.0.1
  remote-as 65000
  update-source Loopback0
  address-family ipv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
  address-family vpnv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
 !
 neighbor 10.0.0.2
  remote-as 65000
  update-source Loopback0
  address-family ipv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
  address-family vpnv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
 !
 neighbor 10.0.0.3
  remote-as 65000
  update-source Loopback0
  address-family ipv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
  address-family vpnv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
 !
 neighbor 10.0.0.4
  remote-as 65000
  update-source Loopback0
  address-family ipv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
  address-family vpnv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
 !
 neighbor 10.0.0.5
  remote-as 65000
  update-source Loopback0
  address-family ipv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
  address-family vpnv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
 !
 neighbor 10.0.0.6
  remote-as 65000
  update-source Loopback0
  address-family ipv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
  address-family vpnv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
 !
 vrf one
  rd 1:1
  address-family ipv4 unicast
   maximum-paths ibgp 3
   additional-paths selection route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
   redistribute connected
  !
 !
!

يتم تطبيق سياسة المسار مع عبارات تحديد المسار المجموعة تحت البث الأحادي لعائلة العنوان vpnv4.

كما يتم تطبيق نهج المسار مع عبارات تعيين المسار على VRF. وهذا مطلوب إذا كان يلزم تثبيت مسار نسخ إحتياطي في جدول RIB/CEF الخاص ببروتوكول VRF (أو الإعلان عنه عبر جلسة عمل BGP عبر إرتباط PE-CE).

هنا، كلا من سياسات المسار هي نفسها، ولكن يمكن تطبيق سياسات مختلفة تحت عائلة العنوان مقابل تحت VRF.

يتم إستخدام الحد الأقصى لمسار iBGP 3 ضمن VRF One، مع تحديد إمكانية وجود ما يصل إلى ثلاثة مسارات ECMP في جدول RIB/CEF.

تظهر هذه الحالات جميع إمكانيات نهج المسار مع تعيين تحديد المسار.

1. تعيين تثبيت النسخة الاحتياطية من تحديد المسار 1

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection backup 1 install
end-policy
!

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 17 13:14:35.907 for 00:04:41
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0
  Number of pic paths 1 , type internal
  Installed Sep 17 13:25:25.064 for 00:03:27
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP backup path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.3, from 10.0.0.3, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.4, from 10.0.0.4, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
10.1.1.1/32, version 119, internal 0x5000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a770) [1], 0x0 (0xe3662a8), 0xa08 (0xf4e10a8)
 Updated Sep 17 13:25:25.068
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2bc0 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2730
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24003/0/21
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 2 dependencies, recursive, backup [flags 0x6100]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2e48 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24001/0/21
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.3/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 2 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2060 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2550
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.3/32 via 24007/0/21
     next hop 10.3.101.3/32 Gi0/0/0/6    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.4/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 3 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2c98 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2190
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.4/32 via 24000/0/21
     next hop 10.4.101.4/32 Gi0/0/0/7    labels imposed {ImplNull 24013}

تحقق من المسارات المعلن عنها:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32
BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                 87          87
Last Modified: Sep 17 13:50:32.649 for 00:00:42
Paths: (1 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.1 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 87
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.1, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

الخاتمة: يوجد مسار نسخ إحتياطي واحد مثبت على RR في VRF. يتم الإعلان عن المسار الأفضل فقط.

2. تعيين إعلانات النسخ الاحتياطي 1 لتحديد المسار

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection backup 1 advertise
end-policy
!

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32
BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 17 13:38:03.907 for 00:02:04
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0, type internal
  Installed Sep 17 13:38:04.233 for 00:04:26
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.4, from 10.0.0.4, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
10.1.1.1/32, version 135, internal 0x5000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a770) [1], 0x0 (0xe3662a8), 0xa08 (0xf696158)
 Updated Sep 17 13:38:04.236
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2bc0 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24003/0/21
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2e48 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24001/0/21
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.4/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 2 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2c98 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.4/32 via 24000/0/21
     next hop 10.4.101.4/32 Gi0/0/0/7    labels imposed {ImplNull 24013}

تحقق من المسارات المعلن عنها:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                 73          73
Last Modified: Sep 17 13:38:05.649 for 00:02:47
Paths: (2 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.1 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 73
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.1, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.2 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 2, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.2, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

الخاتمة: لم يتم تثبيت مسار النسخ الاحتياطي. يتم الإعلان عن مسار النسخ الاحتياطي.

3. تعيين أداة النسخ الاحتياطي لتحديد المسار 1 أداة تثبيت الإعلانات

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection backup 1 advertise install
end-policy
!

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 17 14:20:36.907 for 00:01:55
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0
  Number of pic paths 1 , type internal
  Installed Sep 17 14:23:42.997 for 00:00:59
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP backup path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.3, from 10.0.0.3, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.5, from 10.0.0.5, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
10.1.1.1/32, version 185, internal 0x5000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a770) [1], 0x0 (0xe3662a8), 0xa08 (0xf4e10a8)
 Updated Sep 17 14:23:42.999
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2bc0 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2730
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24003/0/21
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 2 dependencies, recursive, backup [flags 0x6100]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2e48 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24001/0/21
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.3/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 2 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2060 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2550
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.3/32 via 24007/0/21
     next hop 10.3.101.3/32 Gi0/0/0/6    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.5/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 3 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2368 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2190
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.5/32 via 24005/0/21
     next hop 10.5.101.5/32 Gi0/0/0/1    labels imposed {ImplNull 24014}

تحقق من المسارات المعلن عنها:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                105         105
Last Modified: Sep 17 14:23:43.649 for 00:02:16
Paths: (2 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.1 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 105
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.1, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.2 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 2, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.2, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

الخاتمة: تم تثبيت مسار النسخ الاحتياطي. يتم الإعلان عن مسار النسخ الاحتياطي. إذا هذه 1. و 2.

4. تعيين إعلانات تحديد المسار لكل الإعلانات

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
 set path-selection all advertise
end-policy
!

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 17 14:28:58.907 for 00:04:04
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 4, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 5, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0, type internal
  Installed Sep 17 14:28:59.169 for 00:04:52
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.5, from 10.0.0.5, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
10.1.1.1/32, version 201, internal 0x5000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a770) [1], 0x0 (0xe3662a8), 0xa08 (0xf696158)
 Updated Sep 17 14:28:59.175
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2bc0 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24003/0/21
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2e48 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24001/0/21
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.5/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 2 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2368 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.5/32 via 24005/0/21
     next hop 10.5.101.5/32 Gi0/0/0/1    labels imposed {ImplNull 24014}

تحقق من المسارات المعلن عنها:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                125         125
Last Modified: Sep 17 14:29:00.649 for 00:02:21
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.1 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 125
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.1, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.3 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 2, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.3, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.4 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 3, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.4, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.2 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 4, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.2, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.5 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 5, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.5, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

الخاتمة: لم يتم تثبيت مسار النسخ الاحتياطي. يتم الإعلان عن جميع المسارات (5).

5. تعيين أفضل مسار لتحديد المسار

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection best-path
end-policy
!

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 17 15:34:15.907 for 00:00:09
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0, type internal
  Installed Sep 17 15:34:16.311 for 00:00:28
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.3, from 10.0.0.3, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
10.1.1.1/32, version 215, internal 0x5000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a770) [1], 0x0 (0xe3662a8), 0xa08 (0xf696100)
 Updated Sep 17 15:34:16.313
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2bc0 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24003/0/21
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2e48 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24001/0/21
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.3/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 2 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2060 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.3/32 via 24007/0/21
     next hop 10.3.101.3/32 Gi0/0/0/6    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}

الخاتمة: يتم تثبيت أفضل مسار والمسارات متعددة المسارات فقط. يتم الإعلان عن المسار الأفضل فقط. لا يوجد مسار نسخ إحتياطي محدد أو مثبت أو معلن عنه.

6. تعيين إعلان متعدد المسارات لتحديد المسار

الإعلان هو كلمة أساسية مطلوبة.

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection multipath advertise
end-policy

ولكي يعمل ذلك، يجب أن يكون هناك تمكين متعدد المسارات ل BGP لعائلة العناوين المحددة.

هنا، مكنت المتعدد ممر ل IPv4 unicast في VRF واحد.

router bgp 65000
 vrf one
  rd 1:1
  address-family ipv4 unicast
   maximum-paths ibgp 3
   additional-paths selection route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
   redistribute connected

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 17 15:40:15.907 for 00:00:28
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0, type internal
  Installed Sep 17 15:40:16.152 for 00:01:11
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.4, from 10.0.0.4, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
10.1.1.1/32, version 229, internal 0x5000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a770) [1], 0x0 (0xe3662a8), 0xa08 (0xf6961b0)
 Updated Sep 17 15:40:16.156
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2bc0 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24003/0/21
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2e48 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24001/0/21
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.4/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 2 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2c98 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.4/32 via 24000/0/21
     next hop 10.4.101.4/32 Gi0/0/0/7    labels imposed {ImplNull 24013}

تحقق من المسارات المعلن عنها:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                153         153
Last Modified: Sep 17 15:40:17.649 for 00:02:08
Paths: (3 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.1 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 153
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.1, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.4 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 2, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.4, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.2 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 3, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.2, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

يتم تعليم مسارات VPNV4 باستخدام مسارات متعددة.
المسارات المتعددة الثلاثة مثبتة في RIB.
يتم الإعلان عن المسارات المتعددة الثلاثة.
لا يوجد مسار نسخ إحتياطي.

الخاتمة: يتم تثبيت المسارات متعددة المسارات في RIB والإعلان عنها. لا يوجد نسخ إحتياطي محدد أو مثبت أو معلن عنه.

7. تعيين مسار-تحديد النسخة الاحتياطية 1 تثبيت متعدد المسارات-حماية

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection backup 1 install multipath-protect
end-policy

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 17 15:46:17.907 for 00:04:59
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0
  Number of pic paths 1 , type internal
  Installed Sep 17 15:46:17.904 for 00:05:14
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.3, from 10.0.0.3, BGP backup path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.4, from 10.0.0.4, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
10.1.1.1/32, version 249, internal 0x5000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a770) [1], 0x0 (0xe3662a8), 0xa08 (0xf4e10a8)
 Updated Sep 17 15:46:17.907
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2bc0 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2190
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24003/0/21
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2e48 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2550
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24001/0/21
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.3/32, 2 dependencies, recursive, backup [flags 0x6100]
    path-idx 2 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2060 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.3/32 via 24007/0/21
     next hop 10.3.101.3/32 Gi0/0/0/6    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.4/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 3 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2c98 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2730
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.4/32 via 24000/0/21
     next hop 10.4.101.4/32 Gi0/0/0/7    labels imposed {ImplNull 24013}

تحقق من المسارات المعلن عنها:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                163         163
Last Modified: Sep 17 15:46:18.649 for 00:07:36
Paths: (1 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.1 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 163
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.1, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

قد لا يكون هناك مسار نسخ إحتياطي (حماية متعدد المسارات). على سبيل المثال، إذا كان هناك الحد الأقصى لمسار BGP 2 تم تكوينه وتم إستلام مسارين فقط، فسيكون هناك مسارين متعددي المسارات ولا يوجد مسار نسخ إحتياطي (حماية متعددة المسارات).

الخاتمة: كل المسارات المتعددة مثبتة في RIB. تم تثبيت مسار آخر كمسار نسخ إحتياطي (مسار نسخ إحتياطي (حماية متعددة المسارات). يتم الإعلان عن المسار الأفضل فقط.

8. تعيين إعلانات تحديد المسار للنسخ الاحتياطي 1 تثبيت متعدد المسارات للحماية

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection backup 1 install multipath-protect advertise
end-policy

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 17 16:03:00.907 for 00:01:19
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0
  Number of pic paths 1 , type internal
  Installed Sep 17 16:03:01.199 for 00:05:13
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.3, from 10.0.0.3, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.4, from 10.0.0.4, BGP backup path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
10.1.1.1/32, version 281, internal 0x5000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a770) [1], 0x0 (0xe3662a8), 0xa08 (0xf4e1108)
 Updated Sep 17 16:03:01.206
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2bc0 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2190
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24003/0/21
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2e48 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2550
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24001/0/21
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.3/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 2 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2060 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2910
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.3/32 via 24007/0/21
     next hop 10.3.101.3/32 Gi0/0/0/6    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.4/32, 2 dependencies, recursive, backup [flags 0x6100]
    path-idx 3 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2c98 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.4/32 via 24000/0/21
     next hop 10.4.101.4/32 Gi0/0/0/7    labels imposed {ImplNull 24013}

تحقق من المسارات المعلن عنها:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                181         181
Last Modified: Sep 17 16:03:02.649 for 00:07:39
Paths: (2 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.1 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 181
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.1, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.2 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 2, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.2, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

هناك ثلاثة مسارات متعددة المسارات.
هناك مسار "نسخ إحتياطي (حماية متعدد المسارات)" واحد. هذا هو مسار النسخ الاحتياطي المثبت في جدول RIB/CEF.
المسار الخامس غير محدد.
يتم الإعلان عن المسار الأفضل ومسار النسخ الاحتياطي.

قد لا يكون هناك مسار نسخ إحتياطي (حماية متعدد المسارات). على سبيل المثال، إذا كان هناك الحد الأقصى لمسار BGP 2 تم تكوينه وتم إستلام مسارين فقط، فسيكون هناك مسارين متعددي المسارات ولا يوجد مسار نسخ إحتياطي (حماية متعددة المسارات).

مسار النسخ الاحتياطي المعلن عنه هذا هو أحد المسارات متعددة المسارات (النسخ الاحتياطي المميز في جدول BGP).

هذا مع الحد الأقصى للمسارات ibgp 1:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 17 16:15:48.907 for 00:00:44
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0
  Number of pic paths 1 , type internal
  Installed Sep 17 16:15:48.900 for 00:01:28
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP backup path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
10.1.1.1/32, version 297, internal 0x5000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a770) [1], 0x0 (0xe3662a8), 0xa08 (0xf6960a8)
 Updated Sep 17 16:15:48.903
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive [flags 0x6000]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2bc0 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2190
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24003/0/21
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 2 dependencies, recursive, backup [flags 0x6100]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2e48 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24001/0/21
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}

تحقق من المسارات المعلن عنها:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                189         189
Last Modified: Sep 17 16:15:50.649 for 00:02:10
Paths: (2 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.1 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 189
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.1, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.2 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 2, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.2, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

لا يوجد بروتوكول ECMP على RR.
ثاني أفضل مسار هو مسار النسخ الاحتياطي. تم تثبيته في جدول RIB/CEF.
يتم الإعلان عن المسار الأفضل ومسار النسخ الاحتياطي.
لا يوجد مسار نسخ إحتياطي (حماية متعدد المسارات).

الخاتمة: كل المسارات المتعددة مثبتة في RIB. تم تثبيت مسار آخر كمسار نسخ إحتياطي. يتم الإعلان عن المسار الأفضل ومسار النسخ الاحتياطي.

9. تعيين إعلانات لأفضل مجموعة تحديد مسار

يمكن إستخدام أفضل مجموعة فقط مع الإعلان.
تحديد المجموعة الأفضل هو أفضل مسار لكل AS (النظام الذاتي) وكذلك لكل خطوة تالية.
تنشأ البادئة من أنظمة مستقلة مختلفة.

يتم إستخدام مخطط مختلف لهذه الحالة. توجد الموجهات نفسها في الصورة 1، ولكن PE4 الآن في AS 65004 و PE5 في AS 65005. لا تزال جميع الموجهات الأخرى في AS 65000.

الصورة 2

وهذا يعني أنه توجد الآن جلسة عمل eBGP بين RR و PE4 وبين RR و PE5.

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection group-best advertise
end-policy

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
    Local Label: 24010
Last Modified: Sep 21 06:06:29.117 for 00:02:18
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3 0.4
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3 0.4
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.4
  65004
    10.4.101.4 from 10.4.101.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24015
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, external, group-best, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.4
  65005
    10.5.101.5 from 10.5.101.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, external, group-best, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0, type internal
  Installed Sep 20 19:59:07.762 for 10:00:40
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.3, from 10.0.0.3, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
10.1.1.1/32, version 114, internal 0x1000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a338) [1], 0x0 (0xe366530), 0xa08 (0xf69e0a8)
 Updated Sep 20 19:59:07.765
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab1b98 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24008/0/21
     local label 24010
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24014}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab30d0 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24000/0/21
     local label 24010
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24014}
   via 10.0.0.3/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 2 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2918 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.3/32 via 24002/0/21
     local label 24010
     next hop 10.3.101.3/32 Gi0/0/0/6    labels imposed {ImplNull 24014}

لا يزال RR يحتوي على ثلاثة مسارات ECMP مثبتة في جدول RIB و CEF.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                 47          47
Last Modified: Sep 20 19:59:07.588 for 09:59:44
Paths: (3 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.3 (metric 5) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 47
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.3, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  65004
    10.4.101.4 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.101)
      Received Label 24010
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 2, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  65005
    10.5.101.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.101)
      Received Label 24010
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 3, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

يعلن RR عن أفضل مسار للمجموعة من المسارات الثلاثة التي يتم استقبالها من AS 65000. وإلى جانب هذا المسار، يعلن RR أيضا عن أفضل مسار للمجموعات الذي تم إستقباله من AS 65004 ومسار AS 65005.

هناك ثلاثة مسارات أفضل مجموعة لأن المسارات الثلاثة لها جار مختلف ك. يتم الإعلان عن جميع هذه المسارات. لا يتم الإعلان عن المسارات متعددة المسارات.

الخاتمة: يتم الإعلان عن جميع أفضل مسارات المجموعات.

10. تعيين عملية النسخ الاحتياطي لتحديد المسار 1 تثبيت إعلان متعدد المسارات-protect-علان

يتوفر هذا الخيار فقط بدءا من Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1.

للبدء مع Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1، هناك كلمة أساسية جديدة Multipath Protect-Advertising.

وهذا يسمح بالإعلان عن مسار الحماية متعددة المسارات بجانب مسار النسخ الاحتياطي. قبل Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1، تم تثبيت مسار الحماية متعددة المسارات ولكن لم يتم الإعلان عنه. (انظر الحالة 8.)

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection backup 1 install multipath-protect advertise multipath-protect-advertise
end-policy
!

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 17 16:43:05.907 for 00:01:14
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0
  Number of pic paths 1 , type internal
  Installed Sep 17 16:43:05.562 for 00:01:45
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.3, from 10.0.0.3, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.4, from 10.0.0.4, BGP backup path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1
10.1.1.1/32, version 323, internal 0x5000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a770) [1], 0x0 (0xe3662a8), 0xa08 (0xf4e1168)
 Updated Sep 17 16:43:05.567
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2bc0 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2190
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24003/0/21
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2e48 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2730
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24001/0/21
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.3/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 2 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2060 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2910
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.3/32 via 24007/0/21
     next hop 10.3.101.3/32 Gi0/0/0/6    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.4/32, 2 dependencies, recursive, backup [flags 0x6100]
    path-idx 3 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2c98 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.4/32 via 24000/0/21
     next hop 10.4.101.4/32 Gi0/0/0/7    labels imposed {ImplNull 24013}

تحقق من المسارات المعلن عنها:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                207         207
Last Modified: Sep 17 16:43:06.649 for 00:02:31
Paths: (3 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.1 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 207
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.1, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.2 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 2, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.2, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.4 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 3, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.4, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

الخاتمة: كل المسارات المتعددة مثبتة في RIB. مسار آخر - النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية مسار متعدد المسارات)- تم تثبيته كمسار نسخ إحتياطي. يتم الإعلان عن المسار الأفضل ومسار النسخ الاحتياطي ومسار النسخ الاحتياطي (الحماية متعددة المسارات).

11. تعيين عنوان متعدد المسارات لتحديد المسار إعلان متعدد المسارات للحماية

يتوفر هذا الخيار فقط بدءا من Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1.

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection multipath advertise multipath-protect
end-policy
!

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 18 06:12:25.907 for 00:00:12
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 4, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0
  Number of pic paths 1 , type internal
  Installed Sep 18 06:12:26.137 for 00:05:23
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.3, from 10.0.0.3, BGP backup path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.4, from 10.0.0.4, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
10.1.1.1/32, version 345, internal 0x5000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a770) [1], 0x0 (0xe3662a8), 0xa08 (0xf4e1108)
 Updated Sep 18 06:12:26.140
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2bc0 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2190
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24003/0/21
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2e48 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2730
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24001/0/21
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.3/32, 2 dependencies, recursive, backup [flags 0x6100]
    path-idx 2 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2060 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.3/32 via 24007/0/21
     next hop 10.3.101.3/32 Gi0/0/0/6    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.4/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 3 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2c98 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2550
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.4/32 via 24000/0/21
     next hop 10.4.101.4/32 Gi0/0/0/7    labels imposed {ImplNull 24013}

تحقق من المسارات المعلن عنها:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                221         221
Last Modified: Sep 18 06:12:27.649 for 00:01:38
Paths: (3 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.1 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 221
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.1, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.4 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 2, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.4, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.2 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 3, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.2, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

المسار الثالث هو مسار النسخ الاحتياطي. يتم تعليمه كنسخ إحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة) في BGP وتثبيته كمسار نسخ إحتياطي في RIB.
يتم الإعلان عن أفضل مسار والمسارات متعددة المسارات.
لم يتم الإعلان عن مسار "النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة)".

12. تعيين إعلان متعدد المسارات لتحديد المسار متعدد المسارات لحماية متعدد المسارات-إعلان

وهذا يسمح بتثبيت المسار المحمي متعدد المسارات والإعلان عنه بجانب المسارات المتعددة.

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection multipath advertise multipath-protect multipath-protect-advertise
end-policy

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 18 06:22:22.907 for 00:03:12
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 4, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0
  Number of pic paths 1 , type internal
  Installed Sep 18 06:22:23.059 for 00:03:34
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP backup path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.4, from 10.0.0.4, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.5, from 10.0.0.5, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
10.1.1.1/32, version 367, internal 0x5000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a770) [1], 0x0 (0xe3662a8), 0xa08 (0xf4e11c8)
 Updated Sep 18 06:22:23.062
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2bc0 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2190
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24003/0/21
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 2 dependencies, recursive, backup [flags 0x6100]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2e48 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24001/0/21
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.4/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 2 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2c98 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2550
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.4/32 via 24000/0/21
     next hop 10.4.101.4/32 Gi0/0/0/7    labels imposed {ImplNull 24013}
   via 10.0.0.5/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 3 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2368 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2910
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.5/32 via 24005/0/21
     next hop 10.5.101.5/32 Gi0/0/0/1    labels imposed {ImplNull 24014}

تحقق من المسارات المعلن عنها:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                235         235
Last Modified: Sep 18 06:22:24.649 for 00:03:59
Paths: (4 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.1 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 235
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.1, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.4 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 2, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.4, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.5 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 3, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.5, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.2 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 4, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.2, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

القرار:

يتم وضع علامة متعدد المسارات على كافة المسارات الثلاثة في بروتوكول BGP.
تم تثبيت 3 مسارات ECMP في جدول RIB/CEF.
المسار الثاني هو مسار النسخ الاحتياطي. تم وضع علامة "نسخة إحتياطية"(حماية المسارات المتعددة) في بروتوكول بوابة الحدود (BGP) وتثبيتها كمسار نسخ إحتياطي في جدول RIB/CEF.
يتم الإعلان عن أفضل مسار والمسارات متعددة المسارات ومسارات "النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة)".

سلوك تحديد مسار جديد كما هو الحال مع Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1

اعتبارا من Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1، تم تغيير هذا:

تحديد مسار كل جار ممكن. قبل Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1، كان هذا لكل مجموعة عناوين فقط.
يتم السماح بجمل تحديد مسار متعددة المجموعة في نهج مسار واحد.
يمكن عرض مسارات BGP بالترتيب الذي يتم استقبالها به.

تحديد مسار كل جار ممكن

هذا هو تحديد المسار المتاح في نهج المسار:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR(config-rpl)#set path-selection ?
  all         BGP all paths
  backup      BGP backup path
  best-path   BGP best path
  group-best  BGP group best path
  multipath   BGP multipath

أفضل مسار هو الافتراضي.

وهذا مدعوم على مستوى عائلة العناوين.

مثال التكوين:

router bgp 65000
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 !
 address-family vpnv4 unicast
  additional-paths receive
  additional-paths send
  additional-paths selection route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
 !
 neighbor 10.0.0.1
  remote-as 65000
  update-source Loopback0
  address-family ipv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
  address-family vpnv4 unicast
   route-reflector-client
  !
!
 vrf one
  rd 1:1
  address-family ipv4 unicast
   maximum-paths ibgp 2
   additional-paths selection route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
   redistribute connected
  !
 !
!

للبدء مع Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1، يتم دعم بعض خيارات تحديد المسار في سياسة المسار أيضا على المستوى المجاور. وهذا يؤدي إلى تحكم أكثر دقة فيما يتعلق بالمسارات التي يتم الإعلان عنها لجيران BGP. على سبيل المثال، قد يعلن مكبر صوت BGP عن أفضل مسار ومسار نسخ إحتياطي واحد إلى جار BGP واحد، ولكنه يعلن عن المسارات المتعددة ويحمي المسار المتعدد المسارات إلى جار آخر.

وعلى مستوى الجوار، هناك:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR(config-rpl)#if destination ?
  in                    Member of a set
  is-all                Check for additional paths selected by all path-selection
  is-backup-path        Checks for backup path
  is-best-external      Checks for best external route
  is-best-path          Checks for best path
  is-multi-path         Checks for multiple paths
  is-multipath-protect  Checks for multipath-protect path
  longer-than           Prefix-length greater than the route's prefix length
  or-longer             Prefix-length equal to or greater than the route's prefix length

تحذير: أفضل مسار هو متعدد المسارات إذا تم تكوين أمر BGP maximum-path. ومع ذلك، إذا كان الشرط الوحيد الذي تم تكوينه في نهج المسار هو متعدد المسارات، فيتم الإعلان عن المسارات متعددة المسارات فقط التي لا تعد المسار الأفضل! يعتمد على تصميم BGP، ولكن من المحتمل أنه إذا كان ينبغي الإعلان عن المسارات المتعددة، فيجب الإعلان عن المسار الأفضل أيضا.

يتم إدخال is-all وis-multipath-protect حديثا مع Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1.

يتم السماح بعبارات تحديد مسار متعددة المجموعة في نهج مسار واحد

اعتبارا من Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1، يمكنك الحصول على عبارات تحديد المسار المتعدد في سياسة مسار واحدة متعلقة ببادئة واحدة. قبل Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1، لم يكن هذا مسموحا به ومن شأنه أن يؤدي إلى سلوك مسار BGP غير متوقع.

يتم النظر إلى تحديد أكثر من مسار واحد أو لا في كل بادئة.

على سبيل المثال، قبل Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1، لا يتم دعم ما يلي:

route-policy add-path-to-ibgp
  set weight 65000
  set path-selection backup 1 install
  set metric-type type-1
  set extcommunity rt RT BUSINESS additive
  set path-selection all advertise
  set rib-metric 100
end-policy

لديك جملتان تحديد مسار في سياسة مسار واحدة يتم تطبيقها على نفس البادئات.

ومع ذلك، يتم دعم ما يلي قبل Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1. السبب هو أن عبارات تحديد المسار المختلفة هي للبادئات المختلفة، لأنه إذا تم إستخدام عبارات ذات تحديد (وجهة، مجتمع، ...).

مثال 1:

route-policy ADDPATH
  if destination in TRAFFIC_1 then
    set path-selection backup 1 install
  endif
  if destination in TRAFFIC_2 then
    set path-selection multipath advertise
  endif
end-policy

وهذا جيد لأن عبارات تحديد مسار المجموعة تتعلق بالبادئات المختلفة (تكون في جملتين مختلفتين إذا كانت جمل).

مثال 2:

route-policy ADDPATH-2
  if community matches-any COMM_ADD-PATH then
    set path-selection backup 1 install multipath-protect advertise
  else
    set path-selection best-path
  endif
end-policy

وهذا جيد نظرا لأن عبارات تحديد المسار المجموعة تتعلق بالبادئات المختلفة (وهي في جزأين مختلفين من عبارة if).

بدءا من Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1، يتم دعم هذا.

هذا مثال على نهج المسار يحتوي على أكثر من عبارة تحديد مسار واحدة:

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection multipath advertise
  set path-selection backup 1 install multipath-protect advertise multipath-protect-advertise
end-policy
!

يحدد نهج المسار لكل جار المسارات التي يتم الإعلان عنها لهذا المجاور. يمكن إختيار أي مسار فقط من المسارات التي تم وضع علامة عليها بالفعل على مستوى عائلة العناوين.

على مستوى عائلة العناوين، لديك تحديد المسار:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR(config-rpl)#set path-selection ?
  all         BGP all paths
  backup      BGP backup path
  best-path   BGP best path
  group-best  BGP group best path
  multipath   BGP multipath

وعلى مستوى الجوار، هناك:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR(config-rpl)#if destination ?
  in                    Member of a set
  is-all                Check for additional paths selected by all path-selection
  is-backup-path        Checks for backup path
  is-best-external      Checks for best external route
  is-best-path          Checks for best path
  is-multi-path         Checks for multiple paths
  is-multipath-protect  Checks for multipath-protect path
  longer-than           Prefix-length greater than the route's prefix length
  or-longer             Prefix-length equal to or greater than the route's prefix length

يتم إدخال is-all وis-multipath-protect حديثا مع Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1.

باستخدام هذه الطريقة، يمكن أن تكون علامة تحديد المسار مزيجا من أوضاع تحديد المسار التي لديك (على سبيل المثال، كل، النسخ الاحتياطي، متعدد المسارات، الحماية متعددة المسارات، وهكذا).

يتحكم النهج المجاور في الإعلان استنادا إلى علامة تحديد المسار.

لجزء العلامات: على سبيل المثال، يمكن تكوين النسخ الاحتياطي والمسار المتعدد معا في نهج المسار على مستوى عائلة العناوين:

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection multipath advertise   (1)
  set path-selection backup 1 install multipath-protect advertise multipath-protect-advertise   (2)
end-policy
!

مجموعتا تحديد المسار الواردتين أعلاه هما ما يتم دعمه حديثا بدءا من Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1. مع وجود Maximum-Path IBGP 3 ما يزال مكونا في المثال، لديك ما يلي:

يتيح الإعلان عن أفضل مسار وجميع المسارات المتعددة.
السماح بالإعلان عن أفضل مسار ومسار النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة).

لم تكن هذه المجموعة ممكنة قبل Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1. وهذا يعني أن (1) أو (2) إما أن يكونوا في حيز التنفيذ.

وهذه هي النتيجة:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 18 06:59:27.907 for 00:00:28
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2 0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.2
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 4, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show route vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
Routing entry for 10.1.1.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65000", distance 200, metric 0
  Number of pic paths 1 , type internal
  Installed Sep 18 06:59:27.833 for 00:01:59
  Routing Descriptor Blocks
    10.0.0.1, from 10.0.0.1, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.2, from 10.0.0.2, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.3, from 10.0.0.3, BGP backup path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
    10.0.0.4, from 10.0.0.4, BGP multi path
      Nexthop in Vrf: "default", Table: "default", IPv4 Unicast, Table Id: 0xe0000000
      Route metric is 0
  No advertising protos.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show cef vrf one 10.1.1.1/32
10.1.1.1/32, version 409, internal 0x5000001 0x30 (ptr 0xd96a770) [1], 0x0 (0xe3662a8), 0xa08 (0xf4e1168)
 Updated Sep 18 06:59:27.836
 Prefix Len 32, traffic index 0, precedence n/a, priority 3
   via 10.0.0.1/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 0 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2bc0 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2190
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.1/32 via 24003/0/21
     next hop 10.1.101.1/32 Gi0/0/0/0    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.2/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 1 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2e48 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2550
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.2/32 via 24001/0/21
     next hop 10.2.101.2/32 Gi0/0/0/4    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.3/32, 2 dependencies, recursive, backup [flags 0x6100]
    path-idx 2 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2060 0x0]
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.3/32 via 24007/0/21
     next hop 10.3.101.3/32 Gi0/0/0/6    labels imposed {ImplNull 24012}
   via 10.0.0.4/32, 3 dependencies, recursive, bgp-multipath [flags 0x6080]
    path-idx 3 NHID 0x0 [0xdab2c98 0x0], Internal 0xd6a2370
    recursion-via-/32
    next hop VRF - 'default', table - 0xe0000000
    next hop 10.0.0.4/32 via 24000/0/21
     next hop 10.4.101.4/32 Gi0/0/0/7    labels imposed {ImplNull 24013}

تحقق من المسارات المعلن عنها:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                271         271
Last Modified: Sep 18 06:59:28.649 for 00:01:53
Paths: (4 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.1 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 271
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.1, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.2 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 2, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.2, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.3 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 3, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.3, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.4 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 4, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.4, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

ويمكن الآن الإعلان لأحد الجيران عن مسارات النسخ الاحتياطي الأساسية (أفضل مسار)، استنادا إلى أفضل مسار أو مسار النسخ الاحتياطي.

ويمكن الإعلان عن المسارات المتعددة لأحد الأجهزة المجاورة الأخرى باستخدام IS-Multi-path.

مثال على نهج المسار المجاور (يستخدم مع نهج المسار على مستوى العنوان-العائلة):

route-policy BGP-neighbor-1
  if community matches-any COMM-LIST-1 then
    if destination is-best-path or destination is-backup-path then
      pass
    else
      drop
    endif
  elseif community matches-any COMM-LIST-2 then
  if destination is-multi-path or destination is-multipath-protect then
      pass
    else
      drop
    endif
  else
    drop
  endif
end-policy
!

إذا كان ل RR مسارات BGP التالية:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 18 07:14:32.907 for 00:06:53
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6        10.0.0.5
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6        10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6        10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 4, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

ثم للمسار الأول للمسار المجاور - سياسة المسار، وهو:

    if destination is-best-path or destination is-backup-path then
      pass

يتلقى PE6 المجاور هذه المسارات:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                283         283
Last Modified: Sep 18 07:14:33.649 for 00:07:21
Paths: (2 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.1 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 283
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.1, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.2 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 2, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.2, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

هذان المساران هما أفضل مسار ومسار النسخ الاحتياطي على RR.

بالنسبة للجزء الثاني من سياسة المسار المجاور، وهي كالتالي:

   if destination is-multi-path or destination is-multipath-protect      
    then
      pass

يتلقى PE6 المجاور هذه المسارات:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE6#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                299         299
Last Modified: Sep 18 07:31:09.649 for 00:02:29
Paths: (3 available, best #1)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.2 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 2, Local Path ID 1, version 299
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.2, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.4 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 3, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.4, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local
    10.0.0.3 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 4, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Originator: 10.0.0.3, Cluster list: 10.0.0.101
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

هذه المسارات هي المسارات متعددة المسارات (ولكن لا تتضمن أفضل مسار!) ومسار النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة).

إظهار مسارات BGP بالترتيب الذي يتم استقبالها به

تظهر مسارات BGP بالترتيب المعجمي.

يمكن إستخدام أمر جديد -تم تقديمه في Cisco IOS®-XR 7.3.1- لرؤية مسارات BGP بالترتيب الذي تم استقبالها به:

show bgp <afi> rd <rd> <path_details> <age-order>

هذا أمر مفيد أن يرى لما كانت المسارات علمت متعدد المسارات. يتم وضع علامة متعدد المسارات على المسارات التي تم تلقيها سابقا ويتم تثبيتها في RIB كمسارات قصوى للمسار. يعرض الأمر show route الكلمة الأساسية BGP Multipath للمسارات المثبتة على هذا النحو.

للتحقق من المسار الذي تم وضع علامة متعدد المسارات عليه، يمكن إستخدام الأمر الجديد للتحقق من الترتيب الذي تم به إستلام جميع المسارات. المسارات الأحدث تكون في أعلى المخرجات.

على سبيل المثال، باستخدام التكوين التالي:

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection multipath advertise
  set path-selection backup 1 install multipath-protect advertise multipath-protect-advertise
end-policy
!

لا توجد تغييرات في عملية تقرير المسار الأفضل، ولا تحتوي المسارات على أي خصائص (مثل التفضيل المحلي) تؤثر على عملية إتخاذ القرار في أفضل مسار.

يشتمل RR على تحديد مسار BGP هذا:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
Last Modified: Sep 18 08:46:11.907 for 00:03:43
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5        10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5        10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 4, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

لماذا المسار من 10.0.0.1 هو أفضل مسار؟ لماذا المسار من 10.0.0.2 هو مسار النسخ الاحتياطي؟ لماذا المسار من 10.0.0.3 متعدد المسارات؟ لماذا المسار من 10.0.0.4 هو النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة)؟ لماذا المسار من 10.0.0.5 ليس المسار الأفضل وليس المسار المتعدد ولا مسار النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة)؟

يمكنك رؤية هذا باستخدام الأمر نفسه مع ترتيب العمر في النهاية. المسارات الأحدث تكون في أعلى المخرجات.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32 age-order

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
    Flags: 0x240692b2+0x00010000; multipath; backup available;
Last Modified: Sep 18 07:31:07.907 for 00:23:23
Paths: (5 available, best #3)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084060205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6        10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084020205, import: 0x96
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000085070205, import: 0x9f
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084070205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6        10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 4, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084070205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6        10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

يمكنك إستخدام أوامر show bgp مع الكلمة الأساسية bestpath-compare للتحقق من لماذا ليس المسار هو أفضل مسار (يتم عرض السبب لكل مسار).

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32 bestpath-compare

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
    Flags: 0x240692b2+0x00010000; multipath; backup available;
Last Modified: Sep 18 07:31:07.907 for 00:44:59
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000085070205, import: 0x9f
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      best of local AS, Overall best
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084070205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6        10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      iBGP multi-path
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084070205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6        10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 4, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      iBGP multi-path
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084060205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6        10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Higher router ID than best path (path #1)
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084020205, import: 0x96
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Higher router ID than best path (path #1)
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

بما أن معظم السمات في مسارات BGP متساوية بين المسارات، فإن قرار إختيار أفضل مسار انتقل إلى أقل معرف موجه من مكبر صوت BGP. فيما يلي مكبر صوت BGP 10. 0. 0.1. مسار النسخ الاحتياطي هو ثاني أفضل مسار، وبالتالي ثاني أقل معرف موجه من مكبر صوت BGP. هنا 10.0.0.2.

المسارات من 10.0.0.4 و 10.0.0.5 ليست مسارات متعددة المسارات لأنها تم تثبيتها بعد المسارات من 10.0.0.1 و 10.0.2 و 10.0.0.3.

مسار النسخ الاحتياطي مقابل النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة)

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection multipath advertise
  set path-selection backup 1 install multipath-protect advertise multipath-protect-advertise
end-policy
!

تم تكوين Maximum-path ibgp 3.

النسخ الاحتياطي هو ثاني أفضل مسار. هنا، تم إستلام المسارات المتعددة قبل مسار النسخة الاحتياطية. إذا، هناك ثلاثة مسارات متعددة المسارات وآخر هو مسار نسخ إحتياطي.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32 age-order

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  5           5
    Flags: 0x240692b2+0x00010000; multipath; backup available;
Last Modified: Sep 18 08:51:17.907 for 00:07:11
Paths: (5 available, best #3)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084020205, import: 0x96
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084060205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000085070205, import: 0x9f
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084070205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 3, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084070205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5        10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 4, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

أغلق الجار 10.0.0.5. الآن لديك:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32 age-order

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                  7           7
    Flags: 0x2406b2b2+0x00010000; multipath; backup available;
Last Modified: Sep 18 09:05:07.907 for 00:00:23
Paths: (4 available, best #3)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084060205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 5, version 7
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084070205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 7
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000085070205, import: 0x9f
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084070205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 4, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

اختفى المسار من 10.0.0.5.
لا يزال المسار من 10.0.0.2 إحتياطيا، ولكنه الآن متعدد المسارات أيضا.
لأن مسار النسخ الاحتياطي هو أيضا مسار متعدد المسارات، لديك الآن مسار نسخ إحتياطي (حماية متعدد المسارات). هذا هو المسار من 10.0.0.4.

قم بإلغاء إغلاق المجاور 10.0.0.5:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32 age-order

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                 10          10
    Flags: 0x2406b2b2+0x00010000; multipath; backup available;
Last Modified: Sep 18 09:08:42.907 for 00:00:00
Paths: (5 available, best #4)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084020205, import: 0x96
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084060205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5        10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 5, version 7
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084070205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5        10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 10
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000085070205, import: 0x9f
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084070205, import: 0x96
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5        10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 4, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

لم يتغير شيء إلى المسارات الأربعة التي تم تثبيتها من قبل. تمت إضافة المسار من 10.0.0.5 فقط. إنه يجلس في الأعلى لأنه أحدث. إنه ليس مسار متعدد المسارات أو أي نوع من مسار النسخ الاحتياطي.

تم تغيير المسار من 10.0.0.5 من متعدد المسارات إلى غير متعدد المسارات بعد تغيير الحالة في المسار!

القرار:

يلعب الترتيب الذي يتم إستقبال المسارات به دورا في تحديد أي المسارات تكون متعددة المسارات.
يلعب الترتيب الذي يتم فيه إستلام المسارات دورا إذا كان هناك مسار نسخ إحتياطي (حماية متعدد المسارات) أم لا.
الترتيب الذي يتم به إستلام المسارات لا يلعب دورا في أي مسار يتم إختياره كأفضل مسار أو مسار نسخ إحتياطي.

الطلب حسب قياس IGP

هناك خيار لترتيب المسارات المتعددة لكل قياس بروتوكول العبارة الداخلية (IGP).

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#conf t
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR(config)#router bgp 65000
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR(config-bgp)#vrf one
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR(config-bgp-vrf)#address-family ipv4 unicast
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR(config-bgp-vrf-af)#maximum-paths ibgp 3 unequal-cost ?
deterministic Deterministic Multipath selection primarily on IGP metric order
selective Allow multipaths only from marked neighbors
<cr> 
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR(config-bgp-vrf-af)#maximum-paths ibgp 3 unequal-cost deterministic ?
selective Allow multipaths only from marked neighbors
<cr> 
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR(config-bgp-vrf-af)#maximum-paths ibgp 3 unequal-cost deterministic
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR(config-bgp-vrf-af)#commit
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR(config-bgp-vrf-af)#end
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#

التكلفة غير المتكافئة مطلوبة وإلا، فإنك تحصل على المسار الأفضل فقط ومسار النسخ الاحتياطي ولكن لا يوجد مسار متعدد المسارات لأن المسارات المتعددة تحتاج إلى نفس تكلفة بروتوكول العبارة الداخلية حتى يتم اعتبارها مسارات متعددة.

يتم تغيير تكلفة IGP من RR إلى موجهات PE في المخطط. يتم تكوين تكلفة بروتوكول العبارة الداخلية كما يلي:

RR إلى PE1 : 5
RR إلى PE2 : 4
RR إلى PE3 : 3
RR إلى PE4 : 2
RR إلى PE5 : 1

لا تزال هناك هذه:

route-policy BGP-Path-Selection
  set path-selection multipath advertise
  set path-selection backup 1 install multipath-protect advertise multipath-protect-advertise
end-policy
!

قبل تغييرات قياس IGP (التكلفة هي نفسها في جميع الارتباطات):

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                 10          10
Last Modified: Sep 18 09:08:42.907 for 05:26:53
Paths: (5 available, best #1)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 1, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5        10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 2, version 10
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5        10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3)
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 4, version 5
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.5        10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4)
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 0, Local Path ID 5, version 7
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5)
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

بعد تغيير مقياس IGP:

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:RR#show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 1:1 10.1.1.1/32 age-order

BGP routing table entry for 10.1.1.1/32, Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Versions:
  Process           bRIB/RIB  SendTblVer
  Speaker                 14          14
    Flags: 0x2486b2b2+0x00010000; multipath; backup available;
Last Modified: Sep 18 16:09:45.907 for 00:01:10
Paths: (5 available, best #2)
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Path #1: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084020205, import: 0x94
  Not advertised to any peer
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.1 (metric 6) from 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 0, version 0
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #2: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000085070205, import: 0x9f
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.5 (metric 2) from 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24014
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best, group-best, multipath, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 1, version 11
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #3: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084060205, import: 0x94
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.2 (metric 5) from 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, backup(protect multipath), add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 3, version 10
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #4: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084070205, import: 0xd4
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.4 (metric 3) from 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24013
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, backup, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 5, version 14
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1
  Path #5: Received by speaker 0
  Flags: 0x2000000084070205, import: 0x94
  Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):
    0.3
  Advertised to peers (in unique update groups):
    10.0.0.6
  Local, (Received from a RR-client)
    10.0.0.3 (metric 4) from 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3), if-handle 0x00000000
      Received Label 24012
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, multipath, add-path, import-candidate, imported
      Received Path ID 1, Local Path ID 4, version 10
      Extended community: RT:65000:1
      Source AFI: VPNv4 Unicast, Source VRF: one, Source Route Distinguisher: 1:1

أفضل مسار الآن هو المسار من 10.0.0.5 بسبب انخفاض مقياس IGP (المتري 2).
مسار النسخ الاحتياطي هو الآن المسار الذي يحتوي على ثاني أفضل قياس IGP، وهو المسار من 10.0.0.4 (المتري 3).
كما أن المسار الأفضل ومسار النسخ الاحتياطي متعدد المسارات، لذلك يبقى مسار واحد متعدد المسارات ليتم إختياره. هذا هو المسار من 10.0.0.3 (القياس 4).
مسار النسخ الاحتياطي (حماية المسارات المتعددة) هو المسار من 10.0.0.2 (القياس 5).
وأخيرا، لم يتم وضع علامة على المسار من 10.0.0.1 (المتري 6) على الإطلاق، لأنه يحتوي على أسوأ مقياس.

محفوظات المراجعة

المراجعة	تاريخ النشر	التعليقات
2.0	10-Dec-2021	تنسيق التحديثات
1.0	17-Jun-2021	الإصدار الأولي

تمت المساهمة بواسطة مهندسو Cisco

Luc De Ghein
مهندس TAC من Cisco

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