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QoS Policing

Cisco Modular Quality of Service Command Line Interface

DATA SHEET

USER LANGUAGE FOR CISCO QUALITY OF SERVICE

The network, heart of any modern business, serves business applications and their users. Cisco IOS® Quality of Service (QoS) facilitates the management of network performance with respect to bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss, which are critical to optimizing application performance and meeting Service Level Agreements (SLAs).
Customers have clear QoS requirements:

• Standard Command Line Interface (CLI) and semantics for QoS features across all platforms supported by Cisco IOS Software

• Simple and accurate configurations

• QoS provisioning within the context of an extensible language

These reduce training and deployment costs and time. Most critically, realization of these requirements ensures a seamless, end-to-end implementation of QoS that offers predictable treatment to traffic and fulfills the desired network policies.
Cisco Modular QoS CLI (MQC) framework is the Cisco IOS QoS* user language that makes these stringent requirements possible.

CISCO MQC-DEFINING A USER LANGUAGE FOR CISCO IOS QOS

Cisco MQC provides a modular and highly extensible framework for deploying QoS, by standardizing the CLI and semantics for QoS features across all platforms that are supported by Cisco IOS Software.
A standardized language for QoS provides three primary benefits:
1. Minimizes the learning curve, number of provisioning errors, and the time and cost of deployment by giving customers a consistent, clear, and modular QoS configuration across all Cisco platforms.
2. Ensures consistent behavior from all hardware, which conforms to the MQC specification, regardless of the hardware environment. This allows customers to configure QoS in consistency on all hardware, from the smallest Cisco platforms to the most powerful core routers. This also enables the seamless transition of QoS configurations between platforms, making it easy to transport QoS policies during hardware upgrades.
3. Enables rapid insertion of new features and technology innovations (ie: new classification techniques, hierarchical QoS structures) on any platform, because of the extensible framework. This framework also leverages the existing knowledge and methodology of the user.

CISCO MQC-THE FRAMEWORK AND ADVANTAGES

Cisco MQC was first introduced as a framework for Class-Based Weighed Fair Queuing (CBWFQ) in Cisco IOS Software Release 12.0(5)T. It has evolved to support the majority of the QoS features. Using MQC requires a three-step process (see Figure 1):
1. Define a class-map. The first step in QoS deployment is to identify the interesting traffic (ie: classify the packets). This step defines a grouping of network traffic-a class-map in MQC terminology-with various classification tools: Access Control Lists (ACLs), IP addresses, IP precedence, IP Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), IEEE 802.1p, MPLS EXP, and Cisco Network Based Application Recognition (NBAR).
2. Define a policy-map. Decide what to do with a group once its traffic has been identified. This step can be considered the actual construction of a QoS policy-a policy-map in MQC terminology-by choosing the group of traffic (ie: class-map) on which to perform QoS functions. Examples of QoS functions are queuing, dropping, policing, shaping, and marking.
3. Apply the policy-map. Apply the appropriate policy-map to the desired interfaces, sub-interfaces, or Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) or Frame Relay Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs).

Figure 1. A Sample Application of MQC

The classification step is modular and independent of what is done to the packet after it is classified. For example, a defined policy-map contains various class-maps and the configuration within a policy-map can be changed independently from the configuration of a defined class-map (and vice versa). Further, use of the no policy-map command can disable an entire QoS policy.

CISCO MQC-SUMMARY

Cisco MQC standardizes the CLI and semantics for configuring QoS features. The following are advantages of the Cisco MQC:

• Standardizes QoS provisioning across all Cisco IOS Software platforms, while hiding and abstracting the underlying hardware architecture. Customers can upgrade to the next generation of Cisco hardware, and copy existing MQC configurations, regardless of the deployment platforms.

• Isolates classification changes from policy changes, and disables a QoS policy with a single command, via a modular configuration. In addition, a well-constructed QoS policy can be applied to multiple interfaces or Permanent Virtual Connections (PVCs), implementing the "build once, use many" paradigm.

• Supports the concept of hierarchical policies to deliver an extremely powerful QoS solution.

Example: enforce a sub-rate (ie: 10Mbps virtual pipe on a 1Gbps link) on a particular link, while offering minimum bandwidth guarantees to applications such as voice, mission critical applications, and video within that virtual pipe:

• Voice: 1 Mbps

• Mission critical applications traffic: 2 Mbps

• Video: 5 Mbps

• Remaining bandwidth allocated to best-effort traffic within the defined 10 Mbps pipe

Below is the sample configuration.
Router(config)# policy-map CHILD
Router(config-pmap)# class VOICE
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority 1000
Router(config-pmap-c)# class MCA
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth 2000
Router(config-pmap-c)# class VIDEO
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth 5000
Router(config)# policy-map PARENT
Router(config-pmap)# class class-default
Router(config-pmap-c)# shape average 10000000
Router(config-pmap-c)# service-policy CHILD

Note: If a particular application does not use the bandwidth, it can be shared among the active applications, therefore no bandwidth is wasted.

• Incorporates new QoS policy and classification functionality easily, as an addition to the underlying infrastructure.

• Supports the Cisco CBQoSMIB, which is one of the most flexible and feature-rich QoS MIBs in the world-both in terms of the amount of information it provides on traffic transiting a link or PVC (ie: bit-rate on a per class of service basis), and in terms of the information it provides about how the various features acted on the traffic (e.g. packet-drops, drop-rate, packets policed, shaped, etc.).

CISCO MQC-KEY QOS FEATURES AND VALUE PROPOSITIONS

Table 1 summarizes some of the key QoS features within the MQC framework, their benefits and applicability.

Table 1. MQC-Based QoS Features and Value Propositions

Cisco MQC Feature

Value Proposition

Enterprise Backbone

Enterprise Premise Edge

Service Provider Aggregation Edge

Service Provider Core

Comprehensive Layer 2 and Layer 3 Classification and Marking

Complete set of capabilities to classify and mark traffic based on any Layer 2 or Layer 3 QoS field (ie: IEEE 802.1p, MPLS EXP, IP DSCP, ATM CLP, FR DE).

X

X

X

 
Low Latency Queuing (LLQ)

Offers a complete queuing solution, with bandwidth-bounded priority queuing and CBWFQ.

X

X

X

X

Network Based Application Recognition (NBAR)

Intelligently classifies Layer 4 through Layer 7 protocols, including Citrix, HTTP-URLs, SAP

X

X

X

*

Single-Rate Policer

Highly versatile policer that allows for packet re-marking (Layer 2 and Layer 3) or dropping policies to control traffic at the network edges/aggregation points. Conforms to RFC-2697.

X

X

X

*

Two-Rate Policer

Extending the features of the single-rate policer, the two-rate policer makes the feature more intuitive to use by supporting both a Committed Information Rate (CIR) and Peak Information Rate (PIR) (average and peak rates), and allows duplication of the CIR/PIR service of Frame-Relay in the pure IP domain. Conforms to RFC-2698.

X

X

X

X

Weighted Random Early Detect (WRED)

Provides active queue management to optimize Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and rate-adaptive flows. Can be used in conjunction with CBWFQ, while being DiffServ-Compliant. Using WRED aids in implementing the Assured Forwarding (AF) behavior and maximizes network throughput in congestion scenarios.

X

X

X

X

Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)

A feature of WRED, ECN notifies TCP hosts about congestion in the network and requests a slow down. ECN offers a more efficient way to indicate congestion to end-systems, compared to packet drops.

X

X

X

X

Class-Based QoS MIB

For all features within the MQC feature, this MIB offers monitoring of various counters, and is the most comprehensive QoS monitoring infrastructure in the industry.

X

X

X

X

X Primary applicability
* Secondary applicability

CISCO MQC IN CISCO PRODUCTS

Currently, Cisco MQC is supported on the following platforms:

• Cisco 800, 1700, 1800, 2600-XM, 2800, 3600, 3700, 3800, 6500, 7300, 7400, 7500, and 7600 Series Routers

• Cisco 10000 and 12000 Series Internet Routers

CISCO MQC-NEW MQC FEATURES IN CISCO IOS SOFTWARE

This section outlines the latest QoS features within MQC, their benefits and applicability.

Table 2. MQC Features in Cisco IOS Software Release 12.3T

Cisco MQC Feature

Value Proposition

Enterprise Backbone

Enterprise Premise Edge

Service Provider Aggregation Edge

Service Provider Core

QoS Bandwidth Estimation

Elimination of operational overhead and guesswork in bandwidth provisioning and QoS configuration, WAN cost saving

X

X

X

*

AutoQoS for Enterprise

Customers can implement QoS for voice, video and data traffic without in-depth knowledge of QoS and the underlining technologies, simplifies QoS deployment

*

X

*

N/A

QoS: Classification, Policing, and Marking on L2TP Network Server (LNS)

Provides policing and marking on a per-session basis for the traffic forwarded into L2TP tunnels to the appropriate LNS and for traffic coming from an L2TP tunnel toward a customer edge router

N/A

X

X

*

Enhanced Voice and QoS for ADSL G.SHDSL

Allows service providers to increase revenue by building differentiated service options based on premium, standard, or best-effort service classes

N/A

*

X

N/A

Virtual Route Forwarding (VRF) and MQC Hierarchical Shaping in Parallel eXpress Forwarding (PXF)

Enables service providers to turn on VRF and MQC hierarchical shaping in PXF concurrently with other features in the PXF path without significant performance degradation

X

X

X

X

X Primary applicability
* Secondary applicability
N/A Not Applicable
For more information on Cisco QoS and MQC, refer to: http://www.cisco.com/go/qos/
Text Box:  Corporate HeadquartersCisco Systems, Inc.170 West Tasman DriveSan Jose, CA 95134-1706USAwww.cisco.comTel:   408 526-4000    800 553-NETS (6387)Fax: 408 526-4100    European HeadquartersCisco Systems International BVHaarlerbergparkHaarlerbergweg 13-191101 CH AmsterdamThe Netherlandswww-europe.cisco.comTel:  31 0 20 357 1000Fax:    31 0 20 357 1100    Americas HeadquartersCisco Systems, Inc.170 West Tasman DriveSan Jose, CA 95134-1706USAwww.cisco.comTel:    408 526-7660Fax:    408 527-0883    Asia Pacific HeadquartersCisco Systems, Inc.168 Robinson Road#28-01 Capital TowerSingapore 068912www.cisco.comTel: +65 6317 7777Fax: +65 6317 7799Cisco Systems has more than 200 offices in the following countries and regions. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed onthe Cisco Website at www.cisco.com/go/offices.Argentina · Australia · Austria · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Canada · Chile · China PRC · Colombia · Costa Rica · Croatia · Cyprus Czech Republic · Denmark · Dubai, UAE · Finland · France · Germany · Greece · Hong Kong SAR · Hungary · India · Indonesia · Ireland · Israel Italy · Japan · Korea · Luxembourg · Malaysia · Mexico · The Netherlands · New Zealand · Norway · Peru · Philippines · Poland · Portugal Puerto Rico · Romania · Russia · Saudi Arabia · Scotland · Singapore · Slovakia · Slovenia · South Africa · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Taiwan Thailand · Turkey · Ukraine · United Kingdom · United States · Venezuela · Vietnam · ZimbabweCopyright  2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CCSP, CCVP, the Cisco Square Bridge logo, Follow Me Browsing, and StackWise are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play, and Learn, and iQuick Study are service marks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; and Access Registrar, Aironet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCIP, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo, Cisco IOS, Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Cisco Unity, Empowering the Internet Generation, Enterprise/Solver, EtherChannel, EtherFast, EtherSwitch, Fast Step, FormShare, GigaDrive, GigaStack, HomeLink, Internet Quotient, IOS, IP/TV, iQ Expertise, the iQ logo, iQ Net Readiness Scorecard, LightStream, Linksys, MeetingPlace, MGX, the Networkers logo, Networking Academy, Network Registrar, Packet, PIX, Post-Routing, Pre-Routing, ProConnect, RateMUX, ScriptShare, SlideCast, SMARTnet, StrataView Plus, TeleRouter, The Fastest Way to Increase Your Internet Quotient, and TransPath are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and certain other countries.All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Website are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (0502R)   205283.D_ETMG_SH_5.05Printed in the USA Text Box:  Corporate HeadquartersCisco Systems, Inc.170 West Tasman DriveSan Jose, CA 95134-1706USAwww.cisco.comTel:    408 526-4000    800 553-NETS (6387)Fax: 408 526-4100    European HeadquartersCisco Systems International BVHaarlerbergparkHaarlerbergweg 13-191101 CH AmsterdamThe Netherlandswww-europe.cisco.comTel:  31 0 20 357 1000Fax:    31 0 20 357 1100    Americas HeadquartersCisco Systems, Inc.170 West Tasman DriveSan Jose, CA 95134-1706USAwww.cisco.comTel:    408 526-7660Fax:    408 527-0883    Asia Pacific HeadquartersCisco Systems, Inc.168 Robinson Road#28-01 Capital TowerSingapore 068912www.cisco.comTel: +65 6317 7777Fax: +65 6317 7799Cisco Systems has more than 200 offices in the following countries and regions. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed onthe Cisco Website at www.cisco.com/go/offices.Argentina · Australia · Austria · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Canada · Chile · China PRC · Colombia · Costa Rica · Croatia · Cyprus Czech Republic · Denmark · Dubai, UAE · Finland · France · Germany · Greece · Hong Kong SAR · Hungary · India · Indonesia · Ireland · Israel Italy · Japan · Korea · Luxembourg · Malaysia · Mexico · The Netherlands · New Zealand · Norway · Peru · Philippines · Poland · Portugal Puerto Rico · Romania · Russia · Saudi Arabia · Scotland · Singapore · Slovakia · Slovenia · South Africa · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Taiwan Thailand · Turkey · Ukraine · United Kingdom · United States · Venezuela · Vietnam · ZimbabweCopyright  2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CCSP, CCVP, the Cisco Square Bridge logo, Follow Me Browsing, and StackWise are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play, and Learn, and iQuick Study are service marks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; and Access Registrar, Aironet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCIP, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo, Cisco IOS, Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Cisco Unity, Empowering the Internet Generation, Enterprise/Solver, EtherChannel, EtherFast, EtherSwitch, Fast Step, FormShare, GigaDrive, GigaStack, HomeLink, Internet Quotient, IOS, IP/TV, iQ Expertise, the iQ logo, iQ Net Readiness Scorecard, LightStream, Linksys, MeetingPlace, MGX, the Networkers logo, Networking Academy, Network Registrar, Packet, PIX, Post-Routing, Pre-Routing, ProConnect, RateMUX, ScriptShare, SlideCast, SMARTnet, StrataView Plus, TeleRouter, The Fastest Way to Increase Your Internet Quotient, and TransPath are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and certain other countries.All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Website are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (0502R)   205283.D_ETMG_SH_5.05Printed in the USA

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