在Catalyst 9000系列交換器上實作BGP EVPN DHCP第2層中繼

已更新: 2024 年 1 月 17 日

文件 ID:221565

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簡介

本文檔介紹如何配置、檢驗EVPN VxLAN DHCP L2中繼功能並對其進行故障排除。

必要條件

需求

在使用DHCP的任何CGW型別部署中都使用此功能
如果實施保護分段，請查閱這些文檔
- 在Catalyst 9000系列交換器上實作BGP EVPN路由原則
- 在Catalyst 9000系列交換器上實作BGP EVPN受保護重疊分段

採用元件

本文中的資訊係根據以下軟體和硬體版本：

Catalyst 9300
Catalyst 9400
Catalyst 9500
Catalyst 9600
Cisco IOS® XE 17.12.1及更高版本

本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中，請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。

背景資訊

檔案詳細資訊

本文檔可用於任何CGW部署，其中DHCP需要從沒有SVI的枝葉中繼到中央網關。

如果您未使用受保護的分段，請使用文檔中將SVI通告到交換矩陣中的部分

如果要實施保護分段，本文檔是3個互相關文檔的第2部分：

檔案1:在Catalyst 9000系列交換器上實作BGP EVPN路由原則涵蓋如何在重疊中控制BGP BUM流量，必須首先設定
文檔2:在Catalyst 9000系列交換機上實施BGP EVPN保護覆蓋分段基於文檔1的覆蓋設計和策略，介紹「protected」關鍵字的實施。
文檔3:此文檔。在前兩個文檔之上構建並描述了僅使用第2層枝葉和CGW實現DHCP中繼的方式

L2中繼行為

中繼	窺探	核心泛洪	訪問泛洪	IPv4
是	是	否	是	選項82子選項：(1)代理電路ID(vni-mod-port)填充了dhcp監聽可以使用dhcp信任配置限制接入端推薦型號*
是	否	是	是	選項82子選項：(1)代理電路ID(vlan-mod-port)填充了dhcp監聽
否	是	否	是	選項82子選項：(1)代理電路ID(vni-mod-port)填充了dhcp監聽可以使用dhcp信任配置限制接入端
中繼	窺探	核心泛洪	訪問泛洪	IPv6
是	是	是	是	選項82子選項：(1)代理電路ID(vni-mod-port)填充了dhcp監聽可以使用dhcp信任配置限制接入端
是	否	是	是	選項82子選項：(1)代理電路ID(vlan-mod-port)填充了dhcp監聽
否	是	是	是	選項82子選項：(1)代理電路ID(vni-mod-port)填充了dhcp監聽可以使用dhcp信任配置限制接入端
否	否	是	是

技術

VRF	虛擬路由轉送	定義與其他VRF和全域性IPv4/IPv6路由域分離的第3層路由域
AF	地址系列	定義BGP處理的型別字首和路由資訊
AS	自治系統	一組網際網路可路由IP字首，它們屬於一個網路或一組網路，都由單個實體或組織管理、控制和監督
EVPN	乙太網路虛擬私人網路	允許BGP傳輸第2層MAC和第3層IP資訊的擴展是EVPN和使用多協定邊界網關協定(MP-BGP)作為協定，以分發與VXLAN重疊網路相關的可達性資訊。
VXLAN	虛擬可擴充LAN（區域網路）	VXLAN的用途是克服VLAN和STP的固有限制。建議採用的IETF標準[RFC 7348]提供與VLAN相同的乙太網第2層網路服務，但具有更高的靈活性。功能上，它是UDP內MAC封裝協定，在第3層底層網路上作為虛擬重疊運行。
CGW	集中式網關	以及網關SVI不在每個枝葉上的EVPN的實現。相反，所有路由都是由使用非對稱IRB（整合路由和橋接）的特定枝葉完成的
DEF網關	預設閘道	在「l2vpn evpn」配置部分下通過命令「default-gateway advertise enable」新增到MAC/IP字首的BGP擴展社群屬性。
IMET(RT3)	包含型組播乙太網標籤（路由）	也稱為BGP type-3路由。此路由型別在EVPN中用於在VTEP之間傳送BUM（廣播/未知單點傳播/多點傳送）流量。
RT2	路由型別2	代表主機MAC或網關MAC-IP的BGP MAC或MAC/IP字首
EVPN管理器	EVPN管理員	用於各種其他元件的中央管理元件（例如：從SISF學習並向L2RIB傳送訊號）
SISF	交換器整合式安全功能	EVPN使用的不可知主機跟蹤表，用於瞭解枝葉上存在哪些本地主機
L2RIB	第2層路由資訊庫	在用於管理BGP、EVPN管理器、L2FIB之間互動的中間元件中
FED	轉發引擎驅動程式	對ASIC（硬體）層程式設計
MATLAB	Mac位址表管理員	IOS MATM：僅安裝本地地址和 FED MATM：硬體表，安裝從控制平面獲取的本地和遠端地址，並且是硬體轉發平面的一部分

配置（標準CGW部署）

網路圖表

Totally Isolated Diagram

註：本節介紹不使用受保護功能的標準CGW部署。

顯示DHCP DORA資料包交換的調試僅顯示在Protected segment示例中

L2 VTEP（枝葉）金鑰詳細資訊

請求資料包來自客戶端

使用預設gw通告CGW mac。
如果存在多個gw，則將使用第一個gw mac。
將外部廣播MAC（客戶端發起的：DORA中的D和R）轉換為單播GW MAC並轉發到CGW

DHCP監聽新增：選項82子選項：電路和RID

(RID用於CGW上的響應包處理)

(通知CGW其非本地，並將交換矩陣中繼傳回L2VTEP)

Option: (82) Agent Information Option
        Length: 24
        Option 82 Suboption: (1) Agent Circuit ID
            Length: 12
            Agent Circuit ID: 010a00080000277501010000
        Option 82 Suboption: (2) Agent Remote ID
            Length: 8
          Agent Remote ID: 
          000682c7bf88700 <-- switch base mac 682c.7bf8.8700 (from 'show switch')

通過vxlan隧道從CGW接收的響應資料包。
枝葉條選項82。
新增帶有客戶端源介面的繫結條目。（vxlan-mod-port提供客戶端源介面）。
將響應資料包轉發到客戶端。

L3 VTEP(CGW)金鑰詳細資訊

啟用DHCP監聽
在SVI中啟用DHCP中繼
從L2VTEP接收請求，並將其提供給中繼。
中繼新增其他選項82子選項（gi、伺服器覆蓋等）並傳送到DHCP伺服器。
來自dhcp伺服器的DHCP響應首先進入RELAY元件。
在RELAY刪除選項82引數（gi地址、伺服器覆蓋等）後，資料包將傳遞到dhcp監聽元件。
窺探元件檢查RID（路由器ID），如果它不是本地的，則不會刪除選項82子選項1和2。
交換矩陣中繼（因為RID不是本地的）資料包直接轉發到遠端客戶端。
使用客戶端Mac並進行橋接注入。硬體執行客戶端mac查詢，並將帶有vxlan封裝的資料包轉發到始發L2VTEP。

L2VTEP

配置evpn例項

Leaf-01#show run | beg l2vpn evpn instance 201
l2vpn evpn instance 201 vlan-based
 encapsulation vxlan
 replication-type ingress

啟用DHCP監聽

Leaf-01#show run | sec dhcp snoop
ip dhcp snooping vlan 101,201
ip dhcp snooping

CGW

配置evpn例項

Border#sh run | s l2vpn evpn instance 201
l2vpn evpn instance 201 vlan-based
 encapsulation vxlan
 replication-type ingress
 default-gateway advertise enable  <-- Enable to add BGP DEF GW ext. community attribute

註:DEF GW屬性對於L2中繼來說至關重要，它知道要將DHCP資料包封裝並傳送到誰。

啟用DHCP監聽

Border#sh run | s dhcp snoop
ip dhcp snooping vlan 101,201
ip dhcp snooping

確保DHCP中繼具有正確的配置以處理其他選項

Border#sh run int vl 201
Building configuration...

interface Vlan201
 mac-address 0000.beef.cafe
 vrf forwarding red
 ip dhcp relay information option vpn-id  <-- Ensure the vrf info is passed to the server
 ip dhcp relay source-interface Loopback0 <-- Sets the relay source interface to the loopback 
 ip address 10.1.201.1 255.255.255.0
 ip helper-address global 10.1.33.33      <-- In this scenario the DHCP server is in the global routing table

驗證（標準CGW部署）

網關字首（分葉）

Leaf-01#sh bgp l2vpn evpn route-type 2 0 0000.beef.cafe 10.1.201.1
BGP routing table entry for [2][172.16.255.3:201][0][48][0000BEEFCAFE][32][10.1.201.1]/24, version 896401
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table evi_201)  <-- In the EVI context for the segment
Not advertised to any peer
Refresh Epoch 3
Local, imported path from [2][172.16.255.6:201][0][48][0000BEEFCAFE][32][10.1.201.1]/24 (global)
  172.16.255.6 (metric 30) (via default) from 172.16.255.1 (172.16.255.1)
    Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
    EVPN ESI: 00000000000000000000, Label1 20101              <-- Correct segment ID
    Extended Community: RT:65001:201 ENCAP:8 EVPN DEF GW:0:0  <-- GW attribute added indicating this is GW prefix which L2 Relay uses
    Originator: 172.16.255.6, Cluster list: 172.16.255.1      <-- Learned from the Border (CGW)
    rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0
    Updated on Nov 14 2023 16:06:40 UTC

FED MATM（分葉）

Leaf-01#show platform software fed switch active matm macTable vlan 201
VLAN   MAC                  Type  Seq#    EC_Bi  Flags  machandle           siHandle            riHandle            diHandle              *a_time  *e_time  ports                                                         Con

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
201    0006.f601.cd42        0x1   32436      0      0  0x71e058dc3368      0x71e058655018      0x0                 0x71e05877c888            300       69  GigabitEthernet1/0/1                                          Yes

201    0006.f601.cd01        0x1   32437      0      0  0x71e058dae308      0x71e058655018      0x0                 0x71e05877c888            300        9  GigabitEthernet1/0/1                                          Yes

201    0000.beef.cafe  0x5000001       0      0     64  0x71e059177138      0x71e058eeb418      0x71e058df81f8      0x0                         0       69  VTEP 172.16.255.6 adj_id 1371                                 No
 <--- The GW MAC shows learnt via the Border Leaf Loopback with the right flags

Total Mac number of addresses:: 3
Summary:
Total number of secure addresses:: 0
Total number of drop addresses:: 0
Total number of lisp local addresses:: 0
Total number of lisp remote addresses:: 1          <--- 
*a_time=aging_time(secs)  *e_time=total_elapsed_time(secs)
Type:
MAT_DYNAMIC_ADDR           0x1  MAT_STATIC_ADDR            0x2  MAT_CPU_ADDR               0x4  MAT_DISCARD_ADDR           0x8
MAT_ALL_VLANS             0x10  MAT_NO_FORWARD            0x20  MAT_IPMULT_ADDR           0x40  MAT_RESYNC                0x80
MAT_DO_NOT_AGE           0x100  MAT_SECURE_ADDR          0x200  MAT_NO_PORT              0x400  MAT_DROP_ADDR            0x800
MAT_DUP_ADDR            0x1000  MAT_NULL_DESTINATION    0x2000  MAT_DOT1X_ADDR          0x4000  MAT_ROUTER_ADDR         0x8000
MAT_WIRELESS_ADDR      0x10000  MAT_SECURE_CFG_ADDR    0x20000  MAT_OPQ_DATA_PRESENT   0x40000  MAT_WIRED_TUNNEL_ADDR  0x80000
MAT_DLR_ADDR          0x100000  MAT_MRP_ADDR          0x200000  MAT_MSRP_ADDR         0x400000  MAT_LISP_LOCAL_ADDR   0x800000
MAT_LISP_REMOTE_ADDR 0x1000000  MAT_VPLS_ADDR        0x2000000  MAT_LISP_GW_ADDR     0x4000000                                 <-- these 3 values added = 0x5000001 (note that 0x4000000 = GW type address

本地MAC（枝葉）

Leaf-01#show switch
Switch/Stack Mac Address : 682c.7bf8.8700 - Local Mac Address
Mac persistency wait time: Indefinite
                                             H/W   Current
Switch#   Role    Mac Address     Priority Version  State
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*1       Active   682c.7bf8.8700     1      V01     Ready   <--- Use to validate the Agent ID in DHCP Option 82

DHCP窺探（枝葉和CGW）

Leaf-01#show ip dhcp snooping
Switch DHCP snooping is enabled
Switch DHCP gleaning is disabled
DHCP snooping is configured on following VLANs:
101,201
DHCP snooping is operational on following VLANs:
101,201

Insertion of option 82 is enabled
circuit-id default format: vlan-mod-port
remote-id: 682c.7bf8.8700 (MAC)          <--- Leaf-01 adds the switch MAC to Option 82 to indicate to CGW the packet is remote

CGW#show ip dhcp snooping
Switch DHCP snooping is enabled
Switch DHCP gleaning is disabled
DHCP snooping is configured on following VLANs:
101,201
DHCP snooping is operational on following VLANs:
101,201

配置（部分隔離受保護）

接入枝葉上的DHCP監聽依靠來自CGW的預設網關路由來學習網關MAC以將DHCP資料包轉發到。

使用部分隔離設計和外部網關時，CGW上需要額外的配置來使用預設網關(DEF GW)屬性通告MAC-IP RT2。

註：注意：本節還用於描述完全隔離受保護網段實施，該實施還使用通告到交換矩陣中的GW（與交換矩陣外部的GW相比）。

網路圖表

Partially Isolated Diagram

Expanded Partially Isolated logical flow

L2 VTEP（枝葉）金鑰詳細資訊

請求資料包來自客戶端

使用預設gw通告CGW mac。
如果存在多個gw，則將使用第一個gw mac。
將外部廣播MAC（客戶端發起的：DORA中的D和R）轉換為單播GW MAC並轉發到CGW

DHCP監聽新增：選項82子選項：電路和RID

(RID用於CGW上的響應包處理)

(通知CGW其非本地，並將交換矩陣中繼傳回L2VTEP)

Option: (82) Agent Information Option
        Length: 24
        Option 82 Suboption: (1) Agent Circuit ID
            Length: 12
            Agent Circuit ID: 010a00080000277501010000
        Option 82 Suboption: (2) Agent Remote ID
            Length: 8
          Agent Remote ID: 
          000682c7bf88700 <-- switch base mac 682c.7bf8.8700 (from 'show switch')

通過vxlan隧道從CGW接收的響應資料包。
枝葉條選項82。
新增帶有客戶端源介面的繫結條目。（vxlan-mod-port提供客戶端源介面）。
將響應資料包轉發到客戶端。

L3 VTEP(CGW)金鑰詳細資訊

啟用DHCP監聽
在SVI中啟用DHCP中繼
從L2VTEP接收請求，並將其提供給中繼。
中繼新增其他選項82子選項（gi、伺服器覆蓋等）並傳送到DHCP伺服器。
來自dhcp伺服器的DHCP響應首先進入RELAY元件。
在RELAY刪除選項82引數（gi地址、伺服器覆蓋等）後，資料包將傳遞到dhcp監聽元件。
窺探元件檢查RID（路由器ID），如果它不是本地的，則不會刪除選項82子選項1和2。
交換矩陣中繼（因為RID不是本地的）資料包直接轉發到遠端客戶端。
使用客戶端Mac並進行橋接注入。硬體執行客戶端mac查詢，並將帶有vxlan封裝的資料包轉發到始發L2VTEP。

支援DHCP L2中繼所需的步驟：

啟用ip local learning
建立禁用蒐集功能的策略
連線到外部網關evi/vlan
將靜態條目新增到外部網關mac-ip的裝置跟蹤表中
建立BGP路由對映以匹配RT2 MAC-IP字首並設定預設網關擴展社群
將route-map應用於BGP路由反射器鄰居
確保DHCP中繼具有正確的配置以處理其他選項
在交換矩陣VLAN和外部GW VLAN上配置DHCP監聽

注意：訪問枝葉不需要更改配置即可支援帶有外部網關的DHCP L2中繼。

CGW

啟用ip local learning

CGW#show running-config | beg l2vpn evpn instance 202
l2vpn evpn instance 202 vlan-based
 encapsulation vxlan
 replication-type ingress
 ip local-learning enable 
<-- to advertise RT-2 with default gateway EC, ip local-learning must be enabled on the CGW. 
    Use additional device-tracking policy shown in the next output to prevent MAC-IP binding flapping while still being able to advertise RT-2 with default gateway Ext Community
 multicast advertise enable
<--- There is no default-gateway advertise enable cli here, as the SVI (Vlan 2021) used by this segment does not exist in this Vlan and is not part of the fabric

建立禁用蒐集功能的策略

device-tracking policy dt-no-glean <-- Configure device tracking policy to prevent MAC-IP flapping 
 security-level glean
 no protocol ndp
 no protocol dhcp6
 no protocol arp
 no protocol dhcp4

連線到外部網關evi/vlan

CGW#show running-config | sec vlan config
vlan configuration 202
 member evpn-instance 202 vni 20201
 device-tracking attach-policy dt-no-glean <-- apply the new device tracking policy to the vlan configuration

將靜態條目新增到外部網關mac-ip的裝置跟蹤表中

device-tracking binding vlan 202 10.1.202.1 interface TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1 0000.beef.cafe
<-- All static entries in device tracking table should be for external gateway mac-ip’s. 
    If there is any other static entry in device tracking table, match ip/ipv6 configurations in route map with prefix lists (permit/deny) are required to attach default gateway extended community to external gateway mac-iproutes only.

建立BGP路由對映以匹配RT2 MAC-IP字首並設定預設網關擴展社群

route-map CGW_DEF_GW permit 10
 match evpn route-type 2-mac-ip <-- match RT2 type MAC-IP
 set extcommunity default-gw    <-- Set Default-gateway (DEF GW 0:0) extended community 
route-map CGW_DEF_GW permit 20

將route-map應用於BGP路由反射器鄰居

CGW#sh run | sec router bgp
address-family l2vpn evpn
 neighbor 172.16.255.1 activate
 neighbor 172.16.255.1 send-community both
 neighbor 172.16.255.1 route-map CGW_DEF_GW out  <-- Sets the DEF GW Community when it advertises MAC-IP type RT2 to the RR
 neighbor 172.16.255.2 activate
 neighbor 172.16.255.2 send-community both
 neighbor 172.16.255.2 route-map CGW_DEF_GW out <-- Sets the DEF GW Community when it advertises MAC-IP type RT2 to the RR

確保DHCP中繼具有正確的配置以處理其他選項

CGW#show run int vl 2021
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 315 bytes
!
interface Vlan2021
 mac-address 0000.beef.cafe
 vrf forwarding pink
 ip dhcp relay information option vpn-id   <-- Ensure the vrf info is passed to the server
 ip dhcp relay source-interface Loopback0  <-- sets the relay source interface to the loopback 
 ip address 10.1.202.1 255.255.255.0
 ip helper-address global 10.1.33.33       <-- In this scenario the next hop to the DHCP server is in the global table
 no ip redirects
 ip local-proxy-arp
 ip route-cache same-interface
 no autostate

在光纖VLAN和外部GW VLAN上配置DHCP監聽

Leaf01#sh run | s dhcp snoop
ip dhcp snooping vlan 202
ip dhcp snooping

CGW#sh run | s dhcp snoop
ip dhcp snooping vlan 202,2021  <-- snooping is required in both the fabric vlan and the external GW vlan 
ip dhcp snooping

確保到DHCP伺服器的上行鏈路在CGW上受信任

CGW#sh run int tw 1/0/1

interface TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 202
 switchport mode trunk
 ip dhcp snooping trust
end

CGW#sh run int tw 1/0/2

interface TwentyFiveGigE1/0/2
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 33,2021
 switchport mode trunk
 ip dhcp snooping trust
end

注意：由於伺服器置於防火牆裝置上的方式，因此在兩個面向此裝置的鏈路上配置了信任。在放大圖中，您可以看到此設計中的Offer同時到達Tw1/0/1和Tw1/0/2。

驗證（已部分隔離保護）

網關字首（分葉）

Leaf01#show bgp l2vpn evpn route-type 2 0 0000.beef.cafe 10.1.202.1
BGP routing table entry for [2][172.16.254.3:202][0][48][0000BEEFCAFE][32][10.1.202.1]/24, version 341181
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table evi_202)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Refresh Epoch 2
  Local, imported path from [2][172.16.254.6:202][0][48][0000BEEFCAFE][32][10.1.202.1]/24 (global)
    172.16.254.6 (metric 3) (via default) from 172.16.255.1 (172.16.255.1)
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
      EVPN ESI: 00000000000000000000, Label1 20201
      Extended Community: RT:65001:202 ENCAP:8 EVPN DEF GW:0:0       <-- GW attribute added indicating this is GW prefix which L2 Relay uses
      Originator: 172.16.255.6, Cluster list: 172.16.255.1
      rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0
      Updated on Sep 19 2023 19:57:25 UTC

FED MATM（分葉）

確認枝葉已在硬體中安裝CGW遠端MAC

Leaf01#show platform software fed switch active matm macTable vlan 202
VLAN   MAC                  Type  Seq#    EC_Bi  Flags  machandle           siHandle            riHandle            diHandle              *a_time  *e_time  ports                                                         Con
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
202    0006.f601.cd01        0x1    1093      0      0  0x71e05918f138      0x71e05917a1a8      0x0                 0x71e05877c888            300        8  GigabitEthernet1/0/1                                          Yes

202    0006.f601.cd44        0x1   14309      0      0  0x71e058cdc208      0x71e05917a1a8      0x0                 0x71e05877c888            300      169  GigabitEthernet1/0/1                                          Yes

202    0000.beef.cafe  0x5000001       0      0     64  0x71e058ee5d88      0x71e059195f88      0x71e059171678      0x0                         0        1  VTEP 172.16.254.6 adj_id 894                                  No
  <--- The GW MAC shows learnt via the Border Leaf Loopback

Total Mac number of addresses:: 3
Summary:
Total number of secure addresses:: 0
Total number of drop addresses:: 0
Total number of lisp local addresses:: 0
Total number of lisp remote addresses:: 1
*a_time=aging_time(secs)  *e_time=total_elapsed_time(secs)
Type:
MAT_DYNAMIC_ADDR           0x1  MAT_STATIC_ADDR            0x2  MAT_CPU_ADDR               0x4  MAT_DISCARD_ADDR           0x8
MAT_ALL_VLANS             0x10  MAT_NO_FORWARD            0x20  MAT_IPMULT_ADDR           0x40  MAT_RESYNC                0x80
MAT_DO_NOT_AGE           0x100  MAT_SECURE_ADDR          0x200  MAT_NO_PORT              0x400  MAT_DROP_ADDR            0x800
MAT_DUP_ADDR            0x1000  MAT_NULL_DESTINATION    0x2000  MAT_DOT1X_ADDR          0x4000  MAT_ROUTER_ADDR         0x8000
MAT_WIRELESS_ADDR      0x10000  MAT_SECURE_CFG_ADDR    0x20000  MAT_OPQ_DATA_PRESENT   0x40000  MAT_WIRED_TUNNEL_ADDR  0x80000
MAT_DLR_ADDR          0x100000  MAT_MRP_ADDR          0x200000  MAT_MSRP_ADDR         0x400000  MAT_LISP_LOCAL_ADDR   0x800000
MAT_LISP_REMOTE_ADDR 0x1000000  MAT_VPLS_ADDR        0x2000000  MAT_LISP_GW_ADDR     0x4000000                                    <-- these 3 values added = 0x5000001 (note that 0x4000000 = GW type address

本地MAC（枝葉）

Leaf01#show switch
Switch/Stack Mac Address : 682c.7bf8.8700 - Local Mac Address
Mac persistency wait time: Indefinite
                                             H/W   Current
Switch#   Role    Mac Address     Priority Version  State
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*1       Active   682c.7bf8.8700     1      V01     Ready  <-- this is the MAC that will be added to DHCP Agent Remote ID

DHCP窺探（枝葉和CGW）

確認在交換矩陣vlan中的枝葉上啟用了DHCP監聽

Leaf01#show ip dhcp snooping
Switch DHCP snooping is enabled
Switch DHCP gleaning is disabled
DHCP snooping is configured on following VLANs:
202
DHCP snooping is operational on following VLANs:   <-- Snooping on in the Fabric Vlan 
202
<...snip...>

Insertion of option 82 is enabled
   circuit-id default format: vlan-mod-port
   remote-id: 682c.7bf8.8700 (MAC)            <--- Remote ID (RID) inserted by Leaf to DHCP packets
<...snip...>

確認在交換矩陣和外部網關VLAN中的CGW上啟用了DHCP監聽

CGW#show ip dhcp snooping
Switch DHCP snooping is enabled
Switch DHCP gleaning is disabled
DHCP snooping is configured on following VLANs:
202,2021
DHCP snooping is operational on following VLANs:  <-- Snooping on in the Fabric and External GW Vlans 
202,2021
<...snip...>

DHCP snooping trust/rate is configured on the following Interfaces:

Interface                  Trusted    Allow option    Rate limit (pps)
-----------------------    -------    ------------    ----------------
TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1              yes        yes             unlimited  <-- Trust set on ports the OFFER arrives on
Interface                  Trusted    Allow option    Rate limit (pps)
-----------------------    -------    ------------    ----------------
  Custom circuit-ids:
TwentyFiveGigE1/0/2              yes        yes             unlimited  <-- Trust set on ports the OFFER arrives on
  Custom circuit-ids:

確認已建立DHCP監聽繫結

Leaf01#show ip dhcp snooping binding
MacAddress          IpAddress        Lease(sec)  Type           VLAN  Interface
------------------  ---------------  ----------  -------------  ----  --------------------
00:06:F6:01:CD:43   10.1.202.10      34261       dhcp-snooping   202   GigabitEthernet1/0/1  <-- DHCP Snooping has created the binding
Total number of bindings: 1

故障排除（任何CGW型別）

調試有助於顯示DHCP監聽和L2中繼進程如何處理DHCP資料包。

注意：這些調試可用於任何型別的部署（使用帶DCHP L2中繼的CGW）。

DHCP窺探偵錯（枝葉）

偵錯以確認封包處理

Leaf01#debug ip dhcp snooping packet
DHCP Snooping Packet debugging is on

Leaf01#show debugging
DHCP Snooping packet debugging is on

開始主機DHCP地址嘗試

對於本文檔，執行通過DHCP定址的SVI的關閉/不關閉以觸發DORA交換
對於Windows主機，可以執行ipconfig /release > ipconfig /renew

從show logging或終端視窗收集調試

DHCP發現

發現來自面向主機的埠

*Sep 19 20:16:31.164: DHCP_SNOOPING: received new DHCP packet from input interface (GigabitEthernet1/0/1)  <-- host facing port

*Sep 19 20:16:31.177: DHCP_SNOOPING: process new DHCP packet, message type: DHCPDISCOVER, input interface: Gi1/0/1, MAC da: ffff.ffff.ffff, MAC sa: 0006.f601.cd43, IP da: 255.255.255.255, IP sa: 0.0.0.0, DHCP ciaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP siaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP giaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP chaddr: 0006.f601.cd43, efp_id: 1412061046, vlan_id: 202, bootpflag:0x32768(Broadcast)
*Sep 19 20:16:31.177: DHCP_SNOOPING: add relay information option.
*Sep 19 20:16:31.177: DHCP_SNOOPING: Encoding opt82 CID in vlan-mod-port format         <-- Option 82 encoding 
*Sep 19 20:16:31.177: DHCP_SNOOPING:VxLAN : vlan_id 202 VNI 20201 mod 1 port 1
*Sep 19 20:16:31.177: DHCP_SNOOPING: Encoding opt82 RID in MAC address format           <-- Encoding the switch Remote ID (local MAC)
*Sep 19 20:16:31.177: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of relay info option, length: 26 data:
0x52 0x18 0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0 0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0  <-- the switch local MAC 682c.7bf8.8700 
*Sep 19 20:16:31.177: DHCPS BRIDGE PAK: vlan=202 platform_flags=1
*Sep 19 20:16:31.177: DHCP_SNOOPING: bridge packet get invalid mat entry: FFFF.FFFF.FFFF, packet is flooded to ingress VLAN: (202)
*Sep 19 20:16:31.177: DHCP_SNOOPING: L2RELAY: sent unicast packet to default gw: 0000.beef.cafe vlan 0 src intf GigabitEthernet1/0/1  <-- indicates the L2 Relay function has picked up the packet and sent it to the CGW

DHCP提供

發現優惠從交換矩陣隧道介面到達

*Sep 19 20:16:33.180: DHCP_SNOOPING: received new DHCP packet from input interface (Tunnel0)
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING: process new DHCP packet, message type: DHCPOFFER, input interface: Tu0, MAC da: 0006.f601.cd43, MAC sa: 0000.beef.cafe, IP da: 255.255.255.255, IP sa: 10.1.202.1, DHCP ciaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP yiaddr: 10.1.202.18, DHCP siaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP giaddr: 10.1.202.1, DHCP chaddr: 0006.f601.cd43, efp_id: 1412061046, vlan_id: 202, bootpflag:0x32768(Broadcast)
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of option 82, length: 26 data:
0x52 0x18 0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0 0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of extracted circuit id, length: 14 data:
0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of extracted remote id, length: 10 data:
0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0                                 <-- the switch local MAC 682c.7bf8.8700
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194:  actual_fmt_cid OPT82_FMT_CID_VXLAN_MOD_PORT_INTF global_opt82_fmt_rid OPT82_FMT_RID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL global_opt82_fmt_cid OPT82_FMT_CID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL cid: sub_option_length 12
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: dhcp_snooping_platform_is_local_dhcp_packet: VXLAN-MOD-PORT opt82 vni 20201, vlan_id 202
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING: opt82 data indicates local packet      <-- switch found its own RID in Option 82 parameters 
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING: remove relay information option.
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING opt82_fmt_cid_intf OPT82_FMT_CID_VXLAN_MOD_PORT_INTF opt82_fmt_cid_global OPT82_FMT_CID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL cid: sub_option_length 12
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING: VxLAN vlan_id 202 VNI 20201 mod 1 port 1
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING: mod 1 port 1 idb Gi1/0/1 found for 0006.f601.cd43
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING: calling forward_dhcp_reply
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: platform lookup dest vlan for input_if: Tunnel0, is  tunnel, if_output: NULL, if_output->vlan_id: 99999, pak->vlan_id: 202
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING opt82_fmt_cid_intf OPT82_FMT_CID_VXLAN_MOD_PORT_INTF opt82_fmt_cid_global OPT82_FMT_CID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL cid: sub_option_length 12
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING: VxLAN vlan_id 202 VNI 20201 mod 1 port 1
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING: mod 1 port 1 idb Gi1/0/1 found for 0006.f601.cd43
*Sep 19 20:16:33.194: DHCP_SNOOPING: vlan 202 after pvlan check
*Sep 19 20:16:33.207: DHCP_SNOOPING: direct forward dhcp replyto output port: GigabitEthernet1/0/1.  <-- sending packet to host port

DHCP請求

從面向主機的埠看到請求

*Sep 19 20:16:33.209: DHCP_SNOOPING: received new DHCP packet from input interface (GigabitEthernet1/0/1)
*Sep 19 20:16:33.222: DHCP_SNOOPING: process new DHCP packet, message type: DHCPREQUEST, input interface: Gi1/0/1, MAC da: ffff.ffff.ffff, MAC sa: 0006.f601.cd43, IP da: 255.255.255.255, IP sa: 0.0.0.0, DHCP ciaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP siaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP giaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP chaddr: 0006.f601.cd43, efp_id: 1412061046, vlan_id: 202, bootpflag:0x32768(Broadcast)
*Sep 19 20:16:33.222: DHCP_SNOOPING: add relay information option.
*Sep 19 20:16:33.222: DHCP_SNOOPING: Encoding opt82 CID in vlan-mod-port format
*Sep 19 20:16:33.222: DHCP_SNOOPING:VxLAN : vlan_id 202 VNI 20201 mod 1 port 1
*Sep 19 20:16:33.222: DHCP_SNOOPING: Encoding opt82 RID in MAC address format
*Sep 19 20:16:33.222: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of relay info option, length: 26 data:
0x52 0x18 0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0 0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0
*Sep 19 20:16:33.222: DHCPS BRIDGE PAK: vlan=202 platform_flags=1
*Sep 19 20:16:33.222: DHCP_SNOOPING: bridge packet get invalid mat entry: FFFF.FFFF.FFFF, packet is flooded to ingress VLAN: (202)
*Sep 19 20:16:33.222: DHCP_SNOOPING: L2RELAY: sent unicast packet to default gw: 0000.beef.cafe vlan 0 src intf GigabitEthernet1/0/1

DHCP ACK

發現確認從交換矩陣隧道介面到達

*Sep 19 20:16:33.225: DHCP_SNOOPING: received new DHCP packet from input interface (Tunnel0)
*Sep 19 20:16:33.238: DHCP_SNOOPING: process new DHCP packet, message type: DHCPACK, input interface: Tu0, MAC da: 0006.f601.cd43, MAC sa: 0000.beef.cafe, IP da: 255.255.255.255, IP sa: 10.1.202.1, DHCP ciaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP yiaddr: 10.1.202.10, DHCP siaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP giaddr: 10.1.202.1, DHCP chaddr: 0006.f601.cd43, efp_id: 1412061046, vlan_id: 202, bootpflag:0x32768(Broadcast)
*Sep 19 20:16:33.238: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of option 82, length: 26 data:
0x52 0x18 0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0 0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of extracted circuit id, length: 14 data:
0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of extracted remote id, length: 10 data:
0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239:  actual_fmt_cid OPT82_FMT_CID_VXLAN_MOD_PORT_INTF global_opt82_fmt_rid OPT82_FMT_RID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL global_opt82_fmt_cid OPT82_FMT_CID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL cid: sub_option_length 12
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: dhcp_snooping_platform_is_local_dhcp_packet: VXLAN-MOD-PORT opt82 vni 20201, vlan_id 202
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: opt82 data indicates local packet
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: dhcp_snooping_platform_is_local_dhcp_packet: VXLAN-MOD-PORT opt82 vni 20201, vlan_id 202
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: opt82 data indicates local packet
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING opt82_fmt_cid_intf OPT82_FMT_CID_VXLAN_MOD_PORT_INTF opt82_fmt_cid_global OPT82_FMT_CID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL cid: sub_option_length 12
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: VxLAN vlan_id 202 VNI 20201 mod 1 port 1
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: mod 1 port 1 idb Gi1/0/1 found for 0006.f601.cd43
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: Reroute dhcp pak, message type: DHCPACK
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: remove relay information option.
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING opt82_fmt_cid_intf OPT82_FMT_CID_VXLAN_MOD_PORT_INTF opt82_fmt_cid_global OPT82_FMT_CID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL cid: sub_option_length 12
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: VxLAN vlan_id 202 VNI 20201 mod 1 port 1
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: mod 1 port 1 idb Gi1/0/1 found for 0006.f601.cd43
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: calling forward_dhcp_reply
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: platform lookup dest vlan for input_if: Tunnel0, is  tunnel, if_output: NULL, if_output->vlan_id: 99999, pak->vlan_id: 202
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING opt82_fmt_cid_intf OPT82_FMT_CID_VXLAN_MOD_PORT_INTF opt82_fmt_cid_global OPT82_FMT_CID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL cid: sub_option_length 12
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: VxLAN vlan_id 202 VNI 20201 mod 1 port 1
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: mod 1 port 1 idb Gi1/0/1 found for 0006.f601.cd43
*Sep 19 20:16:33.239: DHCP_SNOOPING: vlan 202 after pvlan check
*Sep 19 20:16:33.252: DHCP_SNOOPING: direct forward dhcp replyto output port: GigabitEthernet1/0/1.

注意：這些調試被剪下。它們會生成資料包的記憶體轉儲，但調試結果的此部分註釋不在本文檔的討論範圍之內。

DHCP窺探偵錯(CGW)

DHCP發現

由於資料包在CGW上傳送和接收回的方式（在防火牆上髮夾），調試會觸發兩次

從隧道介面上的交換矩陣到達，並向交換矩陣VLAN 202中的防火牆發出Tw 1/0/1

*Apr 16 14:37:43.890: DHCP_SNOOPING: received new DHCP packet from input interface (Tunnel0)  <-- Discover sent from Leaf01 arrives at Tunnel interface of CGW
*Apr 16 14:37:43.901: DHCP_SNOOPING: process new DHCP packet, message type: DHCPDISCOVER, input interface: Tu0, MAC da: 0000.beef.cafe, MAC sa: 0006.f601.cd43, IP da: 255.255.255.255, IP sa: 0.0.0.0, DHCP ciaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP siaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP giaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP chaddr: 0006.f601.cd43, efp_id: 109663498, vlan_id: 202, bootpflag:0x32768(Broadcast)
*Apr 16 14:37:43.901: DHCPS BRIDGE PAK: vlan=202 platform_flags=1
*Apr 16 14:37:43.901: DHCP_SNOOPING: bridge packet send packet to port: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1, pak_vlan 202. <-- Sent to Firewall interface where the CGW MAC is learned in Vlan 202

從Vlan 2021中Tw 1/0/2上的防火牆到達，將傳送到SVI和幫助程式到DHCP伺服器

*Apr 16 14:37:43.901: DHCP_SNOOPING: received new DHCP packet from input interface (TwentyFiveGigE1/0/2) <-- Firewall sends discover back to switch on the Ext GW vlan 2021
*Apr 16 14:37:43.911: DHCP_SNOOPING: process new DHCP packet, message type: DHCPDISCOVER, input interface: Twe1/0/2, MAC da: 0000.beef.cafe, MAC sa: 0006.f601.cd43, IP da: 255.255.255.255, IP sa: 0.0.0.0, DHCP ciaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP siaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP giaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP chaddr: 0006.f601.cd43, efp_id: 109663498, vlan_id: 2021, bootpflag:0x32768(Broadcast)
*Apr 16 14:37:43.911: DHCPS BRIDGE PAK: vlan=2021 platform_flags=1      <-- Vlan discover seen is now 2021 
*Apr 16 14:37:43.911: DHCP_SNOOPING: Packet destined to SVI Mac:0000.beef.cafe
*Apr 16 14:37:43.911: DHCP_SNOOPING: bridge packet send packet to cpu port: Vlan2021.  <-- Packet punted to CPU for handling by DHCP helper

DHCP提供

從DHCP伺服器返回配置幫助程式並轉發到防火牆的SVI 2021

*Apr 16 14:37:45.913: DHCP_SNOOPING: received new DHCP packet from input interface (Vlan2021)  <-- Arriving from the DHCP server to the SVI
*Apr 16 14:37:45.923: DHCP_SNOOPING: process new DHCP packet, message type: DHCPOFFER, input interface: Vl2021, MAC da: ffff.ffff.ffff, MAC sa: 0000.beef.cafe, IP da: 255.255.255.255, IP sa: 10.1.202.1, DHCP ciaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP yiaddr: 10.1.202.19, DHCP siaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP giaddr: 10.1.202.1, DHCP chaddr: 0006.f601.cd43, efp_id: 109663498, vlan_id: 2021, bootpflag:0x32768(Broadcast)
*Apr 16 14:37:45.923: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of option 82, length: 26 data:
0x52 0x18 0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0 0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0
*Apr 16 14:37:45.924: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of extracted circuit id, length: 14 data:
0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0
*Apr 16 14:37:45.924: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of extracted remote id, length: 10 data:
0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0
*Apr 16 14:37:45.924: actual_fmt_cid OPT82_FMT_CID_VXLAN_MOD_PORT_INTF global_opt82_fmt_rid OPT82_FMT_RID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL global_opt82_fmt_cid OPT82_FMT_CID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL cid: sub_option_length 12
*Apr 16 14:37:45.924: dhcp_snooping_platform_is_local_dhcp_packet: VXLAN-MOD-PORT opt82 vni 20201, vlan_id 202
*Apr 16 14:37:45.924: DHCP_SNOOPING: opt82 data indicates not a local packet
*Apr 16 14:37:45.924: DHCP_SNOOPING: can't parse option 82 data of the message,it is either in wrong format or not inserted by local switch <-- This is expected even in working scenario (disregard it)
*Apr 16 14:37:45.924: DHCP_SNOOPING: calling forward_dhcp_reply
*Apr 16 14:37:45.924: platform lookup dest vlan for input_if: Vlan2021, is NOT tunnel, if_output: Vlan2021, if_output->vlan_id: 2021, pak->vlan_id: 2021
*Apr 16 14:37:45.924: DHCP_SNOOPING: vlan 2021 after pvlan check
*Apr 16 14:37:45.934: DHCP_SNOOPING: direct forward dhcp replyto output port: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/2. <-- sending back toward the Firewall

從交換矩陣VLAN中的防火牆到達，從CGW傳送到交換矩陣到枝葉

*Apr 16 14:37:45.934: DHCP_SNOOPING: received new DHCP packet from input interface (TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1)
*Apr 16 14:37:45.944: DHCP_SNOOPING: process new DHCP packet, message type: DHCPOFFER, input interface: Twe1/0/1, MAC da: ffff.ffff.ffff, MAC sa: 0000.beef.cafe, IP da: 255.255.255.255, IP sa: 10.1.202.1, DHCP ciaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP yiaddr: 10.1.202.19, DHCP siaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP giaddr: 10.1.202.1, DHCP chaddr: 0006.f601.cd43, efp_id: 109663498, vlan_id: 202, bootpflag:0x32768(Broadcast)
*Apr 16 14:37:45.944: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of option 82, length: 26 data:
0x52 0x18 0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0 0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0
*Apr 16 14:37:45.944: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of extracted circuit id, length: 14 data:
0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0
*Apr 16 14:37:45.944: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of extracted remote id, length: 10 data:
0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0
*Apr 16 14:37:45.944: actual_fmt_cid OPT82_FMT_CID_VXLAN_MOD_PORT_INTF global_opt82_fmt_rid OPT82_FMT_RID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL global_opt82_fmt_cid OPT82_FMT_CID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL cid: sub_option_length 12
*Apr 16 14:37:45.944: dhcp_snooping_platform_is_local_dhcp_packet: VXLAN-MOD-PORT opt82 vni 20201, vlan_id 202
*Apr 16 14:37:45.945: DHCP_SNOOPING: opt82 data indicates not a local packet
*Apr 16 14:37:45.945: DHCP_SNOOPING: EVPN enabled Ex GW:fabric relay can't parse option 82 data of the message,it is either in wrong format or not inserted by local switch
*Apr 16 14:37:45.945: DHCP_SNOOPING: client address lookup failed to locate client interface, retry lookup using packet mac DA: ffff.ffff.ffff
*Apr 16 14:37:45.945: DHCP_SNOOPING: lookup packet destination port failed to get mat entry for mac: 0006.f601.cd43 vlan_id 202
*Apr 16 14:37:45.945: DHCP_SNOOPING: L2RELAY: Ex GW unicast bridge packet to fabric: vlan id 202 from Twe1/0/1  <-- L2 RELAY function passed back to fabric

DHCP請求

*Apr 16 14:37:45.967: DHCP_SNOOPING: received new DHCP packet from input interface (Tunnel0)
*Apr 16 14:37:45.978: DHCP_SNOOPING: process new DHCP packet, message type: DHCPREQUEST, input interface: Tu0, MAC da: 0000.beef.cafe, MAC sa: 0006.f601.cd43, IP da: 255.255.255.255, IP sa: 0.0.0.0, DHCP ciaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP siaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP giaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP chaddr: 0006.f601.cd43, efp_id: 109663498, vlan_id: 202, bootpflag:0x32768(Broadcast)
*Apr 16 14:37:45.978: DHCPS BRIDGE PAK: vlan=202 platform_flags=1
*Apr 16 14:37:45.978: DHCP_SNOOPING: bridge packet send packet to port: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1, pak_vlan 202. <-- Send toward Firewall

*Apr 16 14:37:45.978: DHCP_SNOOPING: received new DHCP packet from input interface (TwentyFiveGigE1/0/2) <-- Receive from Firewall 
*Apr 16 14:37:45.989: DHCP_SNOOPING: process new DHCP packet, message type: DHCPREQUEST, input interface: Twe1/0/2, MAC da: 0000.beef.cafe, MAC sa: 0006.f601.cd43, IP da: 255.255.255.255, IP sa: 0.0.0.0, DHCP ciaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP yiaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP siaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP giaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP chaddr: 0006.f601.cd43, efp_id: 109663498, vlan_id: 2021, bootpflag:0x32768(Broadcast)
*Apr 16 14:37:45.989: DHCPS BRIDGE PAK: vlan=2021 platform_flags=1
*Apr 16 14:37:45.989: DHCP_SNOOPING: Packet destined to SVI Mac:0000.beef.cafe
*Apr 16 14:37:45.989: DHCP_SNOOPING: bridge packet send packet to cpu port: Vlan2021.  <-- Punt to CPU / DHCP helper

DHCP ACK

*Apr 16 14:37:45.990: DHCP_SNOOPING: received new DHCP packet from input interface (Vlan2021)  <-- Packet back to SVI from DHCP server 
*Apr 16 14:37:46.000: DHCP_SNOOPING: process new DHCP packet, message type: DHCPACK, input interface: Vl2021, MAC da: ffff.ffff.ffff, MAC sa: 0000.beef.cafe, IP da: 255.255.255.255, IP sa: 10.1.202.1, DHCP ciaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP yiaddr: 10.1.202.19, DHCP siaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP giaddr: 10.1.202.1, DHCP chaddr: 0006.f601.cd43, efp_id: 109663498, vlan_id: 2021, bootpflag:0x32768(Broadcast)
*Apr 16 14:37:46.000: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of option 82, length: 26 data:
0x52 0x18 0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0 0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0
*Apr 16 14:37:46.000: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of extracted circuit id, length: 14 data:
0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0
*Apr 16 14:37:46.000: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of extracted remote id, length: 10 data:
0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0
*Apr 16 14:37:46.001: actual_fmt_cid OPT82_FMT_CID_VXLAN_MOD_PORT_INTF global_opt82_fmt_rid OPT82_FMT_RID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL global_opt82_fmt_cid OPT82_FMT_CID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL cid: sub_option_length 12
*Apr 16 14:37:46.001: dhcp_snooping_platform_is_local_dhcp_packet: VXLAN-MOD-PORT opt82 vni 20201, vlan_id 202
*Apr 16 14:37:46.001: DHCP_SNOOPING: opt82 data indicates not a local packet   <-- found this is coming from Leaf01 RID 
*Apr 16 14:37:46.001: DHCP_SNOOPING: can't parse option 82 data of the message,it is either in wrong format or not inserted by local switch
*Apr 16 14:37:46.001: DHCP_SNOOPING: calling forward_dhcp_reply
*Apr 16 14:37:46.001: platform lookup dest vlan for input_if: Vlan2021, is NOT tunnel, if_output: Vlan2021, if_output->vlan_id: 2021, pak->vlan_id: 2021
*Apr 16 14:37:46.001: DHCP_SNOOPING: vlan 2021 after pvlan check
*Apr 16 14:37:46.011: DHCP_SNOOPING: direct forward dhcp replyto output port: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/2.  <-- Send to Firewall

*Apr 16 14:37:46.011: DHCP_SNOOPING: received new DHCP packet from input interface (TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1)  <-- Coming back in from Firewall
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: DHCP_SNOOPING: process new DHCP packet, message type: DHCPACK, input interface: Twe1/0/1, MAC da: ffff.ffff.ffff, MAC sa: 0000.beef.cafe, IP da: 255.255.255.255, IP sa: 10.1.202.1, DHCP ciaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP yiaddr: 10.1.202.19, DHCP siaddr: 0.0.0.0, DHCP giaddr: 10.1.202.1, DHCP chaddr: 0006.f601.cd43, efp_id: 109663498, vlan_id: 202, bootpflag:0x32768(Broadcast)
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of option 82, length: 26 data:
0x52 0x18 0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0 0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of extracted circuit id, length: 14 data:
0x1 0xC 0x1 0xA 0x0 0x8 0x0 0x0 0x4E 0xE9 0x1 0x1 0x0 0x0
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: DHCP_SNOOPING: binary dump of extracted remote id, length: 10 data:
0x2 0x8 0x0 0x6 0x68 0x2C 0x7B 0xF8 0x87 0x0
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: actual_fmt_cid OPT82_FMT_CID_VXLAN_MOD_PORT_INTF global_opt82_fmt_rid OPT82_FMT_RID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL global_opt82_fmt_cid OPT82_FMT_CID_DEFAULT_GLOBAL cid: sub_option_length 12
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: dhcp_snooping_platform_is_local_dhcp_packet: VXLAN-MOD-PORT opt82 vni 20201, vlan_id 202
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: DHCP_SNOOPING: opt82 data indicates not a local packet
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: DHCP_SNOOPING: EVPN enabled Ex GW:fabric relay can't parse option 82 data of the message,it is either in wrong format or not inserted by local switch
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: DHCP_SNOOPING: client address lookup failed to locate client interface, retry lookup using packet mac DA: ffff.ffff.ffff
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: DHCP_SNOOPING: lookup packet destination port failed to get mat entry for mac: 0006.f601.cd43 vlan_id 202
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: DHCP_SNOOPING: can't find client's destination port, packet is assumed to be not from local switch, no binding update is needed.
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: DHCP_SNOOPING: client address lookup failed to locate client interface, retry lookup using packet mac DA: ffff.ffff.ffff
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: DHCP_SNOOPING: lookup packet destination port failed to get mat entry for mac: 0006.f601.cd43 vlan_id 202
*Apr 16 14:37:46.022: DHCP_SNOOPING: L2RELAY: Ex GW unicast bridge packet to fabric: vlan id 202 from Twe1/0/1  <-- Send packet back into fabric

嵌入式捕獲

使用EPC確認DHCP資料包交換和引數是否正確

這從CGW的角度顯示，但可以在Leaf上重複該過程以驗證資料包交換
此示例顯示Discover，因為其他DHCP資料包的進程和分析相同

檢查到枝葉環回的路由

CGW#show ip route 172.16.254.3
Routing entry for 172.16.254.3/32
  Known via "ospf 1", distance 110, metric 3, type intra area
  Last update from 172.16.1.25 on TwentyFiveGigE1/0/47, 2w6d ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 172.16.1.29, from 172.16.255.3, 2w6d ago, via TwentyFiveGigE1/0/48
      Route metric is 3, traffic share count is 1
    172.16.1.25, from 172.16.255.3, 2w6d ago, via TwentyFiveGigE1/0/47
      Route metric is 3, traffic share count is 1

將捕獲配置為在面向Leaf01的鏈路上運行

   monitor capture 1 interface TwentyFiveGigE1/0/47 BOTH
   monitor capture 1 interface TwentyFiveGigE1/0/48 BOTH
   monitor capture 1 match any
   monitor capture 1 buffer size 100
   monitor capture 1 limit pps 1000

啟動捕獲，觸發主機請求DHCP IP地址，停止捕獲

monitor capture 1 start
  (have the host request dhcp ip)
monitor capture 1 stop

檢視從DHCP發現開始的捕獲結果（注意事務ID以確認這是完全相同的DORA事件）

CGW#show monitor cap 1 buff brief | i DHCP
   16  12.737135      0.0.0.0 -> 255.255.255.255 DHCP 434 DHCP Discover - Transaction ID 0x78b <-- Discover starts at Frame 16 with all same transaction ID
   18  14.740041   10.1.202.1 -> 255.255.255.255 DHCP 438 DHCP Offer    - Transaction ID 0x78b
   19  14.742741      0.0.0.0 -> 255.255.255.255 DHCP 452 DHCP Request  - Transaction ID 0x78b
   20  14.745646   10.1.202.1 -> 255.255.255.255 DHCP 438 DHCP ACK      - Transaction ID 0x78b

CGW#sh mon cap 1 buff detailed | b Frame 16

Frame 16: 434 bytes on wire (3472 bits), 434 bytes captured (3472 bits) on interface /tmp/epc_ws/wif_to_ts_pipe, id 0
    [Protocols in frame: eth:ethertype:ip:udp:vxlan:eth:ethertype:ip:udp:dhcp]
Ethernet II, Src: dc:77:4c:8a:6d:7f (dc:77:4c:8a:6d:7f), Dst: 10:f9:20:2e:9f:82 (10:f9:20:2e:9f:82) <-- Underlay Interface MACs
    Type: IPv4 (0x0800)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 172.16.254.3, Dst: 172.16.254.6  
User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 65281, Dst Port: 4789                  <-- VXLAN Port
Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network
    VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI): 20201                                <-- Correct VNI / Segment 
    Reserved: 0
Ethernet II, Src: 00:06:f6:01:cd:43 (00:06:f6:01:cd:43), Dst: 00:00:be:ef:ca:fe (00:00:be:ef:ca:fe) <-- Inner Packet destined to CGW MAC 
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 0.0.0.0, Dst: 255.255.255.255
User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 68, Dst Port: 67                       <-- DHCP ports

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Discover)                           <-- DHCP Discover Packet
    Client MAC address: 00:06:f6:01:cd:43 (00:06:f6:01:cd:43)
    Client hardware address padding: 00000000000000000000
    Server host name not given
    Boot file name not given
    Magic cookie: DHCP
    Option: (53) DHCP Message Type (Discover)
        Length: 1
        DHCP: Discover (1)
    Option: (57) Maximum DHCP Message Size
        Length: 2
        Maximum DHCP Message Size: 1152
    Option: (61) Client identifier
        Length: 27
        Type: 0
        Client Identifier: cisco-0006.f601.cd43-Vl202
    Option: (12) Host Name
        Length: 17
        Host Name: 9300-HOST-3750X-2
    Option: (55) Parameter Request List
        Length: 8
        Parameter Request List Item: (1) Subnet Mask
        Parameter Request List Item: (6) Domain Name Server
        Parameter Request List Item: (15) Domain Name
        Parameter Request List Item: (44) NetBIOS over TCP/IP Name Server
        Parameter Request List Item: (3) Router
        Parameter Request List Item: (33) Static Route
        Parameter Request List Item: (150) TFTP Server Address
        Parameter Request List Item: (43) Vendor-Specific Information
    Option: (60) Vendor class identifier
        Length: 8
        Vendor class identifier: ciscopnp
    Option: (82) Agent Information Option
        Length: 24
        Option 82 Suboption: (1) Agent Circuit ID
            Length: 12
            Agent Circuit ID: 010a000800004ee901010000
        Option 82 Suboption: (2) Agent Remote ID
            Length: 8
            Agent Remote ID: 0006682c7bf88700  <-- switch base mac 682c.7bf8.8700 (from 'show switch')
    Option: (255) End
        Option End: 255

注意：捕獲工具可用於任何枝葉或CGW，以確定DHCP DORA交換的一部分疑似故障的最後一點。

驗證錯誤的監聽統計信息

Leaf01#show ip dhcp snooping statistics detail
 Packets Processed by DHCP Snooping                    = 1288
 Packets Dropped Because
   IDB not known                                       = 0
   Queue full                                          = 0
   Interface is in errdisabled                         = 0
   Rate limit exceeded                                 = 0
   Received on untrusted ports                         = 0
   Nonzero giaddr                                      = 0
   Source mac not equal to chaddr                      = 0
   No binding entry                                    = 0
   Insertion of opt82 fail                             = 0
   Unknown packet                                      = 0
   Interface Down                                      = 0
   Unknown output interface                            = 0
   Misdirected Packets                                 = 0
   Packets with Invalid Size                           = 0
   Packets with Invalid Option                         = 0
<-- Look for any drop counter that is actively incrementing when the issue is seen.

驗證DHCP窺探的點路徑

CoPP是丟棄突發路徑中的資料包的主要元件

Leaf01#show platform hardware switch active qos queue stats internal cpu policer

                         CPU Queue Statistics
============================================================================================
                                              (default) (set)     Queue        Queue
QId PlcIdx  Queue Name                Enabled   Rate     Rate      Drop(Bytes)  Drop(Frames)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17   6      DHCP Snooping               Yes     400       400      0            0
  
              CPU Queue Policer Statistics
====================================================================
Policer    Policer Accept   Policer Accept  Policer Drop  Policer Drop
  Index         Bytes          Frames        Bytes          Frames
-------------------------------------------------------------------
6          472723           1288            0             0

用於定位可能發生資料包泛洪的位置的另一個非常有用的命令是「show platform software fed switch active punt rate interfaces」

這非常有助於找到發生泛洪的源介面，該泛洪導致點路徑擁塞，並影響合法CPU繫結流量

Leaf01#show platform software fed switch active punt rates interfaces
Punt Rate on Interfaces Statistics

Packets per second averaged over 10 seconds, 1 min and 5 mins
===========================================================================================
                             |           |  Recv |  Recv |  Recv |  Drop |  Drop  |  Drop   <-- Receive and drop rates for this port
 Interface Name              |  IF_ID    |  10s  |  1min |  5min |  10s  |  1min  |  5min
===========================================================================================
 GigabitEthernet1/0/1          0x0000000a       2       2       2       0       0       0   <-- the port and its IF-ID which can be used in the next command

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Leaf01#show platform software fed switch active punt rates interfaces 0xa  <-- From previous command (omit the leading zeros)
Punt Rate on Single Interfaces Statistics

Interface : GigabitEthernet1/0/1 [if_id: 0xA]

  Received                         Dropped
  --------                         -------
   Total          : 8032546          Total           : 0
   10 sec average : 2                10 sec average  : 0
    1 min average : 2                 1 min average  : 0
    5 min average : 2                 5 min average  : 0

Per CPUQ punt stats on the interface (rate averaged over 10s interval)
==========================================================================
 Q  |         Queue                 |  Recv   |  Recv  |  Drop  |  Drop  |
 no |         Name                  |  Total  |  Rate  |  Total |  Rate  |
==========================================================================
 17  CPU_Q_DHCP_SNOOPING                 1216        0        0        0
<...snip...>

DHCP監聽使用者端統計資訊

使用此命令觀察DHCP消息交換。可以在枝葉或CGW上運行以檢視事件跟蹤

Leaf01#show platform dhcpsnooping client stats 0006.F601.CD43
DHCPSN: DHCP snooping server
DHCPD: DHCP protocol daemen
L2FWD: Transmit Packet to driver in L2 format
FWD: Transmit Packet to driver
(B): Dhcp message's response expected as 'B'roadcast
(U): Dhcp message's response expected as 'U'nicast
Packet Trace for client MAC 0006.F601.CD43:
Timestamp                Destination MAC  Destination Ip  VLAN  Message      Handler:Action
------------------------ ---------------- --------------- ----  ------------ ----------------
2023/09/28 14:53:59.866  FFFF.FFFF.FFFF   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPDISCOVER(B) PUNT:RECEIVED
2023/09/28 14:53:59.866  FFFF.FFFF.FFFF   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPDISCOVER(B) PUNT:TO_DHCPSN
2023/09/28 14:53:59.867  FFFF.FFFF.FFFF   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPDISCOVER(B) BRIDGE:RECEIVED
2023/09/28 14:53:59.867  0000.BEEF.CAFE   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPDISCOVER(B) L2INJECT:TO_FWD
2023/09/28 14:53:59.867  FFFF.FFFF.FFFF   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPDISCOVER(B) BRIDGE:TO_INJECT
2023/09/28 14:53:59.867  FFFF.FFFF.FFFF   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPDISCOVER(B) L2INJECT:TO_FWD
2023/09/28 14:54:01.871  0006.F601.CD43   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPOFFER(B)    PUNT:RECEIVED
2023/09/28 14:54:01.871  0006.F601.CD43   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPOFFER(B)    PUNT:TO_DHCPSN
2023/09/28 14:54:01.874  FFFF.FFFF.FFFF   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPREQUEST(B)  PUNT:RECEIVED
2023/09/28 14:54:01.874  FFFF.FFFF.FFFF   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPREQUEST(B)  PUNT:TO_DHCPSN
2023/09/28 14:54:01.874  FFFF.FFFF.FFFF   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPREQUEST(B)  BRIDGE:RECEIVED
2023/09/28 14:54:01.874  0000.BEEF.CAFE   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPREQUEST(B)  L2INJECT:TO_FWD
2023/09/28 14:54:01.874  FFFF.FFFF.FFFF   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPREQUEST(B)  BRIDGE:TO_INJECT
2023/09/28 14:54:01.874  FFFF.FFFF.FFFF   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPREQUEST(B)  L2INJECT:TO_FWD
2023/09/28 14:54:01.877  0006.F601.CD43   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPACK(B)      PUNT:RECEIVED
2023/09/28 14:54:01.877  0006.F601.CD43   255.255.255.255 202  DHCPACK(B)      PUNT:TO_DHCPSN

其他調試

debug ip dhcp server packet detail
debug ip dhcp server packet
debug ip dhcp server events
debug ip dhcp snooping packet
debug dhcp detail

注意：運行debug時請務必小心！

在Catalyst 9000系列交換器上實作BGP EVPN DHCP第2層中繼

無偏見用語

關於此翻譯

目錄

簡介

必要條件

需求

採用元件

背景資訊

檔案詳細資訊

L2中繼行為

技術

配置（標準CGW部署）

網路圖表

L2 VTEP（枝葉）金鑰詳細資訊

L3 VTEP(CGW)金鑰詳細資訊

L2VTEP

CGW

驗證（標準CGW部署）

網關字首（分葉）

FED MATM（分葉）

本地MAC​（枝葉）

DHCP窺探（枝葉和CGW）

配置（部分隔離受保護）

網路圖表

L2 VTEP（枝葉）金鑰詳細資訊

L3 VTEP(CGW)金鑰詳細資訊

CGW

驗證（已部分隔離保護）

網關字首（分葉）

FED MATM（分葉）

本地MAC​（枝葉）

DHCP窺探（枝葉和CGW）

故障排除（任何CGW型別）

DHCP窺探偵錯（枝葉）

DHCP窺探偵錯(CGW)

嵌入式捕獲

DHCP監聽使用者端統計資訊

其他調試

相關資訊

修訂記錄

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本地MAC（枝葉）

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